Heerema

Design of Offshore Structures

Cees Spaans
VP Technology
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Why do we go Offshore?

Offshore platforms are used for exploration of

Oil & Gas from the seabed and lately also for
wind energy
Near shore developments, Lake Maracaibo
beginning 1900
First significant offshore platform installed in
1947 off the coast Louisiana in around 6 m
water depth
Today over 7000 offshore platforms around the
world in water-depths up to 2000 m

Why do we go Offshore?

Offshore platforms are used for exploration of

Oil & Gas from the seabed and lately also for
wind energy
Near shore developments, Lake Maracaibo
beginning 1900
First significant offshore platform installed in
1947 off the coast Louisiana in around 6 m
water depth
Today over 7000 offshore platforms around the
world in water-depths up to 2000 m
Platform size depends among others on:

Amount of Oil & Gas to be processed

Complexity of the reservoir

Remoteness of the location

Living Q

Drilling

Topside

Jacket

Foundation

Developments over time

Oil finds near shore developments

Complex reservoirs: Heavy oil, H2S etc

Developments over time

Oil finds near shore developments

Complex reservoirs: Heavy oil, H2S etc
Drilling techniques

Developments over time

Oil finds near shore developments

Complex reservoirs: Heavy oil, H2S etc
Drilling techniques
Installation equipment

Developments over time

Oil finds near shore developments

Complex reservoirs: Heavy oil, H2S etc
Drilling techniques
Installation equipment
Safety

Developments over time

Oil finds near shore developments

Complex reservoirs: Heavy oil, H2S etc
Drilling techniques
Installation equipment
Safety
Deeper waters
Harsh environments

Type of Structures

Fixed Platform Structures

Tubular structure
Founded with open steel tubular piles
Water depth 30 200 m (max 400m)

Fixed Platform Structures

Tubular structure
Founded with open steel tubular piles
Water depth 30 200 m (max 400m)

Installed by Lifting or Launch or Selfinstalled

waves)

Fixed Platform Structures

Tubular structure
Founded with open steel tubular piles
Water depth 30 200 m (max 400m)

Installed by Lifting or Launch or Selfinstalled

Natural period << Wave period (high energy

waves)
Wave spectrum

period

Shell Bullwinkle jacket

Compliant towers

Tubular structure
Founded with open steel tubular piles
Water depth up to 600 m

Compliant towers

Tubular structure
Founded with open steel tubular piles
Water depth up to 600 m
Installed by Launch
Topside by Lifting or Float-over

Compliant towers

Tubular structure
Founded with open steel tubular piles
Water depth up to 600 m
Installed by Launch
Topside by Lifting or Float-over
Natural period >> Wave period (high energy
waves)
Deflections up to 3 m at deck level
Wave spectrum

period

Gravity Base

Primarily Concrete structures

Can be used for temporary oil storage

Gravity Base

Primarily Concrete structures

Can be used for temporary oil storage
Installation by Floating Topside by Float-over
Used for extreme conditions Arctic
Compared to others, Expensive
Natural period <<< Wave period

TLP (Tension Leg Platform)

Floating structure
Pre-tensioned to the foundation to reduce
movements
Sensitive to topside load fluctuations

TLP (Tension Leg Platform)

Floating structure
Pre-tensioned to the foundation to reduce
movements
Sensitive to topside load fluctuations
Water-depth up to 1500 m

Ursa TLP
1195 m

Eiffel Tower
300 m

TLP (Tension Leg Platform)

Floating structure
Pre-tensioned to the foundation to reduce
movements
Sensitive to topside load fluctuations
Water-depth up to 1500 m

Installed by Floating

TLP (Tension Leg Platform)

Floating structure
Pre-tensioned to the foundation to reduce
movements
Sensitive to topside load fluctuations
Water-depth up to 1500 m

Installed by Floating

Natural period >> Wave period

Wave spectrum

period

SPAR

Floating structure Dobber

Held in position by a Mooring
Water-depth up to 1500-2000 m

SPAR

Floating structure Dobber

Held in position by a Mooring
Water-depth up to 1500-2000 m

Installed by Launch and Floating

SPAR

Floating structure Dobber

Held in position by a Mooring
Water-depth up to 1500-2000 m

Installed by Launch and Floating

Natural period >> Wave period

Deflections up to 10-20 m at deck level

Wave spectrum

period

FPSO

Shipshape floating
Held in position by a Mooring
Used for processing and storage

Subsea development

Very deep water

Extreme environments
Can be less expensive than dry trees

Subsea development

Very deep water

Extreme environments
Can be less expensive than dry trees

Installation

So is the design always effective..?

Before

After

So is the design always effective..?

After
Before

So what do we do to prevent this?

Inplace conditions (ULS, ALS, FLS)

Deadweight and Live load

Environmental loads:

Wind

Waves
Extreme wave 1, 100, 10K
Fatigue spectra

Ice and Snow

Earth Q

So what do we do to prevent this?

Inplace conditions (ULS, ALS, FLS)

Deadweight and Live load

Environmental loads:

Wind

Waves
Extreme wave 1, 100, 10K
Fatigue spectra

Ice and Snow

Earth Q

Detailed design

So what do we do to prevent this?

Inplace conditions (ULS, ALS, FLS)

Deadweight and Live load

Environmental loads:

Wind

Waves
Extreme wave 1, 100, 10K
Fatigue spectra

Ice and Snow

Earth Q

Detailed design
Accidental loads

Blast Fire

Dropped Objects

Boat impact

Temporary conditions

Load-out

Transport

Installation

Removal

In place Strength
In place Fatigue
Accidental Boat impact
Temporary Lift and Transport

Dutch .achievements
Heerema Marine Contractors
HMC World Leader T&I Contractor
Fixed Platforms and
Facilities Development

Floating Facilities

Subsea Infrastructure
and Pipelines

Platform Removal and

Decommissioning

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Dutch .achievements!
Heerema Fabrication Group
HFG EPC Contractor
Engineering

Jackets

Topsides
Oil&Gas / Renewables

On-Shore facilities

Thank you

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