TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN 5401: 2010

ISO 5173: 2009
TH PH HY MI HN VT LIU KIM LOI TH UN
Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials Bend tests
Li ni u
TCVN 5401: 2010 thay th cho TCVN 5401: 1991.
TCVN 5401: 2010 hon ton tng ng vi ISO 5173: 2009.
TCVN 5401: 2010 do Ban k thut Tiu chun Quc gia TCVN/TC 44 Qu trnh hn bin son,
Tng cc tiu chun o lng Cht lng ngh, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh cng b.
TH PH HY MI HN VT LIU KIM LOI TH UN
Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials Bend tests
1. Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun ny qui nh phng php tin hnh cc php th un ngang mt y, mt u v
mt bn ca cc mu th c ly t cc mi hn gip mp, mi hn gip mp cng vi lp ph
b mt nng cao bn chu n mn v chu nhit (c phn chia thnh mi hn trong cc
tm vt liu ph v cc mi hn ca vt liu ph) v t vt liu ph khng c mi hn gip mp
nh gi tnh do v/hoc khng c cc khuyt tt trn hoc gn b mt ca mu th. Tiu
chun ny cng qui nh cc kch thc ca mu th.
Ngoi ra, tiu chun ny qui nh phng php tin hnh cc php th un dc mt y v mt
u c s dng thay cho cc php th un ngang i vi cc b phn hn khng ng nht
khi cc kim loi c bn v/hoc kim loi in y c cc tnh cht vt l v c tnh lin quan n
un rt khc nhau.
Tiu chun ny p dng cho cc vt liu kim loi trong tt c cc dng sn phm c cc mi hn
c to bng bt c qu trnh hn h quang nng chy no.
2. Thut ng v nh ngha
Tiu chun ny p dng cc thut ng v nh ngha sau:
2.1. Mu th un ngang mt u mi hn gip mp, TFBB (transverse face bend test
specimen for a butt weld TFBB)
Mu th m b mt chu ko l mt cha chiu rng ln hn ca mi hn hoc mt chu tc
dng trc tin ca h quang hn, p dng cho cc mu th mi hn gip mp theo chiu
ngang.
Xem Hnh 1.
2.2. Mu th un ngang mt y mi hn gip mp, TRBB (transverse root bend test
specimen for a butt weld TRBB)
Mu th m b mt chu ko l mt i din vi mt ca mu th n mt u mi hn gip
mp, p dng cho cc mu th mi hn gip mp theo chiu ngang.
Xem Hnh 2.
2.3. Mu th un ngang mt bn mi hn gip mp, SBB (transverse side bend test specimen
for a butt weld SBB)
Mu th m b mt chu ko l mt mt ct ngang ca mi hn.

Xem Hnh 3.
2.4. Mu th un dc mt u mi hn gip mp, LFBB (longitudinal face test specimen for a
butt weld LFBB)
Mu th un dc mt y mi hn gip mp, LRBB (longitudinal root bend test specimen for a
butt weld LRBB)
Mu th m hng song song vi hng ca mi hn gip mp, p dng cho cc mu th un
mt u v mt y mi hn gip mp theo chiu dc.
Xem Hnh 4.
2.5. Mu th un mt u i vi lp ph khng c mi hn gip mp, FBC (face bend test
specimen for cladding without a butt weld FBC)
Mu th c lp ph chu ko, p dng cho c cc mu th un ngang v dc.
Xem Hnh 5.
2.6. Mu th un mt bn i vi lp ph khng c mi hn gip mp, SBC (side bend test
specimen for cladding without a butt weld SBC)
Mu th m mt ct ngang ca lp ph chu ko, p dng cho c cc mu th un ngang v dc
Xem Hnh 6.
2.7. Mu th un mt u i vi lp ph c mi hn gip mp, FBCB (face bend test
specimen for cladding with a butt weld FBCB)
Mu th un mt bn i vi lp ph c mi hn gip mp, SBCB (side bend test specimen
for cladding with a butt weld SBCB)
Mu th m lp ph chu ko hoc mt ct ngang ca lp ph chu ko v c cha mt mi hn
gip mp.
Xem Hnh 7 v Hnh 8.
3. Nguyn l
Cho mt mu th c ly theo chiu ngang hoc chiu dc t mt mi hn, chu bin dng do
bng cch un mu m khng o chiu un sao cho mt trong cc b mt hoc cc mt ct
ngang ca mi hn chu ko.
Nu khng c qui nh no khc th php th phi c thc hin nhit mi trng xung
quanh (23 5) oC.
Phi tin hnh php th theo mt trong cc phng php c m t trong iu 6.
4. K hiu v cc thut ng vit tt
4.1. K hiu
Xem Bng 1 v Hnh 1 n Hnh 15.
4.2. Cc thut ng vit tt
TFBB Mu th un ngang mt u mi hn gip mp
TRBB Mu th un ngang mt y mi hn gip mp
SBB Mu th un ngang mt bn mi hn gip mp
LFBB Mu th un dc mt u mi hn gip mp
LRBB Mu th un dc mt y mi hn gip mp
FBC Mu th un mt u i vi lp ph khng c mi hn gip mp
SBC Mu th un mt bn i vi lp ph khng c mi hn gip mp

FBCB Mu th un mt u i vi lp ph c mi hn gip mp
SBCB Mu th un mt bn i vi lp ph c mi hn gip mp
Bng 1 K hiu v tn gi
K hiu

Tn gi

n v

gin di nh nht sau khi t, tnh bng phn trm, ca vt

liu c bn

Chiu rng ca mu th

mm

b1

Chiu rng ca phn pha ngoi ng nng chy

mm

ng knh ca dng to hnh hoc con ln bn trong

mm

ng knh ngoi ca ng a

mm

Khong cch gia cc con ln

mm

Lf

Khong cch ban u gia im tip xc ca con ln v

ng tm mi hn

mm

Lo

Chiu di o ban u

mm

Ls

Chiu rng ln nht ca mi hn sau khi gia cng c

mm

Lt

Tng chiu di ca mu th

mm

Bn knh cc mp ca mu th

mm

Bn knh ca cc con ln

mm

Chiu dy ca phi mu th

mm

tc

Chiu dy ca lp ph

mm

ts

Chiu dy ca mu th

mm

tw

Chiu dy ca vt liu c bn di lp ph

mm

Gc un

Thut ng ng ng mt mnh hoc kt hp vi cc t hoc thut ng khc c dng vi

ngha l ng hoc on rng (khng c mt ct ngang ch nht)
4.3. Cc hnh v tng ng vi cc thut ng vit tt
Cc Hnh 1 n Hnh 8 gii thiu cc mu un th i vi cc mi hn gip mp v lp ph.

Hnh 1 Mu th un ngang mt u mi hn gip mp (TFBB)

Hnh 2 Mt th un ngang mt y mi hn gip mp (TRBB)

Hnh 3 Mu th un ngang mt bn mi hn gip mp (SBB)

Hnh 4 Mu th un dc mi hn gip mp (LFBB v LRBB)

Hnh 5 Mu th un mt u i vi lp ph khng c mi hn gip mp (FBC)

Hnh 6 Mu th un mt bn i vi lp ph khng c mi hn gip mp (SBC)

Hnh 7 Mu th un mt u i vi lp ph c mi hn gip mp (FBCB)

Hnh 8 Mu th un mt bn i vi lp ph c mi hn gip mp (SBCB)

5. Chun b mu th
5.1. Qui nh chung
Mu th phi c chun b sao cho khng nh hng n vt liu c bn hoc kim loi mi
hn.
5.2. V tr
th un ngang cc mi hn gip mp, mu th phi c ly theo chiu ngang t mi hn
ca sn phm trong sn xut hoc t cc phi mu th sao cho sau khi gia cng c ng trc
ca mi hn s gia mu th hoc v tr thch hp cho th nghim.
th un dc cc mi hn gip mp, mu th phi c ly theo chiu dc t mi hn ca
sn phm trong sn xut hoc t phi mu th.
V tr v hng ly mu ca cc mu th un i vi vt liu ph phi theo qui nh ca tiu
chun p dng hoc theo tha thun gia cc bn tham gia hp ng
5.3. Ghi nhn

Mi phi mu th phi c ghi nhn nhn bit v tr chnh xc ca n trong sn phm c

sn xut hoc trn mi ni t ly ra phi mu th.
Nu c yu cu ca tiu chun p dng c lin quan th phi nh du hng gia cng (v d,
cn hoc p n).
Mi mu th phi c ghi nhn nhn bit v tr chnh xc ca n trong phi mu th t
ly ra mu th.
5.4. X l nhit v/hoc ha gi
Khng c p dng x l nhit cho mi hn hoc mu th tr khi tiu chun p dng c lin
quan n mi hn c th qui nh hoc cho php.
Ni dung chi tit ca bt c s x l nhit no cng phi c ghi li trong bo co th. Nu
thc hin vic ha gi t nhin i vi cc hp kim nhm th phi ghi li thi gian t khi hn ti
khi th nghim.
5.5. Ly mu
5.5.1. Qui nh chung
Cc qu trnh gia cng c hoc gia cng bng nhit ly mu th khng c lm thay i cc
tnh cht ca mu th theo bt c cch no. Cho php loi b bng gia cng c bt c phn vt
liu no b nh hng ca qu trnh ct bng nhit vi iu kin cc kch thc hon thin ca
mu th p ng cc yu cu ca tiu chun ny.
5.2.2. Thp
Khng c s dng phng php dp ct i vi mu c chiu dy > 8 mm. Nu s dng
phng php ct bng nhit hoc cc phng php ct khc c th nh hng n cc b mt
ca vt ct ly mu th t tm thp hn hoc t phi mu th th cc vt ct phi c thc
hin cch mu th mt khong 3 mm nhng trong bt c trng hp no (ty thuc vo qu
trnh c s dng) cng khng c dn n cc hu qu v mt luyn kim c th nh hng
n cc kt qu th.
5.5.3. Vt liu kim loi khc
Khng cho php c cc b mt c ct bng p lc hoc bng nhit trn cc mu th un; ch
c s dng phng php gia cng c (v d, ca, mi hoc phay).
5.6. Kch thc mu th
5.6.1. Php th un ngang mt y v mt u ca mi hn gip mp (TFBB v TRBB)
Xem cc Hnh 1.2 v Hnh 9.
i vi cc php th un ngang mt y v mt u ca mi hn gip mp, chiu dy ca mu
th, ts, phi bng chiu dy ca vt liu c bn lin k vi mi hn c chiu dy ln nht 30 mm.
Nu chiu dy ca phi mu th, t, ln hn 10 mm th chiu dy ca mu th, t s, c th c gia
cng c hoc cng c hon thin t mt pha n chiu dy (10 0,5) mm nh ch dn trn
Hnh 1 v Hnh 2. Mt u hoc mt y ca mi hn phi chu ko khi un mu th.
Khi tiu chun p dng c lin quan yu cu phi th nghim ton b chiu dy ln hn 10 mm
th c th ly nhiu mu th ph ton b chiu dy ca mi hn nh ch dn trn Hnh 9.
Trong trng hp ny phi nhn dng v tr ca mu th trn chiu dy ca mi hn.
5.6.2. Php th un ngang mt bn ca mi hn gip mp (SBB)
Xem Hnh 3 v Hnh 10.
i vi cc php th un mt bn, chiu dy ca mu th, b, phi bng chiu dy ca vt liu
c bn ca mi hn. Mu th phi c chiu dy, ts, t nht l bng (10 0,5) mm, tr khi c qui
nh khc trong tiu chun c lin quan.

Khi chiu dy ca mi hn vt qu 40 mm, cho php b tr mu th trong mt phng ca chiu

dy phi mu th nh ch ra trn Hnh 10. Trong cc trng hp ny phi nhn dng v tr ca
mu th trn chiu dy ca mi hn.
5.6.3. Php th un dc ca mi hn gip mp (LFBB v LRBB)
Xem Hnh 4.
i vi cc php th un dc, chiu dy ca mu th, t s, phi bng chiu dy ca vt liu c bn
gn mi hn, nhng khng vt qu 10 mm. Nu chiu dy ca phi mu th, t, ln hn 10 mm
th chiu dy ca mu th, ts, c th c gia cng c hoc gia cng c hon thin t mt pha
n chiu dy bng (10 0,5) mm nh ch dn trn Hnh 4. Mt u hoc mt y ca mi
hn phi chu ko khi un mu th.
5.6.4. Php th un mt u ca vt liu lp ph khng c mi hn gip mp (FBC)
Xem Hnh 5.
i vi cc php th un mt u ca vt liu lp ph, chiu dy ca mu th, t s, phi bng
chiu dy ca vt liu c bn cng vi chiu dy ca lp ph, nhng khng c vt qu 10
mm. Nu chiu dy ca phi mu th, t, ln hn 10 mm th chiu dy ca mu th, t s, c th
c gia cng c hoc gia cng c hon thin t vt liu c bn ti chiu dy bng (10 0,5)
mm nh ch trn Hnh 5, nu chiu dy ca lp ph cho php.
Khi chiu dy ca vt liu c bn cng vi lp ph ln hn ts, th cho php ct gt i lp vt liu
c bn to ra chiu dy mu th, ts, ph hp vi tiu chun p dng hoc theo tha thun
ca cc bn tham gia hp ng.
5.6.5. Php th un mt bn ca vt liu lp ph khng c mi hn gip mp (SBC)
Xem Hnh 6.
i vi cc php th un mt bn ca vt liu lp ph, chiu rng, b, ca mu th phi bng
chiu dy ca vt liu c bn cng vi chiu dy ca lp ph n ti a l 40 mm. Mu th phi
c chiu dy, ts, t nht l bng (10 0,5) mm, tr khi c qui nh khc trong tiu chun p dng
c lin quan. Khi chiu dy ca vt liu c bn cng vi lp ph vt qu 40 mm th cho php
ct gt i lp vt liu c bn to ra chiu rng mu th, b, ph hp vi tiu chun p dng c
lin quan hoc theo tha thun gia cc bn tham gia hp ng.
5.6.6. Php th un ngang mt u ca vt liu lp ph c mi hn gip mp (FBCB)
Xem Hnh 7.
i vi cc php th un ngang ca vt liu lp ph, chiu dy ca mu th, t s, phi bng chiu
dy ca vt liu c bn cng vi chiu dy ca lp ph, nhng khng vt qu 10 mm. Nu
chiu dy ca phi mu th, t, ln hn 10 mm th chiu dy ca mu th, t s, c th bng (10
0,5) mm, nu chiu dy ca lp ph cho php.
Trong trng hp ny, v tr ca mi hn phi gia mu th hoc v tr thch hp cho th
nghim.
Khi php th lin quan n ton b mi lin kt bao gm c mi ni gip mp v lp ph v khi
chiu dy ca mi ni ln hn ts, th c th ly nhiu mu th nh m t trong 5.6.1 v Hnh
9.
Khi mc ch ca php th ch l kim tra lp ph v khi chiu dy ca vt liu c bn cng vi
lp ph ln hn ts, th khng yu cu phi c thm cc php th trn vt liu c bn.

Hnh 9 Cc mu th un mt y v mt u ca mi hn gip mp (TFBB, TRBB, LFBB

v LRBB)

Hnh 10 Cc mu th un mt bn ca mi hn gip mp (SBB)

5.6.7. Kch thc
5.6.7.1. Chiu di
Tng chiu di, Lt, ca cc mu th phi bng gi tr yu cu v phi p ng cc yu cu ca
cc tiu chun p dng thch hp.
5.6.7.2. Chiu dy
Chiu dy ca cc mu th, ts, phi ph hp vi 5.6.1 n 5.6.6.
5.6.7.3. Chiu rng
a) Cc php th un ngang mt y hoc mt u:
1) i vi cc tm
Chiu rng, b, ca mu th phi rng l 4 ts hoc ln hn, tr khi c qui nh khc trong tiu
chun p dng c lin quan.
2) i vi cc ng, chiu rng, b, ca mu th t nht phi l:
- i vi ng knh ng 50 mm
b = t + 0,1 D
(ng knh nh nht 8 mm);
- i vi ng knh ng > 50 mm:
b = t + 0,5 D
(ng knh nh nht 8 mm, nhng khng nn vt qu 40 mm).
i vi ng knh ngoi D > 25 x chiu dy thnh ng, mu th c th c ly nh yu cu
i vi cc tm phng;
b) Cc php th un ngang mt bn:
Chiu rng b ca mu th thng phi bng chiu dy ca vt liu c bn gn mi hn.
c) Cc php th un dc

Chiu rng b ca mu th phi l

b = Ls+ 2b1
trong b1= 15 mm, tr khi c qui nh khc trong tiu chun p dng c lin quan v/hoc theo
tha thun gia cc bn tham gia hp ng.
5.6.7.4. Mp (cnh)
Cc mp (cnh) ca mu th trn mt u chu ko phi c v trn bng phng php gia
cng c n bn knh r khng vt qu 0,2 ts n ti a l 3 mm (xem Hnh 1 n Hnh 8).
5.6.8. Chun b b mt
Phi thc hin cc giai on cui cng ca vic chun b b mt bng gia cng c hoc mi, c
ch thch ng ti vic trnh s ha cng to ra ng sut b mt hoc nung nng vt liu qu
mc. Trong phm vi chiu di l (xem Hnh 11 n Hnh 13), b mt khng c c cc vt xc
hoc rnh khc ngang qua hng mu th, ngoi tr cc vt chy cnh l khng c loi b
nu khng c yu cu ca tiu chun p dng c lin quan.
Cc b mt ca mu th phi c gia cng c sao cho tt c cc kim loi d tha ca mi hn
phi c loi b, tr khi c qui nh khc trong tiu chun p dng c lin quan hoc theo tha
thun ca cc bn tham gia hp ng. Nu khng c qui nh no khc th mt lp ng hn
ngu c th c li bn trong cc ng c ng knh nh pha i din vi gi un.
6. iu kin th
6.1. S n mn axit
Trc khi bt u php th un, c th phi to ra hnh dng v v tr ca vng nng chy hoc
ng nng chy bng cch cho n mn nh c th nhn thy bng mt thng b mt ca mu
th c ko.
6.2. Tin hnh th
6.2.1. Th vi mt dng un
Xem cc Hnh 11 n 14.
Phi thc hin php th bng cch t mu th trn hai gi ta gm cc con ln song song
( xem cc Hnh 11 n 13) hoc g kiu ch U (xem Hnh 14).
Mi hn phi gia cc con ln, tr cc php th un dc. Mu th phi c un bng cch
cht ti tun t v lin tc gia khong cch hai gi ta trn ng trc ca mi hn ln mt
dng un (un ba im) t vung gc vi b mt ca mu th.
Cc bn knh ca chy un v khun un i vi g un kiu ch U phi ph hp vi Bng 2.
Bng 2 Cc kch thc ca g un kiu ch U
Chiu dy mu th

Bn knh chy

Bn knh khun

mm

mm

mm

10

20

32

ts

2 ts

r P + ts + 2

d + 2 ts + 3 l d + 3 ts
Hnh 11 Php th un ngang

d + 2 ts + 3 l d + 3 ts
d 1,3 Ls - ts
Hnh 12 Php th un ngang i vi mt bn mi hn gip mp

d + 2 ts + 3 l d + 3 ts
Hnh 13 Php th un dc i vi mi hn gip mp
Kch thc tnh bng milimt

CH DN
rP bn knh chy un
rD bn knh khun un
1 khun un

2 chy un
3 l cn kp cht chy un vi my th
Hnh 14 V d v dng g un kiu ch U sao cho php th un cc mu th mng
6.2.2. Th vi mt con ln
Xem Hnh 15.
Php th un c dn hng vi mt con ln l mt phng php th khc c th dng cho cc
hp kim nhm v cho cc mi lin kt trong cc vt liu khc trong kim loi mi hn hoc mt
trong cc vt liu c hn c gii hn chy hoc bn th ko thp hn so vi vt liu c
bn khc.
Php th phi c thc hin bng cch kp cht chc chn mt u ca mu th trong thit b
th c mt con ln song song vi mt dng un. Mu th phi c un vi ti trong tc dng
t t v lin tc bng cch quay con ln bn ngoi theo mt cung trn c tm nm trn ng
trc ca dng un.

0,7 d Lf 0,9 d
Hnh 15 Phng php th un bng mt con ln
6.3. ng knh ca dng v con ln
ng knh ca dng un hoc con ln bn trong phi bng 4t s i vi kim loi c bn c
gin di A 20 %. i vi kim loi c bn c gin di A < 20 % th phi p dng cng thc
sau tr khi c qui nh khc trong tiu chun p dng c lin quan

d=

100 xt s
ts
A

6.4. Khong cch gia cc con ln

Xem cc Hnh 11 n 13.
6.5. Gc un
Php th c hon thnh khi t ti nh ngha v s hon thnh php th c cho trong tiu
chun p dng c lin quan. Mt khc c th p dng cc nh ngha sau:
- i vi cc Hnh 11 n 13: Php th c hon thnh khi mu th c loi b khi y ca
g th un.
- i vi Hnh 14: Php th c hon thnh khi khng th lng si dy thp 3 mm vo gia
mu th v g pha di.
- i vi Hnh 15: Php th c hon thnh khi con ln bn ngoi di chuyn c mt gc 180 o
tnh t thi im bt u un.
6.6. gin di khi un
Khi c yu cu phi o gin di, cc mu th un mt y hoc mt u ca mi hn gip
mp bng thp phi c chiu di o:
- i vi cc mi hn nng chy
Lo = L s
hoc
Lo = 2 Ls
hoc
Lo = Ls - ts
- i vi cc mi hn p lc, mi hn bng chm tia la in v tia laze:
Lo = ts
hoc
Lo = 2ts
7. Kt qu th
Sau khi th un, phi kim tra c b mt bn ngoi v cc mt bn ca mu th.
Phi nh gi mu th un v bo co v s ph hp vi tiu chun p dng c lin quan.
8. Bo co th
Bo co th phi bao gm t nht cc thng tin sau:
a) S hiu tiu chun ny, ngha l TCVN 5401 : 2010 (ISO 5173 : 2009);
b) Nhn dng mu th (ghi nhn, loi vt liu c bn, x l nhit v.v);
c) Hnh dng v kch thc ca mu th;
d) Kiu v k hiu ca php th un (php th un ngang hoc dc mt y v mt u, php
th un ngang mt bn);
e) iu kin th (xem iu 6);
- Cc phng php th (dng hoc con ln);
- ng knh ca dng un;

- Khong cch gia cc con ln.

f) Nhit th nu khng trong di nhit (23 5) oC;
g) Loi v kch thc ca cc khuyt tt c quan st;
h) Gc un
Mt v d v mu bo co th c cho trong Ph lc A.
PH LC A
(Tham kho)
V D V MT BO CO TH
No
Theo

pWPS..

Theo

kt qu Th un
kt qu th.

Nh sn xut:
Mc ch kim tra:
Dng sn phm:
Vt liu c bn: .
Vt liu hn: ..
Nhit th: .
Bng A1 Th un theo TCVN 5401 (ISO 5173 : 2009)
No mu th Loi php Kch
/ v tr
th
thc
mm

ng
knh
dng
un

Khong Gc un Chiu di
cch gia
o ban
()
cc con
u
ln mm
mm

gin
di
%

mm

Ngi hoc c quan kim tra

.
(tn, ngy v k tn)

c ph duyt bi

(tn, ngy v k tn)

Ghi ch
V d,
dng nt
gy