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  • (B) A Solution That Shows Negative Deviation From Raoult's Law

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    This document discusses key concepts in vapor-liquid equilibrium including: 1) Dalton's law which states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual components. 2) Raoult's law which relates the vapor pressure of a component in a mixture to its mole fraction in the liquid phase. 3) Activity coefficients which are used to modify Raoult's law for non-ideal solutions showing positive or negative deviation from ideal behavior. 4) Various diagrams used to represent vapor-liquid equilibrium such as T-x-y, P-x-y diagrams.

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    This document discusses key concepts in vapor-liquid equilibrium including: 1) Dalton's law which states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual components. 2) Raoult's law which relates the vapor pressure of a component in a mixture to its mole fraction in the liquid phase. 3) Activity coefficients which are used to modify Raoult's law for non-ideal solutions showing positive or negative deviation from ideal behavior. 4) Various diagrams used to represent vapor-liquid equilibrium such as T-x-y, P-x-y diagrams.

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    15 views9 pages

    (B) A Solution That Shows Negative Deviation From Raoult's Law

    Uploaded by

    PRAVIN
    This document discusses key concepts in vapor-liquid equilibrium including: 1) Dalton's law which states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual components. 2) Raoult's law which relates the vapor pressure of a component in a mixture to its mole fraction in the liquid phase. 3) Activity coefficients which are used to modify Raoult's law for non-ideal solutions showing positive or negative deviation from ideal behavior. 4) Various diagrams used to represent vapor-liquid equilibrium such as T-x-y, P-x-y diagrams.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 9

    (b) a solution that shows negative deviation from

    Raoult's law.

    Daltons law

    Ptotal = p1+ p2
    Where,
    Ptotal -Total pressure
    p1 ,p2 -Partial pressure of component.

    Composition of liquid phase :


    x1= p1/ p10
    = partial pressure of component /vapour pressure of pure component

    Composition in gaseous phase :


    y 1= p1/ P

    = partial pressure of component /total pressure


    Raoults law becomes

    yiP=xiPisat (i=1,2,3..n)
    Where:
    yi = Vapor-phase mole fraction.
    xi = Liquid-phase mole fraction.
    Pi = Vapor pressure of pure species i at the T of the system.
    yi P = Partial pressure of species i.

    VLE by Modified Raoults Law

    yi P = xi i Pisat ( i= 1,2,..,N)
    Where
    i = Activity coefficient.

    T-x-y diagram/boiling point diagram

    Effect of varying pressure on equilibrium


    diagram

    P-x-y Diagram

    Fugacity: It is derived from Latin, expressed as


    fleetness or escaping tendency. It is used
    to study extensively phase and chemical reaction
    equilibrium.
    G = RT ln f +
    - Is an constant depends on temperature and nature
    of gas.
    fugacity has same units as pressure for an ideal gas.

    Activity coefficient equations

    Wohls three suffix equation


    Margules equation
    Van laar equation
    Wilson equation
    Non random two liquid (NRTL)equation
    Universal quasi chemical (UNIQUAC)equation
    Universal functional activity coefficient (UNIFAC)
    method

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