OBSERVATION AND FINDINGS

We have done the experiment about amplitude modulation by using practical(FACET trainer)
theoretical methods(calculation). We had make the comparison after we finish the exercises.

and

For modulated signal(Em), the value for theoretical that we got is 0.1V while for practical the value that
we got is 0.08V.

For carrier signal(Em), the value that we got by using theoretical and practical methods is 0.1V .

For frequency spectrum,the value that we got by using theoretical method is 0.2V while for practical
method the value that we got is 0.202V.

We can see that the value of Em and frequency spectrum for theoretical and practical method is slightly
difference. This occurred because of the equipment error(old FACET trainer model and a lot of time uses
by students) and also occurred because this is the first time we are using FACET trainer.

MODULATION INDEX

Under modulation(m<100%)
Occurred when carrier signal amplitude is less than the modulating signal amplitude. This is the comman
scenario to avoid distortion
100% modulation
When the modulation index reaches a modulation depth of 100%, the carrier level falls to zero and rise to
twice its non-modulated level. It is considered ideal as it minimize the losses and get perfect signal.

Over modulation(m>100%)
The carrier experiences 180 phase reversals where the carrier level would try to go below the zero point.
Distortion occur

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, it can be seen that the amplitude of the radio frequency has been changed by using
Amplitude Modulation signal without disturbing the frequency. This process occurs involving carrier
signal and modulating signal. The modulating signal vary the amplitude of the carrier signal linearly
while the frequency was not effected. The amplitude of both signals effect the outcome of the Amplitude
Modulation as it affect the modulation index, m. The output of modulated signal can be separated into 3
classes which are ideal modulation(m=1) , over modulation(m>1) and under modulation(m<1).

Although some of the experiment results are different compared to the theoretical. This experiment still
considered as success because the differences is caused by some trivial error and it still can be proved by
the theory.