Deltastar power project services Pvt.

Ltd

Name of the Trg. Prg.

: Fast Track Training programme

for Experienced Engineers
on Power system Protection

Topic

Carrier Communication basics,

Communication Protocol and carrier protection

Date

: 10 th OCT. 2011

By : Er .R.SURENDRAN
(Former SE/P&C/TNEB)

10 th OCT 2011

10-10-2011
10 th OCT 2011

Logarithmic Representation of signal Levels

Decibel Notation dB
Original unit was bel
The prefix deci means one tenth
Hence, the decible is one tenth of a bel
dB expresses logarithmically the ratio between two signal levels
(ex.: Vo/Vi = Gain)
dB is dimensionless
Either way, a drop of 3dB represents half the power and vice
versa.
10 th OCT 2011

The basic equations to calculate decibels

Iin

Io
dB 20 log
I in

Vo
dB 20 log
Vin
Po
dB 10 log
Pin
10 th OCT 2011

Io

Vin

Vo

Pin

Po

Adding it all up

V1
0 .2
A1

20
Vin 0.01
V 2 0 .1
Atten

0 .5
V1 0.2
V3 1.5
A2

15
V 2 0 .1
Vo
6
A3

4
V3 1.5
10 th OCT 2011

AV A1 Atten A2 A3 600
AdB 20 log 600 55.6

Converting between dB and Gain notation

For dB = 20 log (Vo/Vin)

if it is needed to convert from
dB to output-input ratio i.e.
Vo/Vin
Vo = Vin 10dB/20
or Vo = Vin EXP(dB/20)
Ex: calculate the output
voltage Vo if the input voltage
Vin=1mV and an amplifier of
+20 dB is used:
Vo=(0.001V) 10(20/20)
=(0.001) (10) = 0.01V
10 th OCT 2011

Vin
1 mV

Av=20dB

Vo
?

special decibel scales: dBm

dBm:
dBm used in radio frequency measurements
(RF)
0 dBm is defined as 1 mW of RF signal
dissipated in 50- resistive load
dBm = 10 log (P/1 mW)
EX: What is the signal level 9 mW as expressed in
dBm?
dBm = 10 log (P/1 mW)
dBm = 10 log (9 mW/1 mW) = 9.54 dBm

10 th OCT 2011

Converting dBm to voltage or voltage to dBm

Converting voltage to dBm :
Use the expression P=V2/R=V2/50 to find milliwatts, and
then use the equation of dBm
EX: Express a signal level of 800 V rms in dBm
P=V2/50
P=0.00000064 V / 50 p=0.0000128 mW
dBm = 10log(P/1mW)= -48.9

Converting dBm to voltage :

Find the power level represented by the dBm level, and
then calculate the voltage using 50 as the load.
EX: what voltage exists across a 50- resistive load when -6 dBm is
dissipated in the load?
P=(1 mW)(10dBm/10)
P =(1 mW)(10-6 dBm/10) =(1 mW)(10-0.6) =(1 mW)(0.25)=0.25 mW
If P=V2/50, then V = (50P)1/2 = 7.07(P1/2),
V = (7.07)(P1/2) = (7.07)(0.251/2) = 3.54 mV

10 th OCT 2011

10 th OCT 2011