Αποστολου Εξισωσεις PDF

1
apgeorge2004@yahoo.com
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2
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9
10
1

2

Vietta
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1
;
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, f (x ) = g (x )
.
, ,
x.
,
, , .
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1
, .
x + = 0, ,
.
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2
;
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1 ,
,

0 ,
.
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1
2(x + 1) = x + 3
2(x + 1) = x + 3
2x + 2 = x + 3
2x + x = 3 2
3x = 1
x=
1
3
, .
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2
x + 3 = 2(x 3) x
x + 3 = 2(x 3) x
x + 3 = 2x 6 x
x 2x + x = 6 3
0x = 8
, .
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3
5(x 3) x = 4x 15
5(x 3) x = 4x 15
5x 15 x = 4x 15
5x x 4x = 15 15
0x = 0
, x R, ,
.
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3
;
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, ,
, .
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:
x + = 0 x =
:
= 0 : x = 0x =
0 : x = x = , .
:
i. 0 , 0x = 0 ,
, .
ii. = 0 , 0x = 0 x R,
, .
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1
2 x 1 = x + (1) R.
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,
: x =
2 x 1 = x + 2 x x = 1 +
(2 1)x = 1 +
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2 1 0 1 R {1, 1}
:
1+
1
1+
=
=
x= 2
1 ( 1)( + 1) 1
=-1, (1) : 0x = 0
, .
=1, (1) : 0x = 2
, .
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4

, ;
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1
A(x )B(x ) = 0 A(x ) = 0 B(x ) = 0
..
A2 (x ) + B 2 (x ) = 0 A(x ) = 0 B (x ) = 0
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1
x 2 7x + 6 = 0
x 2 7x + 6 = 0
x 2 (6 + 1 ) x + 6 1 = 0
(x 6 ) (x 1 ) = 0
x 6=0 x 1=0
x=6 x=1
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2
(x 2)2 + (x 2 4)2 = 0
x 2 = 0 x = 2 x 2 4 = 0 x = 2
x = 2
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3
: (x 3)3 8x 3 + (x + 3)3 = 0
Euler :
+ + = 0 3 + 3 + 3 = 3
, : (x 3)3 (2x )3 + (x + 3)3 = 0
: x 3 2x + x + 3 = 0
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(x 3)3 8x 3 + (x + 3)3 = 0 (x 3)3 (2x )3 + (x + 3)3 = 0
(x 3)3 (2x )3 + (x + 3)3 = 0

3(x 3)(2x )(x + 3) = 0
x 3=0
2x = 0
x +3=0
x=3
x=0
x = 3
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5
;
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1
f (x ) = > 0 f (x ) =
,
, :
2x + 1 6 = 0
2x + 1 = 6
x + 1 = 3
x +1=3
x + 1 = 3
x=2
x = 4
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2
f (x ) = < 0
: 2x + 7 + 9 = 0 2x + 7 = 9 .
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f (x ) = g (x )
f (x ) = g (x )
f (x ) = g (x )
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4
x 1 3x + 5 = 0
x 1 3x + 5 = 0 x 1 = 3x + 5
x 1 = 3(x + 5)
x 1 = 3x + 15
x 1 = 3(x + 5)
x 1 = 3x 15
x = 8
2x = 16
4x
=
14
x=
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5
: f (x ) = f (x ) f (x ) > 0
x + 1 = x + 1 x + 1 > 0 x > 1
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6
: f (x ) = f (x ) f (x ) < 0
2x 4 = 2x + 4 2x 4 < 0 2x < 4 x < 2
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7
f (x ) = g (x ),
f (x ) 0 g (x ) 0
g (x ) 0
f (x ) = g (x ) f (x ) = g (x )
f (x ) = g (x )
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8
3x 6 = 2x 2
3x 6 = 2x 2
2x 2 0
3x 6 = 2x 2
3x 6 = 2x + 2
x1
x=4
x = 4
8
x=
8
5
x=
5
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7
f (x ) + g (x ) = 0 f (x ) 0
g (x ) 0 : f (x ) = g (x ) = 0
:
x2 4 = 0
x 4 + 3x 6 = 0
3x 6 = 0
x = 2
x=2
x = 2
2
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6
x = ;
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x = :
> 0 , x =
> 0 , x =
< 0 , x =
< 0 ,
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x 2 = 4 x = 4 = 2
x 4 = 34 .
x3 = 8 x =
8=2
x = 125 x = 3 125 = 5
x 20 = 0 x = 0
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2
,
.
x 2 + x + = 0,
, , , 0.
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7
2 ;
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= 2 4 .

> 0 x1,2 =
2
= 0 x =
2
= 0 ().
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1
2x 2 + 6x = 0
2x 2 + 6x = 0
2x (x + 3) = 0
x=0
x +3=0
x=0
x = 3
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2
x 2 4 = 0
x2 4 = 0
x2 = 4
x = 2
x .
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3
3x 2 + 16 = 0
3x 2 + 16 = 0
3x 2 = 16
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4
2x 2 5x + 3 = 0
2x 2 5x + 3 = 0 x 2 + x + = 0
= 2, = 5, = 3,
= 2 4 = (5)2 4 2 3 = 1 > 0

x1,2 =
2
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5
x 2 6x + 9 = 0
x 2 6x + 9 = 0 = 2 4 = (6)2 4 1 9 = 0
x =
6
2
=3
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6
3x 2 + 4x + 2 = 0
3x 2 + 4x + 2 = 0 = 2 4 = 42 4 3 2 = 8 < 0
.
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7
2
x 2 7x + 12 = 0
x 2 7x + 12 = 0
x 2 7x + 12 = 0 x =
2 7 + 12 = 0
= 1
=4
2 = 3
x = 4
x = 3
x = 4
x + 3
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8
;
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, ,
, .
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, ,
, .
,
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1
: x 2 + 2 = 2 2x , . R
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x 2 + 2 = 2 2 x x 2 + 2 x + 2 2 = 0
= (2)2 4(2 2 ) = 42 42 + 4 2 = 4 2
= 4 2 = 0 = 0 x = 2
0
x 1 ,2
4 2
2
=
2 + 2
+2 + 2
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, 2

x 2 + x + = 0, .

0, 0

0, < 0

0, = 0
2
0, > 0

0, > 0, S = 0

0, > 0, P = 1
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, 2

0, > 0, P > 0
0, > 0, P < 0
0, > 0, P > 0, S > 0
0, > 0, P > 0, S < 0
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R,
x 2 + 2x + = 0, 0 .
x 2 + 2x + = 0
0, = 0
: 0
= 0 22 4 2 = 0
2 = 1
= 1
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Vietta
9
Vietta;
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Vietta
Vietta
x 2 + x + = 0, 0 > 0,
x1 , x2 :
S = x1 + x2 =
P = x1 x2 =
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Vietta
1
x1 , x2 x 2 + x 12 = 0,
:
x1 + x2
x1 x2
x12 + x22
x13 + x23
(x1 x2 )2
x1 x2
x12
x2
x22
x1
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Vietta
x 2 + x 10 = 0, = 1, = 1, = 12 :
S = x1 + x2 =
= 1
= 12
x12 + x22 = (x1 + x2 )2 2x1 x2 = (1)2 2 (12) = 1 + 24 = 25

x13 + x23 = (x1 + x2 )(x12 x1 x2 + x22 ) = 1(25 + 12) = 37
(x1 x2 )2 = x12 2x1 x2 + x22 = 25 2 (12) = 49
x1 x2 = (x1 x2 )2 = 49 = 7
x12 x22 x13 + x23 37 37
+
=
=
=
x2 x1
x1 x2
12 12
P = x1 x2 =
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9
;
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x 2 + x + = 0
, = x
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4x 4 + 11x 2 3 = 0
4x 4 + 11x 2 3 = 0, x 2 =
4 2 + 11 3
= 12
2 = 1
x 2 = 12
x =1
x = 1
x=1
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10
;
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11
;
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1
2
3 , , , ,
1 2 .
A (x ) = 0
A(x )B (x )(x )...K (x ) = 0 ...
K (x ) = 0
A(x ), B (x ), (x ), ..., K (x ) .
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12
;
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, , ,
, 1
, ,
.
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( ).
0, 1
(
Horner.
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, 3x 3 + 8x 2 15x + 4 = 0
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0,
1.
3 , .
1
3 8 15
4
3
11
4
3 11 4
0
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Horner ,
3x 3 + 8x 2 15x + 4 x 1 3x 2 + 11x 4 0.
:
3x 3 + 8x 2 15x + 4 = (x 1)(3x 2 + 11x 4)
x 3 + 8x 2 15x + 4 = 0
(x 1)(3x 2 + 11x 4) = 0
x 1=0
3x + 11x 4 = 0
x=1

x = 4
x=
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1 , 2 3 x 3 + x 2 + x + = 0
2 = 1 2 + 1 3 + 2 3 =
3 = 1 2 3 =
1 = 1 + 2 + 3 =
3 1 , 2 3
x 3 1 x 2 + 2 x 3 = 0
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( )
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13
;
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:

...

.
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:
2 2x 3
2 x2
x
x 2
x 2 2x
=0
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:
2
x
x 2
2 x2
2x 3
x 2 2x
2 x2
2x 3
x 2
=0
x 2 2x
2
x
= 0 x 0 x 2
2 x2
2x 3
x 2
x (x 2 )
=0
2x 3
x 2
x ( x 2 ) + x (x 2 )
+ x ( x 2)
2 x2
x (x 2 )
2(x 2) + x (2x 3) + 2 x 2 = 0
2x 4 + 2x 2 3x + 2 x 2 = 0
x 2 x 2 = 0, = 9
x = 2
x2 = 1
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14
;
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:
, 0
0

,

, ,

.
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2x 5 +
x 2=2
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2
x

x2
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2x 5 +
x 2=2
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2x 5 +
x 2=2
( 2x 5 + x 2)2 = 22
2x 5 + x 2 + 2 (2x 5)(x 2) = 4
11
2 (2x 5)(x 2) = 11 3x , x (1)
3
(2 (2x 5)(x 2))2 = (11 3x )2
4(2x 5)(x 2) = (11 3x )2
x2
11
3
...
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x = 3 x = 27

11
x=3
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14
;
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2 +
x = x =
2 + , Z
x = x = 2 , Z
x = x = + , Z
x = x = + , Z
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,
.
rad
30
45
60
90
1
2
2
2
3
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
6
4
3
3
3
3
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, 2
2 ,
1 ,
:
(x ) = (x )
(x ) = ( x )
(x ) = (x )
(x ) = (x )
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2(2x
) = 1 0 x <
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2(2x
) = 1 (2x
(2x
)=
) =
2x = 2 +
2x = 2
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x = +
x =
4
15
15
, Z
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, 0 x < :
4
<
0 x < 0 +
15
4
0 ( + ) <
15
4
<1
0+
15
4
4
1
15
15
4
11
x =
15
=0
15
( Z)
4
15
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15
;
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x = > 0, 1
:
0, .
> 0,
.. = 1 1
x = x = x =

.
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f (x ) = g(x ) f (x ) = g (x ), > 0, 1
.
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1

3x = 9 3x = 32 x = 2
52x 4 = 1 52x 4 = 50 2x 4 = 0 2x = 4 x = 2
2x
3x
2x
3x
22
2x
3x
x 2 3x = 2 x 2 3x + 2 = 0 x = 1
= ( ) 2x
3x
= 22
x=2
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2
: 2x +1 + 2x +2 + 2x 1 + 2x 2 = 54
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2x +1 + 2x +2 + 2x 1 + 2x 2 = 54 2x 2 + 2x 22 + 2x 21 + 2x 22 = 54
2 2x + 4 2x +
1
2
2x +
1
4
2x = 54
27
2x = 54
4
27 2x = 216
2x = 8
2x = 23
x = 3.
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3
: 8x + 18x 2 27x = 0.
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8x + 18x 2 27x = 0 (23 )x + (2 9)x 2 (33 )x

23x + 2x (32 )x 2 33x = 0 23x + 2x 32x 2 33x = 0
2x 32x
23x
33x
3x
33x
33x
33x
=0
23x
33x
x
2x 32x
3x 32x
33x
33x
=0
( ) + ( ) 2 = 0 (( ) ) + ( ) 2 = 0.
3
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2 x
( ) = 3 + 2 = 0
3
1 0 1
2 1
Horner 1 1
2
1 1 2
9
3
+ 2 = 0 ( 1) ( 2 + + 2) = 0
= 1 2 + + 2 = 0 < 0.
2
( )x =
3
2 x
( ) =1
3
2 x
2 0
( ) =( )
3
3
x=0
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16
, 10 e;
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log (f (x ) = log (g (x )))

f (x ) = g (x )
log (f (x ) = log (g (x ))) = f (x ) > 0
g (x ) > 0
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x = x = log , > 0
ln 1 = 0,
ln e = 1
log 1 = 0,
log 10 = 1
ln(x1 x2 ) = ln x1 + ln x2
x1
= ln x1 ln x2
ln
x2
ln x = ln x ( ln x = ln x ... ln x)
x
x = eln = ex ln
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log10 x = 3
x = 103
x = 1000
logx 16 = 4
x 4 = 16
4
x = 16
x = 2
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2
2x 1 = 3
2x 1 = 3
x 1 = log2 3
x = 1 + log2 3
x = log2 2 + log2 3
x = log2 (2 3)
x = log2 6
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3
logx (x 2 + 3x + 2) = logx (8x 2)
, x 2 + 3x + 2 > 0, 8x 2 > 0, x > 0, x 1

logx (x 2 + 3x + 2) = logx (8x 2)
x 2 + 3x + 2 = 8x + 2
x 2 5x + 4 = 0
x = 1
x=4
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4
log2 x log4 x = 3
,
, .
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x > 0
log2 x log4 x = 3
logx
logx
log2
logx
log2
logx
log4
logx
log22
logx
=3
=3
=3
log2 2log2
2logx logx = 3 2log2
logx = log26
x = 26 = 64
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5
10x logx = x 2
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x > 0

10x logx = x 2
log (10x logx ) = log (x 2 x )

1
log10 + logx logx = logx 2 + logx 2

1
1 + log 2 x = 2logx + logx logx = w

2
1 + w 2 = 2w + w
2
2w 2 5w + 2 = 0
w =2
w=
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lox = 2
logx =
2
x = 100
x=
10
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!!!
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Αποστολου Εξισωσεις PDF

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1

(x 3)3 8x 3 + (x + 3)3 = 0 (x 3)3 (2x )3 + (x + 3)3 = 0

(x 3)3 (2x )3 + (x + 3)3 = 0

x12 + x22 = (x1 + x2 )2 2x1 x2 = (1)2 2 (12) = 1 + 24 = 25

A(x )B (x )(x )...K (x ) = 0 ...

(2 (2x 5)(x 2))2 = (11 3x )2

4(2x 5)(x 2) = (11 3x )2

8x + 18x 2 27x = 0 (23 )x + (2 9)x 2 (33 )x

log (f (x ) = log (g (x ))) = f (x ) > 0

, x 2 + 3x + 2 > 0, 8x 2 > 0, x > 0, x 1

log (10x logx ) = log (x 2 x )

log10 + logx logx = logx 2 + logx 2

1 + log 2 x = 2logx + logx logx = w

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