Unlike Standard Utility Power Transformers which have Vector groups following Clock-Hour

position 1 through 11 (with each hour representing 30 and each minute representing 0.5 of
clock circle) where phase displacements lead/lag in 30steps , Converter Transformers have
phase displacements which fall in intermediate clock-hour positions (like leading/lagging by
practically any angle30, 20, 15, 12, 10, 8.57, 7.5 etc.) based on the Converter Pulse number.

Vector groups of converter transformers are found in many different notations from the
manufacturers as below:

1. As per IEC61378, if the phase displacement of windings are different

from normal clock hours, the Vector group can be represented close to
nearest clock hour with +/- & symbol followed with angle difference
from that clock hour. Example for 20 leading phase shift of LV delta
from HV Wye of a Yd converter transformer is represented as vector
symbol Yd11 10. It means LV delta leads Wye by 11 Clock hour
plus 10, so phase displacement is -30+10= -20..............so on
2. Some nameplates represent the Vector group as close to nearest clock
hour followed by clock-minutes angle difference from that clock hour.
Example for 20 leading phase shift of LV delta from HV Wye of a Yd
converter transformer is represented as vector
symbol Yd11:20. It means LV delta leads Wye by 11 Clock hour plus 20
minutes, so phase displacement is -30+(20 x 0.5) = -20.......(one
minute = 1 = 0.5).......so on
3. Similarly some nameplates represent the Vector group as close to
nearest clock hour followed by fraction clock-hour angle difference
from that clock hour. Example for 22.5 leading phase shift of LV delta
from HV Wye of a Yd converter transformer is represented as vector
symbol Yd11.25. It means LV delta leads Wye by 11 Clock hour
plus 0.25 hour, so phase displacement is -30+(30 x 0.25) =
-22.5..........so on

Typical nameplates of multi-winding transformers are found as:

Dd11:20d0d0:40 for a four winding Dddd transformer with LV1 is

d11:20, LV2 is d0, LV3 is d0:40 and HV is D

Dd0.25d11.25d11.75d0.75

Zd11:15y0:15

Zy11:45d10:45

Zy00:15d11:15