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Paradigm Shift Essay
Paradigm Shift Essay
Reyer
A
Fight
For
Whats
Right
that
caused
an
intellectual
or
social
disorder.
Luckily,
people
with
a
full
range
of
intellectual
disabilities
no
longer
have
to
face
these
cruel
treatments
chosen
for
them
by
their
family
or
even
society
as
whole.
There
has
been
an
almost
complete
turnaround
in
the
treatment
and
perception
of
people
with
intellectual
disabilities
in
America
in
the
past
80
or
so
years
that
greatly
impacted
the
lives
of
these
people
and
shone
how
American
society
has
become
more
inclusive.
Many
shifts
have
occurred
very
similar
to
this
one,
but
many
of
these
have
not
made
as
big
of
an
impact
on
the
lives
of
so
many
innocent
people.
eyes
of
people
all
around
the
world.
The
spark
to
the
initial
separation
between
people
with
disabilities
and
those
without
them
was
the
physical
differences.
Some
disorders
cause
physical
deformities
along
with
specific
facial
features
distinctive
to
only
someone
with
that
particular
disorder.
People
could
tell
the
difference
in
the
physical,
intellectual,
and
social
aspects
of
people
with
intellectual
disabilities.
Looking
into
America
in
the
1930s,
there
was
almost
zero
tolerance
for
anyone
with
a
disability.
Although
President
Roosevelt
did
not
have
an
intellectual
disability,
he
did
have
a
physical
one.
He
along
with
his
staff
did
everything
they
could
to
hide
this
disability
so
that
people
would
not
think
of
him
as
incapable
of
being
president.
Along
with
the
attitude
towards
physical
disabilities,
there
was
a
poll
in
the
United
States
found
that
indicates
that
45%
of
the
population
favor
euthanasia
for
Like almost any other attempt for equality for a group that was
discriminated,
it
took
a
lot
of
small
changes
in
order
to
get
more
rights
for
those
with
intellectual
disabilities.
Some
changes
occurred
faster
for
people
with
physical
disabilities
because
of
all
the
disabled
veterans;
however,
it
was
much
more
challenging
to
create
a
difference
for
those
with
a
mental
disability.
One
of
the
first
steps
towards
the
fight
for
rights
for
people
with
intellectual
disabilities
came
with
the
creation
of
the
National
Association
of
Parents
and
Friends
of
Mentally
Retarded
Children
in
1950
(Harbour
and
Maulik).
This
initially
started
a
slight
shift
into
a
more
tolerant
atmosphere
towards
people
with
intellectual
disabilities.
This
small
shift
helped
to
bring
along
change
on
the
national
level
and
helped
to
create
a
presidential
panel
that
would
help
to
advocate
for
these
people.
Even
some
places
allowed
some
access
to
education,
but
this
was
only
limited
to
those
with
more
milder
disabilities
that
could
function
at
a
relatively
high
level.
Although
some
changes
began
to
happen
during
the
1950s
and
1960s,
the
shifts
in
perception
did
not
reach
everyone
in
the
country
and
did
not
help
people
within
the
full
range
of
intellectual
disabilities.
One of the largest changes to occur to benefits the lives of people with
The major changes for people with intellectual disabilities within the
government
started
to
occur
in
the
mid-1970s
through
the
1980s.
Overall,
America
was
becoming
more
accepting
and
inclusive
as
a
whole
around
this
time.
More
legislation
was
passed
at
this
time
to
prevent
the
discrimination
of
people
with
By the 1990s, the government was able to make more progress to protect
and
benefit
people
with
intellectual
disabilities
through
the
acts
passed.
Starting
in
1990,
the
Education
for
All
Handicapped
Children
Act
was
renamed
and
helped
to
further
include
children
with
disabilities
into
regular
classes
along
with
their
own
classes
(A
Brief
History
of
the
Disability
Rights
Movement).
This
further
integrated
students
with
intellectual
disabilities
into
the
everyday
lives
of
other
students
and
helped
to
stop
the
complete
segregation
in
a
school
setting.
Another
big
push
came
with
the
American
with
Disabilities
Act
because
it
helped
to
grant
more
opportunities
for
people
with
all
types
of
disabilities,
both
intellectual
and
physical,
for
employment
and
public
accommodations.
This
act
was
one
of
the
most
monumental
for
benefiting
people
with
disabilities.
It
forced
the
country
to
accept
people
with
disabilities
by
creating
more
publically
accessible
places
and
integrating
these
people
in
the
workforce.
Although
people
with
both
intellectual
and
physical
disabilities
had
held
jobs
before
this,
it
was
very
easy
for
places
of
employment
to
turn
these
people
away
because
of
something
they
had
no
control
over.
This
act
brought
national
attention
to
the
issue
behind
the
rights
of
people
with
disabilities
and
helped
society
to
better
accept
and
understand
these
people
who
are
not
the
monsters
that
they
think
they
are.
Following the American with Disabilities, a large movement that was started
by
Special
Olympics
came
along
it
is
called
the
R-word
Campaign.
This
campaign
began
in
2008
and
was
created
to
spread
awareness
and
to
end
the
use
of
the
word
retarded
(R-word:
Spread
the
Word
to
End
the
Word).
This
used
to
be
the
word
used
to
describe
people
with
intellectual
disabilities;
but
beginning
in
the
sixties,
people
started
to
used
retarded
as
a
derogatory
term
both
towards
people
with
intellectual
disabilities
and
as
an
everyday
word
(Reynolds,
Dombeck,
and
Zupanick).
By
creating
this
campaign,
Special
Olympics
has
been
able
to
spread
awareness
for
people
with
intellectual
disabilities
in
the
United
States
and
integrate
fair
treatment
of
these
people
into
the
lives
of
students
across
the
country
along
with
everyone
else.
It
even
reached
the
likes
of
public
television
through
the
show
Scrubs
when
one
of
the
main
characters
wore
a
Spread
the
Word
to
End
the
Word
shirt
(R-word:
Spread
the
Word
to
End
the
Word).
All
of
this
has
helped
to
shift
the
perception
of
people
with
intellectual
disabilities
to
one
that
is
more
equal
and
accepting.
This
campaign
also
helped
to
promote
Rosas
law
and
get
it
passed
by
the
end
of
2010.
This
law
wanted
to
end
the
use
of
mentally
retarded
and
mental
retardation
in
all
government
records
and
was
able
to
accomplish
just
that.
Such
a
simple
campaign
was
able
to
end
the
use
of
a
derogatory
term
in
the
United
States
government,
which
will
hopefully
trickle
down
and
end
the
use
of
retarded
in
everyone
lives.
This
shift
has
paralleled
the
shifts
that
have
taken
place
to
remove
the
use
of
derogatory
terms
used
with
so
many
other
minority
groups
or
groups
that
have
been
discriminated
against.
Society has made strides towards better inclusion of people with intellectual
disabilities
today,
which
is
shown
through
the
inclusion
of
students
in
all
different
school
functions.
Today,
many
students
with
intellectual
disabilities
are
being
elected
to
their
prom
and
homecoming
courts
with
many
of
them
being
crowned
king
and
queen.
Something
like
this
would
have
never
happened
ten
years
ago
because
the
level
of
involvement
with
students
was
not
even
close
to
what
it
has
become.
The
perception
of
people
with
intellectual
disabilities
has
shifted
so
much
that
they
are
now
more
considered
to
be
people
who
are
differently
abled
rather
than
people
who
are
so
vastly
different
than
everyone
else.
Society
has
become
much
more
accepting
of
people
with
intellectual
disabilities
along
with
people
from
all
different
backgrounds,
ethnicities,
races,
religions,
social
status,
sexual
orientation,
etc.
In
addition
to
the
further
inclusion
of
people
with
intellectual
disabilities
in
schools,
another
landmark
came
within
the
past
year.
Madeline
Stuart
became
the
first
model
with
Downs
syndrome
and
has
had
the
opportunity
to
walk
on
the
runway
and
be
in
several
photo
shoots
(About
Madeline).
She
has
broken
down
walls
surrounding
ideas
that
models
have
to
have
a
certain
body
type
and
look
a
certain
way.
Also
the
fact
that
society
has
started
to
accept
her
and
what
she
is
trying
to
do
shows
how
far
society
has
come
to
be
more
inclusive
and
break
down
all
types
of
barriers.
Some
people
see
this
as
an
act
of
pity
on
behalf
of
the
people
with
intellectual
disabilities,
but
it
is
more
of
a
step
towards
not
thinking
that
people
with
intellectual
disabilities
are
so
extremely
different
than
everyone
else.
Society has made leaps and bounds towards better integrating and including
people
with
intellectual
disabilities;
however,
there
is
still
more
that
can
be
done
to
make
a
more
equal
society.
Not
all
schools
across
the
country
have
proper
programs
for
students
with
intellectual
disabilities,
and
many
have
to
go
to
different
schools
in
their
area
to
receive
proper
educations.
In
addition,
there
is
always
the
debate
over
whether
people
with
intellectual
disabilities
can
make
their
own
choices
and
live
on
their
own.
In
many
cases
there
are
people
who
could
live
on
their
own
but
are
never
given
the
opportunity.
There
are
still
rights
that
need
to
be
fought
for
similar
to
how
so
many
minorities
are
fighting
for
equal
rights.
American
will
not
be
inclusive
of
everyone
until
people
feel
the
need
to
stop
fighting
for
equal
rights
and
equal
treatment
under
the
law
and
by
everyone
in
society.
More
opportunities
can
still
be
created
for
people
with
intellectual
disabilities
in
both
the
world
of
education
and
employment.
There
are
also
many
people
who
need
to
get
on
board
with
and
understand
different
things
like
the
R-word
Campaign
and
clubs
like
Special
Olympics
and
Best
Buddies.
If
not
everyone
views
people
with
intellectual
disabilities
as
a
normal
person,
there
will
never
be
complete
equality
for
them
or
any
other
person
fighting
against
discrimination.
Until
society
views
them
as
almost
completely
equal
to
everyone
else
there
will
always
be
something
society
can
do
to
give
more
opportunities
and
rights
to
people
with
disabilities.
The
shift
in
American
society
over
the
past
eighty
years
has
been
such
a
monumental
one
with
all
of
the
organizations
and
legislations
that
haven
arisen
to
create
a
more
inclusive
society,
but
people
can
still
do
more
to
create
a
more
equal
society
for
people
with
intellectual
disabilities
and
everyone
else.
Works
Cited
"About
Madeline."
Madeline
Stuart
Modelling.
Madeline
Stuart
Management
Pty
Ltd.,
2015.
Web.
12
Nov.
2015.
<http://www.madelinestuartmodel.com>.
"Appendix
14C:
Perspectives
on
the
Historical
Treatment
of
People
with
Disabilities."
Teaching
for
Diversity
and
Social
Justice.
Ed.
Maurianne
Adams,
Lee
Anne
Bell,
and
Pat
Griffin.
2nd
ed.
N.p.:
Routledge,
2007.
N.
pag.
Routledge.
Web.
5
Nov.
2015.
<http://www.life.arizona.edu/docs/ra-
section/ability-hist.pdf>.
"A
Brief
History
of
the
Disability
Rights
Movement."
A
Brief
History
of
the
Disability
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26
Nov.
2015.
<http://archive.adl.org/education/curriculum_connections/fall_2005/fall_2
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Harbour,
Catherine
K.,
Ph.D.,
and
Pallab
K.
Maulik,
MD,
Ph.D.
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History
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International
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and
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2010.
Web.
26
Nov.
2015.
<http://cirrie.buffalo.edu/encyclopedia/en/article/143/>.
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Special
Olympics:
Our
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The
Joseph
P.
Kennedy
Jr.
Foundation
for
the
Benefit
of
Persons
with
Intellectual
Disabilities,
May
2015.
Web.
1
Nov.
2015.
<http://www.specialolympics.org/Sections/What_We_Do/History_of_Special
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Reynolds,
Tammy,
B.A.,
Mark
Dombeck,
Ph.D.,
and
C.E.
Zupanick,
Psy.D.
"History
of
Stigmatizing
Names
for
Intellectual
Disabilities
Continued
-
Intellectual
Disabilities."
History
of
Stigmatizing
Names
for
Intellectual
Disabilities.
CenterSite,
2015.
Web.
26
Nov.
2015.
<http://communitycounselingservices.org/poc/view_doc.php?type=doc&id=
10356&cn=208>.
"R-word:
Spread
the
Word
to
End
the
Word."
R-word:
Spread
the
Word
to
End
the
Word.
The
Joseph
P.
Kennedy
Jr.
Foundation
for
the
Benefit
of
Persons
with
Intellectual
Disabilities,
2015.
Web.
13
Nov.
2015.
<http://www.r-
word.org/r-word-history-campaign.aspx>.
Stern,
Alexandra
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