EconomicApplicationofPostTensioning

InKoreanResidentialBuilding
AlternativeApplicationofPostTensionedFloorSystem
(RCSlabvs.PTSlabvs.PTVoidSlab)

2012.5.8
DAELIM IndustrialCo.,Ltd.
ADAPT Corporation
2012PTI Convention

2012PTITechnicalConference
&Exhibition

Contents

[Part 1] Post-Tension Design Proposal in Korea

1) ResidentialBuildingsinKorea

ByJKYoon/DAELIM

2) EconomicApplicationofPostTensioning
3) SustainableApplicationofPostTensioning
(PostTensionedVoidSlab)

[Part 2] Evaluation of Alternative PT Floor System

1) PostTensionedVoidSlabDesignMethod

ByFlorian Aalami /ADAPT

2) AlternativeApplicationofPostTensioning
3) EvaluationofEconomicEfficiency
4) EvaluationofStructuralPerformance

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[Part 1] Post-Tension Design Proposal in Korea

JangKeun Yoon/Manager/KoreanP.E

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1)ResidentialBuildingsinKorea

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Residential Buildings in Korea

TypicalResidentialBuildings

DAELIM Apartment
Location

: Kimpo, Gyeonggi-do

Occupancy

: Residential Apartment

Gross Area

: 198,456m2

No of Block

: 14 Apartments

Bldg Story

: 20~30F

Bldg Height

: 60~90m

Lateral Resist : Shear Wall System

Floor Type

: RC Flat Plate

Architect

: Haeahn Architecture

Construction

: DAELIM Co., Ltd

Const Period : Jan 2010 ~ July 2012

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Residential Buildings in Korea

2012PTITechnicalConference
&Exhibition

ApartmentComplex

Chunan Project(11Block,2011~2013)

Sindang Project(13Block,2009~2011)

Buchun Project(8Block,2009~2011)

Morethan100Projects
(Daliem,since1998)

Dangjin Project(10Block,2008~2010)

Osan Project(19Block,2008~2010)

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Residential Buildings in Korea

RecentChangeoftheStructuralSystem
[Past]RCShearWallSystem

[Present]RCColumnSystem
DryWall
(Prefabricated)

RCWall

Toilet
Kitchen
Room2

Room3
Living
Room
Room1

[UnitPlan]

[UnitPlan]

WhyColumnType?

< PrototypeBuilding>

1) Flexible

EasytoRenovate

2) Sustainable

LongLifeHouse

3) Ecofriendly ReduceCO2 Emission

4) Serviceable

ReduceNoiseTransmission

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Residential Buildings in Korea

IncreaseoftheFloorSpan
[Present]ShortSpan(5~6m)

2.8m

[Future]LongSpan(9~10m)

2.8m

RemoveInteriorColumn

210mm(8in)SLAB

WoodenFloorCover
THK45
:CementMortar(HeatingCoil)
/
THK45mm
THK45

THK45mm
:LightweightAeratedConcrete(Insulation)
THK20
:Cushioningmaterial(Soundproof)
THK20mm

210mm(8in)SLAB

WhyLongSpanFloor?

THK210
R C S:RCSLAB
lab / +
THK210mm

320

210

110

1) ProvideOpenSpacewithFewerColumns
2) ImproveConstructability
3) SaveConstructionTime

<StandardFloor,KoreanMLTMA>
*MLTMA:MinistryofLand,TransportandMaritimeAffairs

4) ReduceConcreteVolume(ReduceCO2)

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Residential Buildings in Korea

PostTensioningSolution

BenefitsofPostTensionedSlab
LongSpan(9~10m)

1) ReducedFloorHeight
MaintainTypical2.8mHeight
2.8m

2) LongerSpan
210mmPTFlatPlateL=9.5m(L/45)
3) LesserWeight
210mm(8in)SLAB

ReduceCO2 Emission
ImproveSeismicPerformance
4) ImprovedDurability
ReduceCrack&Deflection
5) SavingMaterial&Money
ReduceConcreteandRebarQuantity

<PostTensionedSlabSystem>

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2)EconomicApplicationofPostTensioning

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Economic Application of Post-Tensioning

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[CASESTUDY]Typical20FResidentialBuilding

82m2

82m2

<TypicalFloorofApartment>
*CompletedbyDAELIMin2011

6m
Column(Removalby PTSlab)
DryWall
(Prefabricated)

<RCColumnPlan>
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Economic Application of Post-Tensioning

2012PTITechnicalConference
&Exhibition

[ALT1]ReinforcedConcreteSLAB

6,000

(Thk =210mm,Span=6.0m)

4,960

InteriorColumns:4EA
ExteriorColumns:3EA
4,480

7,680

Conc :57m3(21MPa)
Rebar :5.25tonf

RCSLAB(Thk=210mm)

< RebarLayout>
< MIDASADSModel>
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Economic Application of Post-Tensioning

2012PTITechnicalConference
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[ALT2]ReinforcedConcreteSLAB

7,900

(Thk =250mm,Span=7.9m)

RemoveInterior
Columns(4EA)

4,600

6,130

HD13@300(T)
HD16@300(T)
HD13@300(B)

HD13@300(T)
HD13@300(T)
HD13@300(B)

HD13@300(T)
HD13@300(T)
HD13@300(B)

HD13@300(T)
HD16@300(T)
HD13@300(B)

HD13@300(T)
HD13@300(T)
HD13@300(B)

HD13@300(T)
HD13@300(T)
HD13@300(B)

HD13@300(T)
HD13@300(T)
HD13@300(B)

5- HD13(T.ADD)
HD13@300(T)
HD13@300(T)
HD13@300(B)

3- HD16(T&B,ADD)

HD13@300(T)
HD13@300(T)
HD13@300(B)

HD13@300(T)
HD16@300(T)
HD13@300(B)

HD13@300(T)
HD16@300(T)
HD13@300(B)

HD13@200(T)
HD13@200(B)

HD13@300(T)
HD13@300(T)
HD13@300(B)

HD13@300(T)
HD16@300(T)
HD13@300(B)

HD13@300(T)
HD16@300(T)
HD13@300(B)

HD13@300(T)
HD16@300(T)
HD13@300(B)

HD13@300(T)
HD13@300(T)
HD13@300(B)

HD13@200(T)
HD13@200(B)

5- HD13(T.ADD)

HD13@300(T)
HD16@300(T)
HD13@300(B)

HD13@300(T)
HD13@300(T)
HD13@300(B)

HD10@300(T)
HD10@300(B)

3- HD16(T&B,ADD)

HD13@300(T)
HD13@300(T)
HD13@300(B)

HD13@300(T)
HD16@300(T)
HD13@300(B)

HD13@300(T)
HD13@300(T)
HD13@300(B)

HD13@300(T)
HD16@300(T)
HD13@300(B)

HD10@300(T)
HD10@300(B)

HD13@300(T)
HD16@300(T)
HD13@300(B)

4,480

HD13@300(T)
HD13@300(T)
HD13@300(B)

Rebar :6.35tonf

3- HD16(T&B.ADD)

3- HD16(T&B.ADD)

Conc :68m3(21MPa)
RCSLAB(Thk=250mm)

3- HD16(T&B.ADD)

< RebarLayout>
< MIDASADSModel>
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Economic Application of Post-Tensioning

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[ALT3]PostTensionedSLAB
(Thk =210mm,Span=8.3m)

7,900

Tendon

RemoveInterior
Column(4EA)

8,340

6,130

RemoveExterior
Column(2EA)

Conc :57m3(30MPa)
Rebar :2.93tonf

PTSLAB(Thk=210mm)

Tendon:0.73tonf
< TendonLayout>
< MIDASADSModel>
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Economic Application of Post-Tensioning

2012PTITechnicalConference
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[ALT3]PostTensionedSLAB
(Thk =210mm,Span=8.3m)

Unbonbded Tendon

<TendonLayout>

max=16.0mm<L/480=17.3mmO.K

<RebarLayout>

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Economic Application of Post-Tensioning

Tendon&RebarPriceRatioinManyCountries

[unit:USD]

Swiss

Korea

Middle
East

Spain

Vietnam

Hong
Kong

Malaysia

Singapore

USA

Thailand

Tendon

11,100

4,550

3,805

5,472

3,300

4,260

3,333

3,499

3,800

2,667

Rebar

1,550

890

800

1,176

850

1,160

1,167

1,229

1,350

1,000

Ratio

7.2

5.1

4.8

4.7

3.9

3,7

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.7

*PriceincludeMaterial&LaborCosts(perton)

SupplyandInstallationRates(USD)

CostofRebarvs.Tendon
12,000

11,100

10,000
8,000

Tendon

4,550

4,260

3,805

4,000
2,000

Rebar

5,472

6,000

3,333

3,300

3,499

3,800
2,667

1,550
890

800

1,176

850

1,160

1,167

1,229

1,350

1,000

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Economic Application of Post-Tensioning

ConstructionCostComparisoninUSAMarket
+9.7%
+2.6%

6.9%

1,000,000

Rebar :1,350USD

TOTALPRICE(Unit:USD)

StructuralMember
&Material

598,895

800,000

514,835

517,561

Concrete

Slab

600,000

400,000

200,000

Tendon:3,800USD2.8Times

124,165

273,154

162,695

133,452

268,212

91,252

78,934

110,454

RCSLAB
(Thk=210)

RCSLAB
(Thk=250)

PTSLAB
(Thk=210)

[ALT1]

[ALT2][ALT3]

[ALT2]RC

[ALT3]PT

2717m3

2282m3

Form

10800m2

10800m2

10800m2

Rebar

210tonf

254tonf

117tonf

Tendon

Ext.Wall

Concrete
Column

[ALT1]RC
2282m3

Column

Int.Wall

273,879

Slab

SlabSystem

29tonf
281m3

532m3

433m3

Form

1921m2

3382m2

2787m2

Rebar

65tonf

72tonf

59tonf

Concrete
Exterior
Form
Wall
Rebar

1128m3

1102m3

1010m3

11923m2

11657m2

10658m2

65tonf

64tonf

79tonf

Concrete

313m3

271m3

389m3

Form

4640m2

4045m2

5752m2

Rebar

19tonf

16tonf

21tonf

Interior
Wall

< MaterialQuantityfor20FBuilding>

(Benchmark)

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Economic Application of Post-Tensioning

ConstructionCostComparisoninKoreanMarket

Tendon:4,550USD5.1Times

1,000,000
+9.6%

+10.4%

+0.8%

StructuralMember
&Material

800,000
TOTALPRICE(Unit:USD)

Rebar :890USD

Concrete
478,739

600,000

400,000

200,000

481,151

Slab

418,063

93,494

242,340

128,364

237,673

105,288

236,245

82,345

71,348

100,338

RCSLAB
(Thk=210)

RCSLAB
(Thk=250)

PTSLAB
(Thk=210)

[ALT1]

[ALT2][ALT3]

Slab

[ALT2]RC

[ALT3]PT

2717m3

2282m3

Form

10800m2

10800m2

10800m2

Rebar

210tonf

254tonf

117tonf

Tendon

Ext.Wall

Concrete
Column

[ALT1]RC
2282m3

Column

Int.Wall

SlabSystem

29tonf
281m3

532m3

433m3

Form

1921m2

3382m2

2787m2

Rebar

65tonf

72tonf

59tonf

Concrete
Exterior
Form
Wall
Rebar

1128m3

1102m3

1010m3

11923m2

11657m2

10658m2

65tonf

64tonf

79tonf

Concrete

313m3

271m3

389m3

Form

4640m2

4045m2

5752m2

Rebar

19tonf

16tonf

21tonf

Interior
Wall

< MaterialQuantityfor20FBuilding>

(Benchmark)

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Economic Application of Post-Tensioning

2012PTITechnicalConference
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SUMMARY
1) SlightincreaseinconstructioncostbyPostTensioninginKoreanmarket
canbenegligible. (+0.8%)

2) [ALT3]PostTensionedSlabcanbegoodalternativefloorsystemfor
ResidentialBuildingsinKorea.
Providemoreopenspanwithlongerspan8.3m
Maintainthesameslabdepth210mm withconventionaldesign[ALT1]
Maintainthesamefloorheight2.8m withconventionaldesign[ALT1]

3) Inthefuture,itseemslikethatincreasingdemandforPostTensioningcan
lowerthetendonprice, therebyPostTensioningcanbemorecompetitivein
Korea.
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3)SustainableApplicationofPostTensioning

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Sustainable Application of Post-Tensioning

VoidSlabSystem
Benefits

WeightReduction
LighterthanSolidSlab
ReduceFloortoFloorHeight
ReduceLoadActingOnFoundation

Sustainability
SaveBuildingMaterial(Concrete&Rebar)
ReduceCO2 Emission
UseofRecycledMaterial(PlasticBall)

Weakness
SpanLengthLimitation(BubbleDeck)

* Image by Cobiax

Type

SLABThk

Bubble

Span

BD230

230mm

180

5 8.1m

BD280

280mm

225

7 10.1m

BD340

340mm

270

9 12.5m

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Sustainable Application of Post-Tensioning

2012PTITechnicalConference
&Exhibition

PostTensionedSlab+VoidSlab
PostTensionedSlab

VoidSlab

+
* Image by Bubble Deck

Slimmer(LongSpan)

Lighter(LessWeight)

210mmPTFlatPlateL=9.5m(L/45)

210mmVoidSlabL=6.5m(L/30)

PostTensionedVoidSlabSystem

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Sustainable Application of Post-Tensioning

2012PTITechnicalConference
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Howtomodel&analyzePTVoidSlab?
EquivalentSlabModelingMethod
Tendon

SubstituteVoidSlabwithEquivalentSolidSlab
h=210

<VoidSlabRegion>
Ellipsoid
170 xH110

b=210

210

<VoidSlab>

<EquivalentSlab>

Parameter

VoidSlab

EquivalentSlab

Concrete Strength

fc

fc

Width

Depth

Section

Ae

StiffnessReduction

Volume

Ve

I/Ie =91%(9%)

MomentofInertia

Ie

UnitWeight

We =(V/Ve)W

Modulus ofElasticity

Ee =(I/Ie)E

A,I,V

ConcreteReduction
V/Ve =77%(23%)

<Unit Module>

210

ReducedProperty

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Sustainable Application of Post-Tensioning

2012PTITechnicalConference
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[Ref.]FreeVibrationTestofVoidSlab(Dr.KyoungKyu Choi,Soongsil Univ,Korea)

1mHeight

Sandbag
(3kg)

Accelerometer
<VoidSlabSpecimen>
Ellipsoid
170 xH110
h=210

<SlabSection withEllipsoidBall>
<IsometricEllipsoidBall>

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Sustainable Application of Post-Tensioning

2012PTITechnicalConference
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[Ref.]FreeVibrationTestofVoidSlab(Dr.KyoungKyu Choi,Soongsil Univ,Korea)

1mHeight

Sandbag
(3kg)

Accelerometer

SlabThick
(mm)
210

PlasticBall
(mm)
Ellipsoid,
170 H110

Concrete
Reduction
23%

<AccelerationTimeHistory>

Damping
Frequency
Ratio
0.8%

21.6Hz

21.6Hz

<NaturalFrequencybyFFT >
*FFT:FastFourierTransformation
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Verification(TestResultvs.AnalysisResult)

VoidSlab: We Ee fck
SolidSlab: WEfck

VoidSlab

SolidSlab

<ResultComparison>
FreeVibrationTestResult:21.6Hz

IsometricView

FreeVibrationAnalysisResult:21.7Hz
UnitWeight(kN/m3)

We =1.85(77%)

W=24

Modulus ofElasticity

Ee =27,099(91%)

E=29,779

(EquivalentSlabModelingMethod)

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[Part 2] Alternative Application of PT Floor System

Florian Aalami /President/Ph.D.

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1)PostTensionedVoidSlabDesignMethod

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Post-Tensioned Void Slab Design Method

2012PTITechnicalConference
&Exhibition

VoidSlabSystemwithPlasticBall
1) SLAFSystem,Korea

<EllipsoidBall>

2)Cobiax,Switzerland

<SphereBall>

3)BubbleDeck,Denmark

<SphereBall>

Property

VoidSlab

Property

VoidSlab

Property

VoidSlab

SlabDepth

210mm

SlabDepth

210mm

SlabDepth

210mm

PlasticBall

170xH110

PlasticBall

100

PlasticBall

100

UnitWeight

We =0.77W

UnitWeight

We =0.85W

UnitWeight

We =0.85W

Modulus ofElasticity

Ee =0.91E

Modulus ofElasticity

Ee =0.95E

Modulus ofElasticity

Ee =0.95E

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Post-Tensioned Void Slab Design Method

2012PTITechnicalConference
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HowtoAnalyzeandDesignthePTVoidSlab?
[6STEP]PostTensionedVoidSlabDesign
STEP1

VoidSlabModeling

STEP2

DesignLoadInput

STEP3

TendonLayout

STEP4

StructuralAnalysis

STEP5

DesignStripModeling

STEP6

AllowableStressCheck

Tendon

<VoidSlab>

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Post-Tensioned Void Slab Design Method

[CASE1]EllipsoidBall(170xH110)
A,I,V

<Isometric View>

<EquivalentSlabRepresentation>

CalculateSectionChange
Ae 200 210 42 ,000mm 2
A Ae 16 ,103 25 ,897 mm 2

CalculateVolumeChange
Ve 130 130 210 3 ,549 ,000mm 3
V Ve 523 ,599 3 ,025 ,401mm 3

CalculateStiffnessChange
Ie 130 210 3 / 12 100 ,327 ,500mm 3

<EllipsoidBall>

Ae ,Ie,Ve

I Ie 4 ,908 ,739 95 ,418 ,761mm 3

A
62%
Ae

V
77%
Ve

I
91%
Ie

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Post-Tensioned Void Slab Design Method

[CASE1]EllipsoidBall(170xH110)

ReducedWeight: We

V
W
Ve

0.77 2 ,400kgf / m 3 1 ,848kgf / m 3

I
E ( 8 ,500 3 fck 8 )
Ie
0.91 28 ,577 MPa 26 ,005MPa

ReducedStiffness: E e
<EllipsoidBall>

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Post-Tensioned Void Slab Design Method

[CASE2]SphereBall(100)
A,I,V

<Isometric View>

<EquivalentSlabRepresentation>

CalculateSectionChange
Ae 130 210 27 ,300mm 2
A Ae 7 ,854 19 ,446mm 2

CalculateVolumeChange
Ve 200 200 210 8 ,400 ,000mm 3
V Ve 1 ,903 ,594 6 ,496 ,406mm 3

CalculateStiffnessChange
Ie 200 210 3 / 12 154 ,350 ,000mm 3

<SphereBall>

Ae ,Ie,Ve

I Ie 13 ,841,884 140 ,508 ,116mm 3

A
71%
Ae

V
85%
Ve

I
95%
Ie

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Post-Tensioned Void Slab Design Method

[CASE2]SphereBall(100)

ReducedWeight: We

V
W
Ve

0.85 2 ,400kgf / m 3 2 ,040kgf / m 3

I
E ( 8 ,500 3 fck 8 )
Ie
0.95 28 ,577 MPa 27 ,148MPa

ReducedStiffness: E e
<SphereBall>

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2012PTITechnicalConference
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<DesignLoadforResidentialBuildinginKorea>
Room

Load

Material
Partition Wall

SDL
Room,
Kitchen
SW*

THK

Toilet

SW*

Balcony

ALC*

45mm

0.293 kN/m2

Sound Proof

20mm

Equivalent Slab

210mm

<FloorSection>

320

210

110

ELEV.
Hall

1.5

kN/m2

Mortar

40mm

0.84

kN/m2

Equivalent Slab

180mm
2.0

kN/m2

2.31

kN/m2

3.0

kN/m2

110mm

SW*

Equivalent Slab

210mm

LL

kN/m2

Partition Wall

Mortar

SW*

0.04

2.0 kN/m2

SDL

SDL

THK210
R C S:EquivalentSLAB
lab / +
THK210mm

kN/m2

0.945

LL

THK45

THK45mm
:LightweightAeratedConcrete
THK20
:Cushioningmaterial(SoundInsulation)
THK20mm

kN/m2

45mm

LL

WoodenFloorCover
THK45
:CementMortar/PanelHeating
/
THK45mm

1.5

Mortar

LL
SDL

FloorLoad

Terrazzo Finish

25mm

0.675

kN/m2

Mortar

30mm

0.63

kN/m2

Equivalent Slab

180mm
3.0

kN/m2

*SW(SelfWeight)isautomaticallycalculatedbysoftware

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Post-Tensioned Void Slab Design Method

Tendon

2012PTITechnicalConference
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<TendonLayout>

<VoidSlab>
<BandedTendonforColumnStrip>

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Post-Tensioned Void Slab Design Method

Tendon

2012PTITechnicalConference
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<FEMAnalysis>

<VoidSlab>
max=10.3mm<L/480
<LongtermDeflection>

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Post-Tensioned Void Slab Design Method

2012PTITechnicalConference
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DesignStrip1

Tendon

<VoidSlab>

<MomentDiagram DesignStrip1>

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Post-Tensioned Void Slab Design Method

2012PTITechnicalConference
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1.81

fM / Z 1.81 0.72
2.53MPa

<BottomStress DesignStrip1>
Tendon

<VoidSlab>

0.72

fP / A 0.72MPa

<AveragePrestress only DesignStrip1>

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Post-Tensioned Void Slab Design Method

<DesignStrip1>
GeometryofSolidSectionModeledinADAPT
Width(mm)
Depth(mm)
Asolid(mm2)
Isolid(mm4)

Tendon

<VoidSlab>

4,650
210
976,500
3,588,637,500

GeometryofEquivalentVoidSectionusedtoCheckStresses
Radius1ofVoid(mm)
30
Radius2ofVoid(mm)
55
HeightofVoid(mm)
110
#ofVoidsinsection
17
AofEachVoid(mm2)
16,103
Avoid(mm2)
702,744
IofEachVoid(mm4)
13,841,884
Ivoid
3,353,325,471
ConversionParameters
Avoid/Asoid(A/Ae)
Ivoid/Isoid(I/Ie)

0.72
0.93

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Post-Tensioned Void Slab Design Method

A
72%
Ae

I
93%
Ie

<EllipsoidBall>

AllowableStressCheck

Tendon

Ae
I
fP / A e fM / Z Allowable Stress
A
I

Where , Ae / A 1 / 0.72 1.39

Ie / I 1 / 0.93 1.07

1.39 ( 0.72 ) 1.07 ( 1.81 0.72 ) 1.71MPa

<VoidSlab>

Allowable Stress 0.9 0.5 fck 2.46MPa

(PTVoidSlab90%of2 wayPTSlab)

1.71MPa 2.46MPa O.K

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2012PTITechnicalConference
&Exhibition

2)AlternativeApplicationofPostTensioning

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2012PTITechnicalConference
&Exhibition

Alternative Application of Post-Tensioning

[CASESTUDY]TowerTypeResidentialBuilding

AD/PD

AD/PD

17 ELEV.
(,)

17 ELEV.
(,)

- 2

- 2

- 1

- 1

- 2

- 2

- 3

- 3

Max.Span9m

<TypicalFloorPlan>

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Alternative Application of Post-Tensioning

2012PTITechnicalConference
&Exhibition

[ALT1]ReinforcedConcreteSlab(250mm)

DESIGNCODE

KBC2009(Ref.ACI31805)
MATERIAL
Conc :fck =21MPa
Rebar :fy =400MPa
CovertoRebar
Rebar :20mm
MeshReinforcement
TopD10@200
Bot D13@250
AddRebar
Top&Bot D13

A
B
C
D

Added Rebar
D13x2000
D13x3000
D13x4000
D13x5000

<TypicalFloor RebarLayout>

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Alternative Application of Post-Tensioning

2012PTITechnicalConference
&Exhibition

[ALT2]PostTensionedSlab(210mm)

DESIGNCODE
KBC2009(Ref.ACI31805)
MATERIAL
Conc :fck =30MPa
Rebar :fy =400MPa
Tendon :fpu =1,860MPa
CovertoRebar/Tendon
Rebar :20mm
Tendon : 27mm
Prestressing Tendon
Unbonded MonoStrandTendon
12.7mm(99mm2)

<TypicalFloor TendonLayout>

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Alternative Application of Post-Tensioning

2012PTITechnicalConference
&Exhibition

[ALT2]PostTensionedSlab(210mm)

DESIGNCODE
KBC2009(Ref.ACI31805)
MATERIAL
Conc :fck =30MPa
Rebar :fy =400MPa
Tendon :fpu =1,860MPa
CovertoRebar/Tendon
Rebar :20mm
Tendon : 27mm
Prestressing Tendon
Unbonded MonoStrandTendon
12.7mm(99mm2)

A
B
C
D
E

Added Rebar
D13x2000
D13x3000
D16x3000
D16x4000
D16x5000

<TypicalFloor RebarLayout>

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Alternative Application of Post-Tensioning

2012PTITechnicalConference
&Exhibition

[ALT3]PostTensionedVoidSlab(210mm)

DESIGNCODE
KBC2009(Ref.ACI31805)
MATERIAL
Conc :fck =30MPa
Rebar :fy =400MPa
Tendon :fpu =1,860MPa
CovertoRebar/Tendon
Rebar :20mm
Tendon : 27mm
Prestressing Tendon
Unbonded MonoStrandTendon
12.7mm(99mm2)

<TypicalFloor TendonLayout>

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Alternative Application of Post-Tensioning

2012PTITechnicalConference
&Exhibition

[ALT3]PostTensionedVoidSlab(210mm)

DESIGNCODE
KBC2009(Ref.ACI31805)
MATERIAL
Conc :fck =30MPa
Rebar :fy =400MPa
Tendon :fpu =1,860MPa
CovertoRebar/Tendon
Rebar :20mm
Tendon : 27mm
Prestressing Tendon
Unbonded MonoStrandTendon
12.7mm(99mm2)

A
B
C
D
E

Added Rebar
D13x2000
D13x3000
D16x3000
D16x4000
D16x5000

<TypicalFloor RebarLayout>

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2012PTITechnicalConference
&Exhibition

3)EvaluationofEconomicEfficiency

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2012PTITechnicalConference
&Exhibition

Evaluation of Economic Efficiency

ConstructionCostComparisoninUSAMarket
Tendon:3,800USD2.8Times
Rebar :1,350USD

*MaterialQuantityCalculatedforOneTypicalFloor

SlabCharacteristic
Geometry
SlabThickness(mm)
SlabArea(m2)
ConcreteVolume(m3)
MaterialQuantity*
Reinforcement(kgf)
PTStrand(kgf)
Economics
Concrete(21MPa)
Concrete(30MPa)
VoidBall
Form
Rebar
Tendon
TotalPrice(KoreanWon)
Ratio
Decrease

(UnitPrice)
$47.6
$54.8
$12.7
$10.8
$1,350
$3,800

SlabSystem
[ALT2]PTSlab

[ALT3]PTVoidSlab

250
648.41
162.10

210
648.41
136.17
(CO2Reduction 16%)

210
648.41
124.41
(CO2Reduction 23%)

11,727

2,911
1,770

7,975
1,130

$7,722

$7,015
$15,832

$7,464

$7,015
$3,929
$6,726

$6,820
$3,097
$7,015
$10,766
$4,294

$30,569
100%

$25,134
82.2%
17.8%

$31,992
105%
+5%

[ALT1]RCSlab

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2012PTITechnicalConference
&Exhibition

Evaluation of Economic Efficiency

ConstructionCostComparisoninKoreanMarket
Tendon:4,550USD5.1Times
Rebar :890USD

*MaterialQuantityCalculatedforOneTypicalFloor

SlabCharacteristic
Geometry
SlabThickness(mm)
SlabArea(m2)
ConcreteVolume(m3)
MaterialQuantity*
Reinforcement(kgf)
PTStrand(kgf)
Economics
Concrete(21MPa)
Concrete(30MPa)
PlasticBall
Form
Rebar
Tendon
TotalPrice(KoreanWon)
Ratio

(UnitPrice)
$47.6
$54.8
$12.7
$10.8
$890
$4,550

SlabSystem
[ALT2]PTSlab

[ALT3]PTVoidSlab

250
648.41
162.10

210
648.41
136.17
(CO2Reduction 16%)

210
648.41
124.41
(CO2Reduction 23%)

11,727

2,911
1,770

7,975
1,130

$7,722

$7,015
$10,437

$7,464

$7,015
$2,590
$8,054

$6,820
$3,097
$7,015
$7,098
$5,142

$25,174
100%

$25,123
99.8%
0.2%

$29,171
116%
+16%

[ALT1]RCSlab

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2012PTITechnicalConference
&Exhibition

4)EvaluationofStructuralPerformance

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2012PTITechnicalConference
&Exhibition

Evaluation of Structural Performance

DetermineNaturalFrequency(Hz)
ADAPTVibrationAnalysisResult
Uncracked Vibration
VibrationMode1(Hz)
VibrationMode2(Hz)
VibrationMode3(Hz)
CrackedVibration
VibrationMode1(Hz)
VibrationMode2(Hz)
VibrationMode3(Hz)

<ALT1 RCSlab>

[ALT1]RCSlab

SlabSystem
[ALT2]PTSlab

[ALT3]PTVoidSlab

9.76
10.56
10.79

8.63
9.35
9.54

9.19
9.24
9.54

9.26
9.80
9.82

8.61
9.26
9.44

9.16
9.21
9.51

<ALT2 PTSlab>

<ALT3 PTVoidSlab>

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2012PTITechnicalConference
&Exhibition

Evaluation of Structural Performance

CalculatePeakAcceleration(ap/g)
1.0

1)ExcitingForceofVibration(Po)

P0 DLF (Weight of Person )

DynamicLoadFactor(DLF)

0.8

0.53 700N 371N

0.6

2)DampingFactor()
0.03

0.4

Occupancy
0.2

1.0

2.0

3.0

DampingFactor

Bareconcretefloor

0.02

Furnished,lowpartition

0.03

Furnished,fullheightpartition

0.05

Shoppingmalls

0.02

FrequencyHz
<DLFforFirstHarmonicofWalkingForce>

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2012PTITechnicalConference
&Exhibition

Evaluation of Structural Performance

CalculatePeakAcceleration(ap/g)

3)WeightofVibratingFloorPanel(W)
W ( Dimension of Panel ) ( Selfweight Partition )
( 8m 6 m ) ( Slab Depth 24kN / m 3 1.5kN / m 2 )

4)AccelerationcausedbyWalkingPerson(ap/g)
Po e ( 0.35 fn )

g
W

6m

ap

fn(hz)

P0(N)

W(kN)

ap/g

[ALT1]RCSlab

9.26

371

0.03

315

0.15

[ALT2]PTSlab

8.61

371

0.03

275

0.22

[ALT3]PTVoidSlab

9.16

371

0.03

254

0.20

8m
<FloorPlanforVibrationEvaluation>

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2012PTITechnicalConference
&Exhibition

Evaluation of Structural Performance

PeakAcceleration(%gravity)

EvaluateFloorVibration

Office,
Residential,
AssemblyHall

[ALT1]RCSlab
[ALT2]PTSlab
[ALT3]PTVoidSlab

Operating
Rooms

0.5

0.22
0.20
0.15

0.1
1

16

Frequency(Hz)
<ThresholdofHumanSensitivitytoVerticalVibration ATC>

<FirstModeofFloorVibration>

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