NGHIN CU H THNG MIMO MC CDMA S DNG SVD NHIU

CHIU DA TRN C S GII THUT MMSE NG DNG THIT K

CC B THU TI U CHO MIMO MC-CDMA

TM TT
Hai vn kh khn v thch thc khng h nh i vi cc h thng MCCDMA khi truyn thng trn cc knh MIMO l nhiu a ngi dng ( MUIMulti User Interference ) v nhiu a anten ( MAI-Multi Antenna Interference ) hay
nhiu ng khng gian (CSI-Co-space Interference). Bi bo ny a ra gii php
gii quyt nhng kh khn s dng phn tch SVD nhiu chiu da trn c s
gii thut MMSE v m tri ph khng gian thi gian (i vi uplink MIMO MCCDMA); v trin khai m CI gii quyt vn truyn thng trong mi trng v
tuyn thng minh (i vi downlink MIMO MC-CDMA). V t a ra m hnh
thc ngim kim chng tnh hiu qu ca cc gii php ra trong ti u cht
lng h thng. T nhng kt qu cho thy kh nng thc thi ca h thng
MIMO MC-CDMA trn thc t.

I. GII THIU
p ng nhu cu ngy cng cao ca ngi s dng, tng v k thut
MC-CDMA ra i, da trn s kt hp CDMA v OFDM. MC-CDMA k tha
tt c nhng u im ca CDMA v OFDM: tc truyn cao, tnh bn vng vi
Fading chn lc tn s, s dng bng thng hiu qu, tnh bo mt cao v gim
phc tp ca h thng. Chnh v vy MC-CDMA l mt trong nhng k thut c
chn cho h thng thng tin di ng trong tng lai. Bn cnh , s i hi tc
d liu cao trong cc mng khng dy tng mt cch ng k trong mt vi nm
gn y v gy c s quan tm ti vic s dng hiu qu hn ca cc h thng
c gi l MIMO. Bng cch s dng kin trc a anten c pha pht v pha thu
ca mng MC-CDMA, dung lng ca knh truyn tng cao mt cch ng k ti

gn vi ng truyn bng dy dn. S nng cao dung lng da vo vic s dng

a anten cng c th t c trong mt vin cnh thng tin a ngi dng nh
knh ng xung im-a im ca mt h thng m trong , mt ng truyn
tp trung vi nhiu anten truyn cc lung thng tin c lp mt cch ng thi
ti mt vi MS trong cc a im khc nhau.
Bi bo ny s trnh by h thng MIMO MC-CDMA kt hp vi SVD
nhiu chiu trn c s gii thut MMSE t hiu qu tt hn trong s dng knh
truyn cng nh khc phc c nh hng ca nhiu fading v tn dng c ti
nguyn tn s ang ngy mt khan him. Da trn c s trnh by cc m hnh
thc nghim vi cc b thu pht cho h thng uplink v downlink MIMO MCCDMA ng dng trong h thng v tuyn thng minh.

II. SVD v phn tch ma trn theo SVD

Phn tch SVD l mt phng php i s rt mnh v hu dng vi nhiu
ng dng trong x l tn hiu s v khoa hc thng k. Phng php SVD c s
dng nhiu trong nhiu bi ton c lin quan n vic tnh ton ma trn m nu p
dng cc phng php thng thng nh phng php kh Gauss hay phng php
phn tch LU s cho kt qu vi sai s ln.
Phng php SVD da trn nh l sau y trong i s tuyn tnh: bt k
ma trn A kch thc M x N no m s M N , c th c vit di dng tch ca
mt ma trn U trc giao theo ct c kch thc M x N , mt ma trn cho W c kch
thc NxN vi cc s trn ng cho l khng m, v ma trn chuyn v ca mt
ma trn trc giao V c kch thc NxN :
M =U V , hay c dng trc quan sau

w1 . .
.
w2 . .
[ A ] =[U ] .
( V )T
. . .
.
.
wN

Ma trn U v ma trn V trc giao theo ngha: cc ct ca chng l trc giao:

(1)

U ikU im kn
i 1

1 k N

1 n N

(2)

1 k N

1 n N

(3)

V jkU jn
j 1

trong kn=1 nu k=n v bng 0 nu kn. Hoc biu din di dng ma trn:
(4)

( U T ) ( U )=( V T ) ( V ) =1
V V l ma trn vung nn V ng thi l ma trn trc giao theo hng:
T

(5)

V V =1

Nu k hiu ui v vi tng ng l cc ct ca U v V, th phng trnh (1)

c vit di dng cc tch ngoi nh sau:
n

A= wi ui v Ti

(6)

i=1

Cc gi tr wi c gi l cc gi tr k d ca A. Khng mt tnh tng qut,

chng ta quy c rng cc gi tr k d ny c sp xp theo th t gim dn:
w1>w2>>wn>0. Ch s ca gi tr k d khc 0 cui cng trong dy c k hiu
l p0, tc l wi=0 vi i>P0v wi>0 vi i<P0
T nhng phn tch trn, chng ta c m hnh xy dng h thng SVD MIMO nh
sau:

Hnh 1. M hnh h thng SVD-MIMO

III. M HNH TON HC H THNG MC-CDMA

MC-CDMA s dng mt m tri ph v bin i lung tc ni tip thnh
lung con tc thp song song tri ph d liu ban u trn bng thng rng
sau pht i N chips cng lc bng cch gn mi chip vo mt sng mang con
ring bit s dng my pht OFDM pht mi k t u vo trn N sng mang
con. Chui m ha c s dng gii tri ph tng ng vi cc mu tn hiu ti
u ra OFDM, ti u ra b thu k t c pht s c x l. H thng my pht
MC-CDMA c biu din trn hnh 1, trong a u[i] biu din chui d liu nh
phn u vo ph thuc vo ngi dng uth ti thi gian ith.

Hnh 2. S my pht MC-CDMA

Chng ta kho st trng hp chiu di li x l P G bng s lng sng

mang con NC (NC = PG), d liu vo th i au[i] c sao chp vo knh con NC trc
u

Cm

sau nhn vi m tri ph

tng ng vi ngi dng th u , sau c

tng v s ha to ra tn hiu my pht MC-CDMA xn[i] nh phng trnh sau:

N C1

xn [ i ]= xm [i ] e

j2 mn
NC

n=0

, n=0,1, , N C 1

(7)

Trong ,
U 1

x m [ i ] = a [ i ] C m , C m=C 0 ,C 1 , ,C P 1
u =0

(8)

Tn hiu pht xn[i] trong biu thc (1) c cng thc tng nh tn hiu pht
ca OFDM bao gm dung lng ghp knh a ngi dng c a ra trong k
thut CDMA c bn. Mt cch n gin c th b qua h s (i) trong trng hp
mt k t OFDM v gi thit knh fading a ng bao gm L ng, th tn hiu
thu c s c biu thc sau:
L1

y n= h n ,l x nl + wl

(9)

l=0

Trong ,

hn , l

biu din p ng xung knh ca ng th i ti thi n v

wn l thnh phn nhiu. Tn hiu thu c trong min tn s nu khng c nhiu

xuyn sng mang con (ICI) s c biu thc nh sau:
Y m=

L1

H 0l e

j 2 lm
NC

l=0

Trong ,
ng,

X m +W m= m X m +W m

Wm

(10)

l thnh phn nhiu trong min tn s, L biu din s

biu din nh hng fading a ng, v

H 0l

biu din hm truyn

knh. Nu knh l tng bt bin thi gian trong sut chu k k t th n c th c

b mt cch d dng bn ng b min tn s, vi u ra b ng b biu din theo
biu thc sau:
X =H 1 Y T

(11)

1
Trong H
l hm truyn knh o c c lng. Da trn (9), (10),

(11) chng ta c s biu din h thng c lng v ng b cho b thu MCCDMA.

Hnh 3. S my thu MC-CDMA

IV. H THNG MIMO MC-CDMA S DNG PHN TCH SVD

NHIU CHIU DA TRN C S GII THUT MMSE
4.1 M hnh h thng

Hnh 4. M hnh n gin b pht MIMO MC-CDMA

Hnh 5. M hnh n gin b thu MIMO MC-CDMA

 s dng MC-CDMA trong truyn pht v tuyn thng minh (CR), trm
gc SU ch c th trin khai cc im ph tn khng lin k nhau (non-contiguous)
bng cch ngng cc sng mang con m cc PU s dng trong ph tn. H thng c
c im nh vy gi l NC MC-CDMA [5,6]. Trong trng hp ny, s sng mang
con hu ch c th l bt c gi tr nguyn no. Cc m trc giao Hadamard-Walsh
(HW) thng thng ch tn ti khi chiu di ca chng l bi s ca bn. Do vy
cc m ny khng th cung cp tnh trc giao trong mi trng v tuyn thng
minh (CR).
Trong h thng NC MIMO MC-CDMA, vic ngng hot ng ca cc sng
mang con khin cho m tri ph mt tnh trc giao v do cc vn thch thc
v s c mt ca MUI v CSI s chm dt. M giao thoa sng mang con (CI) [7] l
cc m tri ph trc giao phc tp c to ra vi di bt k s nguyn c gi
tr. Vic s dng m CI i vi h thng MC-CDMA mt u vo mt u ra NC
c kho st trong [5]. Trong bi bo ny, chng ta a ra m hnh h thng
downlink NC MIMO MC-CDMA trin khai trong mi trng truyn pht CR. Hai
b thu da trn c s SVD tuyn tnh, TIC v SC-MMSE c pht trin c th
p dng trong truyn pht NC khi mt s sng mang con b ngng hot ng. Ngoi
ra cn trin khai m CI gii quyt tnh khng trc giao ca m HW thng
thng. V do chng ta gi chng l cc b thu CI-TIC v CI-SC-MMSE, chng
m bo cho cc hot ng gim nhiu khi s sng mang con b ngng hot ng
tng ln v l la chn tt nht cho bt k h thng CR no da trn h thng bng
thng rng a ngi dng.
Ta xt h thng MIMO MC-CDMA vi K ngi dng v L sng mang con
ti trm gc s dng N anten pht v mi ngi dng s dng M anten thu (i
vi h thng downlink, i vi h thng uplink ti trm gc s dng M anten pht
v mi ngi dng s dng N anten thu v tin trnh thc thi l tng t nh nhau).
Chng ta gi thit M N [2]. Sau khi iu ch cc bit d liu, vector d liu ca
ngi dng th m ti trm gc c cng thc

d m= [ d m ,1 , d m,2 , , d m ,J ]

vi J l s

lung con, J { 1, , N } . Chng ta gi thit rng cc k t d liu thuc cc lung

khc nhau ca nhng ngi dng khc nhau l c lp vi cng sut chun, do
chng ta c

E [ d m d Hk ] =I J (mk )

vi k , m { 1, , K } trong

IJ

l ma trn

xc nh vi kch thc JxJ. Trong h thng MC-CDMA thng thng mi k t d

liu s c tri ph trn min tn s (trn L sng mang con). Tuy nhin tn
dng c s a dng khng gian v li ch t thit k cc my thu loi b ISI cho
MIMO MC-CDMA th c th thc hin vic tri ph trn c khng gian v tn s.
Ma trn m tri ph khng gian-tn s (SF)

Cm =[ c m ,1 , c m ,2 , , c m ,J ]

vi kch thc

NLxJ bao gm J vector m trc giao tri ph khc nhau v chng ta c

H

Cm C k =I J (mk )

vi

k , m { 1,2, , K }

vi

=NL

l li x l. K t

ca tt c ngi dng s c tri ph trn NL knh con khng gian-tn s v sau

khi thm vo cc d liu tri ph ny, trm gc s gi vector d liu i:
K

x SFD= C k d k

(12)

k=1

Ti b thu ca ngi dng th m, vector tn hiu ti u ra khi FFT s l:

K

y m=H m C k d k + m

(13)

k=1

Vi

ym

l vector tn hiu thu c MLx1 v

l vector b sung nhiu

trng Gauss vi ma trn hip phng sai v trung bnh khng

ra

Hm

R = 2 I ML . Ngoi

l ma trn knh khng gian-tn s khi cho MLxNL gia trm gc v

ngi dng th m,

H(1)
0
m
0
(2)

H m= 0 H m

0
0 0 H (L)
m

(14)

 lm ni bt s c mt ca c MAI/CSI v MUI, vector

ym

c biu

din nh sau:
MUI
tn hiu mong mun +MAI /CSI

H m Cm dm

y m=

nhiu
K

+ H k C k dk+
m

(15)

k =1, k m

Nhn vo cng thc ta c th d dng nhn thy rng khng d dng kh

MUI bng m trc giao v n b lm hng theo knh truyn d liu ca cc ngi
dng khc. Mt cch hiu qu gim thiu MAI/CSI l s dng SVD da trn k
thut hng bp sng. SVD ca ma trn knh cho

Hm

H m=U m m V m

Trong
m

Um

Vm

c biu thc nh sau:

(16)

l cc ma trn n nht MLxNL v NLxNL v

l ma trn trc giao NLxNL.

Vm

Chng ta s dng ma trn

nh l ma trn truyn hng bp sng vi

C k d k tr thnh vector truyn min khng gian-tn

ngi dng th m, x SFD=V m
k=1

s. Xem xt tt c nhng hot ng ca ngi dng, tn hiu ti b thu ca trm gc

nhn c s c biu thc nh sau:
K

k=1

k=1

y m= H k V k C k d k + = U k k C k d k +

(17)

tm tn hiu truyn i ca ngi dng th m, ma trn hiu chnh v hng

bp sng c th vit nh sau:
K

k=1

k=1
k1

H
1
H
1
H
~
y m = 1
m U m y m= C k d k + m U m U k k C k d k + m U m

(18)

T biu thc trn ta thy rng MAI/CSI gim thiu ng k. loi b

MUI, qu trnh gii m tri ph c trnh by nh sau :

H
d^ m=C m ~
ym

(19)
K

H
1
H
d^ m=d m +CmH 1
m U m U k k C k d k + m U m
k =1
k 1

(20)

Nh vy, tnh trc giao ca m tri ph gia cc ngi dng s b ph v do

nhiu gy ra bi ma trn

Uk

, do s khng loi b c MUI khi s dng thut

ton SVD thng thng.

Trong b thu SVD da trn gii thut TIC, n l y trin khai cc ma
trn ng b v hng bp sng ti b thu v khng cn trin khai ma trn

Vm

khi truyn pht ma trn hng bp sng cho ngi dng th m. Do vy chng ta c:
K

H
H
1
H
~
y m = 1
m U m y m=V m C k d k + m U m m
k=1

(21)

Cui cng trit tiu MAI/CSI v MUI chng ta trin khai ma trn gii tri
ph ti b thu sao cho tha mn biu thc quan h sau:
H

(22)

Gm =Cm V m

Trong kch thc

1 H~
d^ m=
G y =d +
NL m m m m

Gm

l NLxJ. Sau khi gii tri ph chng ta c:

(23)

H 1
H
Trong m =G m m U m m l vector nhiu Jx1 ti u ra b gii tri ph.

Theo biu thc (23), chng ta thy rng c MAI/CSI v MUI b gim thiu hon
ton v tng nhiu bng khng; do phng php ny gi l kh tng nhiu
(TIC).
Vic tch sng tuyn tnh trn c biu din cho tt c cc hot ng
ngi dng trong trm gc (BS) khng cn xt thm cho phi tuyn tnh v qu trnh
tuyn tnh.

S hn ch ca SVD da trn phng thc TIC a ra l vic s dng

1

nh ma trn tin ng b. T cng sut pht cn c iu chnh

chun ha, thnh phn ng cho nh ca

( tr n nh) lm suy gim cng

sut chip trn knh con khng gian-tn s v do lm suy gim hiu sut (BER).
khc phc vn kh khn ny, trong phn tip theo, chng ta s pht trin thm
cc phng thc trin khai m CI cho TIC v phn tch SVD da trn c s gii
thut MMSE.
4.2 Kho st b thu CI TIC cho NC-MIMO MC-CDMA
Trong cc h thng v tuyn thng minh, ngi dng th cp s s dng mt
phn ph tn cha dng ca ngi dng s cp. Chng ta xt trng hp cc sng
mang con P trn tng s cc sng mang con L b chim dng bi ngi dng s cp.
i vi ngi dng MC-CDMA th cp, cc sng mang con ny b ngng hot
ng trnh nhiu v trm gc s ch tri ph cc k t d liu ngi dng trn
cc sng mang con I = L P. Trong NC-MIMO MC-CDMA, k t d liu ca mi
ngi dng c tri ph trn NI knh con khng gian-tn s vi NI c th l bt
k gi tr nguyn no v do cho php ti a

K ti y =I

ngi dng ring bit.

Tnh trc giao ca cc m tri ph thng thng ch c th p dng khi chiu di

ca chng c gi tr xc nh. Nh chng ta bit, m HW ch t ti khi I l mt
bi s ca bn. gii quyt vn ny chng ta trin khai tp hp m giao thoa
sng mang phc sao cho tnh cht trc giao ca n c lp vi chiu di cc m.
'
'
'
'
Cho ma trn m tri ph CI ca ngi dng th k l C k =[ c k , 1 , c k ,2 , , c k ,J ]

'
vi kch thc NIxJ. Ct th j ca C k c dng nh sau:

c 'k , j=[ e j 0 , e j , , e j(1)

k, j

k,j

Trong , pha ca vector m tri ph c thit lp nh sau:

(24)

k , j =

2 '
k ,0 k ' 1

(25)

Trong ,
k ' =( k1 ) J + j , 1 k I , 1 j J

(26)

l h s ca lung con. iu cho thy rng chiu di m l NI. M CI l trc

giao, do vy chng ta c :
C'mH C 'k = I J (mk )

(27)

i vi k , m { 1,2, , K } v = l li x l mi.
Bng cch tri ph vector d liu ca tt c ngi dng, vector d liu SF
ca cc sng mang con hot ng s c biu thc:
K

' (I )T T

x SFD= C k d k =[ x SFD , x SFD , , x S FD ]

'

'

'(1)T

'(2)T

(28)

k=1

Vi kch thc ca

x 'SFD

l NIx1 v

' (i )

x SFD

biu din khng gian vector

d liu Nx1 trn sng mang con th i.

trin khai IDFT L-im ti b pht, vector d liu NIx1,
nh x ti sng mang con hot ng ca vector d liu NLx1,
Cho tp hp con xc nh cc h s ca cc sng mang con
f i {1,. .. , L }

x 'SFD , c

x SFD=Map ( x 'SFD) .

F=[ f 1 , f 2 , , f I ]

vi

. Trin khai theo c php MATLAB cho tham chiu hng v ct ca

cc ma trn, chng ta c:

'

x SFD ( n f i ,1 ) =x SFD ( , 1 ) , f i F , vi n { 1, , N }
x SFD ( ng ,1 )=0, nu g F

Vector d liu

x SFD

(2)T
( L)T
x SFD=[ x (1)T
SFD , x SFD , , x S FD ]

(29)

cng c th vit nh sau:

(30)

Trong

(1)T

x SFD

biu din vector d liu khng gian Nx1 trn sng mang

con th l . Ma trn la chn

nhnh anten truyn pht

PNL
x SFD

NLxNL s chn cc sng mang con thuc mi

. Do vy vector d liu min thi gian s c biu

thc sau:
(31)

L
(2)T
(N )T T
x TD= W HBD P NL x SFD =[ x(1)T
TD , x TD , , xTD ]
I
H
Trong W BD l ma trn DFT cho NLxNL c dng thc nh sau:

W HBD=blockdiag ( W LxL , ,W LxL )

W LxL

ma

1 2 1
[ W LxL ]i , j = L e

(32)

trn FFT vi thnh phn th (i,j) ca n l

(i1)( j1)
L

. Trong biu thc (31) h s

sut hu ch i vi cc sng mang con hot ng.

x TD

L
I

dng cho cng

s c pht bi N anten

sau khi thm vo cycle prefix (CP) v chuyn i ln.

Ti b thu, sau khi loi b CP, DFT, v cc sng mang con b ngng hot
ng, vector d liu khng gian tn s NIx1 i vi cc knh con hot ng s c
dng nh sau:
K

y m=H m C k d k + m
'

'

'

'

(33)

k=1

Trong H

'
m

l ma trn cho khng gian-tn s MIxNI c c bng cch

loi b ma trn knh con b ngng hot ng trong

Hm

. Tng t (16), chng ta

'
c SVD ca H m :

'

'

'

'H

H m=U m m V m

(34)

'
'
Trong U m v V m l cc ma trn n nht v

'

l ma trn NixNI.

Khai trin ma trn gii tri ph, b hng bp sng m ng b chng ta c:

1 ' H ' 1 ' H '
1 ' H '1 ' H '
d^ m=
G m m U m y m=dm +
G U
NL
NL m m m m

(35)

'H
Ma trn gii tri ph Gm c biu thc tnh ton nh sau:

G'mH =C 'mH V 'm

(36)

V cng sut hu ch c phn b cho cc sng mang con hot ng, nn

trong (51) h s gii tri ph l

1
NL

. Mc d mt s sng mang con b ngng

hot ng, nhng bng cch khai trin m CI phc trc giao tn ti vi bt c chiu
di s nguyn c gi tr no, kh nng loi b hon ton MAI/CSI v MUI ca CITIC c duy tr. Theo (51), chng ta thy rng nhiu SF ti u vo slicer c
nhn ln vi nghch o ca cc gi tr n lin quan ca ma trn knh ti knh con
. Do vy gi tr k d nh lm gim hiu sut ca phng php CI-TIC. Trong
phn tip theo chng ta s pht trin mt phng php khc da trn MMSE gii
quyt vn ny trong cng mi trng truyn pht v tuyn thng minh.
4.3 Phn tch SVD da trn c s gii thut MMSE
Chng ta xt vector d liu SF thu c trong biu thc (33), theo phng
'H
php ny, u tin chng ta s dng ma trn hng bp sng U m nh sau:

~
y 'm =U 'mH y 'm

(37)

'H
Chng ta s dng ma trn hng bp sng (beamforming matrix), U m v

ma trn cho tin ng b

FT ,m

, cho tn hiu pht ca ngi dng th m, v tn

hiu ny s c biu thc nh sau:

x SFD=V 'mH FT ,m U 'mH d m=V 'mH U 'mH d m

(38)

'H
FT ,k =I NL
Sau khi p dng U k v
, chng ta c tn hiu thu c trm

gc nh sau:
'

'H

y m=U k

H k V k d k + = U k k Gk d k
'

'H

k=1

'H

'

'

(39)

k=1

trnh nhiu i vi tr n nh ca

' 1
m

chng ta trin khai ring ma

trn ng b NIxNI cho mi lung con. Do lung d liu thu c th j sau khi
gii tri ph c biu thc :
d^ m , j=g'mH, j F Hm , j ~
y 'm

(40)

tnh ton cc h s ng b, chng ta hon i v tr b gii tri ph v

ng b cho nhau v vit li biu thc (40), chng ta s c:
K

d^ m , j=f mH, j ~
G'mH, j ~
y 'm =f mH , j ~
G 'm,H j 'm V 'mH C 'm d m +f Hm, j~
G'mH, j 'm V 'mH C 'k d k + f mH , j ~
G'mH, j U 'mH 'm
k=1
k m

(41)
Trong biu thc trn, chu k u tin biu din k t mong mun ca ngi
dng th m, chu k th hai v th ba l MAI/CSI v MUI tng ng v chu k cui
cng biu din mt phn nhiu. tnh ton vector ng b,

f m, j

c s dng

ti mc chip, gii thut MMSE c s dng sau qu trnh gii tri ph ti mc k

t. Do vy phng php ny cn c gi l SC-MMSE.

Hnh 6. B thu SC MMSE cho MIMO MC-CDMA

Li bnh phng trung bnh ti mc chip c dng thc nh sau:

2
=E d m , jd^ m , j

(42)

f
Thc hin ti thiu bng m , j tng ng, chng ta c:

(43)

f m , j=( Am , j + Bm, j )1 am, j

Trong , ta c:
A m , j =~
G'mH, j 'm V 'mH

C'k C Hk '
k=1

V 'm 'm ~
G'm , j

(44)

~ ~
B m , j= 2 G'mH, j G'm , j

(45)

~
am , j =G'mH, j 'm V 'mH c 'm

(46)

B thu NC-CI-SC-MMSE loi b s nh hng ca tr n nh ca ma trn

knh. Do khi so snh phng trnh (41) i vi SC-MMSE vi (35) i vi TIC,
chng ta c th thy rng tnh trc giao khng cn c duy tr, do phng php
SC-MMSE cha loi b c hon ton MUI. Tuy nhin, nh hng ca can thip
v nhiu trong vic d tm mc k t c gim thiu, dn n hiu sut vt
tri.
4.4 M hnh thc nghim v so snh vi h thng uplink MIMO MC CDMA
Chng ta s thc hin m phng vi mt h thng UPLINK MIMO MCCDMA vi cc d liu khi to nh sau:

M = N =2 v 4 khi s ngi dng ln nht l K = 64.

S dng m tri ph gc Walsh-Hadamard.
S sng mang con l L = 64.
Cc ng dn phn gii Lc = 16.
M hnh knh gia cp anten thu-pht th i v j c m t bi phng trnh
sau:
Lc

hi , j ( n )= i , j (l) e
l=1

l
2

( nl )

(47)

Trong i, j (l) l phc hp trung bnh khng. Hot ng lin hp phc

v
chn

l thnh phn phn r theo cp s nhn v trong m phng ny chng ta

=0.1 . Chng ta gi thit rng thng tin trng thi knh hon chnh c sn

c bn pht v bn thu. trnh ISI chng ta cng thm m vng c cng chiu
di vi thi gian knh. Tnh ton hot ng da trn BER t hot ng ca ngi
dng n v trong cc tnh hung khc nhau vi tiu chun. Trong hnh 6 l so snh
BER ca phng php TIC (Total Interference Cancellation) vi BER ca SVD
thng thng (CSVD) da trn phng php a bp sng, i vi iu ch 16QAM v J = M = N = 2. Cc kt qu chng minh cho c cc trng hp n ngi
dng v ti y (K=64). CSVD khng th loi b MUI (Multiuser Interference)
nhng TIC gim thiu hon ton MUI v BER ca n biu din cho K = 64 tng
t nh vi K = 1

Hnh 7. BER vi SNR ca phng php TIC v CSVD (iu ch 16-QAM,

J=M=N=2)

Kch bn thc nghim vi cc phng php iu ch khc nhau:

Phng php iu ch: BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM
Mi trng: n ngi dng v a ngi dng (K=1:64)

 J = M = N = 2 (kt qu hnh 8)
J = M = N = 4 (kt qu hnh 9)
nh gi:
Trng hp n ngi dng (K=1): BER ca TIC v CSVD l nh nhau
i vi TIC th MUI c loi b hon ton thm ch di iu kin ti y
(K=1:64)

Hnh 8. BER v SNR ca phng php TIC v CSVD (s dng iu ch khc

nhau, J=M=N=2)

Hnh 9. BER v SNR ca phng php TIC v CSVD (s dng iu ch khc

nhau, J=M=N=4)

Kch bn thc nghim so snh SC-MMSE v TIC

Hnh 10. B thu SC MMSE vi c lng cc lung d liu song song

Phng php iu ch: 16-QAM

Mi trng: n ngi dng v a ngi dng (K=1:64)
J = 1, J = 2, M = N = 2 (kt qu hnh 10)
J = 1, J = 4, M = N = 4 (kt qu hnh 11)
nh gi:

Phng php SC-MMSE lm tt hn TIC trong c trng hp n ngi

dng v a ngi dng.

Hnh 11. BER ca phng php TIC v SC-MMSE (iu ch 16-QAM,

M=N=2, J=1, J=2)

Hnh 12. BER ca phng php TIC v SC-MMSE (iu ch 16-QAM,

M=N=4, J=1, J=4)

4.5 M hnh thc nghim v so snh vi h thng downlink MIMO MCCDMA

Chng ta xt h thng DOWNLINK MIMO MC-CDMA trong mi trng
truyn thng v tuyn thng minh vi cc d liu khi to nh sau:

J=M=N=2
S sng mang con L = 32
Vector tn hiu phn b c lp vi iu ch 16 QAM
Profile tr cng sut hm m vi Lc = 8, phn bit gia mi knh MIMO la

chn tn s vi trm gc v mi ngi dng.

Thnh phn suy gim theo hm m gi thit l = 0.1
Hai b thu xut l CI-TIC v CI-SC-MMSE
Cc m s dng khai trin so snh HW v CI
Vic nh gi hiu sut thc hin da trn BER

Cc kin trc trin khai m CI:

Hnh 13. Kin trc my pht trin khai m CI cho MC-CDMA

Hnh 14. Kin trc my thu trin khai m CI cho MC-CDMA

Trong m hnh u tin, chng ta s so snh bn phng php CI-TIC, HWTIC, CI-SC-MMSE, v HW-SC-MMSE vi cc tham s tnh ton:
P = 8 sng mang con phn b cho cc ngi dng s cp
S song mang con hot ng I = L P = 24
Do vy khi ti y , chng ta c K = I = 24 ngi dng hot ng
T kt qu trn hnh 15, chng ta thy rng cc b thu TIC (CI-TIC v HWTIC) loi b hon ton MUI, tuy nhin hiu sut b suy gim do tr n nh ca
knh. Cc b thu SC-MMSE gii quyt c hn ch ny v cn cho thy hiu
sut vt tri c trong trng hp n ngi dng v ti y .

Hnh 15. BER v SNR i vi cc phng php TIC v SC MMSE khi I = 24

Chng ta xt n m hnh th 2 (kt qu trn hnh 16) vi cc tham s tnh

ton nh sau:
P = 9 sng mang b ngng hot ng
NI = 46 khng phi l bi s ca 4, do vy m HW khng c tnh trc giao
nn xut hin sai s ln ti BER = 10 -2 i vi HW-TIC. Nhng CI-TIC vn
duy tr c kh nng loi b MUI do s dng m CI (M giao thoa sng
mang con). i vi cc b SC-MMSE th hiu sut l nh nhau trong trng

hp n ngi dng, nhng trong mi trng ti y HW-SC-MMSE b

suy gim 5 dB ti BER = 10-2 so vi CI-SC-MMSE, v HW-SC-MMSE cng
khng b li nh HW-TIC. iu cho thy cc b thu SC-MMSE vt tri
hn hn so vi cc b thu TIC i vi MUI thm ch ngay c khi khng c
tnh trc giao.

Hnh 16. BER v SNR i vi cc phng php TIC v SC MMSE khi I = 23

Chng ta xt m hnh th ba (kt qu trn hnh 17) khi s sng mang con b
ngng hot ng tng ln:
P = 21, do vy ch c I = 11 sng mang con hot ng.
Trong trng hp ny chiu di m NI = 22 khng phi l b s ca 4
So snh kt qu trn hnh 17 v hnh 18, chng ta thy rng hiu sut ca cc
b thu CI-TIC l thp hn v ch c SNR l cao.
Tuy nhin nhn vo kt qu ny, chng ta thy rng hiu sut CI-TIC khng
phc thuc vo s sng mang con hot ng, cn hiu sut BER ca cc b
thu SC-MMSE ph thuc vo s sng mang con hot ng. Hiu sut ca CI
SC-MMSE v HW-SC-MMSE b suy gim 5 dB ti BER = 10 -4 trong trng
hp ti y .

Hnh 18. BER v SNR i vi cc phng php CI-TIC v SC-MMSE khi I

= 11

4.6 nh gi h thng MIMO s dng phn tch SVD

phn thc nghim ny, chng ta kho st mt mi trng thng tin di ng
c mc phn tn cao i vi knh MIMO nt x nr (nt-anten pht v nr-anten thu)
nh gi dung lng ca h thng MIMO s dng phn tch SVD (kt qu hnh
19). V bn cnh kho st kt qu ca hm mt xc xut (Probability density
function-PDF) nh gi dung lng h thng MIMO trong c hai trng hp
tng s lng my pht v my thu (kt qu hnh 20).

Hnh 19. Dung lng h thng MIMO s dng phn tch SVD

Hnh 20. Phn b hm mt xc sut (PDF) cho h thng MIMO s dng

phn tch SVD

Nhn xt: chng ta d dng thy rng dung lng h thng MIMO tng ln khi s
lng my pht v my thu tng ln, ng thi phn b cng sut cng tng theo.

V. KT LUN
MAI/CSI, MUI, v mt tnh trc giao m tri ph ngng hot ng mt s
sng mang con ang l thch thc hng u i vi cc h thng MIMO MCCDMA. Bi bo ny trnh by cc b thu da trn SVD i vi uplink MIMO
MC-CDMA v downlink MIMO MC-CDMA trong mi trng truyn pht v
tuyn thng minh. u tin, trn h thng uplink MIMO MC-CDMA chng ta
thy r s vt tri ca phng php xut SC-MMSE so vi TIC trong c hai
trng hp n ngi v a ngi dng trong vic loi b MAI/CSI, MUI v m
bo hiu sut ca h thng. i vi h thng downlimk MIMO MC-CDMA c
xt trong mi trng truyn thng v tuyn thng minh, cc b thu xut l CITIC v CI-SC-MMSE cho thy kh nng loi b MAI/CSI v MUI rt tt, tuy
nhin CI-TIC th gp hn ch l khuch i cng sut nhiu v b suy gim hiu sut
i vi cc tr n nh; nhng CI-SC-MMSE khc phc c hn ch v cn
cho thy s vt tri v mt hiu sut. T cc nhn xt thc nghim, chng ta thy
rng h thng MC-CDMA c kh nng thc thi cao v p ng c s lng thu
bao ln vi cc tiu ch cht lng cao.

VI. HNG NGHIN CU TRONG TNG LAI

T kt qu nghin ny trong bi bo ny, chng ta thy rng tim nng pht
trin ca h thng MIMO ni chung l rt kh quan v i vi MIMO MC-CDMA
l hon ton kh thi trong thc t. Do , trong tng lai, cn quan tm nghin cu
thm cc gii php kt hp nng cao cht lng h thng hn na (lc Kalman,
c lng knh vi b cn bng MMSE, SVD a tuyn tnh, v..v), lm gim
phc tp ca MC-CDMA vi MMSEC, hng ti tnh hiu qu v mt kinh t khi
trin khai h thng.

TI LIU THAM KHO

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