Academic Vocabulary by Text Type

Cause/Effect: Academic
Vocabulary
Product

consequently

Aftermath

Outcomes

due to

By-product

Result

therefore

Reason

Stimulus

stimulate

Antecedent

Instigator

Consequences

catalyst

influences
influencing
essential

offshoot

alter

indicators

Sequencing: Academic
Vocabulary
Order

modify

Process

Progression

deconstruct

series

Arrangement

adaptation

therefore

Meanwhile

essential

Continuum

Cycle

variables

succession

Consequently

predecessor

respectively

primary

secondary

sequential

Compare/Contrast:
Academic Vocabulary
Commonalities - the state of

diversity

sharing features or attributes

efficiency

Similarities - the state of

resembling without being identical

Differences

Discern

as opposed to

Differentiate -

However -

Although

recognize or
ascertain what makes (someone or
something) different

used to
introduce a statement that
contrasts with or seems to
contradict something that has
been said previously

Similarly

as well as

Problem/Solution:
Academic Vocabulary
dilemma - any difficult or

function of

perplexing situation or
problem.
adaptation - something that is
changed or modified to suit
new conditions or needs

differ

relevant - connected with

the matter in hand

benefit -

an advantage or
profit gained from something

disadvantage -

an
unfavorable circumstance or
condition that reduces the
chances of success or
effectiveness

Description/
Characteristics:
Academic Vocabulary
appears

primitive

illustrates

attribute

relative

consists of

property
properties
respectively

variation

quality

relevant

visible

characterize

composed of

assortment

impaired

function

variation

specifications

Categorization/Classifica
tion:
classify
taxonomy
infer
inferences
purpose

Common to all text types

amend

quality
attribute

increase

decrease

maximize

minimize

generalize -

make
(something) more widespread
or common

cumulative

neighboring

synthesize

variables

optimal -

adjacent -

next to or
adjoining something else

implied

discourse -

incongruity

superlative

reasoning

connotation -

an idea or
feeling that a word invokes in
addition to its literal or primary
meaning

coherent
coherence

significance
significant
proficient

uniformity

efficient

best or most favorable

analyze -

examine
methodically and in detail

Student actions
synthesize

draw conclusions

elaborate

infer
inferences

amend

estimate