Experiment 1 Magnetic Effect

Aim: To investigate magnets and magnetic fields.

Apparatus: Retort stand and clamp, A pair of bar magnets,
cotton thread, iron fillings, iron and steel nail, compass needle.
Sources of error and precautions 1.
2.
Method : A bar magnet was suspended in a stirrup so that it
was free to move and rotate. When it stopped moving the end
which pointed towards the Earths north was marked with a
dot. Another magnet was brought close to the suspended one
first like poles facing each other and then unlike poles. The
observations were recorded in the results.
Two bar magnets were placed on each side of a compass
needle with their N poles facing each other. They were moved
apart until the compass needle pointed up/down direction. The
distance from each magnet to the compass needle was
measured.
A nail was placed vertically on the S pole of a magnet. The
south pole of another magnet was brought close to the tip of
the nail and the results observed. Two identical nails are now
placed side by side on the north pole of a magnet and the
results were recorded.
A steel nail and an iron nail were each placed on the north
pole of a magnet. They were immersed into a heap of iron
fillings and the amount of fillings collected was noted. The
magnets were removed and the amount of fillings that
remained attached to the nails was observed.
A bar magnet was placed on a sheet of paper. A plotting
compass was placed at various points around it and the
direction of the needle was observed. A sheet of paper was

now placed on the bar magnet and some iron fillings was
sprinkled on top of it. The paper was tapped gently so that a
clear image was formed. This was repeated for magnets with
like and unlike poles facing each other respectively.

Results:
1. When the magnet was suspended in the stirrup, and
another magnet was brought close to it with like poles
facing each other _____________ occurred. However when
the N pole was facing the S- pole ______________ occurred.
2. The magnets were moved to and fro until the compass
needle pointed up/down. At this point the distance of
magnet A from the compass needle was ___________cm
while that of magnet B was ____________cm. This means
that magnet A magnetic strength is ________________ than
magnet B magnetic strength.
3. When the nail was suspended at one pole of the magnet
it was magnetized by ________________. The _____________ nail
attracted more fillings than the ____________ nail. However
on removing the magnet the ______________ nail lost most of
the fillings while the ____________ retained most of it.
4. On sprinkling the iron fillings , a _________
____________
was produced. The direction of the magnetic field was
given by the _____________ _______________.
Conclusion :
1. _________________poles of a magnet ____________ while
___________ poles of a magnet repel.
2. A strong magnet has a ___________ magnetic field than a
weak magnet.
3. ______________is a soft magnetic material, it is easily
magnetized but also loses its magnetism easily as well.
While ____________ is a hard magnetic material. It is more
difficult to magnetise but _________________ some of its
magnetism permanently.
4. The magnetic lines of force emerge from the ____________
pole and enters the ______________ pole.