Anirudha Laxman Katkar / International Journal of New Technologies in Science and Engineering

Vol. 2, Issue. 4,October 2015, ISSN 2349-0780

DESIGN AND MECHANIZATION OF OIL

EXPELLER
Anirudha L. Katkar *1, Dr.C. N. Sakhale2, S. K. Undirwade3
M. Teach Student (M.E.D ),Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Priyadarshini College of Engineering,Nagpur- India 440019
1
Email: anirudhalaxmankatkar@gmail.com
2
Associate Professor,Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Priyadarshini College of Engineering,Nagpur- India 440019
2
Email: chsakhale@gmail.com
3
Assistant Professor,Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Priyadarshini College of Engineering,Nagpur- India 440019
2
Email: siddharthundirwade@gmail.com

*1

Abstract-Today we know that the India is a developing country and we the main occupation of
the people living in India is Agriculture! Yes! Still today! But as we know that Indian Farmers
are facing so much problems in their life this is because the uncertainty of the rain this is
natural calamity which is most common in our area other than this there are many problems
such as their socio economic condition. And this is surely not a natural calamity, so in that case
we surely can assist farme5rs by designing the more efficient machines that will be more helpful
to the farmers. Which leads to me one common idea i.e. to design an oil expeller, which could be
more affordable and surely that can assist the Indian Farmer in his daily earning. The recent
upsurge of the interest in the demand of for oil from groundnut has prompted the development
of more efficient mechanical oil expeller
Keywords-Ground nut, Expeller, Mechanization
I. INTRODUCTION
Groundnut, or peanut, is commonly called the poor man's nut. Today it is an important oilseed and
food crop. This plant is native to South America and has never been found uncultivated. The botanical
name for groundnut, ArachishypogaeaLinn., is derived from two Greek words, Arachismeaning a
legume and hypogaeameaning below ground, referring to the formation of pods in the soil.
USES OF GROUNDNUT OIL
1. Wonderfully pleasant, sweet-flavored peanut oil is low in saturated fats, free from cholesterol,
contains essential fatty acid ( linoleic acid (omega-6)) making it as one of the healthiest cooking oils.
2. Being a vegetable oil, it is a good source of plant sterols, especially -sitosterol. The FDA has
approved the following claim for phytosterols: "Foods containing at least 0.4 gram per serving of plant
sterols, eaten twice a day with meals for a daily total intake of at least 0.8 gram, as part of a diet low in
saturated fat and cholesterol, may reduce the risk of heart disease." Phyto-sterols competitively inhibit
cholesterol absorption in the gut and thereby can reduce cholesterol levels by 10% to 15%.
There are two main types of processes for extraction of oil from oil seeds. One is physical process and
another is chemical process. The physical process involves the use of manual squeezing of ground nut
sample by hand. The chemical extraction method is technically more effective and efficient for oil
extraction. It involves the use of chemical or solvent and this is otherwise known as solvent extraction.

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Anirudha Laxman Katkar / International Journal of New Technologies in Science and Engineering
Vol. 2, Issue. 4,October 2015, ISSN 2349-0780

The operating principal of continuous mechanical pressing equipment or proposed oil expeller consists
a helical screw which moves the material, compressing it, and at the same time, eliminating the oil and
producing the cake. The volume of the forced oil seeds mass is being reduces as the transition takes
place through the barrel or the casing, causing the compression of the cake and the resulting output of
oil by the linings in the equipment while the de-oiled cake is discharged through the annular ending of
the process unit. This screw press or oil expeller can be operated by electric motor, diesel or even
human powered flywheel. Here, the oil expeller is powered by human powered flywheel.
II. POWER REQUIREMENT OF MACHINE
The total power requirement of the machine is the sum of the power to drive the process unit ( PD) and
power to extract the oil ( PE) [11], so
=
+
Where, ( PD) = TDD
But, TD= WDRD Where,WD = Weight of the pressing Screw=2.129.81=20.7972N;RD = radius of
the pressing screw= 0.022m; D= Angular velocity of pressing screw = . = 19.9805
/
So,
= 20.7972 0.022 0.4575 = 0.46
And, = 0.46 19.9805 = 9.1416
Now, power to extract oil
Since, [10] and [11]
i)
Average surface area of a groundnut seed = 0.000121m2
ii)
Force required to crush a groundnut seed = 46.2N
So, stress () in the seed can be given by, [10] and [11]
.
=
=
= 381818.1818 /
Now, power to extract oil is defined by,
.

and = Where,
PE=power required to extract oil, Watt;TS=Torque of screw in relation with shear stress of groundnut;
DO= Major diameter of screw (0.044m)
.

.
=
= 6.3829
And, = 19.98 = 127.53
Now total power required, PT = 9.1416+127.53= 136.6716 Watt= 0.183205 hp
Now, taking factor of safety in consideration, when the seeds fed to the screw are more and the angular
velocity variation of screw,We assume factor of safety as 2
So the Total power = 20.183205= 0.3664 hp
Thus from above calculations, it is somehow confirmed that the demand power for oil expeller is equal
to 0.3664hp. However, at present the torque due to sprockets and frictional torque due to bearings are
not considered so far. Hence, it is assumed that to overcome these torques and overload conditions it
may further demand 0.1335 hp. Therefore the total power which is to be supplied to the machine will
be approximately 0.5 hp.
III.DESIGN OF VARIOUS PARTS
=

DESIGN OF CHAIN DRIVE

In present case,
Rated power =0.5hp; Speed of pinion = Np= 275 rpm; Teeth on pinion = 16; Centre distance = 580mm
Design power, Pd:
=
= 0.5*1.4 = 0.7hp =0.522KW
For smaller sprockets running at 275rpm and Pd=0.5222KW select a single strand, Chain No. =40;
Pitch in mm = 12.7
To find pitch circle diameter:
=
= ( . )=65mm

Now find the teeth of bigger sprocket, V.R = 2.75; . =

P.C.D of bigger sprocket;

.
.

; 2.75 =

= 178.02;

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; N.G. = 100

= 44

Anirudha Laxman Katkar / International Journal of New Technologies in Science and Engineering
Vol. 2, Issue. 4,October 2015, ISSN 2349-0780

26 25 cos

Now find pith line velocity, =

=
Now to find out power capacity/strand:
=

No. of strands on sprocket =

Length of the chain in pitches:

= 56.155

= 0.6536 10

.
.

= 0.85 = 1

Recommended wear load, Fw:= 0.35 = 0.35 12.7 = 56.45

Maximum permissible bore: <

i.e. < 34.92

Hence design is safe.

= 0.6536

= 122

DESIGN OF FLYWHEEL
In the forthcoming design following terminologies are used
M = mass of flywheel; = density of material; Do= outside diameter of flywheel; Rim Diameter =
350mm; Rim width = 50mm; Rim thickness = 50mm
Mass of the flywheel:
Material of the flywheel = cast iron ( = 7200 kg/m3)
m = *w*h**D==19.79= 21
Moment of inertia of the flywheel, =
= 21 0.175 = 0.643125
The K.E. of flywheel: . . =
= 266.6675
Now after calculating the K. E. one can calculate required power from human power. Suppose the time
required per second
. .
.
2
=
=
= 0.35746 Let, the rim cross section be A m .
=

= 2.6525 10

We Know, = 2 and = 2 So,

2.6525 10 = 2 So, = 0.03641 = 364
And = 2 = 0.0728365
Now find out stress in the flywheel, For that assume < 1600 /
=

60

== 5.039

= 72

Stresses in Flywheel: Centrifugal stress, 1 = 0.18282 /

Flywheel construction detail: Hub diameter, = 2 50
; Hub length,
DESIGH OF SHAFT 1

= 2

= 50

Speed of small sprocket N1 = 275 rpm;Pitch circle dia of small sprocket = 65 mm

Design Torque: = = . = 23.821
Calculate the moment due to flywheel
=
= 5395.5
; = ( ) + ( ) = (1 99.3284) + (1 23821)
= = (1 99.3284) + (1 23821) = 42
So, we get = 23.76 = 25
Hence design is safe
DESIGN OF SHAFT 2
Torque Transmitted by the shaft,
=

= 34.33

= 457.73

= 34.33 10

; Tangential force on gear,

.
Now Normal load acting, =
=
= 487.109
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Anirudha Laxman Katkar / International Journal of New Technologies in Science and Engineering
Vol. 2, Issue. 4,October 2015, ISSN 2349-0780

= 18185.40

=38849.16 =

( ) + ( ) = 18185.4 + 34330 = 38849.16

72

So,

DESIGN OF ANTIFRICTION BEARING

= 14.006 = 15

; Hence design is safe

The maximum reaction developed at bearing 565.2025 N is considered for designing the bearing.
Equivalent load coming on bearing: Fe = (XFr+ YFa)KsKoKpKr
(Since, Fr = radial load, NFa =
axial load, N)
Fr= 565.2025 N;Fa= 0 N;e = Fa/ F = 0 selecting self-aligning ball bearing;X = 1, Y = 2.3 ;Kp = 1 (no
preloaded bearing);Kr = 1(outer race fixed inner race rotating);Ks = 2 (moderate shock load)
Fe = (XFr+ YFa) KsKoKpKr (Since Kp= preloading factor,Kr = rotational factor,Ks= service factor.)
= (1x 565.2025 + 0) x 1 x 1 x 1 x 2= 1130.405 N
Life of bearing, L (million revolution):
L = (C/Fe) n Kret. ( C = dynamic load capacity;Kret = reliability factor;D = outer race diameter;d =
inner race diameter;B = bearing width.)
L = 500 (demonstration model) ;n = 3 for ball bearing;Kret = 1 (reliability = 90%);C =(500)(1/3) x Fe;
C = 4486.015215 N;Selecting series 02xx ( C = 11000);Dimension d = 25 mm; D = 52 mm,;B = 15
mm
IV.MODELING AND FABRICATION

Figure 6.2 Side view of the model

Figure 6.4 Top View of the model

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Anirudha Laxman Katkar / International Journal of New Technologies in Science and Engineering
Vol. 2, Issue. 4,October 2015, ISSN 2349-0780

V.COST ESTIMATION OF PROPOSED OIL EXPELLER

Sr.
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Total

Name of the
Materials
component
L' shape angle(
MS
frame body )
MS
Shaft
MS
Flywheel
CI
Press Screw
CI
MS
Anti-friction
Bearings
MS
Nut and bolts
MS
MS
Chain
MS
Sprockets
CI
Freewheel
CI
Bicycle body
MS
Paint
----electrical wires
----Heating coil i.e.
Nicrome wire
----Dimmer
-----

Qty.
15m
1
1
1
1
2
1
30
1
1
3
1
1
----6m
1m
1

Wt in Rate
Kg
in Rs.
----5
2
21kg
-----------------------------------------------------

Amount

120

1800

60
60
60
3000
350
250
5
110
110
80
200
2000
250
15

300
120
1320
3000
700
250
150
110
110
240
200
2000
250
90

50

50

900

900
11590

MISCELLANEOUS COST:
Labour cost = 1500Rs ; Fabrication charges = 1800Rs; Oil paint charges = 300 Rs.
TOTAL COST:Material cost +Miscellaneous cost Total cost= 11590+1500+1800+300Rs.
The overall estimated cost for the fabrication is approximately Rs.15190 /- which can be affordable by
the farmers. The machines require very less maintenance and running cost is also very low. The
assembly and disassembly of this machine is very easy that can be done by local farmers.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

VI. ADVANTAGE
Easy in operation
Simple in construction
Light weight
Easy to maintain
Portable
Affordable
VII. FUTURE SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

Research is the unending activity after every research some issues will definitely come out and these
issues are available for coming researchers. These issues provide the wide scope for the future design
making that machine more and more efficient.
In this oil expeller machine also there is a lot scope for future development such as improvement in
design, safety, utility, and use of gear box.

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Anirudha Laxman Katkar / International Journal of New Technologies in Science and Engineering
Vol. 2, Issue. 4,October 2015, ISSN 2349-0780

VIII.CONCLUSION
1. A new concept in terms of human powered flywheel is applied for design of an oil expeller which
finds suitable and comfortable.
2. This machine provides an ease to operator while seating as the arrangement of the seat is
adjustable in various cone depending on the need of an operator.
3. The demand power of the proposed mechanism is estimated to be 0.5hp
4. The proposed mechanism of oil expeller is very affordable to the Indian farmers as well as rural
dwellers.
5. Also the oil expeller designed is portable.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I am thankful to the project guide Dr. C. N. Sakhale and assistant professor Siddharth K. Undirwade
for their valuable guidance and encouragement in carrying out this project work. I also wish to express
my gratitude to other staff members who are rendering their help during my project work.
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Anirudha Laxman Katkar / International Journal of New Technologies in Science and Engineering
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