Professional Documents
Culture Documents
International Organisation
International Organisation
N
The specialised agencies are based on inter-governmental
agreements and perform vast International functions in the
economic, social, cultural, educational and health fields. Article
57 of the United Nations Charter provides that the various
specialised agencies established by inter-governmental
agreement and having wide international responsibility, as
defined in their basic instruments economic, social, cultural,
educational, health and related fields shall be brought into
relationship with the United Nations in accordance with Article
63. Such agencies thus brought into relationship with the
United Nations are called specialised agencies of the United
Nations.
Article 63 provides that the Economic and Social Council
may enter into agreements with any of the agencies referred to
in Article 57 defining the terms, on which the agency
concerned shall be brought into relationship with the United
Nations, such agreements shall be subject to the approval by
the General Assembly. The Economic and Social Council may
co-ordinate the activities of the specialised agencies through
consultation with and recommendations to such agencies and
through recommendations to the General Assembly and to the
members of the United Nations.
Article 59 further provides that the organisation shall,
where appropriate initiate negotiations among the States
concerned for the creation of any specialised agencies required
for the accomplishment of the purpose set forth in Article 55.
FEATURES OF SPEALIZED
AGENCIES
All the specialized agencies have the following common
features:(i)
SPECIALIZED
AGENCIES
Some of the notable specialized agencies are
mentioned below:(1) International-labour Organisation (I.L.O.)
International Labour Organisation was established in
1919 as an autonomous partner of the League of Nations.
Its Head Office is situated in Geneva. It was brought into
relationship with the United Nations in 1946 through a
special agreement. This special agreement was approved
by the General Assembly on December 14, 1946.
International Labour Organisation functions in close
collaboration with the United Nations. I.L.O. was awarded
the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1969.
Composition and Functions- Its membership is open
for all the States. In 1970 it had 121 States as its
members. At present it has more than 150 members.
Following are the main organs of_the International Labour
Organisation:
(a) General Conference- Each Member State gets
representation in the General Conference. Each State has
4 representatives in the General Conferencetwo
representativesof the State Government and one each
representative of the workers and employers. Each
representative has one vote. Most of the decisions of the
Conference are in the form of Conventions and
recommendations and they require the majority of twothird members present and voting.
(b) Governing Body- The Governing body comprises
of 54 members and is a tripartite body and includes the
representatives of State Governments employers and
Assembly;
Council.
International Monetary Fund (IMF)International Monetary Fund was established under the
Bretton Woods Agreement on December 27, 1947 when
representatives of 29 countries whose quotas amounted to
80 per cent of the Funds resources had deposited their
ratification of the Agreement. The IMF became a specialized
agency in 1947. Membership in the IMF is open to every
country that controls its foreign relations and is able and
prepared to fulfil the obligations of membership. Membership
of the Fund is a pre-requisite to membership in the World
Bank (IBRD) which indicates that there is a close working
relationship between the two organisations. Articles of
Agreement of the IMF have been amended by the First
Amendment which came into effect in 1969 and by the
Second Amendment which came into force on April 1, 1978.
The purposes for the creation of IMF are laid down
under Article 1 of the Agreement which are as follows :i. To promote international monetary cooperation through a
permanent institution which provides the machinery for
consultation and collaboration on international monetary
problems.
ii. To facilitate the expansion and balanced growth of
international trade, and to contribute thereby to the
production and maintenance of high levels of employment
and real income and to the development qf the productive
resources of all members as primary objectives of
economic policy.
iii.
To promote exchange stability, maintain orderly exchange
arrangements among members, and to avoid competitive
exchange depreciation.
iv. To assist in the establishment of a multilateral system of
payments with respect to current transactions between
members and in the elimination of foreign exchange
restrictions which hamper the growth of world trade.
v.
vi.
CONCLUSION