1

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1
1.1


7

45



15

1.
. 30
. (8 + 22)3 102
.
1. 3
2. 4

. 7 {1 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 9}
.
. 3
3. 5
4. 6

2.
. 9
.
. { , , } = {1 , 2 , 3}
1. 3
2. 4

. {1 , 2 }
. x x2 x
. { 0 } { , 0 }
3. 5
4. 6

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1.2


4
1) ()
2) ()
3) .............. ( )
4) ( )
2
1.2.1 ( )

p
q pq
T
T
T

T
F
F
T T T
F
T
F
F
F
F
F
2
6 3
T F
T

T
F
T
1.2.2 ( )

p
q p q

T
T
T
T
F
T
F F F
F
T
T
T
F
F
F
2
6 3 2
T F
F
F
T
F
2

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1.2.3 .......... .......... ( )

..............

p
q
pq
T
T
T

T
F
F
T F F
F
T
T
F
F
T
T

2
6 3 2
T
F
F

F
T
T
1.2.4 ( )

p
q
pq
T
T
T
T
F
F
F
T
F
F
F
T

2
6 3 2
T F
F
F
F
T
1.2.5 ()

p
p
T
F
F
T
3

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.
p
q
pq pq
1 2
T
T
T
F
F
T
F
F

pq
4

pq
5

3.
. 2 > 3 5 x 3 = 18
.
. 5 + 3 8 8 3 = 5
. 23 1
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3

4. 4

.
p
q
pq
1
T
T
T
F
F
T
F
F

pq
3

pq
2

pq
3

pq
4

pq
5

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4.
. 2 > 3 3 > 2
. x 0
.
.
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4

.
p
q
pq
pq
1 2
T
T
T
F
F
T
F
F

pq
3

5.
.
. 5 x 2 = 10 5 + 2 = 10
. 3 + 2 = 6 6 2 = 3
. 3 x 2 = 6 62 = 3
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3

pq
4

pq
5

4. 4

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.
p
q
pq pq
1 2
T
T
T
F
F
T
F
F

pq
3

pq
4

6.
. 2 + 2 = 4 2 x 2 = 4
. 3 + 5 = 15 15 5 = 10
.
. 20 20 4
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3

pq
5

4. 4

()

p
p
T
F
F
T
.
p q p q
T T
T F
F T
F F

pq

pq

pq

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1.3
7. p , q , r , s t

() (p q) r
() (p r) (t s)
1. . .
2. . .
3. . .
4. . .

8. p , q , r , s t

() (p s) (p r)
() [(p q) t]
1. . .
2. . .
3. . .
4. . .

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9. p , q , r , s t

() [ (r s) p]
() (p q) (r t)
1. . .
2. . .
3. . .
4. . .

10. p , q , r , s t

() (r q) (s t)
() (p q) (r s)
1. . .
2. . .
3. . .
4. . .

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11. p , q , r , s t

() (s p) (q r)
() (q r) (p s)
1. . .
2. . .
3. . .
4. . .

.
1. F =
2. F =
3. F =
4. F =
5. F =
6. F =
.
1. T =
2. T =
3. T =
4. T =
5. T =
6. T =
7. =
8. F =
.
1. F T =
2. F =
3. T =
4. F =
6. T =
7. ( F ) =
9

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12.
. (q r) (s p) q
. (q r) (s p) q
1. . .
2. . .
3. . .
4. . .

13.
. (q r) (s p)
q s
. ( s r) (q p) p
. ( ~p r) (q p) p
1. . . .
3. . . .

2. . . .
4. . . .

10

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14. ( p q ) r p , q , r
( )
1. T , T , F
2. T , F , F
3. T , F , T
4. F , F , F

15. ( p q) (r s) p , q , r , s
( )
1. T , T , F , F
2. T , F , F , F
3. T , F , T , T
4. F , F , F , T

11

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16. ( p q) (r q) p , q , r
( )
1. T , T , F
2. T , F , F
3. T , F , T
4. F , F , F

17. p q (p q) (p q)
1.
2.
3.
4.

12

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18( En) p , q r (p q) (q r)

1. p q
2. p r
3. p q
4. q r

19( ) r s p
q [ (p q ) r ] ( p s )
1. p q
2. p q
3. p q
4. p q

13

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20. [ p(q r) ] (s r ) p , q , r
s ( )
1. T , T , F , F
2. T , T , F , T
3. T , F , T , T 4. F , F , F , T

21( ) [ p (q r) ] (q r)
p , q , r .......... ( )
1. T , T , F
2. T , F , F
3. T , F , T
4. F , F , F

14

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1.4

(p q) (p q)
(p q) (p q)
p , q 4
p
T
T
F
F

q
T
F
T
F

p
F
F
T
T

pq
T
F
T
T

q
F
T
F
T

p q
F
F
F
T

(p q) (p q)
F
T
F
T

( p q ) r
( p q ) r
p , q r 8
p
T
T
T
T
F
F
F
F

q
T
T
F
F
T
T
F
F

p q
T
T
F
F
F
F
F
F

r
T
F
T
F
T
F
T
F

15

(p q ) r
T
F
T
T
T
T
T
T

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22. p (r p)

1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4

23. (p q) r
1. 4
2. 5
3. 6
4. 7

16

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1.5
2 2

(p q) p q
p
q
p q (p q) p q p q

T
T
T
F
F
F
F
T
F
T
F
F
T
F
F
T
T
F
T
F
F
F
F
F
T
T
T
T
(p q) p q
(p q) p q

1)
pq qp
2)
p q q p
3) p ( q r) ( p q ) r
4) p ( q r) ( p q ) r
5) p ( q r ) ( p q ) ( p r )
6) p ( q r) ( p q ) ( p r)
7)
(p q) p q
8)
(p q) p q
9)
p q p q

A B A B
K L K L
10) ( p q ) ( p q ) p q
11) p q q p
12)
p q ( p q ) ( q p)
17

http://www.pec9.com

13)
14)
15)
16)
17)
18)
19)
20)
21)
22)
23)
24)

p(qr)
p(qr)
(qr)p
(qr)p
p p
p p
p ~p
p~p
pF
pT
pT
pF

p
p
F
T
F
T
p
p

(pq) (pr)
(pq)(pr)
(qp)(rp)
(qp) (rp)

.
1)
p q ....................................
2)
p q ....................................
3) p ( q r) ....................................
4) p ( q r) ....................................
5) p ( q r ) ....................................
6) p ( q r) ....................................
7)
( p q ) ....................................
8)
( p q ) ....................................
24. p ( q r)
1. ( p q ) r
2. ( q p ) r
3. ( p r ) q
4.

18

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25. p ( q r)
1. ( p q ) ( p r )
2. ( p q ) r
3. ( q p ) ( r p )
4. 1

26. ( p q r)
1. p q r
2. p q r
3. p q r
4. 1

.
1) p q ....................................
2) ( p q ) ....................................
3) p q ....................................
4)
p q ....................................
19

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27.
. P Q
Q P
. (P Q) P Q
. (~X Y ) Y X
1. 0
2. 1

3. 2

4. 3

28.
. (P Q ) R
(~P ~Q ) R
. (P Q) (X Y) (~P ~Q) (X Y)
1. .
.
2. .
.
3. . .
4. . .

20

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29.
. ( P Q ) ( R S ) ( R S ) ( P Q )
. p q
( q p ) ( q p)
1. .
.
2. .
.
3. . .
4. . .

30.
. p ( q p) p ( p q )
. p ( q r ) ( p q ) r
1. .
.
2. .
.
3. . .
4. . .

21

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31.
. p ( q ( r p ) ) p ( q ) r
. p q
( p q ) p
1. .
.
2. .
.
3. . .
4. . .

32.
. p ( q q ) q
. p ( p q ) q p
1. .
.
3. . .

2. .
.
4. . .

22

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33.
. (p q) (r r) q p
. p q
[p (q q)] [q (p p)]
1. .
.
2. .
.
3. . .
4. . .

1.6

( )
1
2
3


( )
1
2

23

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34.
. ( p q) p
. ( ~ p ) ( p q )
1. . .
2. . .
3. . .
4. . .

35.
. ( p q ) ( p q )
. ( p q ) ( p q )
1. . .
2. . .
3. . .
4. . .

24

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36.
. [ (p q) p] p
1. . .
3. . .

. ( p q ) ( p q)
2. . .
4. . .

37.
. [ ( q p ) q ] p
1. . .
3. . .

. ( p q ) ( p q)
2. . .
4. . .

25

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38.
. ( p q ) ( p q )
. ( p q ) ( p q )
1. . .
2. . .
3. . .
4. . .

1.7


1
2
3

26

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39( En)
. 1. p (q r )
2. q
3. r

1. . .
3. . .

. 1. ( p q ) r
2. ( r s )
3. p
q
2. . .
4. . .

40.
1. p q
2. p r
3. s r
4. q

s
1.
2. 3. 4.

27

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41.
1.
2.

1.
2. 3. 4.

1.8

x + 5 > 0
.
1. 4
2. {3} {0 , 1} 3 {0 , 1}
3. x2 + x 6 = (x + 3)(x 2)
4.
5.
6. x + x = 2x x x = 0
7. 12 x x2 6
8. x 3
28

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1.9
( )

2
1) x x
2) x x
x ( x + 5 = 9)
x x + 5 = 9
x ( x + 5 = 9)
x x + 5 = 9

1.10
3
1.
2.
3.
x [ P (x) ]
1) x U P(x)
2) x U 1 P(x)
. x ( x + 1 x2 ) U = { 2 , 3 , 4 , }
x { 2 , 3 , 4 , . } x + 1 x2

U x x + 1 x2

2. x ( x + 1 x2 ) U = { 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , }
x { 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , } x + 1 x2
x 1 x + 1 x2

29

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x [ P (x) ]
1) x U 1 P (x)
2) x U P(x)
1. x (x2 > 2x)
U = { 1 , 2 , 3 }
x {1 , 2 , 3 } x2 > 2x
x 3 x2 > 2x
2. x (x2 > 2x)
U = { 0 , 1 , 2 }
x {0 , 1 , 2 } x2 > 2x
U x2 > 2x
42.
. x ( x 5 = 10)
. x ( x2 > 0)
. x ( x2 > 0)
. x ( | x | < 0)
1. 2
2. 3
3. 4

. x ( x + 6 = 18 )
4. 5

43. . x [ x2 2x = 3 ] U = { 2 , 1 , 0 , 1 , 2 }
. x [ x + 2 > 2 x ] U = I
. .
1. . .
2. . .
3. . .
4. . .

30

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1.11

x
x
P(x)
~ P(x)

=
44. xy [ (xy < 0) ( x < 0 y < 0) ]
1. x y [ (xy < 0) ( x < 0 y < 0) ]
2. x y [ (xy > 0) ( x > 0 y > 0) ]
3. x y [ (xy > 0) ( x > 0 y > 0) ]
4. x y [ (xy > 0) ( x > 0 y > 0) ]

45. x y [ ( xy < 0 ) ( x < 0 ) ]

1. xy [ ( xy < 0 ) ( x 0 ) ]
2. xy [ ( xy < 0 ) ( x 0 ) ]
3. xy [ ( xy 0 ) ( x 0 ) ]
4. xy [ ( xy 0 ) ( x 0 ) ]

31

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1.12
8
xy [P(x, y)]
xy[P(x , y)]
xy[P(x, y)] xy[P(x , y)]
yx [P(x, y)]
yx[P(x , y)]
yx[P(x, y)] yx[P(x , y)]

xy [P(x, y)] x y
a b P(a , b)
xy [P(x, y)] x y
a b P(a , b)
xy [P(x, y)] x y
a b P(a , b)
xy [P(x, y)] x y
a b P(a , b)
xy [P(x , y)] x
a y [P(a , y)]
xy [P(x , y)] x
a y [P(a , y)]
xy [P(x , y)] x
a y [P(a , y)]
xy [P(x , y)] x
a y [P(a , y)]
46. U = {1 , 0 , 1}
(a) xy [ x y 2 ]
(b) xy [ x + y 2 ]
1. (a) (b)
2. (a) (b)
3. (a) (b)
4. (a) (b)
32

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47. U =
(a) xy [ x y = y x ]
(b) xy [ x + y = 0 ]
1. (a) (b)
2. (a) (b)
3. (a) (b)
4. (a) (b)

48. U = {1 , 0 , 1}
(a) xy [ 2x + y = 2 ]
(b) xy [ x + y 2 ]
1. (a) (b)
2. (a) (b)
3. (a) (b)
4. (a) (b)

49. U = {1 , 0 , 1}
(a) xy [ x y ]
(b) xy [ x + y = 0 ]
1. (a) (b)
2. (a) (b)
3. (a) (b)
4. (a) (b)

50. U = {1 , 0 , 1}
(a) xy [ x + y = 0 ]
(b) xy [ x y ]
1. (a) (b)
2. (a) (b)
3. (a) (b)
4. (a) (b)
33

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1
1.1
1.
.
. 2
.
1. 3
2. 4

.
. 2 3 x2 x = 6
. 16 5
3. 5
4. 6

1.2
2.
. 2 > 2 4 < 2
. 2 > 2 2 < 2
. 2 7 7 . 2 < 1 2 < 0
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4
3.
. 2 < 1 1 > 0
. 2 < 8 3 < 1
. 2 . 8 < 1 9 < 2
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4
4.
1. 2 + 4 = 4 + 2 5 x 2 = 2 x 3
2. 2 x 3 = 3 x 2 { 2 + 3 = 3 + 2 2 3 = 3 2 }
3. { 2 = 2 2 = 2 } 1 + 2 = 2 1
4. 3

34

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1.3
5. P , Q , R , S T , F , T , F

. (P Q) R
. (P Q) R
. (P Q) R
1. 0

2. 1

3. 2

4. 3

6. P , Q , R , S T , F , T , F

. (P Q) R
. (P Q) S
. (P S) Q
1. 0

2. 1

3. 2

4. 3

7. P , Q , R , S T , F , T , F

. (R S) Q
. (Q P) R
. (S R) P
1. 0
2. 1
3. 2
4. 3
8. P , Q , R , S T , F , T , F

. (P S) Q
. (R S) Q
. Q (S P)
1. 0
2. 1
3. 2
4. 3
9. P , Q , R , S T , F , T , F

() [(P S) (R Q)] P
() [S Q) (R P)] S (Q P)
1. . .
2. . .
3. . .
4. . .

35

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10. P , Q , R , S T , F , T , F

() [(S P) R] [(Q P) S]
() [(P Q) R] S [(S R) Q] P
1. . .
2. . .
3. . .
4. . .
11. P , Q , R , S T , F , T , F

() [(P Q) R] S (P R) S
() (S Q) (R P) [(P Q) R] S
1. . .
2. . .
3. . .
4. . .
12. p , q , r , s t

() [ (p q) (t r) ] s
() [ (pq) (ts) ] [ (qr) s ]
1. . .
2. . .
3. . .
4. . .
13. p , q , r T , F , T
[ p (q r) ] [ (p q) (p r) ]
1. [(p q) p]
2. p (p q)
3. [(p q) (p q)]
4. q p
14.
() (p q) r
r F
() p (p q)
q T
1. . .
2. . .
3. . .
4. . .
36

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15.
. q (p q)
q
. p (q r)
q
. p (q r)
p
1. . . .
3. . . .

2. . . .
4. . . .

16. p (q r) p , q , r
1. p q r
2. p q r
3. p q r
4. p q r
17. (p q) (r s)
p , q , r , s
1. p q r s
2. p q r s
3. p q r s
4. p q r s
18. p (q r) [p (q r)] [(p q) (p r)]

1.
2.
3.
4.
19. p q q r
1. p (q r)
2. (p q) r
3. (q p) r
4. (p q) r
20. [(p r) (r s) q
p , q , r , s
1. p q r s
2. p q r s
3. p q r s
4. p q r s

37

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21. [(p q) (p s)] (r s)

p , q , r , s
1. p q r s
2. p q r s
3. p q r s
4. p q r s
22. (p q) (r p)

1. (p q) (r q)
2. (p q) (r q)
3. [(p q) (r q)] p
4. [(p r) (q p)] q
23. (p q)

1. p q
3. p q

, (q r) , (r s) p r
p , q , r , s
r s
2. p q r s
r s
4. p q r s

24. [p (q r)] (s r) (p s)

1. p q
2. q r
3. r s
4. s p
25. (p q) [ p(q)(pq) ] [ (pq) (pq) ]
p q
1. p q
2. p q
3. p q
4. p q
26. (p q) r r s

1. s p
2. (p q) r
3. (p q) r

38

4. r (s p)

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27. (p q) (r s)

. (p r) (q s)
. r (p q)
. (p s) r
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. 3
28. p , q , r (p q) (r r)

1. q
2. p
3. p q
4. p q
29. [ (p q) r] (q r)
p , q , r
1. p q r
2. p q r
3. p q r
4. p q r
30. , ,

:
:
:
T
1.
2.
3.
4.

39

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1.4
31. (q p) (p q)

1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4
32. (p q) (p r)

1. 4
2. 5
3. 6
4. 7

1.5
33.
. (p q) r (p q) r
. (p q) r r (p q)
1. .
.
2.
3. . .
4.
34.
. p q
(p q) (q p)
. (p q) r r (p q)
1. .
.
2.
3. . .
4.

.
.
. .

.
.
. .

35.
. ( p q ) ( r s ) ( r s ) ( p q )
. p ( q r )
( p q ) r
1. .
.
2. .
.
3. . .
4. . .

40

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36. r (p q)
1. r (p q)
2. (p q) r
3. r (p q)
4. (p q) r
37. m (n k)
1. m (k n)
2. n (m k)
3. (n k) m
4. k (n m)
38.
. p (q r)
(p q) r
. p (q r)
(p q) (p r)
1. .
.
2. .
.
3. . .
4. . .
39.
. p q
( p q ) p
. ( p q ) ( p r )
p(qr)
1. .
.
2. .
.
3. . .
4. . .
40.
. (p q) r
[(q r) (p r)]
. p (q r)

(r p) (q p)
1. .
.
2. .
.
3. . .
4. . .
41.
. p q
[p (q q)] [q (p p)]
. (p q) (r r) p q
1. .
.
2. .
.
3. . .
4. . .
41

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42.
. p q
[(p q) r] [(p q) r]
. (p q) (r r) (q p)
1. .
.
2. .
.
3. . .
4. . .
43.
. [(q r) (p s) (q r)] q p s
. (r s) [(p p) q]
r s q
1. .
.
2. .
.
3. . .
4. . .
44.
. (p q) (q q) (q p)
.
q
[q (r r)] [p (q q)]
1. .
.
2. .
.
3. . .
4. . .
45.
. [q (r r)] [p (q q)] q
. [p (q q)] w
w
1. .
.
2. .
.
3. . .
4. . .
46. ab < 0 a < 0 b < 0

1. ab 0 a 0 b 0
2. ab 0 a 0 b 0
3. ab 0 a 0 b 0
4. a 0 b 0 ab 0
42

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1.6
47.
. ( p q ) ( p q )
1. . .
3. . .

. [ p (q) ] [ q (p) ]
2. . .
4. . .

48.
. (p q) (q r) (p r)
1. . .
3. . .

. (p q) (p q)
2. . .
4. . .

49.
. p (p q)
1. . .
3. . .

. [ ( p q ) q ] q
2. . .
4. . .

50.
. (p q) (q p)
1. . .
3. . .

. [p (p q)] q
2. . .
4. . .

51.
. [ (p ) ( p q ) ] q
1. . .
3. . .

. ( p q ) (p q)
2. . .
4. . .

52.
. (p q) q
1. . .
3. . .

. (p q) (p q)
2. . .
4. . .
43

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53.
1. [p (p q)] p
3. p (p q) p
54.
. ( p q ) ( p q )
1. . .
3. . .

2. [ p (p q) ] q
4. [(p q) (q r)] (p r)
. [p (q r)] [ (p q) r ]
2. . .
4. . .

55. ( p q ) r p (q r)
1.
2.
3. 4.

1.7
56.
. 1. p q
2. p
q

1. . .
3. . .
57.
. 1. p q
2. p
q

1. .
.
3. . .

. 1. p q
2. q
p
2. . .
4. . .
. 1. p q
2. q
p
2. .
4. .

44

.
.

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58.
. 1. p q
2. r (p q)
p r

1. . .
3. . .

. 1. p q
2. p (q r)
r
2. . .
4. . .

59.
. 1. (p q) (r s)
2. (r s)
p q

1. . .
3. . .
60.
. 1. p q
2. q r
p

. 1. p q
2. p (q r)
r
2. . .
4. . .

. 1. p q
2. q r
3. p
r

1. . .
3. . .

45

2. . .
4. . .

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61.
. 1. p q
2. p
3. q r
p

1. .
.
3. . .

. 1. p q
2. q r
3. r s
s
2. .
4. .

62.
. 1. p q
2. r p
3. q
4. r t
t

1. . .
3. . .

.
.

. 1. p q
2. p r
3. p s
r s

2. . .
4. . .

63.
. 1.
2.

. 1.
2.

1. . .
2. . .
3. . .
4. . .
46

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64.
. 1.
2.

. 1.
2.

1. . .
2. . .
3. . .
4. . .
65.
. 1.
2.
3.

. 1. a2 = 4 a = 2
2. a2 4 a2 > 4
3. a 2
a2 > 4

1. . .
3. . .

47

2. . .
4. . .

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1.8
1.9
1.10
66. U = {2 , 3}
1. x [x > 1]
2. x [x > 2]
3. x [x > 2]
4. x [x > 0]
67. U = { 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 }

. x [x2 < 20]

. x [x3 > 100]
1. . .
2. . .
3. . .
4. . .
68.
. x [ (x > 4 ) (x < 7) ] U = { x x 10 }
. x [ x2 0 ]
U = I
1. . .
2. . .
3. . .
4. . .
69. U =
1. x [x2 < 0] x [x 0]
2. x [x > 0] x [x > 4]
3. x [x > 2] x [2 < x < 3]
4. x [x < 3] x [3 < x < 7]

48

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1.11
70.
. x [x + 2 = 3] x [x + 2 3]
. x [ x + 5 4] x [x + 5 = 4]
1. . .
2. . .
3. . .
4. . .
71.
. x [x + 2 3] x [x + 2 3]
. x [ x + 5 20] x [x + 5 20]
1. . .
2. . .
3. . .
4. . .
72. xy [ x2 y ]
1. x y [x2 y]
3. xy [x2 y]

2. x y [x2 > y]
4. xy [x2 > y]

73.
. x [ (x + 2 = 3) (x 2 = 3) ] x [ (x + 2 3) (x 2 3) ]
. x [ (x + 1 2) (x + 2 7) ] x [ (x + 1 = 2) (x + 2 = 7 ) ]
1. . .
2. . .
3. . .
4. . .
74. xy [ P(x,y) Q(x,y)]
1. xy [P(x,y) Q(x,y)]
2. xy [P(x,y) Q(x,y)]
3. xy [P(x,y) Q(x,y)]
4. xy [P(x,y) Q(x,y)]

49

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75. x [ P(x) Q(x) ]

1. x [ P(x) Q(x) ]
2. x [ P(x) Q(x) ]
3. x [ P(x) Q(x) ]
4. x [ P(x) Q(x) ]
76. x y [ (x 3) (y 5) ]
1. x y [(x 3) (y 5)]
2. x y [(x 3) (y 5)]
3. x y [(x 3) (y 5)]
4. x y [(x 3) (y 5)]
77. xy [ (x + y = 5) (xy = 6) ]
1. xy [ ( xy = 6) (x + y = 5) ]
2. xy [ (x + y = 5) ( xy 6)]
3. xy [ ( xy = 6) (x + y = 5) ]
4. xy [ (x + y = 5) ( xy 6)]
78. xy [ (x + y = 8) ( x y = 1) ]
1. xy [ (x + y = 8) (x y = 1) ]
2. xy [ (x + y = 8) (x y 1) ]
3. xy [ (x + y = 8) (x y = 1) ]
4. xy [ (x + y = 8) (x y 1) ]
79. x y [ (xy = 0 x 0) (y = 0) ]
1. x y [(xy = 0 x = 0) (y 0)]
2. x y [(xy 0 x = 0) (y = 0) ]
3. x y [(xy = 0 x 0) (y 0)]
4. x y [(xy = 0 x = 0) (y = 0)]
80.
. x (x < 6) x [x 8] x [x 6] x [x 8]
. { x (x < 6) (x 8) } x x < 6 x < 8

1. . .
2. . .
3. . .
4. . .

50

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81. x x + 5 4
1. x x + 5 4
2. x x + 5 4
3. x x + 5 4
4. x x + 5 4
82. x x + 2 4
1. x x + 2 4
2. x x + 2 4
3. x x + 2 4
4. x x + 2 4

1.12
83. U = {1 , 0 , 1}

. xy [x + y > 3]
. xy [x + y > 2]
1. . .
2. . .
3. . .
4. . .
84. U = {1 , 0 , 1}

. xy [x + y = 1]
. xy [x + y = 5]
1. . .
2. . .
3. . .
4. . .
85.
. xy [ x + y = y + x ] U = { 0 , 1 }
. xy [ x + 3 = 2y ]
U = { 0 , 5 , 6 }
1. . .
2. . .
3. . .
4. . .

51

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86. U = {1 , 0 , 1}

. xy [ x y = 0 ]
. x y [ x + y = 1]
1. . .
2. . .
3. . .
4. . .
87. U = {1 , 0 , 1}

. xy [ x + y > 1 ]
. xy [ x + y = 1 ]
1. . .
2. . .
3. . .
4. . .
88. U

. x y [ x + y = 0 ]
. yx [ x + y = 0 ]
1. . .
2. . .
3. . .
4. . .

52

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1
1. 2.
5. 3.
9. 1.
13. 2.
17. 1.
21. 1.
25. 4.
29. 1.
34. 2.
38. 1.
42. 1.
46. 2.
50. 2.

2. 3.
6. 2.
10. 1.
14. 1.
18. 2.
22. 3.
26. 2.
30. 1.
35. 1.
39. 3.
43. 2.
47. 2.

3. 1.
7. 1.
11. 3.
15. 1.
19. 2.
23. 2.
27. 4.
32. 3.
36. 1.
40. 1.
44. 3.
48. 2.

53

4. 3.
8. 1.
12. 2.
16. 3.
20. 2.
24. 4.
28. 1.
33. 1.
37. 2.
41. 1.
45. 1.
49. 1.

http://www.pec9.com

1
1. 1.
5. 3.
9. 3.
13. 2.
17. 4.
21. 1.
25. 4.
30. 3.
34. 2.
38. 1.
42. 1.
46. 2.
50. 3.
54. 1.
58. 1.
62. 2.
66. 2.
70. 1.
75. 4.
79. 3.
83. 2.
87. 2.

2. 3.
6. 2.
10. 4.
14. 3.
18. 1.
22. 4.
26. 4.
31. 2.
35. 1.
39. 1.
43. 1.
47. 2.
51. 2.
55. 1.
59. 1.
63. 2.
67. 3.
71. 1.
76. 2.
80. 3.
84. 2.
88. 2.

3. 3.
7. 3.
11. 2.
15. 2.
19. 3.
23. 4.
27. 4.
32. 4.
36. 4.
40. 1.
44. 1.
48. 1.
52. 1.
56. 2.
60. 1.
64. 1.
68. 1.
73. 4.
77. 2.
81. 4.
85. 2.

54

4. 4.
8. 3.
12. 1.
16. 3.
20. 4.
24. 1.
28. 2.
33. 1.
37. 2.
41. 2.
45. 1.
49. 1.
53. 4.
57. 1.
61. 3.
65. 1.
69. 4.
74. 4.
78. 4.
82. 2.
86. 2.