Tiếp Cận PEPTIT Và Đồng Đẳng Hóa

1 Bin Son: MOD Bookgol Nht Trng - fb.com/NhatHoang.
YDS
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2 Bin Son: MOD Bookgol Nht Trng - fb.com/NhatHoang.YDS
Gii thiu ti liu:
y l tp ti liu mnh mun gi n cc bn hc sinh ang hc v

n tp v BI TON PEPTIT. Khng du g cc bn, khi trc mnh
l mt hc sinh trung bnh vi mn Ha, rt s gii dng BT ny,
thi gian tri dn, tch ly c mt s kinh nghim v nhng phng
php hay v hiu qu nn mnh khng cn ngi vi n na.
Di y mnh son ra chui 3 Phng Php mnh tm c cng

mt s kinh nghim trong cc bi tp vn dng truyn ti n cc
bn ni dung v cc bi ton PEPTIT.
Ring vi ng ng Ha(--H) l mt phng php x l peptit

kh l mi, mnh ngh ra trong lc lm mt bi ton hidrocacbon
kh hay! Nghe c v khng lin quan nhng thc ra trong bi ton
PEPTIT, n cng c th xem l mt im mnh trong vic x l dng
bi tp ny.
Cc bn hy ch v theo di k cng v nm bt tht tt kin thc

c th chinh phc c bi ton PEPTIT trong thi H nh !
Bookgol.com
y l tp peptit bn I-2015, c s gp ca cc thy c, anh ch ,

mnh s ti bn 1* vi nhng chnh sa li v ni dung ph hp vi xu
hng hin ti . Ni dung s c gi nguyn li.
Trng ngng ha: Khc phc li bin lun v gp thm nhng dng
bi mi gip bn m rng t duy hn v n !
ng ng ha: Nhn c nhiu phn hi tt t mi ngi nn mnh s gi

nguyn cu trc v thm vo l phn phn tch thm cc cu hi bi tp v hay
v kh !
V ha hn vi cc bn 1 iu rng ! Nu bn no ang Lo Ngi v dng ESTEPEPTIT ; Dng bi peptit c cha Glutamic hay Lysin th hy ng lo !
Bn ng ng Ha 2.0 s c pht hnh ngay sau khi mnh hon thin n tht
hon ho gi n cc bn !
G00DLUCK !
Phn I: Gii thiu chung v PEPTIT

Phn II: i nt chung v cc Phng Php TipCn
Trng ngng ha
To lp IPEPTIT
ng ngHa (--H)
Phn III: M rng tng s dng --H Hu C cng Bi Tp Nng
cao
PhnIV: Bi tp t luyn
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CHUYN : PEPTIT & CC PHNG PHP TIP CNGII THIU V PHNG PHP NG NG HA

PHN MT : Gii thiu chung v PEPTIT
I) Khi nim v phn loi
1. Khi nim.
- Lin kt ca nhm CO v nhm NH gia hai n v -amino axit, c gi l lin kt
peptit.
NH2 H2C CO NH CH2 COOH
V d: Gly Gly :
LKpeptit
-Peptit l nhng hp cht hu c c cha t 2 n 50 gc -amino axit lin kt vi nhau

bng lin kt peptit.
*Hc v peptit, cc nh ngha c bn trn chc hn cc bn u r c, nhng
mnh vn s nu r v c cc im lu v cc nh ngha trn:
+Th nht: -aminoaxit l cc aminoaxit c nhm NH2 lin kt vi C
v tr .
Nhc li th t v tr C trong aminoaxit:
...C C C C C C COOH
+Th hai: C 5 -amino axit thng gp v bt buc phi nh , l:

Tn gi
Glyxin
Alanin
Cng thc
phn t
C2H5O2N
C3H7O2N
Tn gi tt
KLPT
Gly
Ala
75
89
Bookgol.com

Valin
Lysin
Axit Glutamic
C5H11O2N
C6H14O2N2
C5H9O4N
Val
Lys
Glu
117
146
147
+ Th ba: Cc dng bi tp trong i Hc v cc thi th u ch

yu khai thc
v 3 cht tiu biu l: Gly, Ala v Val. Cc bn phi c bit
lu im ny !
2. Phn loi
- Da vo s lin kt v s mt xch ngi ta chia peptit ra lm 2 loi:
+ Oligopeptit: Gm cc peptit c t 2 n10 gc -amino axit.
+ Polipeptit: Gm cc peptit c t 11 n 50 gc -amino axit.
II: Tnh cht vt l v tnh cht ha hc c bn.
1. Tnh cht vt l: Cc peptit thng trng thi rn, c nhit nng chy cao
v d tan trong nc. ( Do lin kt CO-NH l lin kt ion)
2. Tnh cht ha hc:
- Tnh cht c trng ca Peptit l thy phn c trong mi trng kim v
mi trng axit. C th ni hai tnh cht ny to nn kh nhiu tnh hung
bi tp th v v hay cho dng bi Thy Phn PEPTIT ( s c phn sau ).
Thy phn hon ton:

**Trong mi trng axit
V d:
, to
Gly-Gly-Gly + 2H2O H
3Gly
, to
*Tng qut:
Xn + (n-1) H2O H
nX
** Trong mi trng axit v c un nng
V d:
NH2 CH2 CO NH CH(CH3) COOH + H2O + 2HCl
to
Cl-NH3+ CH2 COOH + CH3 CH(NH3+Cl-) COOH
Bookgol.com

to
*Tng qut: Xn + (n-1)H2O + nHCl
nR-CH(NH3+Cl-)
COOH
(!) Ch : Thc cht, phn ng thy phn peptit trong mi trng axit v c un
, to
nng xy ra theo trnh t :
Xn + (n-1) H2O H
n R-CH(NH2)COOH
nR-CH(NH2)-COOH + nHCl nR-CH(NH3+Cl-)-COOH
**Trong mi trng kim

Trong mi trng kim (V d NaOH, KOH,...) sau khi thy phn ra cc mt xch, chc
-COOH trong cc -amino axit tc dng vi kim to thnh sn phm l mui, ch khng
cn l bn cht -amino axit nh ban u.
V d: Gly-Ala + 2NaOH Mui(ca Gly v Ala) + H2O
NH2 CH2 CO NH CH(CH3) COOH + 2NaOH
to
NH2 CH2 COONa + CH3 CH(NH2) COONa + H2O
to
*Tng qut: Xn + nNaOH
nR-CH(NH2)-COONa + H2O
Thy phn khng hon ton:

V d:
, to
Gly-Ala-Ala-Gly + 3H2O H
Gly-Ala + Ala-Gly
, to
*Tng qut:An-Bm. + (n+m-1)H2O H
An + Bm
- Ngoi ra i vi cc peptit c t 2 lin kt peptit tr ln c th tham gia phn

ng mu Biure( Phn ng to mu tm c trng vi Cu(OH)2/OH-.
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PHN HAI: Gii thiu v dng bi tp PEPTIT

Cc phng php c bit gii cc dng bi tp hay v
kh !
Nh chng ta bit, PEPTIT v ang lm ma lm gi trong cc thi i Hc
cng nh cc thi th hin nay. Theo mc bi tp lin quan n PEPTIT thng
cp, ta c 2 mng bi tp chnh:
+ Mc vn dng l thuyt, x l linh hot
+ Mc vn dng cao v l thuyt, k nng v x l cc dng bi phc tp v
gi tr
phn ny, mnh s dn ra cho cc bn v dng th 2, cng l dng hay v kh nht ,

ring dng 1, cc bn c th tham kho k hn trong sch gio khoa hoc cc sch bi
tp c bn.
Trong nm 2015, mnh tham kho c mt s Phng php hay v kh c bit
tip cn dng bi tp Peptit ny, mnh s trnh by ngn gn v xc tch nht c th
cc bn c th hiu v nm bt c v cng tm ra u-nhc im ring ca chng
Trong tng phng php mnh s phn tch v a ra cc v d minh ha, song song
vi mt v d s l mt bi tp t luyn nng cao tng t i km (BTNC), mnh mun
cc bn t m rng t duy hn, cn suy ngh v bt tay thc hin tht tt !
Bookgol.com

*****
PHNG PHP 1:GP CHUI PEPTIT BNG CCH
TRNG NGNG HA
Phng php ny c m rng v bit n trong H-kB2014, nm n c xem l cu
kh nht ca b .
Thc s nh vy nhng khi ngi ta bit n PP gp chui th mi chuyn dng nh kh

d dng. iu g khin n c bit n vy?
Liu Phng php ny c r rng v chun xc khng? Mnh s trnh by v gii thch
c s ca phng php ny cho mi ngi cng tham kho.
+ phn nh ngha tr.1 mnh nu, Lin kt peptit c to thnh khi ct 1H trong NH2 v 1-OH trong COOH lin kt CO NH (lin kt peptit),
ng thi gii phng 1-H2O
H NH- + -CO OH -NH CO - + H2O
(C 1 lin kt peptit c hnh thnh s gii phng 1 phn t H2O)
+ im c bit l trong phn t peptit u v ui ca mi chui vn cn tn ti
1 gc NH2 v 1 gc COOH , nn vi nhiu chui peptit khc nhau, ta c th trng
ngng ha chng ( trn s gi nh) to thnh mt chui Peptit hon chnh
V d 1: Cho hai chui peptit: ipeptit X2 : Gly-Ala v tripeptit Y3: Ala-Val-Ala , hy

trng ngng ha chng theo cc t l mol sau:
Hng dn gii
+ T l mol 1 : 1
Trng ngng: X 2
Y3
X 2 Y3
H 2O
Bookgol.com

Gly - Ala - Ala - Val - Ala H 2 O
PTTN : Gly - Ala Ala - Val - Ala
+T l mol 2 : 1
Trng ngng:
2X 2
Y3
X 2 X 2 Y3
2H 2 O
Gly - Ala - Gly - Ala - Ala - Val - Ala 2H 2 O

PT: 2Gly - Ala Ala - Val - Ala
V d 2: Hn hp X gm 3 peptit u mch h c t l mol tng ng l 1:1:3. Thy

phn hon ton m gam X thu c hn hp sn phm gm 0,16 mol Alanin v 0,07 mol
Valin. Bit tng s lin kt ca ba peptit trong X nh hn 13. Tm m.
A.18,47
B.19,19
C.18,83
D.20
(Trch tuyn sinh HKB-2014)
p n B
Hng dn gii
Theo phng php nu, ta c qu trnh gp chui peptit sau:
Gi s trong X l 3 peptit A,B,C c t l mol 1:1:3
[A-
B
-
C -
C
- C]
+ 4H2O
A + B + 3C
Thy phn X cng nh thy phn (E+4H2O)

Ala 0,16 16
Val 0,07 7
(Gly Ala ) (16 7)k 23k =[S mc xch]
(Gly Ala ) (16 7)k 23k = [S mt xch]
Vi k=1. Ta c ngay [S mt xch] = 23
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PT thy phn: E 22H2O

E
4H2O
16Ala 7 Val
18H2O
16Ala 7 Val
0,18mol 0,16 mol 0,07mol
Chc chn cc bn s thc mc ti sao k=1 , m khng xt k=2. Mnh s gii trnh nh
sau, trong thi i Hc, h s k s khng qu ln, nu cc bn khng c nhiu thi
gian th c th k=1;2;.. th s ra rt nhanh! Cn vi thi t lun, chng ta nn bin lun
cht ch nh sau, tuy mt cht thi gian nhng nu ta bit th mi chuyn s rt d dng.
Ta c cch bin lun sau:
Gi s:
+X c 12mx , Y v Z c 2mx kmin
+X v Y c 2mx, Z c 12mx kmax
1.12 (1 3).2 23k (1 1).2 3.12 0,87 k 1,7 k 1
Cch bin lun nh trn c gi l: Gi lp to k- Cc bn ch !

V d 3: Thy phn hon ton m gam hn hp 3 peptit X, Y, Z c t l mol ln lt l
2:3:5 thu c 60 gam glyxin, 80.1 gam alanin v 117 gam valin. Bit tng s lin kt
peptit trong X, Y v Z l 6 v s lin kt mi peptit l khc nhau. Tnh gi tr ca m
A.226,5
B.257,1
C.255,4
D.176,5
(Trch thi th THPT Qunh Lu- Ngh An 2015)

p n A
Hng dn gii
Gly : 0,8mol
X
Y tpht
Ala : 0,9 mol G : A : V 8 : 9 : 10

Z
Val : 1mol
mx 27 k
Bookgol.com

Vi tng s lin kt l 6, s lin kt trong mi peptit l khc nhau:
X : 1lk
+GS Y : 2lk
mx
max
(1 1) * 2 (2 1) * 3 (3 1) * 5 27 k k 1,2 k 1
lk
Z :3
Vi bi ny, khng cn xt n Kmin chng ta c th c nh c gi tr ca k

E 9H 2 O
+Trng ngng ha: 2X 3Y 5Z
[ E 9H 2O] 17 H 2O
8Gly 9 Ala 10Val m mGly, Ala,Val 1,7.H 2O 226 ,5 gam
V d 4: Thy phn hon ton m gam hn hp A gm peptit X v peptit Y (c trn

theo t l mol 4:1) thu c 30 gam glyxin; 71,2 gam alanin v 70,2 gam valin. Bit
tng s lin kt peptit c trong 2 phn t X v Y l 7. Gi tr nh nht ca m c th l:
A. 145.
B. 146,8.
C. 151,6.
D. 155.
p n A
Hng dn gii
Gly : 0,4 mol

X tpht
Ala : 0,8mol G : A : V 2 : 4 : 3
Y
Val : 0,6 mol
Gi s:
Gi s:
X : 6 lk
Y : 1lk
X : 1lk
Y : 6 lk
mx 9k
mx
max
(6 1).4 (1 1).1 30 9k k 3
mx
min
(1 1).4 (6 1).1 15 9k k 2
; 3
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E 4H 2 O
+Trng ngng ha: 4X Y
[ E 4 H 2O] (9k 4 1) H 2O
2kGly 4kAla 3kVal
*Nhn thy vi k cng ln, lng H2O tham gia p cng nhiu nn mmin th lng H2O
phi ln nht. Tc k = 3 *
mmin mGly, Ala,Val m22 H 2O 145 gam
V d 5: t chy mt lng peptit X c to bi t mt loi a-aminoaxit no cha 1

nhm NH2 v 1 nhm COOH cn dng 0,675 mol O2, thu c N2; H2O v 0,5 mol
CO2. un nng m gam hn hp E cha 3 peptit X, Y, Z u mch h c t l mol tng
ng 1 : 4 : 2 vi 450 ml dung dch NaOH 1M (va ), c cn dug dch sau phn ng thu
c 48,27 gam hn hp ch cha 2 mui. Bit tng s lin kt peptit trong E bng 16.
Gi tr m l
A. 30,63 gam
B. 36,03 gam
C. 32,12 gam
D. 31,53 gam
p n D
Hng dn gii:
*Ch : Vi dng bi ton t chy peptit, ta c lng O2 cn dng t chy chui
peptit ng bng lng O2 cn dng t chy lng mt xch tng ng cu to nn
peptit .
*Chng ta c th t ra cu hi: Ti sao nh vy ? Sau y mnh s tr li cho cc
bn :
PEPTIT An c cu to t cc mt xch X theo Phn ng trng ngng sau:
X
X
...X
An
(n 1)H 2 O
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A n n.X (1 n )
H 2O
to
X O 2
An O
CO 2 H 2 O
2 CO 2 H 2 O
mol
H 2O
a
mol
to
Vy ! Ta c iu cn chng minh !
*Tin hnh gii:

+X cu to t -aminoaxit: CnH2n+1O2N - t X cng nh t mt xch, ta c:
mol
mol
0,675
0,5
C n H 2n 1O 2 N (1,5n 0,75)O 2
nCO 2 (n 0.5)H 2 O 0.5N 2 n 5 Valin
48,27
Gly
107,267 hh c :
(v Mmui Gly=97)
0,45
Val
0 , 34
M mui
mol
0 ,11mol
Gly : Val 34 : 11
mx 45k
X : 1lk
+Gi s:
Z : 1lk
Y : 14
mx
max
2.1 2.2 15 .4 66 45 k k 1,47 k 1
lk
0,34 mol
Gly
+Trng ngng ha: X 4Y 2Z
E 6H 2 O
Val
tpht
0,11mol
[ E 6H 2O] 38H 2O
34Gly 11Val m mGly ,Val mH2O 31,53gam
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BTNC: Hn hp M gm peptit X, peptit Y v peptit Z chng cu to t cng mt loi

*****
amino axit v c tng s nhm CO-NH- trong ba phn t l 11. Vi t l nX : nY :
nZ = 4 : 6 : 9, thy phn hon ton m gam M thu c 72 gam glyxin; 56,96 gam
alanin v 252,72 gam Valin. Gi tr ca m v loi peptit Z l
A. 283,76 v hexapeptit
B. 283,76 v tetrapeptit
C. 327,68 v tetrapeptit
D. 327,68 v hexapeptit
p n: D
*****
PHNG PHP 2: X L HN HP PEPTIT BNG
TO LP IPEPTIT
y l mt phng php kh l mnh x l peptit m mnh hc c trn trang
moon.vn. Ngi a ra tng pht trin phng php ny l anh Phm Hng Vng
(MOD ca moon.vn).
Khi bt tay vo gii BT peptit, cc bn hn s chng vi nhng bi tp dng nh phi

bin lun, suy ngh rt khng to ra mt bi gii ng, chun v hp l. Nhng khi hc
IPEPTIT, bn c th tm thy c nhng con ng dn n mu cht gii bi ton
cc k hay v n gin m khng phi bin lun qu phc tp. y cng chnh l iu m
A.Vng mun gip chng ta tip cn gn hn vi PEPTIT bng PP IPEPTIT.
Cc bn nn ch mt im, thc ra gii bi ton peptit khng nn c nh mt

phng php no c, v th s rt my mc, do cc bn nn hc v nm r phng
php IPEPTIT hiu su v rng hn v dng bi PEPTIT t chn ra cch ti u
ha hng tip cn ca bn thn.
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*Ta quy c k hiu nh sau:

+ipeptit X
: X2
Tng qut:
+ Chui peptit X c n mt xch : Xn
1
X 1H2 O 2X1
Ta c cc PT thy phn X2 v Xn: 2
Xn n 1 H 2O nX1 2
Nhn hai v ca (1) vi n v nhn hai v ca (2) vi 2. Ta c

nX2 + nH2O
2nX1
2Xn + 2(n-1)H2O 2nX1
nX2+nH2O = 2Xn + 2(n-1)H2O
2Xn n 2 H 2O nX 2
im li th khi ta quy v IPEPTIT:

+ ipeptit c Cng thc tng qut l: CnH2nO2N3
X l cc dng bi tp rt linh hot, nht l i vi bi ton t
chy (n CO2 n H 2O )
+ Rt d tip cn cc dng bi lin quan n hn hp peptit c to thnh t
cc mt xch
-amino axit no, mch h, gm 1 nhm NH2 v 1 nhm COOH.
tm hiu v hc hi su hn v IPPEPTIT, cc bn c th truy cp link:

http://moon.vn/ThongBao1/ThongBao1.aspx?NewsID=4364&MenuId=322
Trong link ny c VIDEO bi ging cng bi tp nh km rt hay ! Cc bn ch theo
di !
3. V d minh ha
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V d 1: X l 1-amino axit , vi m gam X ngi ta iu ch ra m1 gam ipeptit X2.

T 2m gam X li iu ch c m2 gam tripeptit X3.Mt khc, t chy hon ton m1
gam X2 thu c 0,24 mol H2O, t chy hon ton m2 gam X3 th thu c 0,44 mol
H2O. Gi tr ca m gn nht vi :
A.9,01 gam
p n A
B.8,05 gam
C.10,00 gam
D.9,65 gam
Hng dn gii
Theo li x l ipeptit, quy c hai qu trnh u l m gam X.
PT: m (gam)
2X1
1H2O
X2
m (gam)
3X1
2H2O
X3
* 2X3 + ( 3 2 = 1 ) H2O
3X2
(0,24-0,22=0,02 mol)
O2
0,24 mol H2O
O2
0,22 mol H2O
0,06mol nX1=0,12 mol
O2
*[0,12 mol] 2X1
0, 24mol H2O 1H2O 0, 06mol
0,3mol
+Trong X c SH =
0,3* 2
5 X1 l Gly
0,12
m=0,12*75 = 9 gam A
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V d 2: X l 1-amino axit , vi m gam X ngi ta iu ch ra m1 gam ipeptit X2.

T 2m gam X li iu ch c m2 gam tripeptit X3.Mt khc, t chy hon ton m1
gam X2 thu c 0,24 mol H2O, t chy hon ton m2 gam X3 th thu c 0,44 mol
H2O. Gi tr ca m gn nht vi :
A.9,01 gam
B.8,05 gam
C.10,00 gam
D.9,65 gam
p n A
Hng dn gii
Theo li x l ipeptit, quy c hai qu trnh u l m gam X.
PT: m (gam)
2X1
1H2O
X2
m (gam)
3X1
2H2O
X3
* 2X3 + ( 3 2 = 1 ) H2O
3X2
mol
(0,24-0,22=0,02 )
O2
0,24 mol H2O
O2
0,22 mol H2O
0,06mol nX1=0,12 mol
O2
*[0,12 mol] 2X1
0, 24mol H2O 1H2O 0, 06mol
0,3mol
+Trong X c SH =
0,3* 2
5 X1 l Gly
0,12
m=0,12*75 = 9 gam
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V d 3: Hn hp A gm 3 peptit X, Y, Z (MX < MY < MZ) c t l mol tng ng l

2:15:7 c cu to t gly, ala v val v mX = 51,819%mA. Thy phn m gam hn hp
A trong 400ml NaOH 1,66M va thu c dung dch X cha 3 mui, trong c
0,128mol mui ca alanin. Mt khc nu t chy ht m gam H trong khng kh (va
)) thu c CO2 v H2O c tng khi lng l (2m+3,192) gam v 7,364 mol kh
N2. Nu cho Z tc dng vi dung dch HCl d th khi lng mui c phn t khi nh
nht thu c l:
A.5,352 gam
B.1,784 gam
C.3,568 gam
D.7,316 gam
p n A
Hng dn gii
*Ch : y l dng bi tp Hay v Kh. Khai thc s linh hot nhy bn v k
nng s dng linh hot phi hp gia L-BTNT ,To lp IPEPTIT v k nng sot
nghim bng table.
*Gii: Gi chung hn hp peptit l An, ta quy v ipeptit A2: CnH2nN2O3
a
CO 2
mol
C n H 2n N 2O3 O 2
H
2O
N2
0,332 mol N 2
trong IPEPTIT
7,032 mol N 2
trong KK
a mol
n O2
7,032
1,578 mol
4
+BT Oxi: 0,332.3 1,758.2 2a a a 1,504mol

+ m C n H 2 n N 2O3 14 a 0,332 .( N 2 O3 ) 46,288
+BTKL khi t An: m 1,758.32 (2m 3,192) 0,332.28 m 43,768 gam
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2A n
(n 2)H 2 O
nA 2
43,768 gam
24 a
mol
MX
46,288 gam
0,332
mol
m H 2O 2,52 gam ~ 0,14 mol
n 83
24
a 0,008 mol
0,51819 m
189 X : Gly 3 ; Gi s Y c a mt xch ; Z c b mt xch
7,5a
Gly 3 : 0,12 mol
0,056a 0,016b 0,664 0,12.3
a4
; hay A gm: Y4 : 0,056 mol
b5
Z 5 : 0,016 mol
Mt khc, tnh nhanh ta c s mol cc mt xch ln lt l: Gly

,
0,52
mol
Ala
,
0,128mol
Val
;
0, 016mol
+Gi s Y c n gly; Z c m Gly:
0, 056m 0, 016n 0,52 0,12*3 m 2; n 3

KL mui cn tm l: 0,016.3.(75+36,5) = 5,352 gam
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PHNG PHP 3: NG NG HA
Trong bi ton HU C
***Trc khi i vo Bi ton PEPTIT, mnh s trnh by cho cc bn hiu --H l g?

N c c s nh th no? Nhng bo tp lin quan n n ? Nhng hn ch v nhng u
im m n mang li ? ***
--H
y l mt phng php theo mnh kh l hay v linh hot trong vic x l dng ton
Hu c, mi xut hin trong nm 2015 do bn Nht Trng(SV H Y DC HCM )
son ra. Tuy c s ca n l mt phng php khng h mi, nhng pht trin su rng
cc vn ca n mang li c th gip ch rt nhiu cho cc bn hc sinh yu thch b
mn HA HC.
Cc bn bit nh ngha v ng ng , cc cht thuc cng mt dy ng ng

c tnh cht tng t Ti sao gi l ng ng ha? Cu tn ng ng ha c t
ra do c s ca n, vi mt chui cc cht phc tp, gm 5-10-,... Rt nhiu cc cht
khc nhau v cng dy ng ng, nu theo l thuyt th ta phi tnh c th khi lng
tng phn t trong hn hp v bt u tnh ton, nhng khi ta --H hn hp, ct ton
b CH2 ca cc cht Ln thnh cc phn t trong dy ng ng c KLPT Nh hn
th ch cn li 2 cht m thi ( l cht Nh v CH2.
Bookgol.com

Chng ta s i xt cc trng hp c bn m --H c th nh hng.
Chui cc dy NG
NG n gin
Phn tch s b
NG NG HA
CH 4 , C2 H 6 , C4 H10 ,
Ankan
CH 4 , CH 2
C6 H14 ,...Cn H 2 n2
C2 H 4 , C3H 6 ,
Anken
C2 H 4 , CH 2
CH 2
C6 H12,...Cn H 2n
C3H 4 , C4 H 6 ,...Cn H 2n 2
Ankin
(Khng cha C2H2)
C3H 4 , CH 2
Cn H 2n (n 2) ;Cm H 2m 2 (m3) ;
Ankan,Anken,Ankin
CH 4 , C2 H 4 , C3H 4 , CH 2
Ck H 2k 2 (k 1)
HCOOH,CH3COOH,
...Cn H 2n 1COOH
HCOOCH 3 ,
...Cn H 2 n 1COOCm H 2 m 1
HCHO, CH 3CHO,
...Cn H 2 n 1CHO
Gly, Ala,Val ,
...NH 2Cn H 2 nCOOH
(khng cha C2H2)

Axit no, n chc,
mch h
HCOOH
CH 2
Este no, n chc,

mch h
HCOOCH 3
CH 2
Andehit no, n chc,

mch h, c cha
HCHO
HCHO
CH 3CHO, CH 2
Amino axxit no,

n chc, mch h,
1-COOH;1-NH2
Gly
CH 2
Bookgol.com

Gly Gly Ala,
Ala Ala Ala Val
( t 4)
k 1
,...Ct H 2t 2 k N k O
Peptit to bi cc mt
xch amino axxit no,
n chc, mch h,
1-COOH;1-NH2
(Gly Gly .... Gly) k

CH 2
*Vn cn nhiu trng hp khc trong Hu c m c th nhn nhn c

vn bng --H.
Tuy nhin mnh xin Lu vi cc bn rng mun s dng c hiu qu
--H, ta nn hiu bn cht bi ton v p dng cc cch gii tht hiu
qu, khng nht thit bi ny chng ta gii mt cch th bi sau chng ta
cng c th p dng tng t! Khng ! Nht quyt cc bn phi linh hot,
nhanh nhn trong vic t duy gii Ha.
* Ngoi ra, trong vic x l cc bi tp hu c chc nhm chc, ta c th x
l chng theo cc cch thc c bit tng t nh --H
+Ct nhm chc ( -COO; -COOH; -CHO;...)
+Ct cc nhm c bit trong bi ton t chy ( H-O-H
[H2O] ; -COO[CO2] ,...)
+Ct thnh phn nguyn t(CH, C, H, H2O, CO2, CO, ...)
*****
Bookgol.com
--H & BI TON PEPTIT

PP ny ly nn tng t vic ct ni chui peptit bin mt chui phc tp cc peptit
thnh 1 chui peptit cc k n gin v d x l .
phn v d, cc bn hy theo di tht k bi v cch dn dt vn c mnh vo
--H th mnh tin chc cc bn s nm r n rt nhanh !
c th bit c Phng php ny mnh nh th no!

C sc lan rng n nhng dng bi no ? Mnh s phn tch su, v nu r c s cc
bn c th hiu mt cch chi tit nht !
+ Nh mnh cp PHN MT v c lu rng, trong H cng nh cc
thi th, hu nh cc bi ton v PEPTIT u khai thc vo 3 cht ch yu l Glyxin,
Alanin v Valin.
+im chung ca 3 cht trn l: u cng thuc 1 dy ng ng ca Gly( aminoaxit no, mch h, 1 nhm NH2, 1 nhm COOH)
Gly Gly
Da vo im chung , ta c cc php tch sau: Ala Gly 1CH 2

Val Gly 3CH
2
Vi chui peptit to t Gly, Ala, Val,... ( cc -aminoaxit no, mch h, 1 nhm NH2, 1
nhm COOH) th ta hon ton c th ct nhm CH2 ra khi mch to ra chui peptit
ch c mt xch Gly.
+Xy dng cng thc tng qut:
*Chui peptit c k mt xch Gly:
k
Gly
C2 H5O2 N k k 1 H2 O
C2k H3k 2 Ok 1 N k (C2 H3ON)k .H2 O

CTTQ : (C 2 H 3ON) k .H 2 O
Cc cng thc tnh c bn dng trong --H:

mol
Gly
mol
(C2 H3ON) k .H 2 O : a
C2 H 5O 2 N : x a.k
tpht
Ta c: peptit
(k l h s mt xch)
mol
mol
CH 2 : y
CH 2 : y
Bookgol.com
x
+Khi lng peptit: m 57x 18a 14y 57x 18 14y
k
+t chy hon ton peptit cng nh t chy hon ton cc mt xch, cn lng
O2 l:
2,25O 2
C2 H5 O 2 N
CO 2 H 2 O
n O2 2, 25x 1,5y hay n O/O2 4,5x 3y
1,5O 2
CH 2 CO 2 H 2 O
+ Khi thnh thc phng php, chng ta s t suy ra cc cng thc

tnh ring cho bn thn , cc k nhanh v hiu qu ! y l mt trong
nhng th mnh ca phng php !
+Vi cc v d , mnh s a ra nhng iu lu cho cc bn v phng php
ny
Lu vi cc bn rng --H khng ch p dng trong cc bi ton peptit, m bt k
bi ton hu c no lin quan n Dy ng ng cng vi s linh hot kho lo ca
mi ngi m ta s bit cch ng dng n nh th no tht hiu qu, vn ny mnh s
trnh by cc v d lin quan.
Vi cc bi tp peptit, cc bn hn rt s hi, c bn b lun c phn ny v s Kh,
kh nht l phn Bin lun, mnh mong rng khi bit n --H cc bn s b i nhng
suy ngh trn v chinh phc c cu PEPTIT trong thi H.
*Lu : Cc bn c ngh rng i vi cc -aminoaxit nh Lys v Glu c th --H a
chng v Gly c khng nh? Cc bn hy suy ngh v iu ny trong phn --H mnh
nu v cu tr li ca mnh chc chn l .... !!!
Cc bn on xem nh
Bookgol.com
V d 1( minh ha BGD-2015): un nng 0,16 mol hn hp E gm hai peptit X

( CxHyOzN6) v Y(CnHmO6Nt) cn dng 600ml dung dch NaOH1,5M ch thu c
dung dch cha a mol mui ca glyxin v b mol mui ca alanin. Mt khc t chy
30,73 gam E trong O2 va thu c CO2, H2O v N2, trong tng khi lng ca
CO2 v nc l 69,31 gam. Gi tr a:b gn nht vi:
A.0,730
B.0,810
C.0,756
D.0,962
Hng dn gii:
Ta b hn d kin 2 peptit X,Y, ta lm trc tip nh sau:
Peptit Gly : C 2k H 3k 2O k 1N k (0,16mol)

(K l h s
CH 2
*Theo --H, ta c: E tr thnh

mt xch)
Gly
Gly (!) n n
Ala
CH 2
Ala Gly CH 2
CH 2
*Thy phn E
Mui ca Gly v Ala ta ct CH2 t Ala ra , ta c mui ca Gly: C2H4O2NaN (0,9 mol)
CH2
( x mol)
*Ta c k
n Gly
n peptit
0,9
5, 625 (*)
0,16
C2k H3k 2 N k Ok 1 : 0,16(mol) O2 CO2 : 0,32k+x (mol)
E :
(t l h s t
(mol)
: x (mol)
CH 2
H 2O : 0, 24 k x 0,16
[ 69,31t ] gam
[30,73t ]gam
l)
*Ta c PT t l:
mE
mCO2 H2O
0,16. 57k 18 14x

30, 73
44.(0,32k x) 18.(0, 24k x 0,16) 69,31
+Vi k=5,625 (*); S dng Casio ta d dng tm c: x 0,52 n Ala
Bookgol.com
+ Bo ton Na:
n Gly 0,9 0,52 0,38
a 0,38
0, 73
A
b 0, 52
V d 2(Trch NT-YDS): t chy hon ton 17 gam hn hp X gm 5 cht hu co

no, mch h (cc cht c s C 2 ch cha cc nhm chc -CHO v -COOH), v c
tng s mol l 0,1 mol, trong 3,36 lt kh O2 ly va . Sau phn ng thu c hn
hp kh v hi, dn ton b hn hp ny qua nc vi trong d, sau phn ng thu
c bao nhiu gam kt ta ?
A. 50gam
B.60gam
C.70gam
D.80gam
Ch : y l dng bi Ct nhm chc m mnh c lu pha trn, v --H
cng bt ngun t phng php ny. Pha trn l mt bi ton c bn. Ta x l nhanh:
Hng dn gii:
Cc cht l:
HCHO
H 2 .CO
0,1mol
HCOOH
H 2 .CO2
H2
O :0,15mol
OHC CHO
H 2 .(CO) 2
H
CO
CO 2
2O
2
mol
19
0
,
15
.
32 0,1.18
0,1
CO
n
0,5 mol
HOOC COOH
H 2 .(CO2 ) 2
2
44

OHC COOH
H 2 .CO.CO2
19gam
m 50gam
A
V d 3: un nng 45,54 gam hn hp E gm hai peptit X ( CxHyOzN6) v
Y(CnHmO6Nt) cn dng 580ml dung dch NaOH 1M ch thu c dung dch cha
mui natri ca glyxin v valin. Mt khc t chy hon ton cng lng E trn trong
O2 va thu c hn hp CO2 ,H2O v N2, trong tng khi lng ca CO2 v
H2O l 115,18 gam. Cng thc phn t ca peptit X l:
( thi th Moon.vn)
A. C17 H 30 N 6 O7
B. C21H 38 N 6 O7
C. C24 H 44 N 6 O7
D. C18 H 32 N 6 O 7
Bookgol.com
Hng dn
Hng 1: Quy i thnh gc Axyl v H2O
mol
0,58
C n H 2 n 1 NO
E l : H O
2
m E 0,58(14 n 29 ) 18 x 45,54 gam (1)
x mol
E + O2 tng ng:
O2
CO
H
O
2
2
n 191 : 58
H
O
Cng (1)
2
0,58 n mol
0,58 n x 0, 29 mol
x 0,11
x mol
m CO2 H 2O 35,96 n 18 x 5,22 115 ,18 gam (2)

mol
0,58
C n H 2 n 1 NO
n X n Y n H 2O 0,11 n X 0,03 mol
n Y 0,08 mol
6x 5y n NaOH
HPT: n Gly n Val n NaOH
n Gly 0,33 mol 3n X 3n Y

2
n
5
n
X : (Gly ) 3 (Val) 3
191
Gly
Val
n
n Val 0,25 mol 3n X 2n Y
C 21H 38N 6 O 7
58
n
)
(
Gly
Val
Hng 2: ng ng Ha
0, 58
mol
(
C
H
ON
)
.
H
k
2 O m 0,58 .57 18 . 0,58
E: 2 3
14 x 45,54 gam (1)
E
k
CH
2
x mol
E + O2 tng ng:
Bookgol.com
0 , 58
mol
( 2)
k
10 ,44
O2
(
C
H
ON
)
H
O
k
2
E 2 3
CO
H
m CO2 H 2O 66 ,7
62 x
2O
2
k
mol
CH
1,16 x
0 ,87 0 , 58 x mol
2
x mol
n 0,03
0,58
0,11mol ; m 6n X 5n Y 0,58 X
k 58 11 n X Y
k
n Y 0,08
mol
(1 & 2)
x 0,75 mol 3n n Val 0,25 3n X 2n Y
Val
mol
n Gly 0,33 3n X 3n Y
Tng t ta c p n l : C21H38N6O7 ( B )
Di y l cu tr li cho cu hi mnh cp phn trn : Glu v Lys
chng ta phi --H ra sao ?
Ta c phn tch sau:
CO
2
Glu Gly 2CH 2 [COO]

Lys Gly 4CH 2 HN
C4H9 N
Vi tng mt xch khc nhau m ta c cc cch bin i tng ng, mc d hi c

nh nhng n s h tr c phn nho nh no trong vic chinh phc Bi Ton
PEPTIT trong thi H ca cc bn.
Theo mnh, nu thi khai thc hn n mng Lys hoc Glu th bi ton s rt Hay v
Kh! i hi bn phi bia cch Bin Lun theo li t duy ha hc i n p n
chnh xc, mng ny nu BGD c khai thc vo xu th nm nay mnh s c gng son
thm 1 tp ring cho chuyn ! Cc bn yn tm v hc nh !
*****
Bookgol.com
Bi ton PEPTIT c rt nhiu PP HAY V C BIT khc x l, cc bn c th

tham kho thy c, bn b:
+ PHNG PHP TRUNG BNH
+PHNG PHP QUY V PEPTIT TNG NG
+PHNG PHP QUY V MT XCH AMINOAXIT TNG NG
+PHNG PHP P DNG BT BO HA ,...
Lu vi cc bn, pha trn l cc phng php mi ngi c th tham kho v m

rng T DUY GII TON PEPTIT cho bn thn, khng c nh phi thnh tho duy
nht 1 Phng Php ri bi no cng c th gii bng 1 PP . --H , IPEPTIT HAY
TRNG NGNG HA, chng l nhng hng i mi cho mi ngi, cngt ng t nh
trong mt bi tp V c, thay v dng BT (e) ta c th dng BTNT hay BTKL hoc kt
hp c 3 PP vo mt bi tp.Hc v tm hiu, cc bn s tm ra c nhng im mnh,
im hay v im yu ca mi phng php trn.
Bookgol.com
PHN BA : M RNG TNG S DNG --H

V CC BI TP VN DNG C BN
*****
Bi 1:Thy phn hon ton m gam mt hn hp A gm 3 chui oligopeptit c s lin
kt ln lt l 9, 3, 4 bng dung dch NaOH (d 20% so vi lng cn phn ng), thu
c hn hp Y gm mui Natri ca Ala (a gam) v Gly (b gam) cng NaOH d. Cho
vo Y t t n d dung dch HCl 5.5 M th thy HCl phn ng ti a ht 2,31 lt. Mt
khc khi t chy hon ton 40,27 gam hn hp A trn cn dng va 34,44 lt
O2(ktc), ng thi thu c hn hp kh v hi vi mCO2 m H2O 37, 27gam .T l a/b
gn nht l
888
999
888
999
A.
B.
C.
D.
5335
8668
4224
9889
Ch : Bi tp ny kh c bn ca peptit, ch kh x l ch phi tht cn thn, tht
chc chn lm ra c kt qu chnh xc nht vi cc d kin v p n nh
trn.
Hng dn gii:
-Phn m gam:
mol
NH 2 CH 2 COONa : x
*Theo --H: hh mui sau gm:
;hh
: y mol
CH 2
[mol]
1
C2k H3k 2 N k Ok 1 : xa
, a
A:
mol
k
CH 2 : y
+Ta c : n HCl n Gly n Na .1, 2 2, 2x x 5, 775mol
Bookgol.com

x
m (57x 18 ) 14 y 329,175 103,95a 14y
(1)
k
+t A cng nh t cc mt xch:
C2 H5O 2 N : 5,775mol
n O/ O 4,5* x 3y 25,9875 3y
mol
2
CH 2 : y
(2)
11,55
8,6625 5,775a
O2
[mol]
2kCO 2 (1,5k 1)H 2O

C2k H3k 2 N k Ok 1 : 5,775a
mCO2 m H2O 352, 275 26y 103,
O2
mol
:y
1CO2 1H 2 O
CH 2
ymol
y mol
mol
[mol ]
-Phn 40,27 gam:

+Ta c cc t l thc sau:
(1) 40, 27 329,175 103,95a 14y
(2) 3,075
25,9875 3y
11
121 a 888
y n Ala n Gly 5,775 n Ala

(2) 3,075
25,9875 3y
15
24
b 5335
(3) 37, 27 352, 275 26y 103,95a
Bi 2:Hn hp X gm C2 H 4 (OH) 2 , (COOH) 2 , CH 2 (OH)(COOH). Cho m gam X

phn ng vi K d to 0,3 mol kh. Bit m gam X phn ng va ht vi 0,3 mol
NaOH. t chy ht m gam X ri cho hp th ht ton b sn phm chy vo 500ml
dung dch Ca(OH)2 1M thy khi lng dung dch thay i a gam. Gi tr thay i l:
A.Gim 11,4 gam
C.Gim 5,5 gam
B.Tng 11,4 gam

D.Gim 2,8 gam
Bookgol.com

Ch : Bi ton ct mch hu c nh phn lu mnh trnh by, --H c c s
da trn PP ny.
Hng dn gii:
n OH 0,3mol
n COOH 0,3mol
mol
C 2 H 4 (OH ) 2 2CH 2 OH
Tch : (COOH ) 2 2COOH
CH 2 (OH )(COOH ) CH 2 OH COOH
,3
CH 2 OH
COOH
O2
CO 2 H 2 O

0 , 6 mol
0 , 6 mol
0 , 3mol
D
*Ta c biu thc : a (mCO2 m H 2O ) (n OH n CO2 ).100 2,8 0
Bi 3: un nng 0,045 mol hn hp X cha hai peptit Y, Z cn va 120ml KOH
1M, thu c hn hp T cha 3 mui ca Gly , Ala v Val trong mui ca Gly
chim 33,832% v khi lng (bit Y hn Z mt s lin kt peptit). Mt khc, t
chy hon ton 13,68 gam X cn dng 14,364 lt O2(ktc) thu c hn hp kh v hi
trong tng khi lng ca CO2 v H2O l m gam. Phn trm khi lng mui ca
Ala trong T c gi tr gn nht vi:
A.50%
B.51%
C.52%
D.53%
Ch : Trong bi ny s p dng trit cc cng thc c bn ca --H, vi cch

truyn thng c v bi ny s x l hi nng mt cht. V --H cc bn s
thy n linh hot nh th no vi dng ny.
Hng dn gii:
n KOH
0,12 8
mol
*Theo --H:Cc mt xch: C2 H5O2 N : 0,12 k
0,045
3
CH : y mol
2
Bookgol.com
*Ta c: mX (57x
18x
) 14y 7,65 14y
k
(C2 H 3ON) k .H 2 O : 0,045

peptit :
mol
CH 2 : y
* phn 13,68gam, ta c:
mol
O2
CO2 H 2 O n O/O2 4,5x 3y 0,54 3y
mX
13,68 7,65 14y
y 0,105
n O/O2 1,2825 0,54 3y
mmui 0,12.C2 H4 O2 KN 0,105.CH 2 15,03gam m m Gly 5,085gam ~ 0,045mol

n Ala n Val n KOH n Gly 0,075
n Ala 0,06 % m Ala 50,7%
B
Ta c HPT:
1n Ala 3n Val n CH2 0,105
Bi 4(Trch H quc gia BGD-2015):Cho 0,7 mol hn hp T gm hai peptit mch

h X (x mol) v Y (y mol), u to bi glyxin v alanin. un 0,7 mol T trong lng
d dung dch NaOH th c 3,8 mol NaOH phn ng v u thu c m gam mui. Mt
khc, nu t chy hon ton x mol X hoc y mol Y th thu c cng s mol CO2.
Bit tng s nguyn t Oxi trong hai phn t X v Y l 13, trong X v Y u c s lin
kt peptit khng nh hn 4. Gi tr ca m l:
A.396,6
B.409,2
C.340,8
D.399,4
Ch : Cu PEPTIT ca H-2015 khng qu phc tp, x l rt nh nhng bng

nhiu cch.
Hng dn gii:
Bookgol.com
X n
(n, m:S mt xch)
Ym
*Gi 2 peptit ln lt l:
(O
XY
) (n 1) (m 1) 13
n m 11
n 6; m 5
n,n 5
a b 0, 7
a 0,3
n X6 a
hpt
6a 5b n NaOH 3,8 b 0, 4
n Y5 b
+t
+Theo --H, c 1Ala1Gly+1CH2 , hay eAlaeGly+eCH2

O2
(12 k) CO2
X 6 Gly6 k[CH 2 ]
Tin hnh --H hn hp:
O2
(10 t)CO2
Y5 Gly5 t[CH 2 ]
0,3*(12 k) 0, 4*(10 t)
12 k 4 16 k 4

10 t 3 12 t 2
n CH2 0,3*4 0, 4*2 2mol

*Hn hp sau phn ng gm:
CH 2 (NH 2 ) COONa : 3,8mol

m 3,8*97 2*14 396, 6gam
: 2mol
CH 2
A
Bi 5: Cho 0,7 mol hn hp T gm hai peptit mch h X (x mol) v Y (y mol), mi peptit
u to bi glyxin, alanin v val. un 0,7 mol T trong lng d dung dch NaOH th c
3,9 mol NaOH phn ng v thu c m gam mui. Mt khc, nu t chy hon ton 0,7
mol X th thu c th tch CO2 ch bng ln lng CO2 khi t 0,7 mol Y. Bit tng s
nguyn t Oxi trong hai phn t X v Y l 13, trong X v Y u c s lin kt peptit khng
nh hn 4. Gi tr ca m gn nht l:
A.444,0
B.439,0
C.438,5
D.431,5
Bookgol.com
Ch : Tng t cu PEPTIT-2015, ra m rng tng gii bi ton trong chui c

thm Val.
Hng dn gii:
X n
(n, m:S mt xch)
Ym
*Gi 2 peptit ln lt l:
(O
XY
) (n 1) (m 1) 13
n m 11
n 5; m 6
n,n 5
n X6 a
a b 0, 7
a 0,3
hpt
5a 6b n NaOH 3,9 b 0, 4
n Y5 b
+t
1Ala 1Gly 1CH 2

1Val 1Gly 3CH 2
+Theo --H:
O2
(10 k)CO 2
X 5 Gly5 k[CH 2 ]
Tin hnh --H hn hp:
O2
(12 t)CO 2
Y6 Gly6 t[CH 2 ]
k 5
10 k 3 15
n CH2 0,3*5 0, 4*8 4, 7 mol

12 t 4 20 t 8
*Hn hp sau phn ng gm:
CH 2 (NH 2 ) COONa : 3,9mol

m 3,9*97 4, 7 *14 444,1gam
: 4, 7 mol
CH 2
A
Bi 6: X l hn hp cc trieste c to bi Glixerol cng hn hp Z gm cc axit
cacboxylic (E,F,G; ME<MF<MG, thuc cng dy ng ng ca axit acrylic) v axit Y
no, n chc, mch h. t chy ht 56,1 gam hn hp E gm X, Z v Y ri dn ton
b sn phm chy vo nc vi trong d thy to thnh gam kt ta v khi lng dung
Bookgol.com

dch gim 94,5 gam . Mt khc, lng E trn phn ng va vi 800 ml KOH 1M un
nng thu c dung dch F cha m gam mui, v hi ancol. Hi ancol ny khi i qua
bnh ng natri d th gii phng 5,04 lt H2 (ktc). Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton,
v mui natri ca Y tham gia qu trnh vi ti xt thu c kh nh, t trong khng kh
to sn phm khng lm c nc vi trong d. % khi lng mui kali ca Y trong F
gn nht vi :
A.63%
B.60%
C.66%
D.70%
Ch : --H vi hn hp ESTE. Pht trin tng t phng php --H ( trnh
by P.2) x l bi tp lin quan n Dy ng ng phc tp .
Hng dn gii:
* Mui Natri Axit Y qua vi ti xt To kh, t khg to CO2 Kh l H2Y:
HCOOH
* Axit thuc dy ng ng ca axit acrylic Z : H2C=CH-COOH + CH2
* Chng ta bit: Axit +Ancol
Este + H2O Este = Axit+Ancol - H2O
C3 H8O3 3H 2 O C3 H 2 : 0,15mol
: x mol
HCOOH
* HH trn Glyxerol + Axit H2O
: ymol
C2 H 3COOH
CH
: z mol
2
* Ta thy bi ton trn c 3 d kin, ng thi ta cng quy v c ba n s(x;y;z)
Lp h 3pt!
+mE = 0,15.38 46x 72y 14z 56,1
(1)
mol
+ n OH n COOH x y 0,8
(2)
Bookgol.com
C3H8O3 3H 2O C3H 2 : 0,15mol
: x mol
HCOOH
* t E: C H COOH
: y mol
2 3
: z mol
CH 2
O2
0, 45mol CO2 0,15mol H 2 O

O2
x mol CO 2 x mol H 2O
O2
3y mol CO2 2y mol H 2 O

O2
z mol CO 2 z mol H 2 O
Ta co'
n CO 0, 45 x 3y z
2
n H2O 0,15 x 2y z
+ Dn CO2 v H2O vo Ca(OH)2d, ta c
mdd gim = mCaCO3 [mCO2 mH2O ]
= 56*(0, 45 x 3y z) 18*(0,15 x 2y z) 94,5
(3)
*Gii (1),(2),(3) ta c: x 0, 6 ; y 0, 2 ; z 0, 6
%HCOOK
0, 6*(46 38)
62,37%
0, 6*(46 38) 0, 2*(72 38) 0, 6*14
A
Bi 7: Hn hp E gm 3 chui peptit X,Y,Z u mch h(c cu to t cc mt xch
Glyxin v Lysin) c s mt xch khng nh hn 2.Chia hn hp lm hai phn khng bng
nhau, phn mt c khi lng 14,88 gam em thy phn hon ton trong dung dch KOH
1M d, thy dng ht 180ml , sau phn ng thu c hn hp mui F cha a mol mui
glyxin v b mol mui lysin. Mt khc, t chy hon ton phn cn li thu c t l th
tch gia kh cacbonic v hi nc thu c l 1. T l a/b gn nht vi:
A.2,67
B.3,20
C. 2,70
D.3,33
Ch : Bi ton ny xut hin LYS! Mt mu cht kh c bit. Nu bn no cho

rng --H ch p dng c vi (Gly-Ala-Val) th hy xem vi Gly, mnh s x l ra sao
nh !
Bookgol.com

*p dng --H vi phn tch sau: Lys:
C6 H14O2 N 2 C2 H5O 2 N 4CH 2 1NH Gly C4 H 9 N

Hng dn gii:
*Theo --H:
mol
Lys Gly 1.C4 H9 N hh F
(Gly) : n C2 H4O2 NaN : 0,18
C H N O :
hh Peptit E
2k 3k 2 k k 1
mol
x
Gly Gly
C H N
C4 H9 N :
:
4 9
0,18
3, 24
71x 14,88
71x 4.62 (1)

k
k
VCO2
*Ta nhn thy t hh E vi khi lng no u cho t l
1 t phn 1 cng s
VH2O
*Ta c: m E (57k 18).
c KQ trn !
n 0,36 4x
O2
2k[CO2 ] (1,5k 1)[H 2O] CO2
C2k H3k 2 N k Ok 1
0,18
O2
4,5x
4[CO2 ] 4,5[H 2 O]
C4 H9 N
n H2O 0, 27
+ VCO2 VH 2O
0,18
0,5x 0, 09
k
*Gii (1) v (2) x 0,0484 n Lysin b
(2)
n Gly 0,18 n Lys 0,1316 a
a / b 2, 71
C
Bi 8: Hn hp X gm
OHC C C CHO, HOOC C C COOH , OHC C C COOH. Cho m gam
X tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong nc amoniac d (un nng nh) thu c 43,2
gam Ag. Mt khc m gam hn hp X tc dng vi NaHCO3 d thu c 11,648 lt CO2
(ktc). Thm m gam glucozo vo m gam hn hp X sau em t cn V lt O2(ktc),
sn phm sinh ra c hph t vo bnh ng Ba(OH)2 d thu c 614,64 gam kt ta.
Gi tr ca m+m v gi tr V l
Bookgol.com

A. 94,28gam-60,032
C. 88,24gam-60,032
B. 96,14gam-60,928
D. 86,42gam-60,928
Hng dn gii:
Ta
c:
n CHO 0,2 2n A n C
n COOH 0,52 2n B n C
n A B C
n CHO n COOH
0,36; n C 0,36 * 4 1,44mol
2
;
*Tin
hnh
ct
nhm
chc,
0 , 2 mol
CHO
X : COOH
0 , 52
C
H 2 OX mol
X mol
mol
; Glucozo :
3,12
O2
CO 2 H 2 O
mol
1, 44 ( 0 , 52 0 , 2 ) 0 , 72 mol
+BT
(C)
x 1,68 m m' 29.0,2 45.0,52 0,72.12 1,68.(12 18) 88,24gam

+BT (O) : n O
1,5n CHO 0,5n COOH 2.n C

2,68mol V 60,032lt
C
2
Bi 9:
Hn hp X gm CH 3CHO, OHCH 2 CHO, (CHO) 2 , OHCH 2 CHOH CHO trong
t l s nhm CHO
OH
24 . Cho m gam hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch

11
AgNO3/NH3 d thu c 103,68 gam Ag. t chy ht 16,62 gam X cn 13,272 lt O2

(ktc) thu c 9,18 gam H2O. Gi tr ca m l
A.25,06 gam
B.20,56 gam
C.22,16 gam
D.19,39 gam
Bookgol.com
Hng dn gii:Ta c: n CHO 0,48 n OH 0,22

mol
0 , 48
CHO;
n OH 0 , 22
+Ct X: CH 3 : x mol
CH 2 : y mol
m 17,44 15x 12y
;
n C 0,48 x y
+Trong 16,62gam X, BTKL n CO2 0,6
n
mX
C
16,62 0,6
*Ta c cc t l:
nC
n
H
0,6 2n H 2O
x 0,24
m 22,16gam
C
y 0,08
Bi 10: Hn hp A gm HCOOH v axit Y1;Y2 u no, n chc, mch

h(MY1.<MY2). Hn hp B gm axit Z v T u khng no, n chc, mch h, c mt
lin kt i C=C trong phn t(MZ<MT). Thc hin phn ng este ha hon ton gia
a mol A v b mol B ( n Y1 Y2 n ZT 0,25mol ) vi 0,175mol glixerol thu c hn hp
E .em hn hp E thy phn hon ton trong 600ml KOH 1M ri c cn dung dch
sau phn ng thu c hn hp rn khan F. Chia F lm 2 phn bng nhau:
+Phn 1: t chy hon ton trong Oxi d thu c hn hp sn phm C, hp
th ton b C vo 600 ml Ca(OH)2 0,5M v CaCl2 1M , sau phn ng thu c 43,75
gam kt ta v thy khi lng dung dch gim 3,225 gam.
+Phn 2: c trung ha va bng 75ml HCl 1M, sn phm thu c a
vo bnh cho phn ng vi xt hon ton thu c hn hp kh D. Nung D vi xc tc
Ni, sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp kh K c t khi so vi H2 l 9,1875. Khi
lng hidrocacbon c trong K v khi lng ca F gn nht l:
A.3,5g;35g
B.4,2g;35g
C.5,6g;56g
D.4,2g;56g
Ch : Mt bi tp mc vn dng L thuyt v K Nng cao !
Bookgol.com

i hi kh nng t duy cc tnh hung nh:
+t mui v cc Hiu s(CO2,H2O,...)
+Vi ti xt hn hp
+Phn ng este ha, phn ng thy phn hon ton nhng c mt bn cht tham
gia d
+Bit cch x l kho lo tnh hung dn sn phm chy vo nc vi trong
Hng dn gii: Chia i hn hp A lm 2 phn bng nhau, ta --H hn hp:
hh E
HCOOH
CH3COOH
axit : CH 2
C2 H 3COOH
CH 2
ancol : C3 H8 O3
0,0875mol
KOH d mol
HCOOH
x
CH COOH
HCOOK
CH3COOK mol
KOH
C2 H 3COOH
C3 H 8 O 3
y
CH 2
C2 H 3COOK
CH : z mol
2
H 2O
mol n
Axit
O2
F
CO2 H2O K 2CO3
+Phn 1:X l nhanh:
0,3125mol
0,3375mol
0,15mol
(Ch : hh C gm K2CO3;CO2;H2O )
n K x y 0,3
x 0,175
Ta c HPT: n H x 3y 2z 0,675 y 0.125

n n n y 0,125 z 0,0625
Z
T
Y
+Phn 2: Vi n HCl n KOH 0,075 n HCOOH 0,1mol
Ta c: n CO2 n H2O 0,025 n C2 H3COOK
mol
n C2H3COOK 0,05
m F 35,15gam
n KOH
mol
n CH3COOK 0,075
hh tham gia P vi ti xt:
Bookgol.com
H 2 : 0,1 x
H 2 : 0,1mol
HCOOK : 0,1mol
CH : 0,075
4
mol
mol
CH
COOK:0,075
CH
:
0,075
m hh 3,675gam
3
4
Ni,t o
C 2 H 6 : x
mol
mol
C2 H 3COOK:0,05
C2 H 4 : 0,05
C H : 0,05 x n hh 0, 225 x
CH : 0,0625mol
CH : 0,0625mol
2 4
2
2
CH 2 : 0,0625
M hh 18,375
mhh
x 0,025 n H2 0,075 m HC 3,525
n hh
A
Cu 11: Hn hp X gm CnH2n-1CHO; CnH2n-2(CHO)2 ; CnH2n-2(COOH)2 ; CnH2n3(CHO)(COOH)2. Cho m gam hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d thu
c 56,16 gam kt ta bc. Trung ha m gam hn hp X cn dng 30gam dung dch
hn hp NaOH 12% v KOH 5,6%. t m gam hn hp X cn dng (m+7,29) gam O2.
Gi tr gn nht ca m l
A.19,84
B.20,16
C.19,36
D.20,24
Hng dn gii:
*Bi ton ct tch nhm chc:
n CHO 1 n Ag 0,26mol
2
Dn mch v tin hnh phn tch nh sau:
n COOH n OH 0,12mol
Bookgol.com
C n H 2n-1CHO
(CH 2 )n
C n H 2n-2 (CHO)2
CO
(CH 2 )n
C n H 2n-2 (COOH)2
(CH 2 )n
C n H 2n-3 (CHO)(COOH)2
mol
CH 2
Chy
x mol
CO2
mol
2CO 2
(CH 2 )n
CO
C`n
0,26
2
n CHO 0,26
CO
"Cut"
2CO
Chy
n O2
C`n
n O2
2CO 2
0,13
1,5x
n COOH 0,12
m 12,56
n CH2 x
*Ta c:
m 19,02gam
C
14
m O (0,13 1,5x ) * 32 m 7,29
2
Cu 12: (Trch H Vinh ln IV 2015):Thy phn hon ton m gam hn hp M gm
tetrapeptit X v pentapeptit Y (u mch h) bng dung dch KOH va , ri c cn
cn thn th thu c (m+11,42) gam hn hp mui khan ca Val v Ala. t chy hon
ton mui sinh ra bng mt lng oxi va thu c K2CO3; 2,464 lt N2(ktc) v
50,96 gan hn hp gm CO2, H2O. Phn trm khi lng ca Y trong hn hp M c th
l:
A.55,24%
B.54,54%
C.45,98%
D.64,59%
Ch : Dng bi tp peptit kh hay ca nm 2015 v thy phn mui v t mui ca

aminoaxit.
Nu bn no tinh th s pht hin c nhiu im tng ng ca vic t
mui aminoaxxit v t aminoaxit. Vic ny cc bn hy suy ngh nh!
Bookgol.com
Ala Gly 1CH 2

Val Gly 3CH 2
n N 0, 22mol ; Ta c:
Hng dn gii: n N2 0,11mol
CH 2 NH 2 COOK : 0, 22mol
[ --H] hh mui gm mui ca Gly v nhm CH2:
: x mol
CH 2
*t mui:
O2
C2 H 4O2 KN
CH
[1,5]CO2 2H 2O
; 2
0,33
0, 44 [mol] x
0, 22
(m
CO2 H2O
O2
CO2 H 2O
[mol]
) 0,33.44 0, 44.18 62x 50,96 x 0, 46 n CH2
n Ala n Val n Gly

n Ala 0,1
hpt :
m = 19,88 gam (*)

1n Ala 3n Val n CH2
n Val 0,12
+ BTKL: m+56*0,22 = (m+11,42) + 18*nH2O
nH2O=0,05 = npeptit
mol
n X4 a a b n peptit 0, 05
a 0, 03
+Gi
mol
b 0, 02
n Y5 b 4a 5b n N 0, 22
*Gi s mt xch Ala trong X4 l n ; Ala trong Y5 l m .
m 2
n 2
+Ta c: n Ala 0,03m 0,02n 0,1 3m 2n 10

Y5 :
Ala 2 Val 3
M 457
Bookgol.com
%m Y
0, 02.457
45,98%
C
19,88
Cu 13: Ti mt phng th nghim, mt sinh vin ang nghin cu v cc phn ng thy

phn sinh hc v phn ng thy phn ha hc di s quan st ca ng gio s. Trong
qu trnh c cng on anh ta c giao vic tin hnh thy phn n hon ton mt hn
hp peptit n gin E (cha bit khi lng v thnh phn chnh xc) gm hai peptit X v
Y c s lin kt peptit chn bng 690ml dung dch NaOH 1M, ch thu c hn hp mui
natri ca glyxin (a gam) v alanin (b gam). xc nh gi tr chnh xc gn nht ca a v
b, gio s bo anh ta tin hnh, chia hn hp E thnh 2 phn khng bng nhau:
-Phn 1: t chy hon ton trong O2 (d),thu c hn hp sn phm vi
mCO2 1,8.m H2O 2,61997m N2
-Phn 2:Tip tc t chy n hon ton trong O2(d), thu c hn hp sn phm, dn
hn hp sn phm ln lt qua bnh I ng H2SO4(c, d) v bnh II cha Ca(OH)2(d)
thy khi lng bnh II tng 2,7205 ln so vi bnh I.
Khi xc nh c a v b , anh ta thu c gi tr gn nht ca
a
l:
b
94
97
99
97
A.
B.
C.
D.
11
96
94
10
Ch : y l dng Bi ton thc hnh, mt dng bi thng gp trong cc bi thi
mn Vt L hay Ton Hc, vi Ha Hc th c l kh t xut hin.
Dng bi ny ch yu m phng v mt l thuyt nn nhng cu t kh di
dng nn khi x l bi ton ta hy cht lc d kin v x l nhanh nht c th, v
thng nhng bi tp th ny khng h qu phc tp x l n.
Hng dn gii:
Chia lm 2 phn khng bng nhau, nhng ta nhn nh thy cc

d kin v mi lin h gia cc sn phm chy u l d liu theo
T L , nn t bt k hn hp no cng cho ra kt qu trn. Nn
ta quy v t hn hp E ban u, khng cn chia ra :
Bookgol.com
C2 H 4O 2 NaN : 0, 69mol
*Theo --H, hh mui sau gm:
hay cc mt xch
mol
CH 2 : y
gly C 2 H 5O 2 N : 0, 69 mol
l:
mol
CH 2 : y
1,38
1,035 0,69a
0,345mol
O2
C2k H 3k 2 N k O k 1 : 0, 69 a mol
2kCO 2 (1,5k 1)H 2O k / 2 N 2
E
O2
mol
CO 2 H 2 O
CH 2 : y
y mol
y mol
mol
[mol ]
mCO2 1,8.m H2O 2, 61997m N2

22,356a 11, 6y 1,877
HPT :
y 0,32 n Ala
33, 788a 4,969y 10, 037
mCO2 2, 7205m H2O 0
n Gly 0, 69 n Ala 0,37
a 97
B
b 96
Cu 14: Hn hp T gm 0,05 mol hai chui oligopeptit X v Y(t l mol 2:3, c cu

to t cc -amino axit no, mch h, cha 1 nhm NH2 , 1 nhm COOH). Thy phn
hon ton hn hp T trn trong 400ml dung dch NaOH 1M thu c dung dch A. C
cn A ly sn phm thu c em nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i th
c hn hp cc sn phm B ( rn, kh v hi). Cho ton b B vo nc vi trong d
th thy khi lng dung dch gim 17,37 gam. Bit t chy hon ton 0,05 mol T cn
dng ht 21,336 lt O2. X khng th l:
A.Tripeptit
B.Pentapeptit
C.Hexapeptit
D.Nonapeptit
Ch : Bi ny mnh a vo 1 phng trnh nghim nguyn m rng dng bi

Nhiu nghim cho dng bi PEPTIT, ng dng trit --H v MODETABLE.
Bookgol.com
Hng dn gii: Ta c: nX = 0,02mol ; nY = 0,03mol

*Theo --H, ta ct mch hh sau phn ng thy phn, c cc sn phn tng ng
(c th c NaOHD ).
C2 H 4O2 NaN : x mol
O2
: ymol
Na 2 CO3 CO2 H 2 O (s mol tnh theo BT
CH 2
mol
1,5x y 0,5z[mol ]
2x y 0,5z[mol]
0 ,5x 0 ,5 z[mol ]
:z
NaOH
Nguyn t)
mol
+BT Na: x z 0, 4
(1)
*Ch khi cho B vo Ca(OH)2 d th to kt ta CaCO3 bi Na2CO3 v CO2 !

mdd gim = mCaCO3 m[Na 2CO3 CO2 H2O] 45x 38y 40z 17,37
(2)
*Ch lng O2 cn t chui peptit v lng O2 t cc mt xch l nh nhau.

+Ta c:
t:
2,25x O
Gly
mol
CO2 H 2 O
C2 H5O2 : x 2
n O2 2, 25x 1,5y 0,9525mol
mol
1,5y O2
mol
CH 2 : y CO2 H 2O
mol
(3)
x 0,33
*Gii (1);(2);(3) y 0,14

z 0, 07
*Gi s mt xch trong X l n, trong Y l m. Ta c PT sau:
0,02n 0,03m n Gly 0,33 2n 3m 33

(3;9)
Tripeptit
+Sd Mode-table hoc nhm,ta c : (n; m) (6;7) X Hexapeptit
(9;5)
Nonapeptit
Bookgol.com

Cu 15: Hn hp A gm AlaVal, pentapeptit mch h X, hexapeptit mch h Y trong
s mol AlaVal bng tng s mol X v Y. tc dng va vi 0,24 mol hn hp
A cn 445 ml dung dch hn hp NaOH 0,75M v KOH 1,25M thu c dung dch ch
cha cc mui ca alanin v valin. t 123,525 gam hn hp A thu c tng khi
lng CO2 v H2O l 341,355 gam. Phn trm khi lng X trong hn hp A l
A.39,24%
B.38,85%
C.40,18%
D. 37,36%
Ch : Vi Bi tp ny mnh s gii theo cch trc nghim mnh thng xi, nn rt

NHANH + NGN GN !
Bn no thc mc hy T BT & SUY NGH s HIU ti sao
Hng dn gii:
Gly2
H:
Gly5
0 ,12 mol
0 , 07 mol
0 , 48 a
CH 2
MOL [ 0 ,89*2 ][ 0 , 48 a ]
1, 78 a mol
MOL [ 0 ,89*1, 5 0 , 24 ][ 0 , 48 a ]
2 , 055 a mol
O2
CO
HO
2
2
m ( CO2 H 2O ) 136, 43 62 a
0 , 05mol
Gly6
m 0 ,89*C 2 H 3ON 0 , 24*H 2 O m CH2

61, 77 14 a
TL :
n 11
61,77 14a 136,43 62a
a 1,47 0,07n 0,05m

123,525
341,355
m 14
%X 5
0,07 * (Gly5 11CH 2 )

34,85%
B
61,77 14a
Cu 16: X l mt -aminoaxit no mch h cha 1 nhm NH2 v 1 nhm COOH. un

nng a mol X thu c hn hp A gm tripeptit mch h Y v tetrapeptit mch h Z vi
t l s mol Y : Z = 8 : 3. t hn hp A cn 0,945 mol oxi thu c 12,33 gam H2O. t
hn hp B gm a mol mt -aminoaxit R no mch h cha 1 nhm NH2 v 1 nhm
COOH; 0,25a mol Y v 0,5a mol Z sau hp th sn phm chy vo dung dch
Ba(OH)2 d thu c 567,36 gam kt ta. Phn trm khi lng R trong hn hp B l
A.26,50%
B.32,12%
C.35,92%
D. 26,61%
Bookgol.com
Hng dn gii:
S --H:
+
11a
mol
36
Y3
Gly36
Z4
CH 2
x
0,685mol
1,89 mol
11
[O ]
H2O
4,5*a
HPT
3* x
1,5*a 11a
36
nO
x
n H2 O
a
x
0,18
0,36
X Gly
2CH 2
mol
a 0,18mol
R
Y3
Z4
1: 2
R
Gly11
2,88mol
O2
3
CO2
0,75a 0,135mol
CH 2
5,5a 0,99mol
nC
%R
2,88 0,135.11 .2 0,99

3
5 Val
0,18
0,18.Val
32,12%
0,18.Val 0,135.Gly11 0,99.CH 2
3
Bookgol.com
Cu 17: A l hn hp cha Gly, Ala v Val theo mt t l nht nh. Trng ngng m
hn hp A n hon ton thu c (1,5m-98,175) gam hn hp B gm 3 peptit X, Y,
Z . t chy hon ton lng B trn thu c 80,325 gam H2O .Bit A tc dng hon
ton vi 2 lt NaOH 1M thu c 199,4 gam cht rn . T l khi lng Gly c trong
A v khi lng B l:
(Mod Bookgol: Nht Trng YDS)
A.29,64% ; 129,525 gam
B. 39,52% ; 129,525 gam
C.69,17% ; 151,80 gam
D. 29,64%; 129,525 gam
Hng dn gii
p n B
Bi ny c xem l mt dng Nhp Mn Ca PEPTIT nhng mc Vn
dng cao !
ng ng ha nh sau:
x mol C 2 H 4 O2 NaN
mol
x Gly
2 mol NaOH
y mol CH 2
m r n
Rn y mol CH 2
57x 14y
mA
(2 x)mol NaOH d
80(1)
75x 14y
t chy B cng nh t cc mt xch, tng ng:

x mol C 2 H3ON
B a mol H 2 O
y mol CH 2
O2
mB
H2O
1,5x a y
n H2 O
mol
(1) v (2) ta gii c nghim:
57x 18a 14y

1,5x
1,8mol ;y
0,5625mol
1,2mol
mB
1,5m A
98,175
4,8
mA
(2) T
151,8gam
129,525gam
Gi suy xt vi bi, ta ht d kin gii tip mGly, ch cn mt cch l

li dng s liu bin lun kt qu ! Cc bn ch nh !
Bookgol.com
Gly
A Ala
1CH2
Val
3CH2
n CH2
n Gly
1,8 (n Ala
n Val );v n CH2
n Ala
3n Val
3T
0, 4
1,2
0,6
n Gly
1, 4
45
m Gly
105
Vy !
Cu 18: Hn hp A gm Alal-Val-X, hexapeptit Y v peptit Z (444 > MY > MZ >

400) c t l mol ln lt l 3 : 2 : 4. t chy hon ton A thu c 46,62 gam hi
nc. Nu thy phn hon ton A trong 0,82 mol NaOH vi lng va th thu
c 96,06 gam 3 mui ca Gly, Ala v Val. Nu t chy lng 1 mol Y hoc 1 mol
Z th lng CO2 l khng i v Y hay Z u cu to t Gly, Ala v Val
Vy t l s mol Gly : Ala : Val trong mui tng ng l:
(Mod Bookgol: Nht Trng YDS)
A.14 : 11 : 16
C.10 : 19 : 12
29,644%
% m Gly
B.13 : 11 : 16
D.10 : 18 : 13
69,17%
B %m Gly
39,52%;m B
129,525gam
Hng dn gii
p n A
Lu , trong bi tp ny:
*Bin lun Xoay vng mt cch tinh t
*S liu n gin, khng phc tp ha vn
*Khai thc trit ng ng Ha !
ng ng ha nh sau :
0,82mol NaOH
0,82mol C 2 H 4 O2 NaN
mol
x CH2
0,82.97 14x
96,06
1,18mol
Bookgol.com
0,82 mol C 2 H3ON

Aa
mol
0,06 mol Ala

O2
H2O
1,18
mol
2,59
mol
H2O
0,18
A 0,04
mol
Y6
0,08
mol
Zn
CH 2
Ta c: n
nGly
3n Ala
Val X
6n Y
nZ
Val X
Z5 (0,08mol )
Zn
Bc quan trng ! Bin Lun:
Y6
Gly6
Z5
Gly 5
tCH 2
6 k
10,07
t
MY
kCH 2
12
MZ
403 14t
10
; Vi d kin:
444
MY
CY
CZ
MZ
400
t 7 8 9
k 5 6 7
CH 2trong X
CY
CZ
2,8
t 6,9
430 14k
1,18 (0,04.5 0,08.7)

n Ala Val X
X : Val
Ala
Val Val
+ Y6 c 5CH 2
Y ch c th l: Gly3Ala 2 Val
+ Z 5 c 7CH 2
Z ch c th l: Gly2 AlaVal 2
0,28mol Gly
A
0,22 mol Ala
Gly : Ala : Val
14 :11:16
p n A
0,32 mol Val
Bookgol.com
MODE-TABLE
Lu nh vi cc bn trc khi i vo phn luyn tp: Trong cc li gii di
y, s c 1 cm t kh l kh hiu vi a s cc bn l Dng MODETALE nhm nghim. Mc d khng lin quan n kin thc Ha Hc nhng
y l mt trong cc k nng gii Ha cc bn c th TRANG B thm cho bn
thn mnh.
Bn no c hng th th hy xem tham kho m rng kin thc nh !
n gin dng MODE-TABLE gip chng ta c k nng tt v c bit l gip :
Tit kim thi gian - X l d liu nhanh - Trnh sai st thiu nghim khi lm
bi.
Mnh xin trnh by ngn gn nh sau:
PT ng thng : Y = aX + b vi a, b l cc hng s. Vy vi mi gi tr ca X ta
s c Y tng ng.
Nghe n gin nhng lp ra cc gi tr X ph hp vi mt bai Ha th s khc
hn.
Ta i vo mt v d nh bit cch p dng nh :
V d 1: Hn hp A (lng) gm 0,5 mol 2 ankan c t l mol l 2:3. Ffoots chy
hon ton A thu c 3,6 mol CO2. Tm CTPT 2 ankan:
Gii: Gi s C trong 2 ankan tng ng l X v Y tng ng s mol ankan l
( 0,2mol ; 0,3mol ).
36 2X
BT Cacbon: 0, 2X 0,3Y 3, 6 2X 3Y 36 Y
3
Vi hh A l hn hp lng nn 5 X 10
Tin hnh MODE-TABLE khi d liu iu kin:
(S dng Casio 570ES , Casio 570ES PLUS , ...)
+Bm MODE Chn mc 7: TABLE
Trn mn hnh s c biu thc: f(x)= | ( y chnh l Y ca ta )
36 2X
+Nhp biu thc tng ng ca Y vo: Y
3
Bookgol.com
+Bm = , hin mc Start ? (bt u) Nhp 5

+Bm = , hin mc End ? (Kt thc) Nhp 10
+Bm =, hin Step. Tip tc bm = s hin ra 1 bng Gi tr [ X ; f(x) ]
+Nhn vo y cc bn s chn c cc cp nghim tha l: ( 6 ;8 ) hoc ( 9 ; 6)
Pha trn l 1 v d nh cc bn hiu khi qut s v chc nng c bn ca
MODE-TABLE. Ngoi ra, vi phng thc lm trc nghim, vic gi lp mt
biu thc F(x) cn mt chc nng rt Thn thnh l th p n cp tc !
Nu bn no mun bit v phng thc ny hy ch ng lin h vi mnh qua
a ch: www.fb.com/NhatHoang.YDS
PHN BN: BI TP T LUYN

(t c bn n nng cao)
Ngun: Su tm
*****
Cu 1: X l mt -Aminoaxit no, cha 1 nhm -COOH v 1 nhm -NH2. T m gam X
iu ch c m1 gam ipeptit. T 2m gam X iu ch c m2 gam tripeptit. t chy
m1 gam ipeptit thu c 0,3 mol nc. t chy m2 gam tripeptit thu c 0,55 mol
H2O. Gi tr ca m l
A. 11,25 gam.
B. 13,35 gam.
C. 22,50 gam.
D. 26,70 gam.
Cu 2: X v Y ln lt l cc Tripeptit v Tetrapeptit c to thnh t cng mt amino

axit no mch h, c mt nhm COOH v mt nhm NH2. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol
Y thu c sn phm gm CO2, H2O, N2, trong tng khi lng ca CO2 v H2O l
47,8 gam. t chy hon ton 0,3 mol X cn va ht bao nhiu mol O2 ?
A. 1,875 mol.
B. 2,025 mol.
C. 2,800 mol.
D. 3,375 mol.
Cu 3: t chy hon ton 9,92 gam hn hp gm peptit X v peptit Y (u c to t

cc amino axit no ch cha mt nhm -COOH v -NH2) bng lng oxi va thu c
Bookgol.com

N2 v 0,38 mol CO2; 0,34 mol H2O. Mt khc un nng hn hp trn vi dung dch
NaOH va th thu c m gam mui. Gi tr ca m l
A. 16,24.
B. 14,98.
C. 15,68.
D. 17,04.
Cu 4: Peptit X c to ra t cc amino axit no, mch h, ch cha mt nhm NH2

v COOH. t chy hon ton 4,59 gam X c bng lng O2 va thu c 11,07
gam hn hp sn phm gm CO2, H2O v N2. Dn ton b hn hp sn phm ny qua
bnh cha axit sunfuaric c d th thy gim 2,61 gam. Nu em thy phn hon ton
1mol X th cn bao nhiu mol KOH?
A. 5.
B. 6
.C. 7.
D. 8
Cu 5: Peptit X v peptit Y c tng s lin kt peptit bng 8. Thy phn hon ton peptit
X cng nh peptit Y u thu c Glyxin v Valin. t chy hon ton hn hp E cha
X, Y c t l mol tng ng 1 : 3 cn dng 44,352 lt O2 (ktc). Sn phm chy gm CO2,
H2O v N2. Dn ton b sn phm chy qua bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)2 d thy khi
lng bnh tng 92,96 gam, kh thot ra khi bnh c th tch 4,928 lt (ktc). Thy phn
hon ton Y thu c a mol Val v b mol Gly. T l a : b l
A. 1 : 1
B. 2 : 1
C. 3 : 2
D. 1 : 2
Cu 6: Hn hp E gm peptit Ala-X-X ( X l aminoaxit no cha 1 nhm NH2 v 1 nhm

COOH ) v axit cacboxylic Y no n chc, mch h , tc dng va vi 450 ml dung
dch NaOH 1M thu c m gam mui Z. t chy hon ton Z cn 25,2 lt O2 ( ktc ) thu
c 50,75 gam (CO2 + H2O ), N2, Na2CO3. Cng thc cu to ca X v Y l ?
A.NH2-CH2-COOH; CH3COOH
B.NH2CH2COOH; C2H5COOH
C.CH3-CH2(NH2)-COOH; CH3COOH D.CH3CH2(NH2)COOH; C2H5COOH

Cu 7: Hn hp E gm 2 peptit X,Y mch h (X,Y c cu to t glyxin v Alanin
trong nX:nY=1:2) bit tng s lin kt peptit trong X,Y l 9. Thy phn hon ton E
trong 200ml NaOH 1M va thu c dung dch Z cha 2 mui. C cn dung dch Z
thu c cht rn T. t chy T trong O2 d thu c 18,816 lt kh, hi (CO2+H2O), N2,
O2. T l s mol Gly v Ala trong X l bao nhiu ?
A.1:1
B.1:2
C.3:4
D.3:2
Bookgol.com

Cu 8: Thy phn hon ton m gam hn hp E gm 3 peptit X,Y, Z thu c 151,2 gam
hn hp cc mui natri ca gly, ala, val. t chy hon ton 151,2 gam mui cn 107,52
lt kh O2 (ktc). Mt khc t chy hon ton m gam E thu c 84,4 gam tng (H2O +
N2), CO2. Gi tr ca m gn nht
A.127
B.115
C.90
D.102
Cu 9: Hn hp E gm peptit X mch h ( cu to t Gly, Ala) v este Y ( c to ra t

phn ng este ha gia axit cacboxylic no n chc v metanol). t chy hon ton m
gam E cn 15,68 lt O2 ( ktc). Mt khc thy phn m gam E trong dung dch NaOH va
thu c 24,2 gam hn hp mui (trong s mol mui natri ca Gly ln hn s mol
mui natri ca Ala). t chy hon ton khi lng mui trn cn 20 gam O2 thu c
H2O, Na2CO3, N2 v 18,7 gam CO2. T l s mol Gly : Ala trong X l ?
A.1:1
B.1:2
C.3:4
D.3:1
Cu 10: Cho hn hp X gm cc peptit Gly-Ala, Glu-Val-Val-Lys, Ala-Val-Gly em

thy phn hon ton trong 500 ml dung dch NaOH 1,25M ( d 25% so vi lng cn
thit ) thu c dung dch Y. C cn dung dch Y c 64,7 gam rn. t chy ht
khi lng rn trn th cn V lt O2 ( ktc) , gi tr V gn nht
A.60
B.52
C.48
D.35
Cu 11: Thy phn m gam hn hp X gm 3 peptit A, B, C u cu to t cc aminoaxit

no, cha 1 nhm COOH, 1 -NH2 c t l s mol l 3:2:4 ( bit tng s oxi ca X nh hn
14) trong dung dch HCl va thu c 17,84 gam mui ca gly, 10,04 gam mui ca
ala v 12,28 gam mui ca val. Gi tr ca m l ?
A.21
B.24
C.29
D.42
Cu 12: Hn hp E gm peptit X ( CnHmOzN4) v peptit Y ( CxHyO7Nt) u mch h,

cu to t cc aminoaxit no cha 1 nhm NH2, 1 nhm COOH. Cho hn hp E phn
ng vi 2 lt dung dch NaOH 0,65M thu c dung dch Z. trung ha Z cn 100 ml
dung dch HCl 2M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c m gam mui. t chy
hon ton m gam mui trn cn 177,6 gam O2. Gi tr ca m gn nht
A.138
B.145
C.159
D.163
Cu 13: un nng 0,4 mol hn hp E gm ipeptit X, tripeptit Y, tetrapeptit Z u mch

h bng lng va dung dch NaOH thu c dung dch cha 0,5 mol glyxin v 0,4
mol mui ca alanin v 0,2 mol mui ca valin. Mt khc, t chy m gam E trong O2
Bookgol.com

va thu c hn hp CO2, H2O v N2. Trong tng khi lng ca CO2 v H2O
l 78,28 gam. Gi tr ca m gn nht vi gi tr
A. 50
B. 40
C. 45
D. 35
Cu 14: ( Nng cao ): X c cu to t 2 amino axit mch h u cha 1 nhm NH2.

Bit X tc dng hon ton vi dung dch NaOH theo phn ng sau: X ( mch h) +
6NaOH = 2A + 2B + 3H2O t chy hon ton m g X cn 1,4 mol O2 thu c hn hp
kh v hi trong tng khi lng ca (CO2 + N2) l 67,2 gam. Mt khc m gam X tc
dng dung dch HBr d th thy c 48,6 gam HBr phn ng. Tng phn t khi ca A v
B l ?
A.258
B.272
C.286
D.300
Cu 15: un nng 4,63 gam hn hp X gm ba peptit mch h vi dung dch KOH (va
). Khi cc phn ng kt thc, c cn dung dch thu c 8,19 gam mui khan ca cc
amino axit u c dng H2NCmHnCOOH. t chy hon ton 4,63 gam X cn 4,2 lt O2
(ktc), hp th ht sn phm chy (CO2, H2O, N2) vo dung dch Ba(OH)2 d. Sau phn
ng thu c m gam kt ta v khi lng phn dung dch gim bt 21,87 gam. Gi tr
ca m gn gi tr no nht sau y?
A. 35,0
B. 27,5
C. 32,5
D. 30,0
Bookgol.com
P N TRC NGHIM BI TP T LUYN

1
11
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Bookgol.com
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Tiếp Cận PEPTIT Và Đồng Đẳng Hóa

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Tiếp Cận PEPTIT Và Đồng Đẳng Hóa

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1 Bin Son: MOD Bookgol Nht Trng - fb.com/NhatHoang.

2 Bin Son: MOD Bookgol Nht Trng - fb.com/NhatHoang.YDS

Gii thiu ti liu:

y l tp ti liu mnh mun gi n cc bn hc sinh ang hc v

Di y mnh son ra chui 3 Phng Php mnh tm c cng

Ring vi ng ng Ha(--H) l mt phng php x l peptit

Cc bn hy ch v theo di k cng v nm bt tht tt kin thc

3 Bin Son: MOD Bookgol Nht Trng - fb.com/NhatHoang.YDS

y l tp peptit bn I-2015, c s gp ca cc thy c, anh ch ,

ng ng ha: Nhn c nhiu phn hi tt t mi ngi nn mnh s gi

Phn I: Gii thiu chung v PEPTIT

4 Bin Son: MOD Bookgol Nht Trng - fb.com/NhatHoang.YDS

NH2 H2C CO NH CH2 COOH

-Peptit l nhng hp cht hu c c cha t 2 n 50 gc -amino axit lin kt vi nhau

+Th hai: C 5 -amino axit thng gp v bt buc phi nh , l:

5 Bin Son: MOD Bookgol Nht Trng - fb.com/NhatHoang.YDS

+ Th ba: Cc dng bi tp trong i Hc v cc thi th u ch

Thy phn hon ton:

6 Bin Son: MOD Bookgol Nht Trng - fb.com/NhatHoang.YDS

**Trong mi trng kim

Thy phn khng hon ton:

- Ngoi ra i vi cc peptit c t 2 lin kt peptit tr ln c th tham gia phn

7 Bin Son: MOD Bookgol Nht Trng - fb.com/NhatHoang.YDS

PHN HAI: Gii thiu v dng bi tp PEPTIT

phn ny, mnh s dn ra cho cc bn v dng th 2, cng l dng hay v kh nht ,

8 Bin Son: MOD Bookgol Nht Trng - fb.com/NhatHoang.YDS

PHNG PHP 1:GP CHUI PEPTIT BNG CCH

Thc s nh vy nhng khi ngi ta bit n PP gp chui th mi chuyn dng nh kh

V d 1: Cho hai chui peptit: ipeptit X2 : Gly-Ala v tripeptit Y3: Ala-Val-Ala , hy

9 Bin Son: MOD Bookgol Nht Trng - fb.com/NhatHoang.YDS

Gly - Ala - Gly - Ala - Ala - Val - Ala 2H 2 O

V d 2: Hn hp X gm 3 peptit u mch h c t l mol tng ng l 1:1:3. Thy

Thy phn X cng nh thy phn (E+4H2O)

(Gly Ala ) (16 7)k 23k =[S mc xch]

(Gly Ala ) (16 7)k 23k = [S mt xch]

Vi k=1. Ta c ngay [S mt xch] = 23

10 Bin Son: MOD Bookgol Nht Trng - fb.com/NhatHoang.YDS

PT thy phn: E 22H2O

0,18mol 0,16 mol 0,07mol

Cch bin lun nh trn c gi l: Gi lp to k- Cc bn ch !

(Trch thi th THPT Qunh Lu- Ngh An 2015)

Ala : 0,9 mol G : A : V 8 : 9 : 10

11 Bin Son: MOD Bookgol Nht Trng - fb.com/NhatHoang.YDS

Vi bi ny, khng cn xt n Kmin chng ta c th c nh c gi tr ca k

V d 4: Thy phn hon ton m gam hn hp A gm peptit X v peptit Y (c trn

Gly : 0,4 mol

12 Bin Son: MOD Bookgol Nht Trng - fb.com/NhatHoang.YDS

mmin mGly, Ala,Val m22 H 2O 145 gam

V d 5: t chy mt lng peptit X c to bi t mt loi a-aminoaxit no cha 1

13 Bin Son: MOD Bookgol Nht Trng - fb.com/NhatHoang.YDS

*Tin hnh gii:

2.1 2.2 15 .4 66 45 k k 1,47 k 1

14 Bin Son: MOD Bookgol Nht Trng - fb.com/NhatHoang.YDS

BTNC: Hn hp M gm peptit X, peptit Y v peptit Z chng cu to t cng mt loi

PHNG PHP 2: X L HN HP PEPTIT BNG

Khi bt tay vo gii BT peptit, cc bn hn s chng vi nhng bi tp dng nh phi

Cc bn nn ch mt im, thc ra gii bi ton peptit khng nn c nh mt

15 Bin Son: MOD Bookgol Nht Trng - fb.com/NhatHoang.YDS

*Ta quy c k hiu nh sau: