ANSWER : CHAPTER 2

1. Figure shows a freshwater unicellular organism, the Amoeba

(a) (i)
(ii)

Name the structure labeled X?

Contractile vacuole
What is the function of X?
To regulate water contents in the cell.

(b) Explain the process carried out by X

Amoeba lives in the environment which is hypotonic to the cell. Water diffuses into
The cell by osmosisand fills the contractile vacuole. When the vacuole is full it
contracts to expel its contents.
(c ) Name the process in which Amoeba
(i) excrete carbon dioxide
Simple diffusion
(ii) reproduce
Binary fission
(iii)
engulf food particles
Phagocytosis
(d)

(i) Name the structure in Ameoba that helps it to move

Pseudopodium

(ii) Explain how the structure named in (d)(i) plays in role.

Amoeba moves by extending cytoplasmic projections called pseudopodia . The

cytoplasm slowly flows into the pseudopodia, hence moving the organism.
(iii) Name the type of movement mentioned in d (ii)
Ameboid movement.
2. a. Study the diagrams below. Identify the structures or organelles (A J) and complete
the following table.

B
D
E

G
I

An animal cell
Name of organelle / structure

A plant cell
Function

Consequence if absent
No transportation of
proteins
Energy cannot be
produced
Have irregular shape
(eg. Animal cell)
Lipid and glycerol
cannot be transport
No cell division, all
cell activities stop.
Cannot store nutrients

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Transporting proteins

Mitochondrion

Site for energy production

Cell wall

Give fixed shape to the cell

Transport lipid and glyserol

Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
Nucleus

Vacuole

Cytoplasm

Plasma membrane

Lysosomes

Control cell activities, contains

genetic material.
Storing nutrients (sugar and
amino acid) in its sap.
Food storage, medium for
metabolic reaction
Controlling entry and exit of
substances
Releases enzymes outside the
cell.

No site for metabolic

reaction
No selective barrier
No enzymes being
released

Chloroplast

Carries out photosynthesis

Photosynthesis cannot
occur

Golgi apparatus

Storing and transporting lipids.

Produces glycoprotein,
polysaccharide and secretory
enzyme.

b. Any two differences : Cell wall, Vacuole, Centriole, Storage granule, Chloroplast
c. (i) What is cell specialization ?
Cell changes in structure or function in order to carry out a specific function.
(ii) How are cells organised into a multicellular organism ?
Cell

tissue

organ

system

organism