PERSONAL ASSIGNMENT 4

Session 8
(7213T-TP4S7-R1)
Due Date : 01 November 2015, 23:59:00

MATA KULIAH

IT NETWORK GOVERNANCE
DOSEN

Benfano Soewito, Ir., M.Sc., Ph.D

Johan Muliadi Kerta, S.Kom., M.M.

OLEH:
TINA TRI WULANSARI
1412409315

Program Pascasarjana Ilmu Komputer

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK INFORMATIKA JENJANG S2
UNIVERSITAS BINA NUSANTARA
JAKARTA
2015

Personal Assignment 4
Session 8
1. True or false: A router needs to have all its interfaces in Area 0 to be considered an OSPF
backbone router.
Jawab:
False. Sebuah router dengan satu atau lebih interface di Area 0 dianggap sebagai
backbone OSPF router.
2. True or false: OSPF IS uses a designated router in multi access networks.
Jawab:
True
3. Which multicast addresses do OSPFv2 routers use?
Jawab:
224.0.0.5 for ALLSPFRouters and 224.0.0.6 for ALLDRouters.
4. Which multicast addresses are used by OSPFv3 routers?
Jawab:
FF02::5 for ALLSPFRouters and FF02::6 for ALLDRouters.
5. What is the Cisco administrative distance of OSPF?
Jawab:
The administrative distance of OSPF is 110.
6. Which OSPFv2 router type generates the OSPF Type 3 LSA?
Jawab:
OSPF ABRs generate the Type 3 summary LSA for ABRs.
7. Which OSPFv2 router type generates the OSPF Type 2 LSA?
Jawab:
OSPF DRs generate Type 2 network LSAs.
8. What is included in an OSPFv2 router LSA?
Jawab:
Included are the routers links, interfaces, state of links, and cost.
9. True or false: The router with the lowest priority is selected as the OSPF DR
Jawab:
False. The router with the highest priority is selected as the OSPF designated router.
10. True or false: You use iBGP to exchange routes between different autonomous systems.
Jawab:

False. You use eBGP to exchange routes between different autonomous systems.
11. True or false: BGP Version 4 does not include support for CIDR, only OSPF and EIGRP do.
Jawab:
False. BGPv4 added support for classless interdomain routing (CIDR), which provides
the capability of forwarding packets based on IP prefixes only, with no concern for the
address class.
12. True or false: eBGP and iBGP redistribute automatically on a router if the BGP peers are
configured with the same autonomous system number.
Jawab:
True
13. eBGP routes have an administrative distance of ____, and iBGP routes have an administrative distance of ____.
Jawab:
20, 200
14. True or false: IGMP snooping and CGMP are methods to reduce the multicast traffic at
Layer 2.
Jawab:
True
15. True or false: PIM has a hop-count limit of 32.
Jawab:
False. PIM does not have a hop-count limit. DVMRP has a hop-count limit of 32.
16. True or false: PIM-SM routers use the multicast 224.0.0.13 address to request a
multicast group to the RP.
Jawab:
True
17. True or false: autonomous system path is the only attribute BGP uses to determine the
best path to the destination.
Jawab:
False. BGP uses several attributes in the BGP decision process.
18. List three IP routing protocols that use multicast addresses to communicate with their
neighbors.
Jawab:
RIPv2, OSPF, and EIGRP.
19. What IPv6 multicast address does EIGRP use for IPv6?
Jawab:

FF02::A
20. Match the routing protocol with the description:
i. EIGRP
ii. OSPFv2
iii. RIPv2
iv. BGP
a. Distance-vector protocol used in the edge of the network
b. IETF link-state protocol used in the network core
c. Hybrid protocol used in the network core
d. Path-vector protocol
Jawab:
i = C, ii = B, iii = A, iv = D
21. What is the default OSPF cost for a Fast Ethernet interface?
Jawab:
Cost is calculated as 108/ BW, and BW = 100 Mbps = 10bps for Fast Ethernet. Cost =108/
108= 1
22. Which routing protocol do you use in the core of a large enterprise network that
supports VLSMs for a network with a mix of Cisco and non-Cisco routers?
Jawab:
OSPF. Although RIPv2 and EIGRP support VLSMs, RIPv2 is no longer recommended.
EIGRP is not supported on non-Cisco routers.
23. What is the benefit of designing for stub areas?
Jawab:
You do not need to flood external LSAs into the stub area, which reduces LSA traffic.
24. What constraint does the OSPF network design have for traffic traveling between areas?
Jawab:
All traffic from one area must travel through Area 0 (the backbone) to get to another
area.
25. How is OSPFv3 identified as the upper-layer protocol in IPv6?
Jawab:
OSPFv3 is identified as IPv6 Next Header 89.

Tambahan penjelasan dari jawaban:

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) adalah sebuah protokol routing otomatis (Dynamic
Routing) yang mampu menjaga, mengatur dan mendistribusikan informasi routing antar
network mengikuti setiap perubahan jaringan secara dinamis. Pada OSPF dikenal sebuah

istilah Autonomus System (AS) yaitu sebuah gabungan dari beberapa jaringan yang sifatnya
routing dan memiliki kesamaan metode serta policy pengaturan network, yang semuanya
dapat dikendalikan oleh network administrator. Dan memang kebanyakan fitur ini
diguakan untuk management dalam skala jaringan yang sangat besar. Oleh karena itu
untuk mempermudah penambahan informasi routing dan meminimalisir kesalahan
distribusi informasi routing, maka OSPF bisa menjadi sebuah solusi.
OSPF termasuk di dalam kategori IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol) yang memiliki kemapuan
Link-State dan Alogaritma Djikstra yang jauh lebih efisien dibandingkan protokol IGP yang
lain. Dalam operasinya OSPF menggunakan protokol sendiri yaitu protokol 89.
Cara Kerja OSPF
Berikut adalah sedikit gambaran mengenai prinsip kerja dari OSPF:
a. Setiap router membuat Link State Packet (LSP)
b. Kemudian LSP didistribusikan ke semua neighbour menggunakan Link State
Advertisement (LSA) type 1 dan menentukan DR dan BDR dalam 1 Area.
c. Masing-masing router menghitung jalur terpendek (Shortest Path) ke semua neighbour
berdasarkan cost routing.
d. Jika ada perbedaan atau perubahan tabel routing, router akan mengirimkan LSP ke DR
dan BDR melalui alamat multicast 224.0.0.6
e. LSP akan didistribusikan oleh DR ke router neighbour lain dalam 1 area sehingga semua
router neighbour akan melakukan perhitungan ulang jalur terpendek.
Konfigurasi OSPF - Backbone Area
OPSF merupakan protokol routing yang menggunakan konsep hirarki routing, dengan kata
lain OSPF mampu membagi-bagi jaringan menjadi beberpa tingkatan. Tingakatan-tingkatan
ini diwujudkan dengan menggunakan sistem pengelompokan yaitu area.
OSPF memiliki beberapa tipe area diantaranya:
1. Bakcbone - Area 0 (Area ID 0.0.0.0) -> Bertanggung jawab mendistribusikan informasi
routing antara non-backbone area. Semua sub-Area HARUS terhubung dengan
backbone secara logikal.
2. Standart/Default Area -> Merupakan sub-Area dari Area 0. Area ini menerima LSA
intra-area dan inter-area dar ABR yang terhubung dengan area 0 (Backbone area).
3. Stub Area -> Area yang palinsg "ujung". Area ini tidak menerima advertise external
route (digantikan default area).
4. Not So Stubby Area -> Stub Area yang tidak menerima external route (digantikan
default route) dari area lain tetapi masih bisa mendapatkan external route dari router
yang masih dalam 1 area.

Referensi:
http://blog.ipspace.net/2008/01/ospf-default-route-based-on-ip-sla.html
http://mikrotik.co.id/artikel_lihat.php?id=154
http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/ip/ip-version-6-ipv6/112100-ospfv3config-guide.html
http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/iproute_ospf/configuration/xe3s/iro-xe-3s-book/iro-mode-ospfv2.html
http://www.pdfiles.com/pdf/files/English/IT_Certifications/CCDA_640864_Official_Certification_Guide.pdf
http://www.techrepublic.com/article/cisco-administration-101-know-the-basics-aboutripv2/