GSM VS CDMA

TECHNOLOGY
BY
TARUSH RASTOGI
 DEFINATION
 GSM  CDMA
o GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR o CODE DIVISION
MOBILE MULTIPLE ACCESS
COMMUNICATION o CDMA HAS ITS ROOT IN
o SET OF RULES PRE-WORLD WAR II IN
DEVELOPED BY AMERICA.IN 1995 CDMA
EUROPEAN WAS ,FOR THE FIRST
TELECOMMUNICATIONS TIME USED FOR MOBILE
STANDARD INSTITUTE COMMUNICATION IN
(ETSI) IN 1989. AND U.S.A.
OFFICIALLY LAUNCHED
IN 1992
 TECHNOLOGY USED
 GSM  CDMA
o GSM IS THE o CODE DIVISION
COMBINATION OF FDMA MULTIPLEX ACCESS
& TDMA
o IN FDMA THE SPECTRUM
o CODE DIVISION MEANS
ARE DIVIDED IN THE VOICE ANALOG
FREQUENCY SLOTS.EACH SIGNAL IS CONVERTED
USER GET ONE SLOT INTO ITS
THAT IS USED AT WILL CORRESPONDING
o IN TDMA THE DGITAL SIGNAL BUT
FREQUENCY BAND IS NOT THIS DIGITAL SIGNAL IS
PATITIONED BUT USER
ACCORDINGLY A
ARE ALLOWED TO USE IT
FOR A PRE DEFINED UNIQUE CODE
TIME AT ONE TIME ASSIGNED TO THAT
USER
 TECHNOLOGY USED
 GSM  CDMA

Time
Power
Power Time

Frequency
Frequency
FDMA & TDMA CDMA
 ARCHITECTURE OF GSM
Base Station
Network Subsystem
Mobile Station Subsystem Other Networks

PSTN
MSC/ GMSC
BSC VLR
BTS
ME
SIM
PLMN

EIR HLR AUC

Internet

+
SD

Note: Interfaces have been omitted for clarity purposes.

ARCHITECTURE OF CDMA
 FREQUENCY PATTERN
o DUE TO THE LIMITED SPECTRUM ALLOCATION & TO
FULLFILL THE DEMANDS THE FREQUENCY IS RE-
USED IN GSM THIS PHENONENON IS CALLED
FREQUENCY RE-USE PATTERN.BUT THE CELL USING
THE SAME FREQUENCY MUST BE SAPERATED BY AN
APPROPRRIATE DISTANCE.

o WHILE IN CDMA IT WORKS ON THE SPREAD

SPECTRUM TECHNIQUE WHICH MEANS THAT IT
SPREAD THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN A
PARTICULAR SIGNAL OF INTEREST OVER A MUCH
GREATER BANDWIDTH THAN THE ORIGINAL SIGNAL.
CELL STRUCTURE & FREQUENCY
ALLOCATION
 GSM  CDMA
 HAND OVER/ HAND OFF

o HAND OVER IS A PROCESS OF TRANSFERRING A

CALL FROM ONE CELL TO ANOTHER CELL. THIS IS
NECESSARY TO CONTINUE A CALL WHILE THE USER
IS MOVING.

o THIS IS NEEDED BECAUSE AS THE USER IS MOVING

HE MAY GET MUCH FAR FROM THE BTS TO WHICH IT
IS CONNECTED AND THE SIGNAL STRENGHT MAY BE
GET WEEK ENOUGH THAT CALL MAY DROP. SO
HANDOVER IS DONE TO AVOID CALL DROP, AND
THE USER GET CONNECTED TO NEW BTS WHICH
PROVIDE STRONG SIGNAL TO CONTINUE A CALL.
 HAND OVER / HAND OFF
 GSM  CDMA

o GSM USES A HARD o CDMA USES A SOFT

HANDOFF WHEN THE HANDOFF WHEN THE
MOBILE MOVES FROM MOBILE MOVE FROM ONE
ONE CELL SITE TO CELL SITE TO ANOTHER.A
ANOTHER.A HARD SOFT HANDOFF HAS A LESS
HANDOFF CAN INCREASE CHANCES OF THE CALL
THE CHANCES OF THE DROP DUE TO ITS MAKE
CALL DROP.A HARD BEFORE BREAK
HANDOFF REQUIRES THE PROCCESS.A SOFT HANDOFF
MOBILE TO BREAK THE REQUIRES THE MOBILE TO
CONNECTION WITH THE MAKE THE CONNECTION TO
OLD BTS PRIOR TO MAKE NEW BTS BEFORE
THE CONNECTION WITH BREAKING THE
THE NEW ONE. HARD CONNECTION WITH THE OLD
HANDOFF ARE ALSO BTS. SOFT HANDOFF IS ALSO
CALLED “BREAK BEFORE CALLED “MAKE BEFORE
MAKE” BREAK”
 HANDOVER/ HANDOFF
 GSM  CDMA
 SIGNAL RECEPTION
 GSM  CDMA

o WHEN THE SIGNALS o IN CDMA A RAKE

TRAVEL TO A MOBILE RECEIVER IS USED. IT IS
THROUGH DIFFERENT A MULTIPLE SIGNAL
PATH, IT WILL PICK THE RECEIVER.THE RAKE
1ST SIGNAL REACHED RECEIVER IDENTIFIES
TO IT, NO MATTER HOW THE THREE STRONGEST
WEAK THAT SIGNAL MULTI-PATH SIGNAL
IS.THUS LEAD TO CALL AND COMBINE THEM TO
DISTURBANCE, LOW PRODUCE ONE VERY
SPEECH, AND SOME STRONG SIGNAL. BOTH
TIME ECHO. MOBILE AND CELL SITE
USE A RAKE RECEIVER.
 SIGNAL RECEPTION
 GSM  CDMA
 POWER ADJUSMENT
 GSM  CDMA
o IN GSM SYSTEM MOBILE o IN CDMA THE POWER
TRANSMITS THE SIGNAL CONTROL FEATURE IS
STRENGTH AS PER
THE DISTANCE OF THE ENABLE. THIS
MOBILE FROM THE BTS. ENSURE THAT THE
MOBILE NEAR TO THE BTS RECEIVE ALL
BTS TRANSMIT A SIGNALS AT THE
STRONG SIGNAL WHILE
THE MOBILE FAR FROM APPROPRIATE
THE BTS TRANSMIS A POWER.
WEAK SIGNAL. THIS o BOTH FORWARD AND
WOULD INCREASE THE
REVERSE LINKS USE
CAPACITY OF THE
SYSTEM. POWER CONTROL
TECHNIQUES
 POWER ADJUSMENT
 GSM  CDMA
 ADVANTAGES
&DISADVANTAGES OF GSM
 ADVANTAGE:-
o GSM IS ALREADY USED WORLDWIDE WITH OVER 1
BILLION SUBSCRIBER.
o INTERNATIONAL ROAMING PERMITS SUBSCRIBERS
TO USE ONE PHONE.
o GSM IS MATURE,MATURITY MEANS A MORE STABLE
NETWORK.
o THE AVAILIBILITY OF SIM PROVIDE SECURE DATA
ENCRYPTION.
 DISADVANTAGES:-
o LESS SECURE NETWORK.
o EXTREAMLY LARGE NETWORK CREATE MORE
COMPLEX FOR FREQUENCY PLANNING.
 ADVANTAGES &
DISADVANTAGES OF CDMA
 ADVANTAGES:-
o INCREASED CELLULAR COMMUNICATIONS SECURITY.
o SIMULTANEOUS CONVERSATION.
o INCREASED EFFICIENCY.
o SMALLER PHONE.
o EXTREMDED REACH- BENIFICIAL TO RURAL USERS
SITUATED FAR FROM THE CELL.

 DISADVANTAGES:-
o CDMA IS RELATIVELY NEW, AND THE NETWORK IS
NOT AS MATURE AS GSM.
o CDMA CANNOT OFFER INTERNATIONAL ROAMING.
THANK YOU