CATIONS

NaOH

xs NaOH

NH3

xs NH3

Cu2

Blue ppt.
Cu(OH)2(s)

Blue ppt.
Cu(OH)2(s)

Blue ppt.
Cu(OH)2(s)

Blue cmplx.
[Cu(NH3)4]2+ (s)

Fe3

Red ppt.
Fe(OH)3(s)

Red ppt.
Fe(OH)3(s)

Red ppt.
Fe(OH)3(s)

Red ppt.
Fe(OH)3(s)

Ca2

White ppt.
Ca(OH)2(s)

White ppt.
Ca(OH)2(s)

No ppt.

No ppt.

Zn2

White ppt.
Zn(OH)2(s)

Dissolves
[Zn(OH)4]2-(aq)

White ppt.
Zn(OH)2(s)

No ppt.

No ppt.

No ppt.

NH
+
4

Ba(NO3)
(C-1)

ISCN-

White
ppt.
BaCO3
White
ppt.
Ba3(PO4)2
White
ppt.
BaSO4
No ppt.
No ppt.

BrNO3-

CO32PO43SO42-

Dissolves
[Zn(NH3)4]2+
(aq)

No ppt.

ANIONS
2 drps HNO3
2 drps HNO3
3 drps Fe(NO3)3
1 drp KMnO4
(C-2)
(C-3)
Add 5 drps TOLUENE
Inorgani
Inorgani
Organic
Organic
c
c
Top
Top
Bottom
Bottom
-

Pink
-

Yellow
Red

Clear
-

No ppt.

Pink
Yelloworange

No ppt.

Clear

Clear

Clear

Clear

Confirmator
y
Formation of
blue ppt.
+ 5 drps
KSCN: blood
red cmplx.
+ 2 drps
K4Fe(CN)6:
blue ppt.
+ 2 drps
(NH4)2C2O4:
white ppt.
+ K3Fe(CN)6:
yellow ppt.
+ K4Fe(CN)6:
white ppt.
+ NaOH
(litmus
cover): red to
blue

Confirmatory

+ HOAc:
dissolves w/
effervescence
+ HOAc:
dissolves w/o
effervescence
White ppt.
doesnt dissolve
Pink layer in C-2
Red layer in C-2
Yellow-Orange
layer in C-2
1 drp 6M H2SO4
3 drps FeSO4
2 drps 18M H2SO4
Brown ring

Note:
1) C-3: If KMnO4 is already acidified, just add 1 drop of KMnO 4.
2) C-2 and C-3: Add determinants in order.
3) Divide given amt of mixture into separate test tubes.
4) There may be more than one ion in the given mixture.