Tunnels

In ancient times tunnels were only used for

irrogation.Nowdays they are built primarily on techology
available and are used for trafic.
Underwater tunnels
The first tunnel under water was the Thames tunnel
built in 1843.It was built by Marc Brunel and Isambard
K. Who had to overcome certain difficulties.The Thames
tunnel is still used by the London Underground Railway
System today.
The Seikan tunnel is the worlds longest underwater rail
tunnel that runs between the islands of Hoshu and
Hokkaido in Japan.It is 55 km long and with minimum
depth of 84 meters below the seabed.
The Channel tunnel is a rail link between England and
France.It consists of 3 separate tunnels,2 for railway
lines and 1 for ventilation,access for service vehicles
and an escape route for passengers.
Rock tunnels are mainly used as railways or roadways
through mountains.Years ago we used
dynamite,nowdays we use enormous tunnel boring
machines sometimes called moles which can advance
about 76 m a day depending on type of rock and width
of tunnel. Mont Cenis tunnel in the Alps between France
and Italy was first major tunnel built through rock. It is
14 km long and it was built around the middle of 19th
century.Like most tunnels Mont Cenis was bored from 2
different headings,1 in France and 1 in Italy which met
in middle.