adiabatic Q = 0

Prefixes:
-12

p (pico) = 10
-9
n (nano) = 10
-6
(micro) = 10
-3
m (milli) = 10
-2
c (centi) = 10
3
k (kilo) = 10
6
M (mega) = 10
9
G (Giga) = 10
12
T (Tera) = 10
Small angle approximation
tan sin

2 =

= = ( )

= | |

cos =

tan =

= cos

Thermo expansion:
=
= 2
= 3
=

= 6.02 1023
=
J

= 8.314

1 1
1

=
=

; = .

= 1.33

1023

Chapter 20:
=
=
1 = 4.186

540

= 80
=

. = +

Chapter 26:
=
=
=

Chapter 22:
= =

=1

=
0

() =

() =

() =

| |

= 1

2
7

= . ;
1 = . ;

1 2

2
5

/ =

2 2

+ 32

.08206

Chapter 25:

Chapter 19:

20

For diatomic:
4

= 3

= (Two planes)

= ; = .
= ; = .
For monatomic:

sin =

3
2

2 =

= =

= 4
=

Chapter 21:
1

Chapter 24:

Chapter 23:
= 1.6 1019
= 9.11 1031

| | = 21 2

= 2

| | = 2

=
3
( 2 + 2 )2
2
= 8.99 109 2
2
0 = 8.85 1012 2

. = 1 + 2 + +
1
1
1
1
= + + +

1
2
2

2
1
2

=
. = 0

1
( )

=
=

= 0
Chapter 27/28:

=
=
=
=

= 0 [1 + ( 0 )]
= 0 (1 + ( 0 ))
1
=

=
=
=

 = 0
=

= 0 + 0

= 0

= 0

= sin (

= 0 (1 )
= 0 (1 )
= 1 + 2 + +
1
1
1
1
= + + +
1

=
=
=
=

() = (1

() =
1
= 2 2
1 2

= 0
2
= 0
=

0 2
3

2( 2 + 2 )2
0
= 2

= 0
2 = 0
Chapter 31:

= ( ) 0

0 =

2

= 0

2
= = 2
0

Chapter 33:
= ()
= ()
=
=
1
=

|| = 2 + ( )2

tan =

=
2
=
1
2

2
2
1

() = 0 2 ()

Chapter 34:
= 0

= 0 + 0 0

2
1 2
=
2
2 2
2
2
=

0
0
2

2
2
2
= 0 0 2
2

1
=
0 0

= 2.99 108

1
(
0

=
) =

| | =

20

=
2

=
20
2

=
20

=

=
=

4 2

= 2

=
|| =
=
=
=
=
=

cos + =

Chapter 30:

= 0 2

= sin( )
= sin ( )

= 2

Chapter 29:
=

= =

= 0 ()

=
=

2
)

=
Chapter 32: