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    Adhd Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Aetiology and Epidemiology

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    mohamed aizat
    Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention arising before age 6. It is associated with risks like conduct disorder, learning difficulties, and depression. Symptoms include fidgeting, interrupting others, talking excessively, distractibility, and forgetfulness. Management involves parental/teacher support, behavioral modification, and stimulant medications like methylphenidate. ADHD is often familial and linked to dopamine/noradrenaline dysregulation in the prefrontal cortex controlling self-control. Diagnosis involves developmental assessment, neurological exam, and information from parents and teachers. Complications can include learning difficulties and accidents, while prognosis is usually improved symptoms by

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    Adhd Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Aetiology and Epidemiology

    Uploaded by

    mohamed aizat
    7 views1 page
    Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention arising before age 6. It is associated with risks like conduct disorder, learning difficulties, and depression. Symptoms include fidgeting, interrupting others, talking excessively, distractibility, and forgetfulness. Management involves parental/teacher support, behavioral modification, and stimulant medications like methylphenidate. ADHD is often familial and linked to dopamine/noradrenaline dysregulation in the prefrontal cortex controlling self-control. Diagnosis involves developmental assessment, neurological exam, and information from parents and teachers. Complications can include learning difficulties and accidents, while prognosis is usually improved symptoms by

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    ADHD Handout

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    Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention arising before age 6. It is associated with risks like conduct disorder, learning difficulties, and depression. Symptoms include fidgeting, interrupting others, talking excessively, distractibility, and forgetfulness. Management involves parental/teacher support, behavioral modification, and stimulant medications like methylphenidate. ADHD is often familial and linked to dopamine/noradrenaline dysregulation in the prefrontal cortex controlling self-control. Diagnosis involves developmental assessment, neurological exam, and information from parents and teachers. Complications can include learning difficulties and accidents, while prognosis is usually improved symptoms by

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    7 views1 page

    Adhd Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Aetiology and Epidemiology

    Uploaded by

    mohamed aizat
    Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention arising before age 6. It is associated with risks like conduct disorder, learning difficulties, and depression. Symptoms include fidgeting, interrupting others, talking excessively, distractibility, and forgetfulness. Management involves parental/teacher support, behavioral modification, and stimulant medications like methylphenidate. ADHD is often familial and linked to dopamine/noradrenaline dysregulation in the prefrontal cortex controlling self-control. Diagnosis involves developmental assessment, neurological exam, and information from parents and teachers. Complications can include learning difficulties and accidents, while prognosis is usually improved symptoms by

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 1

    Hyperactivit

    ADHD
    Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
    Definition
    A severe form of long-term
    hyperactivity associated with
    inattention and impulsivity arising
    before the age of 6 years.
    Also known as hyperkinetic disorder.

    Risk factors
    Conduct disorder
    Learning difficulties
    Antisocial behaviour
    Depression

    Impulsivity

    Symptoms
    Hyperactivity-impulsivity
    symptoms
    Fidgeting
    Interrupts others
    Jumping the queue
    Talking excessively

    Inattention symptoms
    Easily distracted
    Does not listen
    Forgetful

    Management
    Information and support
    for parents and teachers
    Attend to educational
    deficits and
    environmental factors
    Behavioural
    modification; reward
    good behavior and
    discourage
    reinforcement of
    problem behaviour.
    Medication:
    Methylpenidate (CNS
    stimulant) affects
    chemicals in the brain
    and nerves that
    contribute to
    hyperactivity and
    impulse control.
    Atomoxetine (Selective
    noadrenaline reuptake
    inhibitor ) help to
    improve attention span
    and behaviour (can

    Inattention

    Aetiology and
    Epidemiology
    50% risk in monozygotic
    twins
    There in increase in conduct
    disorder and substance
    misuse in the parents.
    There is dopamine and
    noradrenaline dysregulation
    in the prefrontal cortex,
    which controls the
    executive functions.
    Executive functions are
    specific mental activities
    that allow self-control.
    Examination and
    Investigation
    Development
    assessment and full
    neurological
    examination.
    Diagnosed by specialist
    assessment, including
    psychometric testing
    Collect information from
    parents and teachers to
    ensure the symptoms
    are present in more than
    one environment.
    Connors assessment
    scale may be useful.

    Complications
    Difficulties learning
    Risk of accidents (due
    to impulsivity)
    Low self esteem and
    peer rejection

    Prognosis
    Usually symptoms
    reduce by puberty
    Conduct disorder
    and other comorbidities give a
    poorer prognosis.

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