Sol Dynamics and arenuake Engincering 65 (2014) 314-318, Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/soildyn Technical Note Nonlinear dynamic analysis of base isolated cable-stayed bridge under earthquake excitations Barbaros Atmaca“*, Muhammet Yurdakul, Sevket Ates* *Karadei Techical Universi, Department of Ci gineering 1080 ‘Trabzon, Trkey * naybur University, Dearie of Cel Egnerng, C000 Try ern ARTICLE INFO ApSTRACT In this paper, it is aimed to determine the earthquake effects on cable-sayed bridge isolated by single concave fiction pendulum bearings (SCFP) In this context, Manavyat cable stayed bridge is Selected asa ‘numerical application. The selected bridge has 202 m composite deck and 42_m steel tower. 3 finite element madels (FEM) of the base isolated and non-isolated bridge are modeled by using SAP2000. Three diferent earthquakes which are 11 December 1989 Dizce, 23 November 2011 Van and 13 March 1982 Erzincan earthquakes are subjected to the 3D FEM models in order to determine the seismic behavior of the bridges. BOL 090 and BOL-000; ERCIS EW and ERCIS-NS: ERZ-NS and ERZ-EW Components of ground motions biained trom PEER and AFAD are applied to the bridges at the longitudinal and transverse directions, respectively. Nonlinear time history analysis is exccuted 10 {determine the dynamic responses of the bridge. Comparison of dynamic behavior of tsoated and non Isolated bridge with and without the SCFP bearings under three diferent earthquake mations has been conducted. The results obtained from analyses of 3D FEM of the bridge are presented by graphics and {ables in detalles seen that using of isolation system reduces the destructive effects of earthquakes on Keywors: ‘Ghtestayea baages Finite element model ‘Single concave icon pendulum SCF") bearing the bridge (© 2014 Elsevier Ld, All nights reserved 1. Introduction Cable-stayed bridges are very important engineering. structure due to the high costs and logistical importance. ‘The failures of the bridges during earthquakes result in significant consequences. Hence, it strengthened against to earthquake is an important issue. I the fundamental period of structure is lengthened or enetzy dissipating of structure is increased, the seismic forces on bridge ‘may be reduced, Thus, seismic isolation system may be an alternative approach to protect bridges from damages of severe earthquakes. ‘Seismic isolation systems have been succesfully applied on new and. cxstng structures, The most comprehensive literature rescarches about base solation and base isolation systems are cated out by Buckle and “Mayes (2) Jangid and Data (6, Kunde and Jan (7) Lin and Tacbakhsh (8), Kelly (9, Tsai etal. [10], Morgan and Mahin (11, Panchal et a. (12) Khoshnoutian and Rabi (13) In the literature, there are some studies related to structural performance evaluation of base isolated long span highway bridges. ‘Tsopelas eta. [14] cartied out an experimental study on seismically Corresponding autho: Tel: + 90 462.3774 8 fxc + 9045237 26 06, ‘Ema oddone staeabituetat (0 Ate) ‘nyurdakutnayourt eda (Yura sates (Ag) aepdotorg/ 101015 yn 20407005 (257-261)0 204 sever Ld A ight reserve ‘solated bridge with fficuion pendulum bearing and non-isolated bridge to compare seismic excitation. The seismic responses of the isolated and non-isolated cable-stayed bridge are compared by Soneji ‘and Jangid [15], Numerical investigations have been carried out on the base isolation effect of the DCFP bearings by Kim and Yun {16} Tsai et al [17| conducted experimental and numerical studies for structures having sliding. type isolators. Yurdakul and. Ates [18] studied on a two dimensional-and eight-story of a building with ‘and without isolation system to investigate of the effectiveness of the seismic isolation system on the buildings. Soni etal. 20] described a ‘mathematical model and force- displacement relationships of double variable frequency pendulum isolator. Behavior of this isolator is examined by varying its geometry and coefficient of friction of the sliding surfaces. Ates and! Constantinou [19] examined on a curved bridge isolated with fiction pendulum bearings are placed between the deck and the piers. 2. Manavgat cable-stayed bridge ‘The bridge is 202 m long and 13.7 m in width, with equal spans (oF 101 m; and designed for two lanes of road traffic shown in Fig. ‘The bridge have approximately 42m ’ shape steel tower. The tower has a hollow hexagonal cross-section. The deck of bridge is18 Arma eta [Sl Dynamis and arhquake Eglncering 65 (2014) 36 composite and consists of 25cm thick concrete, 10.¢m thick asphalt and steel profiles. For more details about bridge, the reader ig referred to Atmaca and Ates [1] The schematic form of Manavgat cable-stayed bridge and location of the SCFP bearings is shown in Fig. 2. Deck of the bridge is supported with 28 steel cables which is a link to tower. The distance between the tower and the closest cable to the tower is 196m while the distance between cables is 12m. Distance between supports which are on shore and last cable connection point on the deck is 94 m. 3. Numerical computations ‘Nonlinear time history analyses of the isolated and non- isolated bridges are performed in SAP2000 [3) in order 10 determine the dynamic behavior of the bridge. 3D FEM of non- isolated bridge is given in Fig. 3. The only difference between two bridges is that 10 isolator devices implemented on the supports of the isolated bridge: Two isolators of which are placed to each abutments, and the others are placed to between the pylon base A Fig 1. Manav cablestaye bridge. T =x Se, ear 960 and foundation as seen in Fig. 2, Damping ratio is specified as 9% and the SCFP bearing selected as an isolator device. Effective radius of curvature, Rar=14m, fictional coefficients, 40.09, and displacement capacities, @=0.40 m are taking account of SCFP properties for numerical analyses. BOL-000 and BOL-090 components of 11 December 1999) Duzee, ERZ-FW and FRZ-NS components of 13 March 1992 Erzincan obtained from PEER [4], and ERCIS-EW and ERCIS-NS components of 23 November 2011 Van-Ercis obtained from AFAD [5] earthquake ground motions are used in dynamic analyses. ERZ~ INS, BOL-090, and ERCIS-EW components are applied to the bridge at the X directions and ERZ-EW, BOL-00O, and ERCIS-NS compo- ‘nents are applied to the bridge at ¥ directions. The acceleration of ‘gravity is also included in the vertical component by using a ramp function in the beginning of the time history in order to take into account the effect of the dead load on the behavior of the of the SCFP bearings. 4. Numerical results 4.1. Period of the bridge ‘The first five periods of the isolated and the non- isolated bridges obtained from the modal analyses are given in Table 1 Periods of the isolated bridge are considerably higher than the Periods of non-isolated bridge. Isolation devices used on bridge lengthened period of bridge. 42. Deck response Maximum vertical displacements of the deck for three earth- quakes are given in Fig. 4. Isolators significantly decrease the vertical displacement on the deck Decreasing percentage of va ex saa, Fig. 2. the schematic form of manawgatable-tayed badge Fig. 3. Fate cement model of manavgat cable stayed bide.‘able 1 Mode Displacement em) Displacement er) Displaoerent mn) 1 Amaca eta Sll Dynais a Ea eid (3) IsovaTeD NON ISOLATED Erinn thquae gineering 66 (2014) 14-218 vertical displacements for Erzincan, Duzce and Ercis earthquake ‘ground motions are 79.88%, 86.34%, and 92.1% respectively. ‘Maximum deck bending moments obtained from analysis are ‘given in Fig. 5. As can be seen from the figure isolators significantly decrease the deck bending moments. Decreasing percentage of bending moment for Erzincan, Duzce and Ercis earthquake ground motions are 85.97%, 92.52%, and 95.7%, respectively. Similarly maximum deck shear forces obtained from analysis are given in Fig. 6. Isolators significantly decrease the shear force fon the bridge deck, Decreasing, percentage of shear forces on Erzincan, Duzce and Ereis earthquakes are 95.7%, 90.48%, and 95.24%, respectively. ‘Beading Moment (Nm) a re eS 2 Due Se! Gee], Ss PL boos wena | i 0 ED 30 40 50 «o * 0 10 20 w 0 0 on ve) = = = ines) Shea Fre) etig Moment kn) 2.88 mes) Fig. 5 Maximum beading moments on the deck Shor Fae 8) Tint) Fig. 6 Maximum deck shear forces‘8 Armac eta Sot Dynamis and arhquak Enginering 65 (2014) 316-8 aw acy y, tame] O2 7 : ie f i _ 5 a = i io i BE a2 ee] a! = i: Sh] i . LL ° i: wo ne ee pty none Big Moen 8) ass ae Shear Forse) eating Moment 0) enfin Monet 180) Time Fig. Maxmum tower bending moment 43. Tower response ‘Top of the bridge tower displacements on X and ¥ direction for three earthquakes are given in Fig. 7 is seen in figures that X direction displacement of tower for non-isolated and isolated bridge are approximately similar but chancing of the displacement frequency is high on non-isolated bridge; on the other hand, Y direction displacement of tower for non-isolated and isolated StearFoce aN) 2 _ a i Time) Fig. 9, Maximum uwer seat frees bridge is diferent from each other in terms of value and Frequency of displacement. ‘Maximum tower bending moments obtained from analysis are given in Fig. 8. Isolators significantly decrease the deck bend- ing moments. Decreasing percentage of bending moments for Erzincan, Duzce and Ercis earthquake ground motions are 60.22%, 88.91%, and 86.52%, respectively. ‘Maximum tower shear forces obtained from analysis are given in Fig. 9. Isolators significantly decrease the shear force of theae 1 Aaca et al Sl Dyna and aque Engineering 65 (2014) 34-318. bridge tower. Decreasing percentages of shear force for Erzincan, Duzce and Ercis earthquake are 48.34%, 8737% and 62.93%, respectively, 5. Conclusion Seismic isolation of the bridges is generally applied by placing isolator devices under the deck of the bridges. However in this study it Is preferred to isolate pylon fom foundation. Namely isolators are implemented between the pylon and the foundation. Finite element model of the isolated and non-isolated bridges are ‘ereatec! with SAP2000. Nonlinear time history analysis is per- formed in order to investigate effectiveness of the seismic isolation ‘systems on the bridge. The main conclusions of this study can be ‘summarized as: Isolation system increased periods of the bridge significantly Increasing of the bridge period provide decreasing of transferred ‘acceleration so internal reactions of the bridge decrease as well. Isolators significantly decreased the vertical displacement, bending moment and shear force of the bridge deck. Approximate decreasing, percentage of vertical displacements is 86%, bending ‘moment is 81% and shear force is 93% for Erzincan, Duzce and Excis ‘earthquake ground motions, respectively. Isolators significantly decrease the bending moment and shear force of the bridge tower. Approximate decreasing percentage of bending moment is 78% and shear force is 66% for Erzincan, Duzce ‘and Ercis earthquake ground motions, respectively. “The results show that usage of the isolation devices offers some ‘advantages for the internal forces on the deck for the considered isolated bridge as per the non-isolated bridge. Finally, it should be ‘noted that isolation system is more effective when the bridges are ‘subjected to earthquake. References [1] Aum B, Ate S. Construction stage anaes of three dimensional cable. stayed bridges Stel Compas Set 2012:12(5)413-26. [2] Burkle 1G, Mayes Seismic isolation: history. application, and performance wot vw Earthy Specs 1982-61-20 [5] Computers and structres ne. SAP2000: Static and dymamic fie element nasi of structures, Berkey. CA USA: 2007 la] PEER. Pace Earbquake Engineering esearch Cente [5] AFAD, Republic of Tukey Pe Mnisuy Disaster and Emergency Manage- ‘ment Pesiency Earthquake Deparment National Song Metin Obserato0 Nero 2013 17] Kunde Margit RS Seismic behavior of lied dg: 2 state-of heart review. 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