COMPARATIVE

POLICE SYSTEM

ERIC SAWATI CATTE, CCS,

CSP
Eric Sawati Catte

Comparative
Denotes the degree or

grade by which a person,

thing, or other entity has a
property or quality greater
or less in extent than that of
another.
Eric Sawati Catte

Police
A police service is a public force

empowered to enforce the law

and to ensure public and social
order through the legitimized use
of force.
Police is the public and the public
is the police- Sir Robert Peels
Eric Sawati Catte

In the Philippines, the police/

law enforcement is spearheaded
by what agency/ies?
1.Philippine National Police (PNP)
2. National Bureau of

Investigation (NBI)
3.Philippine Drug Enforcement
Agency (PDEA)
4/18/16

ERIC SAWATI CATTE, CCS, CSP

System
A combination of related elements

that is functioning as a whole in order

to achieve a single goal or objective.

Eric Sawati Catte

Comparative Police
System
Process of outlining the

similarities and differences of

one police system to another
in order to discover insights in
the field of international policing.

Eric Sawati Catte

Why Compare?
Crime has become a global

phenomenon.
Transnational crimes crosses
borders and the need for
bilateral and international
cooperation become
imperative.
Eric Sawati Catte

HOW TO COMPARE?
SAFARI METHOD

COLLOBORATIVE
METHOD

researcher
researcher

visits another
country.
Eric Sawati Catte

communicates
with foreign
researcher
8

THEORIES IN POLICING
SYSTEM
HOMERULE THEORY

Policemen are

CONTINENTAL
THEORY

servants of the Policemen are

community.
servant of higher
authority.
Effectiveness of
They just follow
policemen
depends on the
the wishes of top
express wishes of official of the
the people.
government.
Eric Sawati Catte

Uniformed policemen will go out to

CONTINENTAL/
MODERN
SYSTEM
the field and patrol for
the public
to
OLD POLICING
see them which gives
the
Thethem
yardstick of police
feeling of security and
the
efficiency
is the
of
opportunity
to
commit
absence
or
lesser
elimination
The yardstick of
crime
on the part
the criminal.
occurrence
of
the
efficiency
of of
crimes.
the police is
determined by the Police
number of arrest. omnipresence is
Punishment is the considered as the tool
sole instrument of or instrument in crime
prevention.
crime control.
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10

It emphasizes
THREE STYLES OF
on informal
It emphasizes
POLICING
means of
on helping the
1.Legalistic
resolving
community, as
disputes. Itopposed
to
emphasizes
2.Watchmanenforcing
the usethe
of
law. or
threats
3.Service
actual arrests
to solve
disputes.
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INTERPOL
ICPO
International Criminal
Police Organization

INTERPOL
the largest international

police organization in the

world, with National Central
Bureaus in 187 member
countries.
188 (2010)
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Where is its headquarter

located?

Lyon, France

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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

The Interpol is
comprised of the
following bodies:

General Assembly
Executive Committee
General Secretariat
National Central Bureaus
Advisers
The Commission for the Control of
INTERPOLs Files

Eric Sawati Catte

16

THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY

INTERPOLs supreme governing body, it

meets annually and comprises delegates

appointed by each member country.
The assembly takes all important
decisions related to policy, resources,
working methods, finances, activities and
programs.
It also elects the Organization's Executive
Committee
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17

THE EXECUTIVE
March,
COMMITTEE

July and
Itcomprises
13-member
Immediately
before the
committee
which is elected by
General Assembly

the General Assembly.

The Executive Committee is
INTERPOLs
select
deliberative
1 president,
organ which
meets
three
times
a
3 vice-presidents, and
year.
9 delegates.
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18

How long is the tenure of duty of the

executive committee?
VicePresident
Presidents
4 years
3 years

They are not immediately

eligible for re-election either to
the same posts, or as delegates
to the Executive Committee.
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Mrs.Mireille
Ballestrazzi
She is the INTERPOL's current

President , elected at the 81st

INTERPOL General Assembly held
in Rome in November 2012.
Mrs Ballestrazziwill serve as
President until 2016.

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GENERAL SECRETARIAT
Where is the General Secretariat

based?
It coordinates the international
activities of member countries, holds
a library of international criminal
Lyon,
records, and organizes regular
France
meetings at which
delegates can
exchange information on police work.
The General Secretariat operates 24
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Who is called the head of

the General Secretariat?
SECRETARY GENERAL

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Who is known as the

Current secretary general?
RONALD KENNETH NOBLE
(2010- 2015)

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What are organizations

four official languages?
1. Arabic
2. English
3. French
4. Spanish
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NATIONAL CENTRAL BUREAUS

(NCB)
The NCB is the designated CONTACT

POINT for the General Secretariat,

regional offices and other member
countries requiring assistance with
overseas investigations and the location
and apprehension of fugitives.
Each INTERPOL member country
maintains a National Central Bureau
staffed by national law enforcement
officers.
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USA
(NCB)

PHI
(NCB)

G
S

JAPAN
(NCB)

CHINA
(NCB)
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National Central Bureau Manila

CHAIRMAN?
Director General Philippine National Police

MEMBERS:
Director, National Bureau of Investigation
Commissioner, Bureau of Customs
Commissioner, Bureau of Internal Revenue
Commissioner, Bureau of Immigration
Governor, Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas
Executive Director, Dangerous Drug Board

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ADVISERS
These are experts in a

purely advisory capacity,

who may be appointed by
the Executive Committee
and confirmed by the
General Assembly.
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COMMISSION FOR THE CONTROL OF

INTERPOLS FILES (CCF)
To ensure that the processing of

personal information by INTERPOL

complies with the Organization's
regulations,
To advise INTERPOL on any project,
operation, set of rules or other matter
involving the processing of personal
information and
To process requests concerning the
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The INTERPOL Notices System

An Interpol notice or

international notice is issued by

Interpol to share information
between its members.

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Red Notice
To seek the arrest
or provisional arrest
of wanted persons
with a view to
extradition.

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Black Notice
To seek information
on unidentified
bodies.

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32

Yellow Notice
To help locate missing
persons, often minors,
or to help identify
persons who are
unable to identify
themselves.

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Blue Notice
To collect
additional
information
about a persons
identity or
activities in
relation to a crime.
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Green Notice
To provide warnings
and criminal
intelligence about
persons who have
committed criminal
offenses and are likely
to repeat these
crimes in other
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Orange Notice
To warn police,
public entities and
other international
organizations about
potential threats
from disguised
weapons, parcel
bombs and other
dangerous

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PHILIPPINE CENTER ON
TRANSNATIONAL CRIME (PCTC)

Its mission was to formulate

and implement a concerted

program of action of all law
enforcement and government
E.O. 62
agencies for the prevention
and control of
transnational crimes.
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37

What is the mother agency

of PCTC?
Office of the President

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INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION
OF CHIEFS OF POLICE (IACP)

The world's oldest and

largest nonprofit membership

organization of police
executives.
IACP's leadership consists of
the operating chief executives
of international, federal, state
and local agencies of all sizes.
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39

SELECTED POLICE
MODELS

U.S. POLICE
DEPARTMENT
1.federal,
2.state,
3.county
and
4.city
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City
Count
y
State
Feder
al

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Who will respond? (Two

fold)

First, one must determine

which government unit

prohibits the acts. For
example, homicide is an act
that is prohibited at the state
level. So, as a general rule, only
law enforcement agencies with
authority to enforce state laws
may investigate the crime of
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Second, one must look at the

place (venue) where the

criminal act occurred. If the
murder occurred in Alabama,
the Alabama authorities will
be responsible in
investigating the crime.
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44

1. CITY POLICE
City police are mainly

responsible for enforcing the

law in their own
city.
NYPD
A small town may have a
police force of only one or two
officers.
What is the largest city police
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45

In most cities in USA, who

appoints the head of the
police department in cities?

MAYOR

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2. COUNTY POLICE
The powers of a county

police force extend

throughout the county.
What do we call the chief law
enforcement officer in most
counties?
SHERIFF
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Who appoints the Sheriff?

PEOPLE

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3. STATE POLICE
Headed by a commissioner

or superintendent.
What is term called for all of
the state police officers?
TROOPERS
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Who appoints the

commissioner or
superintendent?
State Governor

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How many police states

are there in the USA?
(fifty) 50 out of 51 states
Except: Hawaii

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4. Federal Police
They are responsible in
enforcing law within the
whole country of USA
including outside
boarders.
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52

FBI
Chief investigating

branch of the United States

Department of Justice;
Investigates federal
crimes and handles cases
involving stolen money or
property that has been
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53

National Crime Information

Center (NCIC)

A computerized information

system that stores records on

wanted persons and stolen
property
FBI
Who operates it?
Washington,
Where is it located?
DC.

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54

OTHER FEDERAL
AGENCIES
1.Secret Service
Protecting all living current and former

U.S. president and their families

2.Bureau Of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms,
And Explosives
Assist in controlling the sale of untaxed
liquor and cigarettes, illegal firearms, and
explosives.
3.Drug Enforcement Administration
(DEA)

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55

GENERAL
REQUIREMENTS
Is a U.S. citizen
Is at least 21 years of age
58 (MALE), 56 (FEMALE)
Has at least 20/20 vision uncorrected; ( or 20/20

corrected by glasses)
Is able to distinguish colors
Is physically and mentally healthy.
Applicants who have served in the military must have
been honorably discharged.
May not have been convicted of driving while
intoxicated and must hold a valid license for at least
three years prior to application and have a driving
record.
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56

Applicants should have no criminal conviction,

although some misdemeanor crimes may bar

applicants from a law enforcement position.
All applicants are expected to be free from drug
use, be of good moral character, and have
personal integrity.
No applicant should have any history of criminal
or improper conduct, have a poor employment
record, or have an irresponsible financial history.
Generally, applicants should at least have a GED
equivalency or a high school diploma, however,
some departments, such as that in Dallas, Texas,
are requiring 60 or more hours of completed
college coursework.
Eric Sawati Catte

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PROBATION PERIOD
When a candidate receives an

appointment to the police department,

the candidate must then successfully
complete recruit training, which can
last from several months to more
than a year, depending on the
training requirements of the police
department.
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JAPAN POLICE
SYSTEM
National Police Agency or
NPA

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59

Who is the parent agency

of NPA?
National Public Safety Commission
It ensures that Japan's police are
an apolitical body and free of
direct central government
executive control.
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60

NATIONAL POLICE
AGENCY
The central coordinating
body
Commission

for the entire police system.

er General
Who is the head of NPA?
Who appoints the Commissioner
General?
National Public
Safety Commission
with the approval of
the prime minister
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Bureaus of NPA?
Police Administration Bureau
Criminal Investigation Bureau
Traffic Bureau
Security Bureau
Regional Public Safety Bureaus

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POLICE ADMINISTRATION
BUREAU

The Administration Bureau

is concerned with police

personnel, education,
welfare, training, and
unit inspections.
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63

CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION
BUREAU

It is in-charge of

research statistics and

the investigation of
nationally important and
international cases.
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64

TRAFFIC BUREAU
It is concerned of the
licenses drivers,
enforces traffic safety
laws, and regulates
traffic.
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65

SECURITY BUREAU
It formulates and supervises

the execution of security

policies. It conducts research
on equipment and tactics for
suppressing riots and
oversaw and coordinates
activities of the riot police.
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66

REGIONAL PUBLIC SAFETY

BUREAUS

The National Police Agency

has seven regional police

bureaus.
What is called the head of
RPSB?
Director
General
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What are the 2 police department

excluded from the jurisdiction of
RPSB?

Tokyo Metropolitan

Police Department
Hokkaido Prefectural
Police
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KOBAN
It is a police post located

in urban neighborhood.
The smallest
organizational unit in
today's Japanese police
system.
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Eric Sawati Catte

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How many % are designated

as Koban officers among the
total police strength in Japan?

40%
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CHUZAISHO
It is the rural equivalent of

the urban Koban.

What is the term called for
the police officers of
Chuzaisho?

chuzaish
an

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Who provides personal

security for the Emperor,
Crown Prince and other
members of the Imperial
Family of Japan?
IMPERIAL GUARD
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KIDOTAI (SPECIAL RIOT

POLICE )
These units were formed after riots at

the Imperial Palace in 1952, to respond

quickly and effectively to large public
disturbances.
Main requirements?
The overwhelming majority of
officers are bachelors who live in
dormitories within riot police
compounds.
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What is the official

paramilitary anti-terrorist
unit under the Japanese
National Police Agency?
SAT
SPECIAL ASSAULT TEAM

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What police force is the

worlds second and the Asia's
first police agency to operate
with a modern policing
system?

HONG KONG POLICE

FORCE
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What is the highest police rank

in Hongkong? (April 2014)

Commissioner of Police

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CHINA POLICE
SYSTEM
Peoples Police

Public security police

The largest and most visible

component of the Chinese

Police that performs a wide
range of ordinary police
functions.

86%

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Judicial procuratorates
police
They escort suspects in

cases investigated by the

procuratorates
Prosecutors in the
Phils.
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Judicial people court

police
They maintain security

and order in the various

courts and also may
carryout death sentence.

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To become a police officer, a

candidate must have the following:
1.At least 18 years of age but not more than 25 years old.

* As a preferential treatment for candidates from

ethnic minority groups, the regulation extends the
maximum age limit to 30
2.Must support the constitution
3.Must be of Good moral character
4.Be in good health
5. Education level no less than high school graduate
6.Be willing to serve as a police officer
7.No criminal records and must not have been expelled
from public employment.
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82

Age for Recruitment and

Retirement

Some entered policing as

early as 12 years of age but

the recruitment age is now
around 16 years.
Retirement is at least 30
years in service
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SINGAPORE POLICE
SYSTEM

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Police Task Force

(PTF)
It is an effective ground

response force to serious

incidents such as major
disasters, firearm situations
and riots.
They are called upon to
restore public order in times of
riots and demonstrations.
Eric Sawati Catte

85

Special Tactics and Rescue

(STAR) Unit
The STAR Unit provides the
Singapore Police Force with a
tactical armed-response
capability.
Besides dealing with highly
dangerous criminals, STAR is also
involved in risky protective security
operations and prisoner escort.
Eric Sawati Catte

86

Police K-9 Unit (PDU)

The Police K-9 Unit has

dogs trained specifically for

explosive detection, drug
detection, guard duties and
anti-crime operations.
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Prison police
It is responsible for

supervision of convicted
offenders in prison.

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Who is known as the shortest

Police Officer in United Kingdom?

Sue Day
(4 feet 10 inches)

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Royal Malaysia Police

Its headquarters is located

at Bukit Aman, Kuala

Lumpur.
The police force is led by
an Inspector-General of
Police (IGP)
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SWITZERLAND POLICING
SYSTEM
All police departments require at
least a high school diploma or
equivalent education from their
officers. While some hire
graduates right out of high school,
many require potential officers to
be at least 21 years old.
Retirement is 65 yrs of age
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Indian Police Service

PHILIPPINES

INDIA

You must possess a

baccalaureate degree.

You have a degree

certificate

At least 21 yrs old.

At least 21 years old.

You must pass the

medical, psychological,
physical and drug test.

You must be physically fit.

Male (162cm) Female

(157cm) in height.

Male (165 cm) Female

(150cm)

You must pass the exam You must pass the 3 stage
in NAPOLCOM PNP
pattern CSAT, preliminary
Entrance Exam
exam, Exam/Board
main exam.
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