Blace Jacobus

IE 673- Assignment 5

04/24/16

1) What is QFD
Qualityfunctiondeploymentisthedesigningofanewproductorservicewiththecustomerswants
imbeddedineverystepoftheproductdevelopment.Thiswillleadtoaproductthatacustomerhastheneed
forandcontainsattributesthataredesirabletothecustomer.TheQFDusesTheHouseofQualityto
structurethedevelopmentofaproduct.Beingadesignengineeritismyjobtocreateaproductfrom
scratchandIseefirsthandhoweasyitcanbeforaproducttogetofftrack.Theinitialideacanstem
directlyfromacustomerbutbythetimetheproductgetsreleasedsomanypeoplewhohaveputinthere
twosincethatitmaynotevenfittheoriginalcustomersneeds.
2)ExplaintheWHATsinaQFDmatrix
TheWHATsinaQFDmatrixisthefirststepinthedesignorimprovementofaproduct.Itistheresearch
andunderstandingofwhatthecustomerswantsandneedsinanewproduct.Thebookoutlinesafewtoolsthatcan
beusedtohelpprioritizeandmakethedatagatheredinthisresearchunderstandable.Thesetoolsaretheaffinity
chartandTreediagram.OnoneofmycurrentjobprojectsweareintheWHATsphaseandfindingwhatthe
customerswantsiseasybutprioritizingwhatisthemostimportantfeaturesandwhatisnotiswhereIfindthings
mostchallenging.
3)ExplaintheHOWsinaQFDmatrix
TheHOWsoftheQFDmatrixaretheinternalrequirementsorselectionsforhowacompanywillmeetthe
topprioritizedneedsofthecustomers.Inthebooksexamplethisisdescribedashowthetextsbookswillbelaidout,
fontstyle,editorialchangesandsuch.Inmyjobitisthestandardsofourcompanysuchasmaterialselection,
productsurfacefinish,andthingsthatarenotdirectlyrelatedtothecustomersneedsbutarehowtheproductswill
accomplishthegoalsoftheproduct.
4)Explain1,3,or9interrelationshipvaluesinaQFDmatrix
The1,3or9valuesoftheinterrelationshipgivesaweightedvaluesfortheHOWswillaffecttheWHATsinthe
interrelationshipchart.Thiswillallowthedesignersaneasywayofunderstandingofhowtoachieveeachofthe
costumersdesires.AsIhavepreviouslystateditishardtoknowwhatisthemostimportantfactorforthecustomers
sooncethisdeterminedthenextstepistounderstandhowtousestheHOWsofmycompanytoaccomplishthisand
thisisnicelydisplayedintheinterrelationshipchart.
5)Explainhowyoucalculatethetechnicalpropertiesinthedesigntargetmatrix
OncetheinterrelationshiptablehasbeenconstructeditissimpletocomputetheTechnicalPropertyvalueassociated
witheachtechnicalrequirement.Itisassimpleasmultiplyingtheinterrelationshipvalues(1,3,9)withtheoverall
weightingofthecustomerneedsthisisthenaddedtoalloftheinterrelationshipsinthatparticularrequirementrow.
6)Definestatisticalprocesscontrol
Processcontrolisanextremelyimportanttoolforgettingaprocessundercontrol.Statisticalprocesscontrolisa
meansforunderstandingandseparatingspecialcasesthatcauseabnormalitiesinaprocessfromnaturalvariancein

Blace Jacobus

IE 673- Assignment 5

04/24/16

theprocess.Oncethespecialcasesareseparatedandaprocessinsaidtobeincontrol,studyandimprovementofa
processcanthentakeplace.

Blace Jacobus

IE 673- Assignment 5

04/24/16

7)Explaincontrolchartsforvariables,withasimplemathematicalexample
Acontrolchartisusedtoexamineaprocess.Sincetherearemanydifferenttypesofprocessestherearedifferent
chartsthatcorrespondwiththetypesofdatatakenfromeachprocess.Anexampleofthiswouldbeacritical
dimensionofapartfromaproductionsmachine.Ifthemachinerunsfor16hours(2shifts)andthenumberof
dimensionisrecordedevery4hoursthiswillgiveus4measuredvaluesperday.(n=4)Forthedatathatfollowsan
xchartandRChartwereconstructed.

Subgr
oup

x1

x2

x3

x4

Sum

Day 1
Day 2

1
2

0.001
0.002

0.002
0.003

0.002
0.002

0.004
0.001

0.009
0.008

Day 3

0.004

0.003

0.002

0.002

0.011

Day 4

0.002

0.001

0.002

0.001

0.006

Day 5

0.003

0.001

0.002

0.001

0.007

A2

0.58

D3

D4

2.11

Average Mean
Average
Range
UCLx
LCLx
UCLR
LCLR

Mean
0.002
25
0.002
0.002
75
0.001
5
0.001
75
0.002
05
0.002
0.003
21
0.000
89
0.004
22
0

Rang
e
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.002

Blace Jacobus

IE 673- Assignment 5

04/24/16

x-Chart
0
0

Subgroup Average

Subgroup Average

UCL

LCL

0
0
0
1

Subgroup Number

R-Chart
0.01
0

Subgroup Average

0
Subgroup Range

UCL
LCL

0
0
0
1

Subgroup Number

Blace Jacobus

IE 673- Assignment 5

04/24/16

8) Explain control charts for attributes, with a simple mathematical example.

For the same machine as described above the number of rejects of the critical
dimension can be plotted in a control chart as well. This process must be plotted in
an attribute chart though since the number of rejects is not a measured value but a
counted value.
Subgr
oup

np

Day 1

1%

n
P
Average

Day 2

1%

UCL

Day 3
Day 4
Day 5

3
4
5

4
2
3

2%
1%
2%

LCL

200
1%
0.03509805
2
0.01109805
2

P-Chart
4%
3%
Subgroup Average

2%
Subgroup Average

UCL

1%

LCL

0%
-1%

-2%
Subgroup Number

9) Discuss and explain various continual quality improvement methods and tools
This section discussed many different tools and methods for continual quality improvement. The majority
of these were in the forms of graphs and charts. These charts are able to point out of the process is out of
control or any special cases that are causing abnormalities in the process. This is important because the
process must be under control before improvement can take place. If the process is out of control it will
be impossible to determine if the attempt to improve the process has affected it or not.

Blace Jacobus

IE 673- Assignment 5

04/24/16

Blace Jacobus

IE 673- Assignment 5

04/24/16

10) Explain the way control charts could be used for quality improvements
As described in the last question control charts are a tool for continues quality improvements. Taking the
example from number 7 regarding the critical dimension of a manufactured part we can understand how
the charts can help. In my particular example the process is under control and there were no special cases.
The desired value for this dimension is 0.002. If upgraded cutting tools were bought for the machine we
could track to see if tools helped bring the average value of the dimension closer to 0.002. If they did
then it can be said it had a positive effect and the improvement could be kept but if a negligible effect was
seen then that improvement did not acutely improve and can be removed.