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R. Buckminster Fuller - Critical Path PDF
R. Buckminster Fuller - Critical Path PDF
R. Buckminster
Fuller
Critical
Path
Kiyoshi Kuromiya,
Adjuvant
CONTENTS
Foreword
(ix)
Power
Structures (xvii-xxxviii)
1.
Speculative Prehistory of
Humanity
2.
Humans
25
3.
Legally Piggily
in
Universe
60
II
4.
5.
The Geoscope
World Game
6.
123
161
198
III
7.
8.
One
Two
9.
Three
10.
Four
229
252
270
309
Appendix
1.
Chronology of
Appendix
2.
1895 to Date
Index
411
Scientific Discoveries
Economic and
378
and Artifacts
Political
Scientific,
World Events:
347
Foreword
It
is
meaningless. This
that the
is
ena to be operative
in physical Universe.
positrons, neutrinos,
No
minimum
It
was discov-
intercomplemen-
is
word nega-
at best carelessly
and mis-
informedly employed.
Since complementarity
Universe, the
is
phenomenon
nor can
tofore as
it
cannot be
negative,
regenerative Universe.
They
many fundamentally complementary aspects of Unihole is not a negative. As implosion is to explosion, the
Science recognizes
verse.
The black
phenomenon
black hole
hole
is
is
to the inside-out,
and negative
identified as
in
as pos-
curate identifications.
IX
Critical Path
you want
If
to sail
have to do what
windward"
first
you
sail
on your
port tack, then on your starboard tack, then port, then starboard, again and
again, not
left foot,
This book
is
walk right
foot,
We
am
confident that
if I
known humans,
to society they
may
as they
have.
There's a short verse written long ago by an English poet and teacher,
Elizabeth Wordsworth:
And
all clever
clever,
We
thought that
But somehow,
That the two
it
'tis
hit
possibly could.
seldom or never
it
The
If
identify with
anybody
ple.
God
included
What
designed people.
humans
am
You and
trying to
do
is
to discover
we humans
if
God
permits us progressively to
God
has introduced
sands of decisions
cisions
Much
made by
inadvertently
know and
to
affairs in
why God
in Universe.
be sure to remember
in this book,
that
me
to the clever,
have known
affect
human
other Earthians.
The
technological, exploratory,
decision-makings and unforeseen happenings around the world and in Universe at large altogether synergetically produced historical
results
not
In
the
my
will of
God.
eighty-five years
at the
time
Foreword
xi
my
by information confided
information, which
in
now
is
me
ing that
my
all
My
am
essential to
my
humanity
all
an adequate comprehension of
hope no one
being a traitor to
friends but to
insights
rel-
will
friends.
life.
(A) Because
this
am
convinced that
book has
my
(B) Because of
of extinction
always to
promptly
(C) Because
human knowledge by
human survival.
others of what
essential to
right
am
is
all
of humanity
if
tell
to say
now and
is
in peril
henceforth,
all
now.
fitness for
continuance in
assumed
now depends
(1)
(2)
(3)
The
The
The
(4)
am
many.
convinced that
human
continuance
entirely upon:
intuitive
individual.
individual's
The
to represent the
own
within-self-intuited
and reasoned
initiative.
The
We
ing
is
ferent.
all
sensing. Smelling
And
our
circumstances.
is
sensing.
own
is
intellectual convictions.
sensing. Hearing
What each
Our
different sensings of
is
sensing.
faculties.
The
is dif-
under ever-differing
our different
Touch-
of us happens to sense
all
the ever-
multifold individual sensings produces awareness. Only through our sensings are
we aware
is
information.
responds spontane-
Critical Path
xii
what
do
do
I feel
One
that
am
feeling?
many wonderful human beings that I've known who has afhuman beings in a markedly inspiring degree was e. e. cum-
of the
fected other
He
"A
which
Poet's Advice,"
I feel
elucidates
all
that
why
had
ever been taught to believe and proceeded thereafter to reason and act only
on the basis of
why, acting
entirely
on
my own
initiative, I
human
life
on our
in attempting to
planet,
if
any-
produce sustain-
also explains
all
Cummings's poem
integrity of
task, attempt-
is
combination thereof.
A POETS ADVICE
A poet is somebody who feels, and who expresses his feelings through words.
This
may sound
lot
easy. It isn't.
know
And
they
poetry
feel
thinking or
but
not knowing or bethat's
feeling
is
lieving or thinking.
man
lieve or
to think or believe or
feel.
lot
Why?
single hu-
moment you
feel,
you're
nobody-but-yourself.
day, to
do exactly
If,
at the
feeling,
is
you
end of your
first
time
words
like
somebody
and whenever we do
it,
one
line
else.
we
We
all
of us
in-
deed.
And
so
my
young people who wish to become poets is: do someunless you're not only willto blow up the world
die.
you
till
and
fight
work
and
advice to
but glad, to
feel
all
how
Foreword
Does
It's
Or
xiii
this
sound dismal?
so
It isn't.
life
on
earth.
I feel.
cummings
e. e.
and only on
my
to the best of
individual intuition,
my
ability
became impelled
acting
to write this
book.
this
book
it.
is
poetry, but
feel
happy that
knew cumI
had
writ-
2012
http://archive.org/details/criticalpathOOfull
CRITICAL
PATH
INTRODUCTION:
Twilight of the
World's Power
Structures
Humanity
is
into crisis
crisis
without prec-
edent.
First,
it is
and
differently
competing
sively interconsiderate,
Second,
we
entities into a
harmonious whole.
irrevocably intent
is
also
Earthians than has ever been experienced by any; able to live entirely
all
within
its
ings account
(i.e.,
equipment account
(i.e.,
atomic energy)
its
its
cosmic-energy sav-
its
no
less illogical
folly
warm
night.
entirely
of our
tidal
methane
and so
on.
total
energy
its
rate
energy income.
insurmountably
difficult to
xvn
Critical Path
xviii
its
ity
enjoy
its
realistic to
help
human-
in fact, they
forest to fine
and
to destroy
making
own automobile-powering
their
them
just as they
al-
do on
"make
it"
know
that
we have
the option
We do.
It
can
only be accomplished, however, through a design science initiative and technological revolution.
For three-quarters of
board planet Earth, the
all
Moon
to be obvious that
it
obviously loony
In the battle
no one would
lunatics,
is
people and their economies, the communist U.S.S.R. and the capitalist
War
II that
fly
the highest
guns and thus win the military supremacy of the world. In the "cold"
Third World
etry,
whoever could
War
German
rock-
greatest
initially
first
to
Kennedy authorized
do
all
paratory to getting a team of humans ferried over to the Moon, to land, and
first
things
first
to be accomplished
things.
second things
to
take longer than others. There would be a pattern of start-ups and lead-ins
known
The
critical
path of overall
human
history's
technological evolution involved two million* things that had to be done before blast-off of the
first
Earth-to-Moon ferrying-over-and-back.
Fortunately early humans, having no knowledge that what they were do-
*This
is
It
obviously
is
not exact.
Introduction
xix
ing
to
humans
Moon, had
Suddenly
it
was evident
but only
who
one
cared
tories
realize
ments
that
would be impossible
it
to
let
vs.
accomplishments
technological
historical,
limit.
Evolution
methodically synergetic
is
and omnimeaningful.
Now,
all
of
in 1980, a large
whom
much about
were born
after
its
initially as
logical to think
it
so
critical-path
and under,
the
at a
spon-
all-
me
letters
By 1989
"Humans can do
humans. This
is
The under-ten-year-
why we
don't
make
encouraging.
ones will be twenty. That's just the right age for commanding and executing
the 1989 world-embracing design science revolution, which will result in the
conversion of
all
As
psychological problems
humanity
who
now
to address than
care to
know how
humans on Spaceship
existent
is
obviously a
more
Earth,
it is
is
For those
time in history
Project.
has the
realistic
now
lead-
converting
all
it
take
This
is
all
the
minimum
week
book
xx
Critical Path
may
when the
become convinced that
power
in
danger
of being destroyed, have the gargantuanly large, adequate funds been appropriated for accomplishing the necessary epoch-opening
War
III to
make
new
technologies.
It
we have
ing that
the option to
"make
it,"
the
first
thing
first is
to under-
stand what the world power structures are and of what their unique
technical levers
and
strategies consist.
Throughout the history of land and sea transport those who have gained
and held control of the world's
coming
all
lines
The
ships,
historical
the interregional
nicians, Cretans,
in the
3000-1000
Phoe-
vastly enlarged
armed-horsemen-escorted,
way-station-fortressed,
twixt-city-states,
over-
fleets
when
traffic
city-state
their supplies
reversed the
city-state's
fleet
of those
former suprem-
human
affairs
The
fall
in the great
The center of the stage of history's most critical events moved ever westward and mildly northward. Thus unfortified Venice became in due course
the headquarters of the masters of the Mediterranean lines of supply.
Introduction
The
xxi
and
made
their
possible
and
its
so improved both the building of the ships and their navigation that the
ever-larger ships of the Mediterranean ventured out into the
North and
South Atlantic to round Africa and reach the Orient. With Magellan's
crew's completion of his planned circumnavigation, the planet Earth's pre-
affairs
world's oceans. Ships could carry vastly greater cargoes of the fabulous riches of the Orient to the
ing.
One European
its
owners.
money
if
limit the
U.S.A.
judgments-upheld
magnitude of
lost,
limited, in
and
and "Inc."incorporat-
ages uncontested"
their
ergo, custom-validated
and
counlegal-
(and armies)
would
first
thereafter be exploited
first
navy
advantage
enterprise.
This
straits',
and
who
whom
owned
enterprises.
With the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805 the British Empire won "the world's
power structures championship" and became historically the first empire
Critical Path
xxii
"upon which,"
empire
first
it
was
said,
embrace the
in history to
is
because
was the
it
empires
Genghis
et al.
and sea-embracing,
lake-,
by the
lateral directions
systems
open
infinitely
The
systems.
navy, the
completely surrounded in
unknown. All
British
river-,
earlier
Empire was
empires were
all
infinite
its
sov-
ereignty over the world's oceans and seas for 113 years.
Concurrently with
its
was
vilian
scientific, eco-
servants
civil
its
was the
known parts
and human culture
went
ical
to all
Company
all
whom
College,
was the
first
human
The accuracy of
post-Trafalgar
in history to receive a
vital
and economic
its
its
in
Great
trade.
economics of the
on the phys-
possible data
lo-
all
East India
army of
College
Britain
In
it is
Company
Company
was
verified
sta-
by a
in 1810. In a lat-
numbers
at a geometrical pro-
"Pray
all
"it will
is
no
more!"
assuming
only of the
fittest
species
the
He
life
is
the one
support.
Introduction
said,
"We
win's
in
Each
to survive.'
world
The workers
last
the
political affairs of
side says,
we have
are dull
is
For the
terprise,
'fittest
this
skill."
xxiii
fittest, fairest,
like
en-
world-around humanity.
lethal in-
adequacy of life support operative on our planet, but because there are those
who
how
disagree diametrically on
which system
Those
in
is fittest
politically
why
The supreme
support.
life
support
life
fundamental scarcity of
both. That
resolve
to survive."
supreme power
war can
it
political
the
and economic
advantage
suicidal.
is
fortify
That
is
themselves even
why
(2) the
annual
and the
representing socialism,
last
it
making
a thus-far total of six trillion, 400 billion dollars spent in developing the ability to kill
Weighing only
fifty-five
able to
fly
it
feet,
the
was
built
were many
aluminum. The
sixty times stronger per equivalent weight than the strongest structural
terials available to
posed
human-powered
flying
World War
ma-
machine.
carbon-fiber and
since
Leonardo da Vinci
were
all
The
Albatross's
high-strength
II.
A one-quarter-ton communication satellite is now outperforming the previously used 175,000 tons of transatlantic copper cables, with this 700,000fold reduction
in
fidelity, as
Continuing to attempt to
fit
Critical Path
xxiv
street pattern,
house-to-house-yoo-hooing
life-style
it
it
uses wastes
whereas
efficient,
tur-
bines are 30 percent, jet engines 60 percent, and fuel cells used by astronauts
States,
throughout
all
mobiles standing in front of red stoplights with their engines going, the energy for which amounts to that generated by the
horses being completely wasted as they
full efforts
of 200 million
ume
ratio.
crease
i.e.,
have the
fourfold.
When
its
in-
we
we
flat
gines.
slab fins
make good
air-cooling motorcycle
and
ratio,
and
light-airplane en-
ratios.
Triangular- or
maximum
enclosing
and East
rivers,
the buildings
now
is
all
streets
all
satellite are
now be cited
much less mate-
The
much
fic-system-wasted fuel
and
their traf-
is all
completely invisible to
comprehended
human
is
un-
Introduction
xxv
Neither the great political and financial power structures of the world,
in general
and electronic
arts
now makes
it
possible
do so much more with ever fewer pounds and volumes of material, ergs
to
now
it
is
no longer has
It
to be
forth unrationalizable as
It
less
mandated by
survival.
is
War
obsolete.
is
could never have been done before. Only ten years ago the more-withtechnology reached the point where
it
made
it
It is
The
essence of livingry
is human-life advantaging and environment controlWith the highest aeronautical and engineering facilities of the world
redirected from weaponry to livingry production, all humanity would have
ling.
down
in
minority. If realized, this historically greatest design revolution will joyously elevate all
The
cal
humanity
to unprecedented heights.
architectural profession
civil,
naval, aeronautical,
and astronauti-
has always been the place where the most competent thinking
Now
is
is
con-
itself
from the
six-
its
accommodate
at
profession
human-need-exploiting
cities to
reorient
itself
Now
is
humanity's
the all-in-one-day-air-deliverable-or-remov-
human-need-serving, singly-domed-over
able,
rily
to
all
cities.
We
have to
satisfacto-
mans
Technologically
Earth
them
in cities,
sometimes
in
we now have
are entirely
their legacy
is
unaware of
their
good
fortune.
Unbeknownst
to
fear, self-
Critical Path
xxvi
ishness,
like,
power
structures.
Dismaying as
all this
paralysis
may
be,
it
such
cri-
sis
be accomplished through
media
broadcasting and (2) the computerized switchover from the inherently-inadequate-life-support accounting assumption of yesterday to the adequate-
for-everyone-and-everything,
time-energy
accounting
comprehensively
An
world-around-integrated,
exclusively-to-be-accomplished,
facilitated,
we do indeed have
itself.
computer-
make
it
pop-
humans. All
this
re-
accounting switch-
nurture, support,
is
scarce.
it
Money
and accommodate
all
growful needs of
life.
Money
is
only
none-
sized,
its
He wants
to acquire a milk
makes
If
milk-drinking children.
is
The shoemaker
it
for
A
it
it
cow breeder wants a pair of shoes. He and the shoemaker agree that
much more time and individual inputs to produce a milk cow than
does to make a pair of shoes. They agree that you can't cut the cow up
takes
and
still
useful,
milk
it.
interexchanging. That's
how we
got money.
store, retrieve,
all
the in-
formation given them. The more relevant the information they are given and
the
more accurate
set
of circumstances. Only the computer can cope with the astronomical complexity of integrating the unpredicted potentials of the millions of invisible
Introduction
xxvii
persuade
have four
all
humanity
Computer
to livingry.
from weaponry
we indeed now
Computer
to all humanity,
whose constant
continually integrate
living, travel,
will
all
all
gold to
its
with
its
ac-
accounting switchover
power
What makes
lease buttons.
political, religious,
and
the strengths of
all
the computer
billions of
humans involved
re-
why
is
will panic
because
all
the great
find their
all
great politics
and
religion
all
humanity. All
rived from the promises they give of assuaging humanity's seemingly tragic
dilemma of existing
in
an unalterable
state of
support.
"make
it."
One
is
found out
is
all
does not
know
that
all
most exqui-
sitely interreciprocating
"new" phenomenon. The world populace identifies technology with (1) weapons and (2) machines that compete with them for their
jobs. Most people therefore think they are against technology, not knowing
that the technology they don't understand is their only means of exercising
technology
is
their option to
"make
it"
on
this planet
and
in this
life.
Fortunately the mathematical coordinate system that has been and as yet
is
employed by science
ical
Universe. Nature
tem
is
is
is
is
we have discovered
xxvm
is
Critical Path
elegantly simple
and
will
make
technology does
possible
all
make
is
Synergetics, vols.
it
possible for
all
hu-
The other prime obstacle to realization of the "great option" is the fact
power structures have always "divided to conquer" and
have always "kept divided to keep conquered." As a consequence the power
that the world's
not only
mans
now
are
They
they
feel
if
shall I
do?"
is
useless.
You can
get an infor-
In 1953
my
Auto Workers, was about to meet with the board of directors of General
Motors to form a new and timely post- World- War-II-oriented labor pact.
At that time the first of the "new-scientists"-prototyped computers ever to
be industrially manufactured were being assembled, put
skilled machinists.
in
running order,
Walter had
all his
fine-tuning machinists put the following problem into their computers: "In
view of the fact that most of General Motors' workers are also
demand
ers, if I
custom-
which way
its
all
amounting sum-totally
conceivable lifetime
to so
many
dollars,
make
re-
by granting."
Thus
eral
fortified,
Motors' directors,
who were
by the stockholders and who were naturally concerned only with the welfare
of those stockholders. Reuther said to the assembled General Motors board
of directors:
"You
now
favor labor (which, in fact, you consider to be your enemy), but because by
The
directors said,
Introduction
xxix
own computers
was
all
all
They granted
right.
first
corporation
government taxes
"public"
utilities' largest
owned
utilities
never
having a shortage and that electricity be cheap; otherwise the industrial cus-
tomers would
install their
own
To cope
efficiently
What
generating equipment.
utility
The
the customers
is
utilities
all
utilities.
how many
is
combined with
eration at any given time of any given day of each newly evolving year.
first
and
member
work's
utilities at
members' peaks.
When
power-generating
seller.
The
practical limit
time of World
War
some
happens,
is
it
on the distance of
until
whose peaks
this
localities,
electrical
miles could not span the distances between any two of the continent's four
national time zones.
as a consequence of the
new
tech-
made
ability to
span
continental time zones, whose peaks and valleys obviously differed greatly
this
meant greater
profits to
New
Deal
all
up the Tennessee
had no
set
xxx
Critical Path
its
was not
interested.
The
at a great loss.
interspersed
When
the
all
the 1500-mile
integrat-
ings across the time zones loomed, the government-administered rural grids
became
strategically involved.
The boards of
government
would never
in their game.
However, they obviously could not integrate across the time zones except
by employing the government's Rural-Electrification-established-and-fi-
nanced
grid.
all its
sector.
The
ques-
was asked: "In which way would the private sector make the most
money
sides
many
The
profit
make
would occur
do
so.
When
both
which
for
years had been the prime financial backer of the Republican party
fed-
enough
vate sector.
Republican
The
government to agree
presidential
candidates,
apparently
re-election.
their
sides of the
committees. Computers can remember accurately and can cope with and
in-
amounts of
all
it.
civil
and aca-
Computers
will
Introduction
xxxi
whole
ciety as a
will
who have
officials
reflexes,
political evolutionary
Within the
entered
crises times
the computer
is
immediately ahead
soon to respond:
electrical-energy networks."
We
into
"We must
must be able
With
planet.
all
of yesterday's, one-half-
all
all
swiftly doubling the operating capacity of the world's electrical energy grid.
A half-century ago
discovered with
my
map
would be
if
American
electrical
Straits
on all their northerly flowing rivers all the way into eastern KamAbout 1500 miles could interconnect the Russians' Asiatic continent electric integrated power grid with the Alaskan grid of the industrial
North American electric energy grid.
In the early years of Trudeau's premiership of Canada, when he was
stations
chatka.
about to
make
grid plan,
perts.
On
which he presented
his return to
gave him
who
my
"feasible
turned
to Brezhnev,
to
me
it
desirable."
therefore predict that before the end of the 1980s the computer's po-
litically
with
its
make
realistically
common
its
electric en-
rate.
This will
for all
common
all
human-
Critical Path
XXX11
Figure
connection reach
Establishing electric current currency for whole world:
B. Fuller's
H=
kwh
xxxm
Introduction
6%
South America
Central America
North America
11%
16%
Africa
Europe
Asia (54% land,
7%
7%
water)
61%
100%
Critical Path
xxxiv
ity,
all
etary systems.
all
now
the inequities
will
mon-
do away with
structure's
It will elimi-
all
the
all
un-
nate
all
beknownst
two
to the at-all-times
trying to
nations act as
humans who
are sleeping.
We now
50 different nationalities.
command
The 1 50
billion
is
the
same ship
to
go
have
50 supreme
in different directions,
getting nowhere.
lution.
each question
will
many
optimum
handsome
ing, or
fellowships, with an
that 70 percent of
all
living:
income adequate
by giving
all
humans
their livings.
The computer
will
show
is
life
support
in-
The computer
brilliant
will also
have
Denver, Colorado,
verified
oil geologist,
comprise
all
etc.
it
and
(2) his
as heat
and
Sun radiation
into the
'See description of
Obnoxico
in
Chapter
6,
pp. 225-26.
ulti-
Introduction
The
xxxv
script of
makes
clear that, with all that cosmic-energy processing (as rain, wind,
it
and gravitational pressure) and processing time (paid for at the rates you
and I pay for household electrical energy), it costs nature well over a million
dollars to produce each gallon of petroleum. To say "I didn't know that"
doesn't alter the inexorable energy accounting of eternally regenerative, 100-
percent-emcient
We
ergo,
00-percent-concerned
physical-energy Universe.
trillions
computer
to
tell
you that
it
will save
doesn't take a
It
trillions
fearfully
it I
the at-home-staying
else
humans
told
me
it
is
and clouds
in the sky.
had
to be
attending to?
in a highly efficient
to 'earn
done?
my
What do
What do
"What
living'
I
see that
need to learn
and inoffensive-to-others
manner?"
Comprehensively and
regarding education,
will
be far
it
incisively
programmed with
all
will
research-and-development-
interned self-teaching than having individual students going to schools, being bused, and so on. This mass-production baby-sitting
is
only continued
enough
to
The computer
system for
and on
will
human
is
make
beings
it
clear that
all
that to be derived
by
far the
most
effective educational
supporting books, the pages of which are also to be called forth on worldsatellite-interlinked video "library" screens as published in
The computer
a living,
all
will also
humanity
comprehend "what
make
will
it is all
to be allowed to join
it
any language.
want
to exercise
its
fundamental drive
first
to
The
greatest privilege in
real
human
affairs will
be
wealth-production or maintenance
teams.
Fortunately, the computer-directable design science revolution option
Critical Path
xxxvi
all
effectively solved.
Critical
all
opening of a
its
To know now what we could never have known before 1969 that we
now have an option for all humanity to "make it" successfully on this planet
in this lifetime
is
not to be optimistic.
It is
Utopia or Oblivion
to be
final
Whether
Humanity
is
in "final
exam"
as to whether or not
called
it
will
is
it
latter's access to
old-
qualifies for
the design
governing eternally
regenerative Universe.
Human minds
phenomenon
other
the
identifiable with
any
At
powerful control of
in
human
We humans
affairs.
and be led by
the
first
If
thing
it
truth. If
will
do
is
and
selfishness are
into control of
fear,
book
"make
human
affairs,
it."
and pay
some-
realistically close
you
fate.
will
love
unselfishness, comprehensive
whose ephemerally
The
man
may
often
The
way may
in-
as the
straw of
competence, and
integrities
integrity,
seem
by truth,
lead, unfamiliar
be.
Introduction
xxxvii
of all humanity
is critical
trial
all
we have
tell
the truth,
in
told.
We
prohibited, because
ever nearer to
God by
God
is
God
all
is
is
measured."
the exact
by loving the
We
truth.
truth. If
we
can come
The
"make
nearest
life
the perfect
When we
We
all
we won't
it."
we speak
We
of that which
loyalty to your mother, your friends, your college fraternity, or your boss,
who
told
you how
to
talk-
ing about the position to take that seems to put you in the most favorable
light.
It
reorganize his
known
life
on behalf of
all
and
penniless, un-
might be able to do
ef-
for
fectively
little,
child,
described in
my
what
is
"Self-Disciplines," Chapter 4.
crisis.
to
Furthermore,
what the
all
the
little indi-
vidual can do that can't be done by great nations and great enterprises.
to
ing those
fifty
years.
that
it
Only those
self-disciplines
why he
Only by understanding those disciplines can we understand the strategy governing the development of the artifacts, which
strategy of
strategy
is
all history).
ergo, the
name of this
book.
Critical Path
xxxviii
Each year
receive
am
it
who
is
from
letters
One such
letter
asks whether
little
I feel
Dear Michael,
Thank you very much
for
The
letter,
your recent
dated February
letter
doers."
The
things to do are: the things that need doing: that you see need to be
Then you
will conceive
own way of doing that which needs to be done that no one else has told
you to do or how to do it. This will bring out the real you that often gets buried
your
want
to
know
nations of things.
and
logic
can work coherently despite non- working elements embraced by their system.
to a
in
it
are
tools
ence.
am
is
most important
in life
my
initiative.
capability.
Because of
You
it,
you wrote
world
initiative.
Sincerely yours,
Buckminster Fuller
The
political
dividual
human
humanity's
that
fate. You
is
in final examination.
political
and economic
On
all
the truths.
lead-
it is
brain-self,
but
in the discovery of
articulate.
PARTI
CHAPTER
Speculative
Prehistory
of Humanity
The
in
one world
and with no
visible
(See
map on
full-size
spectrum, with red representing the hottest climates and dark blue repre-
The
color
August
in
at
noonday, Verkhoyansk
is
falls to sixty-five
degrees below
and
is
twenty
120 de-
grees Fahrenheit.
The
making
artifacts
humans can
it
gets,
live
in
not on
human
different
how
hot.
preoccupations,
geographic envi-
With
their shade-
weather conditions. Consisting physically of 60 percent water, humans cannot live nakedly where
it is
cold
line of thirty-two
more
inventive
more
the
(2) the
Critical Path
have to be to survive.
wish to cross
it,
you
wooden boat
you
live
by Lake Victoria
will invent a
vent a
If
wooden
to cross that
summer and
in the
in eastern Africa
boat. If
skates
you
live beside
and you
Lake Bai-
and
will in-
The
who live in the colder areas are not more inventive they simply
many more environment-caused occasions in which to employ all humans' innate inventiveness. Move humans from a hot country into a cold
country, and they become as inventive as those who live there or they perpeople
have
ish.
As
green blobs.
More than 50
Humans'
flat,
yellow-
all
is
over 60 per-
All structures consist of a balanced interaction between tensive and compressive forces. Nature services all her tension functions rigidly with three
crystalline,
loads evenly to
systems.
As
all
flexible,
its
tensionally pre-
fill
liquids,
which
Because water
is
planet, the
major
facts
about
it
evant.
Vital fact
number one
is
that biological
life is
50 per-
cent water.
Vital fact
er than that
face
is
number two
is
that
we
don't
know
sur-
covered with water. The water coverage averages in depth the length
mans. The world's oceans seem so deep to people that the amount of water
in
Universe
is
eter Earth globe the proportional depth of the ocean to Earth's diameter
inch,
sorption depth of the blue ink into the thin paper cover of the globe upon
is
Vital fact
three
Anywhere
we too consist) would be
These
far
number
in
is
is
and
our
terrestrial
biosphere
is
a unique
mans
alive outside
exact biospherical conditions within a physically powerful and superbly insulated, into-space-rocketable container.
menced half a century ago, human civilization, as seen from a low-flying airwas always strung out along the brooks, rivers, ponds, lakes, seas,
plane,
real estate
now
number four is
and
loses heat
Pacific
and
In-
dian Ocean atolls were formed on the ocean-surface rims of both extinct and
active volcanoes, broken through the ocean-bottom crust of the Earth.
The
volcanoes and the radiation from the Sun brought the water temperature to
a level compatible with humans' normal 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit, and the
tropical ocean's temperature
was maintainable
thereafter
The world ocean's thermal stability keeps the world's temperature changes
at minimum.
All humans in all history have always been born naked, helpless for
months, hungry, thirsty, curious, and ignorant. They could not have survived if born where they would freeze, be dehydrated, or burn to death. The
most logically propitious place for humans to survive and prosper within
our planetary biosphere was on the coral
The temperature of
compatible with
life
atolls
that head-above-water
effect.
down
full
of milk
fell
to the
fruits
grew
Critical Path
only from fresh water and Sunlight. Noting that the fresh water came either
parallelly
paddies-filling,
contoured,
came
intertiered-one-above-the-other
ter-
dammed
Down
and through
so slowly as
The
made
atollers
this inter-
to usually ap-
sea.
vessels that
excluded the water. Living half in the water, they became natural hydraulic
inventors.
It is
that, in
common
porpoises,
humans shed
salt
water
tears, as
all
mammals such
known
clues
as whales
and
high-bred needs
much
care, having
which
cope with
and con-
humans have
learned
how
we
We
fre-
quently employed capabilities has always been accomplished only at the cost
of outbreeding general adaptability to cope with the infrequently occurring,
high-energy-concentrating events.
Humans
many
inbreed those of their numbers most successfully and lengthily surviving un-
der those special environmental conditions because the surviving types are
the only ones
left
The
become
specialists
in
surviving
under the
locally
prevailing
special-
environmental conditions.
gymnasts,
If,
after
to
Speculative Prehistory of Humanity
For
this
assumed
my
life
amoebas, to be
concept that
all
Mendeleyev's periodic
physicists.
of.
KEY."
Spontaneously,
I
it is
childishly
is
boy! If
Today
had the
ta-
we
keywhat
couldn't
consists of a relative
hu-
it
do?"
human
el-
came
Nobel Prize
in physics
was given
one of the
other.
The number
numbers of
We
and
trino, antineutrino,
all.
inherently complex
It
is
have
at
minimum
There
is
no
there
are
As
ogy,
and unique
phenomena:
points); (3)
or, as
ings. (See
2.)
system divides
all
all
1;
all
(c)
the
little bit
of remaining Universe which comprises the system that separates the mac-
(4)
is
com-
Critical Path
(V
(2)
Trajectories
Crossings
(3)
(4)
Openings
Figure
plex
will do,
We
2.
six edges.
that
Darwin."
see
it
DNA-RNA-like coding
verse the
gramming together of
from elsewhere
in
Uni-
terrestrially occurring
Earth-landing
tests.
a progression of elsewhere-controlled
harvesters
we
some cosmic
headquarters, thereby to guide the improvement of the design of the landings of thick-skinned creatures able to cope with greater annual temperature
And
becoming
inbreeding
We
some of them
can comprehend
humans on
we
have
see
it
Earth, thereafter
how South
Sea-atoll, lagoon-frolicking
male and
fe-
many
many
in-
ity
organic equipment, the progeny evolved into porpoises and later into
whales.
humans
we have
the following
1.
Vitamin
calcium
is
from Sunlight
in the conversion of
2.
Humans
essential to
is
human bone
essential to the
Vitamin
functions
synthesize vitamin
is
a zoological counterpart
But vitamin
is
overdose.
4.
In
warmer and
where vitamin
tropical climes,
is
ade-
quate or excessive, humans' subconsciously functioning organisms, employing their chemical process options, develop Sunlight
skin consisting of darker
filters in
the
Where
there
is
not
much
maximum
human
filters,
synthesis of vitamin
organ-
which
left
from the
Sun.
6.
Vitamin
it is
significantly present
is
whale blubber
in
which
Be-
cause of long periods of darkness and the large amounts of clothing the
Eskimos wear
7.
to protect
that
filter
the
we note
thesize vitamin
melanin or carotin
to
to photosyn-
Biosynthesis in
Critical Path
10
and
dark-gray teak, and farther south the dark-brown rosewoods, with the spec-
Compound
cade in
all
of
this
at the
Equator
human
history have
we
entific
womb
or in
man
brain.
its first
year of
most frequently
life
short de-
last
results in
its
sci-
gestation in the
damage
to the hu-
Throughout
all
known
to
all
animal
make do with
flesh derived
and noble
from
their
range of chemical ingredients inadequate to healthy nourishment. The animals, on the other hand, ate of the vegetation in general and of other animals' flesh, sum-totally acquiring a comprehensively broad input of the
gamut of chemistries
working
class
full
He and
class to
be
The nobles
also
assumed
this to
sumed
is
of
life
them
that there
or-
in-
as-
a fundamental inadequacy
The workers'
leaders
fittest to
survive.
They con-
and
skill at
if
wit,,
courage, muscle,
"fittest to survive."
The
all
those of the
aristocratic blood.
no organic blood
human
workers' brains,
we have
humans. Compounding
we
discover
by
that,
human
ap-
in-
isolated
We
The
intervals
they cover a
ice ages.
They average a
known
total of four
years.
The Lea-
key family's proofs of the presence of humans on our planet for over three
million years take us back through
tervals to the
As an
ice
two
ice ages
and two
inter-ice-age in-
ice age.
level
is
frozen,
inter-
occurrence the
muses and peninsulas. The great islands of Java, Sumatra, Borneo, the
ippines, Sulawesi,
New
Phil-
Malay Peninsula.
Siberia were
connected.
The expanding
ice
The
new
these animals
as sheep
and
goats),
and mounted, rode, or directed some, such as horses, mules, elephants, and
water buffaloes.
seas,
As
At
great
mountain
altitudes,
filled
found
in
western
ice
caps remained, most notably on the High Himalaya range. In the vast ice
cap of the Himalayas water melted to produce great rivers that flowed sea-
human
life
when
to in-
the waters
receded they used those boats to bridge the increasing distance between the
Critical Path
12
once-interconnected lands. Boats being their natural transport, they dug canals into the
muddy mainland
coast as
it
Flying above the coast of Thailand and Cambodia today one can see the
their seacoast.
mountains, produced in the course of history two very different kinds of hydrocultures
upland traveled and settled people. The sea-people's major waters were
salty; the
The
inland
people frequently came to fresh water, whereas the boat and island people
only infrequently came upon freshwater sources.
mountain people.
The
atoll people,
it
potable fresh water, and fortunately, from time to time, they found
ing
down
their mountainsides
from
who
it
for
cours-
We
note
explored
widely with their paddled canoes and gradually settled inland and upland,
being able to cope with the mountain coldness because of their
new animal-
skin clothing and tents fashioned from the skins of wild animals that
roamed
The
is
that of the
Baligateway
Figure
3.
narrow
vertical
gap
in the
13
as representing the
its
I fly
chitectural legend-supported
Whenever
when
memory
The
Balinese ar-
in-
tuition that, in addition to being the atoll-water-people's first entry into the
main
river
mouths, these canals were also where these people began to work
come and go of
much about
and
basins, those
first
inland and
upland paddlers were able to carry their hydraulic thinking up into the
mainland
hills
Of course,
and mountains.
the
Sun
also
it
The
is
it
electrolytic.
produced a stable
boomed and
craft but
one
that,
atoll
From
and other
two
its
branches sewn
imposed by
and sparring of
and catamarans.
floated,
wood
their branches
first
vital supplies
is
historically
peoples and
all
all
and
The
sole exception
is
world
is
all
wov-
square, or ninety-
the three-way
woven baskets
found
rafts.
None
tin
* Austin
Two-way weaves
are spreadable,
ergo distortable,
ergo unstable.
Figure
Strip
Figure 4a.
14
points
tern
4.
Strip
and stable
structure.
ing-
run
15
all
These Southeast Asians say the banker cannot lend them the wind before the wind blows. They are right, as the world's bankers are about to
learn to the unprecedented discomfort of all humanity.
eral.
has witnessed the vast and meticulous hydraulic engineering of the moun-
and
tain-
valley-side rice
make
from
along the way. These beautiful levelings and infinitely delicate controllings
of water flow must have been of the greatest importance to
over
many
Our
ment
millennia,
if
human
survival
as the
most complete
who have
life.
consequence of there
come most
artifact) in
paddy being an
that the next era of important anthropological research will occur in coral
reefs.
Up
to a decade
affairs
The
Stone
and Euphrates
historical experts
Age
into the
which
itself is in
rivers in ancient
life
Mesopotamia.
in
Cyprus lying
biologists,
human
Minor.
The name "Cyprus" comes from the Latin cuprus, meaning "copper."
Bronze, however, is made of copper and tin. Copper as a metal is soft and
not very good for weapons or tools; so, too,
and excellent
for
weapons and
is tin.
tools. Historians
Bronze
is
hard, resilient,
found
in
Asia Minor
in the vicinity of
it
was there that the Bronze Age began. But the oldest metals-discovering,
-developing, and -trading records known to humanity on our planet are the
meticulously accurate data of the Phoenicians. Their detailed records
tell
us
Critical Path
16
had
that they
we
to sail
call
Cyprus copper
is
The
it
no
historical record of
invisible to
happen
to
come
stiff,
geologically in the
atoms
common
liquidity.
would produce
what
to
bronze.
ered.
it
make
to
for
tin
No
one
could and
ing together.
To me
Age
could have occurred in Asia Minor. That bronze was produced there
tells
it is
that
was an
it
alloy of copper
and
tin.
neighboring Phoenicians
set
about to import
it
Isles,
the Cyprus-
cidentally, the tin in the British Isles that induced Julius Caesar to build a
highway
settle
all
the
Romans
nection
lier in
it is
in
England
to the English
visited Thailand,
Channel and,
thereafter, to
we now know
that
this con-
much
ear-
first
pro-
duced.
in northeast Thailand, in
artful
bronze castings
area tin and copper co-occur abundantly. There the two could have been
The same
Minor
all
the
way
tin
whom
those mistaken
tural attainments of Asia Minor, swiftly developed a highly cultivated civilization of their
own
17
way down
their
artists
to be a
cultural Johnnie-come-lately!
You cannot
Gorman
latter's archeologist
Dr. Chet
command. Dr. Gorman took many of the bronzes to Philadelphia and in due course developed ingenious means for arriving at the age
in
of bronze objects
in general.
and did so
These proofs showed that the bronzes of Ban Chiang are the
liest
known on
The
New
ear-
summer
of 1977.
We now know
Age began
hances our
own
came out
mainland
in separate stages,
my
his-
reversed Darwinian
The
last
On
the
first
such
exodus, two ice ages ago (which was two and one-half million years ago),
those
horses
leaving their
behind, rode northwest to hunt wild animals, until the next ice age forced
them
and hair
all
to confront the
earliest
latter civ-
land-atoll people
blown westward on
rafts to
is-
of pitches for her Egyptian shipbuilding, which source the Egyptians called
"Land of Pun" which we now know to have been Somaliland (the Leakeys' Olduvai Gorge country)
and (B) to Arabia, blown by the tweenmonsoon easterlies of the Indian Ocean and the Arabian Sea. (The word
pun in South African coloreds' language means "red" the Red Sea is the
Pun Sea, the Pun as the Pun of Pun-icians, or later Phoenicians, of Carthage's and Rome's Pun-ic Wars.)
If you look at my Dymaxion World Map (in which, as we have noted bethe
Figure
5.
South America
Central America
North America
Africa
Europe
Asia (Land 54%, Water 7%)
18
6%
1%
7%
11%
16%
61%
19
Critical Path
20
no
fore, there is
land or water patterning), you will find one hundred dots, each representing
1
four million
human
Each
beings.
percent
is
is,
demo-
You can
see
on
my map
known
is
only about 8
exists;
of this 54
percent.
westward, "following the Sun" and facing into the prevailing north and
southwesterly winds,
Africa,
hu-
all
manity.
No
one
in
who
is
East,
and West
is
let
alone 350-
You can
see
on
my map
the
etc.
in Java,
Malaysia, and the Indonesian islands, as well as along the original "waterfront" areas of the Asian mainland. Together Burma, Thailand, Cambodia,
is
where humanity
source. This
to the 8 percent of
my
world
map known
first
went inland
and upland
as the Orient,
its
54 percent of humanity.
Looking closely
layas
at this area
we
Hima-
Then, starting
see the
in
Sea.
Ganges flowing
initially
we
maputra River, originating within 100 miles of the sources of the Indus and
Ganges and flowing first eastward, then southward, to penetrate the Himalayas, whence it flows also to the Bay of Bengal. Then we note the Salween, the Mekong, the Yangtze, and the Yellow
from
my
it
on
my
map). Thus 54
is
21
which melts
just fast
enough
the
to keep things
growing and
going on
life
As
the water-people
came out of
ascend those rivers and "carried aloft" their "canoes" around and above the
rapids and waterfalls, they could not help eventually discovering the com-
mon
we
It is
easy to understand
God
Looking
of life-supporting water.
and
all
why
their water.
to the
same source
the Dalai
Lama was
-taker.
at Southeast
it
map and
coming north
lies
copper
ore,
its
bank of the
west bank
lies
tin ore.
fifty
in 1958, as I
I
boatbuilding yards
now
in operation.
its
all
But
in
off
America
Greater
people inland and upstream bring seaward (with the current and tides) great
teak logs, which are towed together in enormous intertied
into the
there
is
Bangkok
region,
we
rafts.
As we
get
moored wherever
spare waterfront.
The shipbuilders usually keep the logs soaking for up to 100 years before
using them in their ships' hulls. After a century of soaking the teak becomes
highly stabilized structurally. They then haul out and dry the logs sufficiently for their shipbuilders to work them into long planks and frames with their
Critical Path
22
metal
I
my
tools. In all
boatbuilding experience
of which
have had a
lot
have not found any craftsman sawing out long, delicately curved ship's
plankings and planing them with greater accuracy than in Bangkok. They
make
fit
it
but the minute the ships are launched (for instance, as great rice-freighting
enough moisture
hulls),
(What
tightly together.
gets
also fascinates
is
the incredible
stored sometimes
for
in boats' bel-
Anyone who
a sailor
is
during fastenings of
many
ribs,
knows
kinds
is
in live operation.
nails, screws,
and
rivets
and en-
sailors
and
tin to
ing.
Copper's
tin as
I
first
to accidentally
it
marry copper
purposefully in shipbuild-
am
Bangkok
is
tion.
in-
cluding the prototypes of the powerfully ribbed, deep-bellied ships that the
Phoenicians sailed across the Indian Ocean and to Mesopotamia, where the
"Garden of Eden"
sailors
story
is
played.
When
to
These
and "work
The
to
windward"
sea-going
traffic
rapidly.
extended at
As
first
to the
Malay
Straits,
then spread
increased, so also each began to copy the best features of the others'
craft.
The
ships
throughout that general area. The merchants moved westward into the Indian Ocean (which has reverse winds during the monsoon), but by this time
they could go counter to the breeze.
Thus
it
was
that the
dhow
Red
Sea,
and the
23
as yet
handle these dhows are extraordinary. They assume that their trade has
been
in
it
to de-
reason at
all
Among
is
its
to
ships the
dhow
still sails
The
no
degrees.
is
manner
The balance
is
is
sail,
with
its
forty-five
is
sailors to
against prevailing
currents.
many thousands
former gave
rise to the
sists.
The
ity's
thinking.
latter
No
make headway
now
sail to
skill
man became
westbound. The
God
windward,"
is
still
per-
human-
altered
dis-
new
against them.
of years eastbound
sailor
To the
came
to his
God.
by the Japan
Straits
Current. There a bridge of land between the continents contributed considerably to the overland migration from the Orient to the coast of
It
carried
them
to
North
carried
them
As
It
his raft
Kon
Malay
Tiki.
Straits,
they crossed the Indian Ocean, arriving in Mesopotamia and on the east
coast of Africa.
From
and
in the area of
its
seaworthiness
and
Over 10,000
sea cap-
Ban Chiang.
its
origins in the
Critical Path
24
Figure
6.
Dhowship
Ocean
crossings.
and
is
intellectual capability.
newly manifest
in seagoing-born ten-
Compressional capability
is
manifest
of the land-born stone ages and the inertia of stone walls. At sea humanity
entered into true technology
bility.
Bangkok
itself is
the prototype of
all
by the
Phoenicians to Venice. (See map, page 42.) Bangkok seems to be the prototyping locale of the big-keel, big-ribbed, deep-bellied ships of both the Chi-
CHAPTER
Humans in Universe
Before the pictorially graphic record of the presence of humanity
aboard our planet began, there was no way for individuals to record
their feelings
Words
in critical life-sustaining
in their tool-inventing.
People
massive group work in carving, shaping, and building with stones, plus the
nonidentifiable individual's profuse handicrafting of small artifacts such as
pottery, arrowheads,
From
jewelry
and beads.
on
walls, vases,
all earlier
instance,
it
is
exevi-
them with having only muscle and dexterity value. The illiteracy of the
masses was mistakenly interpreted as meaning that the commoner was inited
commoner
ease with
are stupid
in a rare while
by
command
of
some "god"
for
an "inherently
illiterate
Mongol" an
ill-clothed,
war-bruised,
lo-
cal dialect.
25
26
Critical Path
During only the
within which
last
humans now
are
known
to
"illiterates"
and
"spastics," are
born with a comprehensive and superb inventory of subjectively apprehending and synergetically comprehending faculties
as well as
objectively ar-
acknowledged to be
boards." Awareness of the foregoing has not as yet dawned amongst the politico-social pressure
We may
all
effects
become
environment for
ing at
It is
sumed
and
listening to the
possible to identify
TV.
to be coordinate in those
The
niuses.
instance, of
publicly
whom
accredited
faculties that
intuition.
The
of genius
philosophical,
and
idealistic
who
and
consist,
intuition, in turn,
for
opens
generally as-
characteristics
an actively self-attended
we
scientific, ar-
practical articulations.
Leonardo da Vinci,
in the
and
dim
articulative capabilities.
twilight of pre-Indo-Chinese,
who grew
ing the full inventory of their innate, intuitive, and spontaneously coordi-
scathed,
ensuing humanity.
comprehensively
effective,
We
and
as, in
new
largely
eras of
due course,
unidentified
to af-
such un-
individual
Since the
revealed
human
Humans
in
Universe
27
first
The
invisible
power
struc-
ment. They are documented only by their employment of the cosmic laws
generalized principles
The
artist-scientists
Human
travelers
coming
to a river
its
higher potentials.
it
sponta-
own
make
it
illiterate
thirst,
wisdom a formulative
higher than that possessed by any known
capability inherent in
Universe
living
the
human mind
humans
to ensure that
humans. These
human
life
and
ul-
As
such,
mind may
may
powers.
Mind
possibly
overlapping,
omni-intertransforming,
self-regenerating
scenario
If so,
it
will
have
Critical Path
28
limit.
biological
and physiological
sorted, analyzed,
as
it
all
stars,
for in-
synergetically comprehended,
must be
collected,
Therewith, they must be added into the Earth biosphere's resource-conserving and -storing inventory.
It is
is
to cooperate with
terns,
i.e.,
macrocosmic
proclivities
The
what
disassociates here
combined
in
and
The
Earth, however,
is
stars are
a celestial center
and photosynthetically
species,
to
make
these
many
billions of years,
itself will
become
some
trillions
stars.
No
is
is
cosmic laws
rality
the
generalized
employing a plu-
the computer,
whose com-
human
brain's
ergo, magnif-
human mind
highly effective.
and
Humans
in Universe
29
How
did
human mind
Trigonometry had to
develop progressively
start
its
with sea-people.
mathematical functioning?
What
is
is
It is
oifshore
Much
navigation be-
humans
all
faculty.
in their native
groups.
When
prestige
him
to
to the navigator
and ask
The
such.
chieftain
and
the ocean currents, water temperatures, and major "old-seas" patterns, goes
to another far-off island
where there
items such as have never been and probably never will be found on the
island.
tain,
The navigator
who
displays
it
who
chieftain has conjured the strange object into existence with his divine
ers
and the
We
can
now comprehend
later, prehistory's
home
is
pow-
restored.
the high priests of Egypt, Babylon, and other great civilizations. Both their
evolutingly developed mathematical calculating capability and their navigational intuiting ultimately led to their discovery that the
Earth
is
a circum-
the
Offshore, with
no familiar landmarks
how
on courses
of the night and reliably reappearing in the same pattern in any geographical
Any two
prominent, easy-to-recog-
nize stars in the sky gave the unique course for the ship to follow.
on the mast,
B, at
which
The
point
occurred at any given time of observation, and the point C, at which the
boom
of their
sail
Critical Path
30
standing or -sitting helmsman's eye occurs, gave the three corner points of
a right triangle whose three angles, A, B, and C, always sum-totalled 180
degrees. This
If
is
two other
all
the vari-
angles,
will
With
mounted perpendicularly
as long as
the Earth's rotation allowed the sight of that star to remain in a usable
The angle of elevation of the approached star could be sightmeasured by the helmsman observing, from the stern, the star's ever-
line of sight.
ingly
by the
mast's sail-luff rings, which elevation altered as the Earth revolved during
the night within the spheric array of Universe stars.
years,
and
lifetimes of
With
7.)
Their ten fingers and ten toes, the ankles of their two
wrists of their
days, months,
the slender
legs,
on which to
slide
The number of bracelets on their right-side ankles, wrists, and fingers could
be made to correspond to the human-foot-length-spaced-apart vertical intervals
on
sails to
the
number of bracelets on their left-side ankles, wrists, and fincould be made to correspond to the number of ribs of their ship, which
in
which
mast
sailors learned
how
sail.
The
right angle
of their triangle occurred between the mast and the ship's horizontal plane.
The
and horizontal
vertical
two measurable
sides a
and
we
ob-
You and
tain the
the
sum
we multiply
number (N X N =
if
number by
).
We
itself
right tri-
angle.
With
this
to multiply
all
information and the ankle, wrist, and finger rings with which
and
three edges of his right triangle, and he soon learned that the angles op-
Humans
in
Universe
31
illustrated
in
the rigging),
Figure
them (A/a
7.
B/b
stancy of the angle above the horizon of any given observed star as seen
From
at
re-
cord their observed measurement numbers and to carry out the calculations.
These devices eventually developed into the abacus, with which they could
swiftly multiply
The
and
divide.
super-
in a flat plane,
ref-
erenced to the prominent star points visible at the beginning of their voyage.
The complex of
different
sticks
showed the
its
its
32
Critical Path
one by one and moved the excess over ten into the successive
right-to-left-
ward columns.
Obviously,
the
first
member and
visualize
column
umn
its
He
all
in order to
re-
know was
to replace
he could
he needed to
the symbol
Was
Romans
to the
sifr;
as cifra;
and
to the
Arabs as
modern
zero).
Roman
curring events
for example, a
man would
Roman
fingers
gers)
make a mark
The more complex
a V
X
and
between
his
thumb and
fin-
Since one cannot see "no sheep" and cannot eat "no sheep," the
Roman
world seemingly had no need for a symbol for nothing. Only an abacus's
When
the symbol
for "nothing."
my town the
who had known me since
first
my babyhood
and were
my
man
"Have you
became everything
escape from the
to humanity.
invisibly
The from-the-Indian-Ocean-landed
nian
geometry
is
spherical
navigator-priests'
omnidirectional.
3000
Apparently
B.C.
Babylo-
seeking
to
Humans
Universe
in
33
matical coordinate system, the Babylonians failed only in their early attempt
to correlate their 360-degree great circle's central-angle-determined arcs'
subdivisions into degrees, minutes, and seconds with time's hours, minutes,
and seconds, but they did discover that the cosmically generalized, closedspherical-surface system was maximally divisible into 120 spherical right triangles, 60 positive
four of the
first
and of
prime numbers,
their subsystems. It
and
maximum common
was factorable by
all
1, 2, 3, 5.
in
mathematical conception-
power would
much
to too
deteriorate
all
if
way
imposed upon
this plane,
and
its
infinitely
all
tionally
nite,
wave
propagations.
two-dimensional plane geometry and not in the three-dimensional configuration or four-dimensional temperatured, weighted,
While some
and lengthed
reality.
The
forms
ability of
i.e.,
humans
Linear B, and so on
ful.
use-
known mouth-
each
letter,
later, in
1000
B.C., the
Critical Path
34
nounceable
letters
of present-day
made
the
practical
individual
Greek writing
late-twentieth-century-
a. d.
Greece.
scientists'
own
own
recording of their
As
manner of the
was the
B.C.
named
it
first
known human
400
He
the "atom."
600 to
scientists of
first
people
known and
recorded to think of our world as a spherical entity. In 410 B.C. the Pythag-
first
Moon, and
the
five planets
is
in
motion. There
He
fire.
body
Jupiter,
and Saturn
was thinking
a possibility that he
than
in galactic, rather
in solar-centered, terms.
first
to con-
cosmos
was
spun
Uni-
verse.
Sun
Sun
and the
fixed,
its
own
in greater orbital
Moon
axis at
its
own unique
B.C.
of the spherical
re-
His unprecedented
killed.
He
also
made
map
ning from clearly identifiable England on the northwest to the (not so convincingly identified)
included
all
mouth of
the
Ganges
in
the southeast.
map
His
ened profiling of South Africa, which outline could not have been included
and reported).
It
was
ago
also
around 200
B.C.
five
years
and
west coasts of South America. Because of the prevailing winds the west
coast of South
Mediterranean by
rica,
first
sailing
its
tip
main current
of Afto pass
Humans
Universe
in
35
the prevailing winds to transit China, Japan, and the Aleutian Islands to
Alaska, and then on the same current southwardly to the west coasts of
both North and South America, where the most recent deciphering of the
prephonetic Phoenician code makes clear that the Phoenicians had landed.
Locally documented in stone carving, this occurred circa 200 B.C.
ergo,
after stopping
on
the west coast of South America, the Phoenicians probably followed the
coast southward until the "Roaring Forties" winds and current swept
them
around the Horn into the South Atlantic, whence the northerly current took
east coast.
ing-recorded stop. Thereafter the Atlantic Gulf Stream swept them north-
ama
the
all
way westward
to the Pan-
Isthmus, then north from Yucatan into the Gulf of Mexico, then south-
ward north of Cuba around Florida, then with the Gulf Stream, diverted
northward by the Virgin and Bahama islands into the swiftly flowing North
Cape Hatteras, Nova
them
ice forced
home
to the Mediterranean
and
to
to
go westward until
Isles, etc.,
from which
nean shore.
I feel
tion.
sextant, or
star constellations
and driven by
and angular-pattern-informative-fol-
all
changes
in their
course angularly as plotted against the star pattern and of the whole sky.
his
map
along
its
top edge
if
South and North Atlantic Gulf Stream sweeps deeply into the Caribbean
Sea all the way to the isthmus of Panama and then through the Gulf of
Mexico, as already recounted. (See Figs. 8 and
Around
the
the
same
first terrestrial
200
year,
globe
celestial globes
9.)
preceded
it.
Humans
in Universe
37
in fair
A.D.)
It is
later
(1543
also clear that beginning with Plato's pupil Aristotle (384-322 B.C.)
and the
latter's practical
B.C.,
The
tory complexities.
an objection
difficultly
it,
between 200
B.C.
political
It
was adopted
power structure of that pe-
and
religious
ceive
and mis-see
which we
years
it
reflexes to
live.
1500 a.d. That curtain would never again have been raised had
until
it
miscon-
Because
had no
riod,
in
authorities to be
the
cipher.
it.
and thereby
ratioing
numbers
in
ca-
its
leftward positioning of
make
accidentally
"nothing"
its
functioning, there
discovering
much
visible, senseless
the
is
computationally
operative
functioning
less feel
of
compu-
was the
Asiatic,
knowledge of it
in
about 1200
Germany by way
hood
all
its
disciples, the
The combined
religious
and
Figure 9.
Probable voyage in 200 B.C. of Phoenicians going with prevailing
ocean currents and trade winds before days of magnetic compass-using, using
only interstar lines of interrelationships.
jaP*
//
I
Atlantic
Gulf /Stream
38
39
Figure 10.
Possible if not probable voyaging of Phoenicians in 250
both west and east coasts of South America from Levantine Biblos.
B.C. to
KJ*
^V
40
^9
41
T|
Q
c
ID
m
m
0)
o
3
c
3
<
CO"
oa
42
Humans
in
Universe
43
Greek
Sir
scientists'
James Jeans
ever-unorthodox thinking
said
two millennia
later, "is
the earnest attempt to set in order the facts of experience." Scientific thinking constantly discovered experimental evidence of the erroneous conceptioning of nonscientific authority.
own
experiences."
God and
He
all
experiences.
tell
how
his people
to behave,
human
how to
the Sun-centered planetary system, he obviously could not maintain the logic
maintained except
in a
down, perpendicular
ed, flat-world plane
Him
to
in
Heaven
and people on an
trees
infinitely,
The
God
his
God
all
omnilaterally extend-
stars set
B.C.
rose.
This
400 to 200
and
on the delta
at the
founded by Alex-
westernmost mouth of
Egypt's River Nile. In 100 B.C. the Alexandrian library was said to have
scrolls.
Fortunately some of
around the
civilized
li-
the Alexandrian library were burned in 47 B.C. during a siege in the war
44
Critical Path
In 272 a.d. a
ond
by a
time.
later
The
Roman emperor
Roman emperor
universities
529 a.d.
all
final
sec-
was accomplished
the Mediterranean
complete burning of
As we have
map and
are Era-
We
map
we now know
both coasts
of South America at about that time and that the Phoenicians sailed from
their sover-
cedars were shipped to Eratosthenes' Alexandria in Egypt, to build the bigbellied, stoutly ribbed sailing ships. It is quite evident to us that Eratosthe-
nes had great confidence that his world had been circumnavigated.
we
make
that
live
to
his
on a spherical
planet.
Why
else
He knew
etc.?
The 200
globe,
B.C.
when
using
my
Of course,
geographical names
is
logi-
employ.
B.C.
maps show
such
employed
Rome
as those of
that
flat
Genghis
concept, with
in the
middle of the land." The people, in the times of Alexander the Great or of
Caesar or of Saladin,
all
thought in that
difficult,
is
flat
way.
As
and "spherical
trig" even
elis
difficult.
The
real
consequences of that
mathematically
are devastating.
psychologically,
It
means
philosophically,
and
we have
45
46
Critical Path
something we
known
call civilization,
wilderness peopled with brutes and worse, and outside of that, live
an only local
definability,
flat infinity.
What we have
surrounded by flat-outward
in flat-land
infinity
undefin-
ability.
circle as
closed line of equal radius from one point," the triangle as "an area
by a closed
line
was "bound"
The Greeks
and
as having validity
bound
identity,
while outside (on the other side of the boundary) existed only treacherous
terrain leading
able wilderness.
outward
to boundless infinity
this
We
and
right
own
versa. All
"Our
valid.
side"
natural and
is
and a
priori,
with
all else
its
remote
their mis-
assumption that geometry could begin with plane geometry which they said
and
dividers.
They
an equally essential component of their otherwise experimentally demonstrated proofs of their various propositions. Because the earth of the Earth
it
was an
infinitely
its
limits
gether to recognize the fact that you cannot have a surface of nothing.
Any
all
1).
finite
Not knowing
all
finite
sually
areas,
You
and B
angles
What
their closed
two
many
into
that they
Universe
lines
all
inadvertently divide
"A" the
triangle
all
Draw
a triangle on
vi-
drew and "B" the enormous area on the "outside" of the consciously
Humans
drawn
et
in Universe
47
is
bound
by the closed-perimeter figure of "three angles and three edges" which you
Unbeknownst
ways dealing
in
to them, the
Humans
could not
al-
make
The two
terrestrial triangles,
little
and vast B,
in turn
brought inherently into play the almost spherical, vastly high-frequency-triangulated polyhedronal system on whose surface they were scribing. This
in turn
and unbeknownst
to
them
the
macro-Universe outside the system upon which they scribed and the microUniverse inside the system upon which they scribed. Thus humans have
ways unknowingly
al-
realistic
little effect
on
man
affect
hu-
human
fulfillment of
its
designed
accomplishment of that
effective in satisfying
Universe that
realistic
conceptioning
human mind
is
is
realistically
accomplishing
its
de-
we
continually explore for the invisible power structure behind the vis-
and
their long,
Buddha
in the
time in
human
individuals who,
and philosophic
gifts to
humanity were
in
marked con-
Critical Path
48
little
unknown
utterly
spiritual thinking
to
in the
Near
East,
and Buddha,
Far East,
in the
is
Near East
as recorded in the
Old
Greek school of
scientists
same time
and
as Pythagoras
scientific thinkers,
running to 200
"a
esies
little
B.C.
and spears
all
humans.
Such individuals
as Pythagoras
The ever-advancing
first.
600
B.C.
and 200
scientific
the scriptural writers, suggest that not until about 200 B.C. did the great
begin to find
The
and
magnitude.
God. What
to
to put in a control
God
only
Roman
its
proclaimed "di-
technology because
Roman
of misery.
abortion
it
The
cally
As
of
pregnancy being
much
maintenance of
its
dogma and
lies
its
and
arti-
in the burial
Humans
in Universe
49
one comes to
sea,
far
enough
inland,
and occupied
at its
highest point by
built
with
living god-kings
How
this
lesser
pinnacles.
The design
gators,
whose
from
The world-around
ciples of boatbuilding.
their
knowledge of the
prin-
priest-navigator's cosmological
standing in
India,
America.
In the early dawning of graphically chronicled civilization the wats involve gods of the sea and gods of the sky as well as gods of the underground
land.
that
brimstone and
fire,
just as
"up"
indicated
a Hell of
toward the
se-
had no
living
designer-priests
human
except as an astronomer.
and constructed by
more an
invisible
god of Heaven,
human
ca-
or any other
life)
were ab-
As recorded
Humans
lethal
Humans
plucked from the mysterious scenery. Infection was rampant. Average survival
was
in the
and ten"-year
life-span. Life
logic could
persuade humanity to believe that the living experience was intended by the
great
God
of Universe to be desirable in
life
its
own
right.
The only
tenable as-
Critical Path
50
hereafter. It
ter
was reasoned
life
on Earth proved
life
support for
life
all, it
could be
him
safely delivered to
Because
To
get the
if
the pharaoh
world with
all his
all
people
in this
life
humans
peration drove
that
to thievery
pharaoh and
all his
and vandalism
life
support, des-
as a general
way of
life.
his burial
chamber
in
the superstable form of the pyramid. This called for supreme engineering,
designing, and large-scale building capability.
Thus
it
came about
that the
economic-authority /patronage that employed and subsidized the pyramiddesigning, architectural, engineering,
and building
The authority
life
and
to
Egyptian
he could
went
of the pharaoh
With
ing.
all
The
and
his
building there
most
is
life
hereafter
faithful servants.
and
there-
blocks of stone.
man
first
tree trunks
The pharaoh's
creative architect
move
great rocks.
Whoever
the
hu-
first
its ability
to
and
re-
The pha-
raoh died. They entombed him, and he supposedly went to the world of
eternal hereafter
accompanied by
artist-scientist-inventor
(along with the other most faithful servants) so that they could be the
first
Humans
in Universe
51
of the pharaoh's people to enjoy the blessings of the "hereafter." But knowl-
The next
wood-log
many
ered that
for lack
rollers,
of his
the waters of the Nile into slave-produced irrigation ditches, which led the
fertile
The
artist-
human advantage
creased the
in-
hereafter world.
first
of the pyramids, the "scaffold"-phase tools such as the lever, were not forgotten amongst the as-yet-living people.
left
The departed
architect-engineers
irrigate
became
evolution's comprehen-
environment advancers.
rearranged-environment world
digious that
for the
it
by the
became obviously
most favorable
afterlife
equipment" employed
in the
The work
effectiveness of the
era's artist-scientists,
became so pro-
afterlife.
controlling technology, currently available in this world to serve as scaffolding for enshrinement of the eternal afterlife of the pharaoh
taneously apparent to
all
total of
it
and nobles,
became spon-
now-workable technol-
afterlife
of the
The
afterlife
Critical Path
52
middle-class-wealthy,
afterlife
became so
vast that
Mohammed
now
humans
know-how and
inspired
and middle
class,
but also of
slaves.
This did not occur in one day. There was a gradual dawning awareness
in
life.
vis-a-vis the
is
dramatic manifest of
this
period.
pharaohs to ferry over into Heaven. For another millennium they had only
the nobles and the rich middle class to prepare for safe entry into the afterlife.
But,
less
than
percent of humanity.
we
into Heaven,
The by-word-of-mouth news swiftly went round that all humanity could
be accommodated in the next world and would be welcomed there if
individually qualifying in this world through devout acts and thoughts. The
now
officially
accredited representatives of
power through
tions of individual
humans
Roman
God
in this
qualifica-
power became
emperor-pope and, as we
in this
earlier described,
the
al-
swiftly
gave
Eu-
During the Dark Ages those individuals endowed with creative powers
and
insights
form the
political, religious,
original thinkers
and
to
skilled artists to
re-
the
and dance
The
by
in-
accepted customs
development of movable
capabilities
Humans
in Universe
53
activities
witnessed
the
in
nitude of in-this-life-physical-"scaffolding"
development
technological
's
proliferated to such an extent that society began to realize that not only the
afterlife
life
all
accommodated
and
was extended
this-life as well as
arrived
life
when
and nobles'
in
this-life
sinners" into
by
it
was possible
this life
by both the
enjoyment of
this
the rich middle-class society. This gave rise to the Victorian Age.
this technological
advan-
taging of the rich middle class was enormously advantaged by the circa-
and the
artifacts
tury,
and
when
accumulated inventory of
developed that
it
lives
made
of
all
had become so
effective-
made
manity.
moving assembly
lines.
his
himself directly as the prime designer not only of his end product
automobile
and
all
but
auto-
He concerned
the
Critical Path
54
the massively reproductive industry
of raw materials
all
his
own
railroads
and
ships, massive-
advantaging
occurred under the
both the
afterlife
and the
humanity
nomena
phenom-
contactable
ble
invisible, nonsensorially
Thereby,
reality.
all
as yet
its
came
two-universe
ings.
(1) life
and
(2)
Heaven
mean
Now we
manity's need for two universes, "This Life" and ".The Afterlife," began to
fade out as
In
all
it
life
and
its
mans explained
to themselves the
scheme of
sum
how
their real
east-
ern watery extremity the Sun and stars rose, passed over, descended,
it,
stars quite
two directions
in relation to
were extended
positive
flat
in only
Earth. Those
direc-
Humans
This
in Universe
55
conceptioning
flat
is
day expressions as "the wide, wide world" and "the four corners of the
Earth."
lars
As mentioned
before,
parallel perpendicu-
impinging upon this flat-out world. Only a flat-out world could have
a Heaven to which to ascend and a Hell into which to descend. Both Christ
and Mohammed,
tions of
"up" or "down"
(which
or
OUT is
any
Don't
IN
into Mars.
let
is
in
is
is
point-to-able.
direction.
human
My own
untrue.
Around
scientific
direct questioning of
all scientists
many
large sci-
for
Sun
has been
direc-
specifi-
no
is
in Universe
Moon
Scientifically speaking
knowledge. In
human senses into spontaneous acmuch has been done and much
fact,
such
re-
reflexes
have been
trying for fifty-three years to rid myself of the words up and down,
We now know
in
my
find
speech.
we do
that
We
do
on
live
Sun
at
it
its
orbits.
The
None
first
of the per-
aviators flying
circuit,
did not
feel
"going-owr," not
words
in
and
out.
We
can go only
feet. So,
in, out,
and around.
and
miles.
is
feet.
The
which
60,000 times the diameter of the sphere of which the Astrodome's spheria segment.
The
cal roof
is
erest, is
Houston's Astrodome
may
Critical Path
56
/60,000th
scale
real
a six-
being
high
i.e.,
naked eye)
fifth
.002 inch.
is
The
one one-hundredth,
as a 1/60,000 scale
and
and
.01,
Astrodome
would appear
to
It
make
five
you and
can
see.
The Earth
is
New
parallel to
*&*%**
one another,
are
1 inch farther apart than
their bases.
though
K&
"#*!V/s
*&
their tops
Rectilinear
m%$&
Greek
so locally tiered
a manner as seeming to
"prove" the Earth to be
in
flat
and
that rectilinear
Figure
13.
allspace.
**
7'o,
V/y
Humans
in Universe
57
San Francisco
Hilton
New
Tokyo Hilton
London
Hilton
Figure
The around-the-world
14.
one
another.
mans
I
have
now
realistically feel
clearly
felt
myself to be upside-down,
but a
many
at the circular
am
beginning to
remember
had
now
home
could
it is
flat.
a half.
that
me
just received
see.
gland
terly inconceivable.
in the air
but he
Critical Path
58
was
Few,
illiterate.
if
"knew"
that
the
were dismissed
as luna-tics.
The
British
ness venturers
Isles
by great busi-
British Isles
British
all
and
the Euro-
many
was a sphere.
system.
As we
litical
first
empire of
sphere
sphere
is
is finite
man
finite,
omnisymmetrical, closed
Thomas Malthus,
professor of po-
system
conceived of as a sphere
is
infinite
econo-
first
all
an
we knew
to occur after
a mathematically
world, with
its infinity
number of
infinitely
finitely closed
possibilities,
such as ac-
felt
to be
"worthwhile."
and
finite
its
who
their scientists
able resources.
its
exploit-
whose
infinite
number of chances of
fying idea
if it
infinity
illogical.
number of
It
to include
open-edged em-
exist.
pattern.
It
cal,
seems strange that we were not taught about the historical, philosophiand economic significance of the foregoing transition from an open-flat
Humans
in
Universe
to a closed-sphere
59
and
their
monopoly of the
The power
structure and
enough alone."
its
riches of the
its
now
CHAPTER
Legally Piggily
I'm
going to review my
the origins of
human power
structures.
is
Once
Darwin saw
this as the
battle.
all
young
way
in
full
almost
in a while a
to keep the
operative amongst
is
I'm sure that amongst the earliest of human beings, every once
man was born much bigger than the others. He didn't ask to be
he was. And because he was bigger, people would say each in
esoteric
language "Mister,
me, because
would
will
The
And
he would say,
The
to the
"OK," and
have
lost all
"Between these
The people
you
We
man becomes
so in either a bullying or
little
for
people
He would
would
say
like to get
could
said,
own
their
in a while
but there
He
that he
was king
simply because he was not only the biggest and the most physically powerful
but also the most
60
skillful
Legally Piggily
Every once
61
in a while along
you've got things too easy around here. I'm going to take
down on
pinned
take
his back,
and
But
going to
him
to kill
me
kill
to
it
let
you up now
can
kill
you.
you promise
to fight
assents,
if
up.
instinctively the king says secretly to himself, "I mustn't ever allow
to
power structure
is,
"Divide to conquer,
"Duke
and
Hill C,"
tells
"Duke
all
good
fighters.
his position
He makes one
own
the
"Duke
of
king minds everybody's business," and he has his spies watch them so that
they can't gang up on him. Thus, our considered king
is
lot
of
nonfighting people
little
who
little
The king
my
off."
The man
The king
says
who
says,
is
"I'm
says,
something
up here
else
head
off."
asks,
is
me.
And
man
the king.
As he
is
useful.
make
make
"You
tiful,
king says,
better
says,
there's
no question about
that.
So the
Critical Path
62
man making
"The reason
am
you
trouble for
because
is
you."
under-
here, peo-
mathematician.
As each
says to
all
of these
men
do
for
life,
the king
Mr.
business. You,
business;
mind only your own business; and you, Mr. Arithmetic, mind only your
own business. Each one minds only his own business. I'm the only one that
minds everyone's business.
"Yes
"Yes
"Yes
sir."
sir."
sir."
his
well.
He
superior metallurgy, better arithmetic and logistics, better spying and intelligence.
His kingdom
is
The king
Mr. Languageman,
says, "I
want
want you
to leave this
to pick out
kingdom
And
grand-
per-
my
to
want you
to pick
became the
The way
sia
the
making trouble
for the
power structure
(if
intelligent-
fighting
from
terests,
"What is
The Earth
Pointing to the logs burning in the fireplace, one child asked me,
fire?" I
answered, "Fire
is
the
tree's log.
revolves and the trees revolve as the radiation from the Sun's flame reaches
By photosynthesis
Sun radiation
a tetrahedron that
makes a cone
as
it
cambium
revolves.
which form
The
The
tree
and
get water.
Each year
the new, outer-layer, green-tree cone revolves 365 turns, and every year the
tree
grows
its
new
is
many
many-years-of-Sun-flame-winding
the tree.
rings
fire is
the
When
the
Legally Piggily
63
it is
letting
know how
to
answer
too specialized.
all
given
and
need of walking,
in
is
greatly
fly,
woods
Amazon
hampered by
integral but
its
now
useless
wings.
Humans
ordinating and storing for later retrieval the integrated information coming
in
tory.
Humans
all
all
and
olfac-
number of
only between a
hended by
their brains,
human minds
whose
initial intensity is
power of the
the
celestial bodies,
arith-
the laws of intercovarying pressure differentials in gases under varying conditions of shape
The Wright
brothers'
wing
foils
provided
human
flight,
work made
mathematics of generalized
general
made
scientific
all
birds in speed
conformations.
in
speed and
wings to outfly
foil
improvement
Human
interfering bodies.
and
its
own
detached-from-self
one
another those wings and modify them to produce even better wings.
human
giant-affairs evolution.
all sorts
many
of truth-founded leg-
to the
Critical Path
64
point at which a small
story of
man made
man
man by
little
"ballistics"
defined as: the art and science of controlling the trajectory of an explo-
man
with spear or
So
sling.
could
skill
a big
kill
man
much
at
era of giants.
human
steel-spring-coil
best organize
art of
human
in-
teressential "best"
and ran
weapons. The
big
discovery
the battles
gunpowder by
of
the Chinese and the invention of guns introduced the era of ballistics, or as
the
Navy terms
Going back
we
of weapons,
it,
ways belonged
to the
own
land
Great
Spirit.
To the Indians
it
itself al-
the land. There was never any idea that the people
owning was an
eternal, omniscient
omnipotence unique to
ous Great
Spirit.
Great
Spirit
was held by
in
all
In 1851 Seattle, chief of the Suquamish and other Indian tribes around
is
is
named
city
in response to a pro-
sell
two million
How
sell
idea
is
strange
to us.
If
we do not own
how
Every part of
my
every sandy shore, every mist in the dark woods, every clearing and
insect
is
holy in the
memory and
experience of
my
people.
courses through the trees carries the memories of the red man.
humming
Legally Piggily
65
The white man's dead forget the country of their birth when they go to walk
the stars. Our dead never forget this beautiful earth, for it is the mother
of the red man. We are part of the earth and it is part of us. The perfumed
among
flowers are our sisters; the deer, the horse, the great eagle, these are our brothers.
The rocky
and man
all
when
So,
we
will
much
we can
of us.
live
He
comfortably to ourselves.
So we
will consider
your
offer to
buy our
land.
But
it
will not
be easy. For
is
will
be his children.
ers
we
sell
riv-
must remember that it is sacred, and you must teach your children that it is
sacred and that each ghostly reflection in the clear water of the lakes tells of
events and memories in the life of my people. The water's murmur is the voice
of
my
father's father.
The
rivers are our brothers, they quench our thirst. The rivers carry our caand feed our children. If we sell you our land, you must remember, and
teach your children, that the rivers are our brothers and yours, and you must
henceforth give the rivers the kindness you would give any brother.
noes,
We know
man
One
portion
is
the
to be bought, plundered, sold like sheep or bright beads. His appetite will de-
do not know. Our ways are different from your ways. The sight of your
pains the eyes of the red man. There is no quiet place in the white man's
cities
cities.
No
insect's wings.
life if
man
The
clatter only
seems to
And what
is
there to
The Indian
man, they
all
numb
to the stench.
But
if
we
sell
man
dying for
many days he
is
with
all
the
life it
supports.
The wind that gave our grandfather his first breath also receives his last sigh.
And if we sell you our land, you must keep it apart and sacred as a place where
even the white
man
is
flowers.
is
the ashes
Critical Path
66
is
men
is
tell
spit
spit
upon them-
selves.
This
we know:
we know which
We may
the white
be brothers after
man
all.
We shall
discover: our
see.
God
One
thing
the
same
is
God.
You may think now that you own Him as you wish to own our land; but
you cannot. He is the God of man, and His compassion is equal for the red
man and the white. This earth is precious to Him, and to harm the earth is
to heap contempt on its creator. The whites too shall pass; perhaps sooner than
all other tribes. Contaminate your bed and you will one night suffocate in your
own
waste.
But
in
are
all
to this land
slaughtered, the wild horses are tame, the secret corners of the forest
men and
wires.
In
my
prehistory accounting
when each
ice
age
is
become
part of the
Malay Peninsula.
and
others, all
the furry animals southward until they were suddenly pushed into the land
Human
how to cope, hunting some and taming others. In following the evolution of human power structures we are now particularly interested in the humans who found themselves confronted with a tidal wave
of wild animals. Those who were overwhelmed became aggressive hunters,
and those who were not overwhelmed became peaceful domesticators of the
animals. Some of the most aggressive men mounted horses, moved faster
than
all
others,
beasts.
Olds
at Alaska's
Future Frontiers
Legally Piggily
We
67
have learned
that aggression
in the last
a secondary behavior of
is
come
only
it is
humans
that
in the
an
ice
It is
human-versus-animal confrontation
When
no longer working.
is
At
same
the
time,
humans
seemed
to
have no
on the
lived
limits.
flesh of their
we have
sometimes
man
we
hunting with
slowly,
the
head shepherd
they get
when
it,
high on
as king
the
to the
Great
Spirit.
The people
and herbs. They kept themselves warm with clothing made of the skins of
the animals and also with environment-controlling tents
lings
We
and
by
his flock,
his side.
He
up
rides
made
of local sap-
skins.
little
man on
"Well, Mr. Shepherd, those are very beautiful sheep you have there.
know,
it's
The wilderness
derness.
been out
You
very dangerous to have such beautiful sheep out here in the wilis
very dangerous."
The shepherd
responds, "We've
at all."
Finally, there
in
is
so
much
No
one dared question the horseman's claim that he owned the land on
which
was
trespassing.
in at
locale;
shepherd's head with his club. This was how, multimillennia ago, twentieth-
time
little
people learned
how
to
structure
and how
Then
there
came
on horses
to de-
Critical Path
68
termine
who
own
this land."
Ownership changed
The ownership-claiming strategy soon evolved into horsemounted warfare as each gang sought to overwhelm the other. Then the
frequently.
man
prisoners to build
them stone
Surrounded
to
to land evolved
their domains.
battles
of gangs of gangs, and the beginning of the great land barons. Finally
and
is
acquisitions, topped
we
to
own
land.
The
ons discovered the most geographically logical trading points for caravaning: a place
trail
trail;
harbor and transfer some of their goods from the camel caravans to the
The caravaners would say, "Let's exchange goods right here. Fine.
You need something; I have it."
One day they're exchanging goods when along comes a troop of armed
brigands on horseback. The head horseman says, "It's pretty dangerous exchanging valuable things out here in the wilderness." The caravaners' leader
says, "No, we never have any trouble out here. We have been doing this for
many generations." Then their goods begin to be stolen nightly, and finally
boats.
the merchants agree to accept and pay for "protection." That was the be-
city.
The horse-mounted
city's walls
The
and saw
is
how we came
which was
to
it
that
all
This
to
to
what
is
agrarian-productivity-exploiting
exploiting type. These produced
type
all
affair.
and
trade-route-confluence-
and Babylon.
The agrarian-supported city-state works in the following manner: For example, we have Mycenae in Greece, a beautiful and fertile valley. It is ringed
Legally Piggily
69
around with mountains. You can see the mountain passes from the high
in the center of the valley.
good
When
Mycenaeans bring
masonry grain
all
bins.
and
belly"
What
The people
whelmed by
outside
left
height and
its
only
riod in history.
plies
The people
its
the
to
outside try to break into the walled city, but they are over-
much
them
for
fields."
hungry on
is
hill
a very
to
on
is
So they build a wall around the citadel on the top of that mid-
well.
valley hill
At the
city-state. It
get weaker
inside
city-states operated in
in-
Bosporus.
It
had marvelous
walls.
its
people.
Meanwhile
in history,
world's waters
we have
developing the
first rafts,
which had
to
currents took them; then the dugouts, with which they paddled or catama-
finally the
ribbed-and-planked
them by the stout spine and rib cage of the whales, seals
and humans stoutly keeled and ribbed, deep-bellied ships. With their large
ships made possible by this type of construction, sailors came to cross the
ship, suggested to
carried
The Phoenicians,
these big-ribbed
Up
ships,
for
more
supplies.
came
to
Troy
The new
in
This terminally-
the Greeks
of
it.
fleets
line
line-of-supply masters
starved out the Trojans. The Trojans thought they had enough
Critical Path
70
food but had not reckoned on the people besieging them having these large
The Trojan horse was the large wooden ship that did the task of
horses out of whose belly poured armed troops.
At this time the power structure of world affairs shifts from control by the
city-state to the masters of the lines of supply. At this point in the history
ships.
Roman
Empire,
it
was
its
power was
you saw
and great
Go
had
their south
line
valleys such as
the Venetians
power of the
While historians
built
to Italy,
castellos
Italy.
in fact the
westward to
shifts
Roman
The Phoenicians
Mediterranean headquarters
is
Ven-
phonetically
in
Carthage in
to each castello,
Venetians
in
and sent
in their people
line of supply,
Italy
The people
inside
were starved
out. Thus, all of the regional masters of the people in Italy hated the Ve-
netians-Phoenicians- Veekings
who were
able to
do
this.
There being as yet no Suez Canal, the new world power structure centered in the ship mastery of the line of supply finally forcing the
Empire
to shift
its
Roman
the
The
Europe-bound
traffic
From
to
waterway
routes. Be-
Empire
in the
who
es-
Before leaving the subject of the great power-structure struggle for control
itable,
we must
its
between Asia and Europe via the Indian Ocean, the Red Sea, overland
Legally Piggily
Figure
71
15.
We
have seen the Greek Alexander the Great crossing Persia and reach-
ing the Indian Ocean, thus connecting with the Phoenician trading to Asia.
thousand years
sons
were
later the
Crusaders
power structure
"Humans
in
is
B.C.
Critical Path
72
We
Roman
Empire's destruc-
the Asia-to-Europe trade pattern via Constantinople and the inland, overland,
Khyber Pass
why
the
to
fit
mapped by
Eratosthe-
in the control of
human
capability
affairs.
Big-
lines.
The Phoenician
became
obsolete.
among
the world
visibility to
popular-
rates of the
pi-
Who
the
in-
visible.
around Africa to the Orient, and then around the world. Thus, "those
the
know"
is
to determine
in
flags
of En-
of the world's high-seas line of supply. These great nations were simply the
become so
effectively
who had
while operating behind the national scenery. Always their victories were in
the
sovereign-ruled country.
The
real
power
struc-
tures were always the invisible ones behind the visible sovereign powers.
fleets
produce not only the wooden hulls but the metal fastenings and
the iron anchors and chains and the fiber ropes and cloth
and other
sails,
and because
large
critical supplies
money
The
and daring
You have
to build
the positioning of
numbers
that enables
you
or your servants
to calculate the engineering data governing the design of hulls, spars, rig-
Legally Piggily
and
ging, etc.,
73
all
capable of sailing
treasures that
trip to the
all
way
the
Orient
and a
comes
The
Europe
in the Orient to
power
to
on your
command
all
fighting
//my
who grow
the people
all
men
who
are carpenters to
work
ship; all
had
ship. In addition
fabrics for
employed
to be
you had
to
all
your
sails.
all
all
and
to feed all
all
all
and
the farmers
the people
Thus,
in the building
command
those
your rope;
fibers for
outfitting of
your
who produced
the
all
your court. So
was no way you could possibly produce one of these great ships unless
there
you were
Even
be cashed in
that
spin,
fortune.
in!"
and
One
there.
man
ing
found
travelers are to be
safe return to
to the Orient
own
many
money
to cope with
any and
all
unforeseen
events that could not be coped with by use of muscle or the sword
to trade with. It
was
you
You
money
at this stage of
Up
that
by
until
was
1500
B.C. all
money was
of money.
cattle,
live
money
eat. Steers
were
The Phoenicians
them
when Crete was the headquarters of the big-boat people and their
new supreme weapon the lines-of-supply-control ship. Crete was called the
Minoan civilization, the bull civilization, worshippers of the male fertility
the time
god.
The
pair of joined bull's horns symbolized that the particular ship carried
real-wealth traders
cal-wealth items.
cattle
on board
to be
exchanged for
lo-
were the
by the Vikings). Veenetians, Phoenicians. (Punitians, Puntits, Pundits. Punic Wars. Punt = boat = the boat people. Pun in some African Colored
Critical Path
74
languages means "red," as in
Red
Sea.).
the
i.e.,
Phoenicians, Portuguese
people.
half-rings
for brace-
first
lets.)
tries
coun-
recognize the miniature iron bull horn. If metal was being used for trading,
then there were other kinds of metal they preferred trading with people
Phoenician
Money
Figure
16.
Legally Piggily
75
silver,
more
aes-
horn symbols.
This soon brought metal coinage into the game of world trading, with the
coin bearing the image of the sovereign of the homeland of the Phoe-
first
nicians.
This switch to coinage occurred coincidentally at just about the same time
changeover from
as the great
dominance
city-state
domi-
to line-of-supply
affairs.
This
was the time when the Phoenicians began trading with people of so many
different languages that, in
sounds made by people around the world, the Phoenicians invented phonetic spelling
Phoenician
separately
and invented
ing
human
spelling
letter
much
from the
spell-
visual-
metaphor-concept writing of the Orient, accomplished with complex ideagraphics (ideographs), several of which frequently experienced, generalized
It
having no meaning
a whole
This
is
in itself
and whereby
Pound
is
a single sound
make
it
was
split into
sentence.
the story
a babble
whole ideas
many
fully
letter code.
The
to
become an expert
spelling of
to un-
doing so success-
with ideographs.
craft,
just before
it
As
Trafalgar, giving
Company,
them dominance of
all
British
first
ship.
now
gold.
all, its
empire
It
it
was
in 1805,
200 years
won
was
said
in history
after
the Battle of
They
er set." In order to get their gold off the sea and out of reach of the pirates,
the British
made
world with
whom
it
all
to keep
Critical Path
76
mune
now
is
The
international trading
The
to their land
went
the building of enterprisers' ships with their cattle or other real wealth, the
banker
come
The
a great gain.
original proprietor.
and back
to
"child"),
and
and the
is
cattle
had
the
cattle that
calves,
interest originated,
which was
When
"kind"
terest
money
didn't have
original
money
value,
and
little
money
in-
preciated the capital equity of the borrower. Thus, metallic equity banking
became a
different kind of
game from
their
guarded
money
in the vaulted
is
money
is
is
its
depositing, at interest
account depositor and, since the metal or paper money does not produce
children
in the
way of calling
debtor
was Shakespeare's
was
in reality
depleting the life-support equity of both the depositors and the borrowers.
It
trading,
and individ-
the
European trade
Morgan became
Legally Piggily
man
11
By having
of great power.
Philadelphia and
travel, all their
to finance
New
his
banking houses
and London,
in Paris
could be taken. The people doing the risking came to the banker for advice.
In such a
sition in
manner
Morgan developed
J. P.
steel ships
and the
and
conditioning systems.
air
To
American
affairs,
we
will switch
into
North
American socioeconomic
scene.
in
major ways.
several
vast haciendas
The
coast,
to
ico-Mississippi delta,
St.
into California.
on the
line.
Gulf of Mex-
(1) to the
(2) to the
Lakes, then southward on the Mississippi to join with these lower Mississippi colonists exploring
British sovereign grants were also being given on the northeastern coast,
where
it
cause
it
difficult.
who
Bere-
ceived large land grants from the British king in the north did everything
from
their landlords.
The
who bought
cold-winter wilderness.
mained
safely
in
who
On
Europe.
In
the
south the
royal-favorite
many
Amer-
who
re-
landowners
now
it
Critical Path
78
is
American Revolution, the power structure behind it did not lose the
war. The most visible of the power-structure identities was the East India
lost the
Company, an
whose
flag as
adopted by Queen
When
St.
Andrew and
St.
dians boarded the East India Company's three ships and threw overboard
their entire cargoes of high-tax tea.
head of the
They
Indiamen"
the Dartmouth.
tree in
flag,
Though
flag
thir-
it
present thought the thirteen red and white stripes did represent the thirteen
American colonies
ergo,
stripes.
British
after
moved
they complained
thirteen red
but
superimposed crosses
flag's
lost
invisi-
lose but
erful landowners.
By pure chance
happened
to
uncover
this popularly
unknown
episode
new
Bombay,
airports in
New
fortress in
abeth
and the
thirteen red
flag
American
flag)
was
visiting the
stripes
me was
Company
and
its
in
Eliz-
its
superimposed crosses
in the
seemed
to be
first es-
the
ed on the wall
itself,
The supreme
type
as
was the
Company.
colonists.
Legally Piggily
79
of Independence that the nation so formed should have any wealth. Wealth,
Hamilton argued
as supported
by
Adam
Smith
is
is
hundreds
Assuming
terest.
that
people
the
their
money it borrowed, the people gladly would be taxed in order to pay the money back to the landowners with
interest. This is where a century-and-a-half-long game of "wealth"-poker
representative government did with the
began
to the great
er structure.
Obviously, very powerful people had their land given to them by the king
and not by God, but the king, with the church's approbation, asserted
it
was
and
decisions
legal precedent
from deeds
who had
to
in-
originally dispensed
tithe,
their lands
or rent, and
deeded land. The landlord had his "tithing" barn within which to store the
grains collected in the baskets (fiscus
year
is
that
harvested).
is
fiscal
The
was
When
"wealthy."
Nobody had
whom
other than the visible land and the complex of buildings in which the
wealthy
to be"
Many owned
very unosten-
tatious ways.
live in
Critical Path
80
land
wealthy landowners, to
systems.
whom
Enterprises
were
underwritten
by
when fortunate, dividends were paid. "Rich" people sometimes had their
own private banks as, for instance, J. P. Morgan and Company. Ordinary
For
all
how much there was of it. There were no inWorld War I. But the income tax did not disclose
come
in various substantial
all
proclaiming the capital values. These capital values were agreed upon
on
pri-
"The
get children"
to
life.
In the land-wealth era of warring the opposing forces took the farm-
They exhausted the farmproduced food supplies and trampled down the farms. War was local.
In 1810, only five years after Malthus's pronouncement of the fundamental inadequacy of life support on planet Earth, the telegraph was invented.
It used copper wires to carry its messages. This was the beginning of a new
ers
soldiers of them.
an era
in
all
made
The development of
possible preservation
and
dis-
new
technology of all the advancing industry, which was inaugurated by the production of steel in the mid-nineteenth century, required the use of
known primary
all
the
Legally Piggily
For instance
81
cans involved
tin
tin
straits,
iron from
West
belonged to the old lords of the food-productive lands. Metals were found
often, but not always, in
tries
The
fishing.
to
first
was the
metals that
file
claims.
made
maximally profited
bills
and
supply controllers
ish
all around the world, in lands of counremote from one another. Mine ownerships were granted by govern-
ments to the
It
mountains
in
traffic
pirates
was
known
and
reduced the necessity for businessmen to travel with their exported goods
to collect at the importer's end. Because the world-around-occurring metals
were
bers of
humans
by the
invisible,
all
advance
War
num-
World
I.
realistically
airplane,
which could
fly
Germans and
their allies.
supply.
J. P.
Morgan was
power structure, opThe 1914 industrial producAmerica was enormous, with an even more enormous amount of
the visible fiscal agent for the "in"
and her
allies.
all
in U.S.A.-enterprise equities.
Throughout
that nineteenth century, the vast resources of the U.S.A. plus the
new
array
Critical Path
82
The U.S.A. economy took all the industrial machinGermany, France, and Europe in
tablished productivity.
it
in
improvements.
In 1914 World
War
in
Belgium
The "unsinkable
flagship"
commanded
the harbors
down
completely, then the "outs" would be able to take the British Isles themselves,
mean
In 1914, three years before the U.S.A. entered the war, J. P. Morgan, as
the "Allies' " fiscal agent, began to buy in the U.S.A. to offset the line-of-
finally,
power
all
it
had only
magnitude
twice the
which
allies
their
finance,
silver in the
allies,
total of
exercised
goods worth
was but
fractionally articulated.
Because the "ability to pay later" credit of the Allied nations could not be
stretched any further, the only
it
By
skillful
would buy
as well as that of
way
its
own
war on the
productivity in support of
its
own war
effort
its allies.
how
recall, as
those times,
enthusiastic everyone
ships to carry
them
to France,
We
need them
desperately to keep carrying the tanks and airplanes, weapons, and munitions to France."
The
Navy and
Navy be
therewith
Legally Piggily
83
German
German
America went
Navy keeps
We
want
all
the
,,
U.S. industries, such as the telephone, telegraph, and power companies, and
produced
1918,
all
that
first
industrial trans-
from
al;
visible structuring
and molecular
to invisible
atomic
Within one year the million armed and trained U.S.A. soldiers were
transported to France without the
loss of
safely
system's banks as well as serving as the Allies' purchasing agent, said to the
American Congress,
Congress
"How
are
you going
said,
to
for
pay for
it?
This
it
is
all?"
our
The American
own
wealth. This
our war to save democracy. We will win the war and then stop the armaments production." Morgan said, "You have forgotten Alexander Hamilton. The U.S. government doesn't have any money. You're going to pay
is
for
to
it all
but since you don't have any money, you're going to have
right,
borrow
it all
by taxes to pay
To finance
yers invented
me
these
war
bills.
to
raise the
money
back."
government
the Liberty
his
army of law-
With the U.S. Congress's formulating of the legislation that set up the
tax, "we the people" had, for the first time,
a little peek into the poker hands of the wealthy. But only into the amount
scheme of the annual income
of their taxable income, not into the principal wealth cards of their poker
game.
I,
billion of
monetary gold
monetary mag-
nitude greatly exceeded any previously experienced controllability of the behind-the-scenes finance power structure of the European "Allies."
World War
over,
won by
the Allies,
all
the warring countries are deeply in debt to America. Because the debt to
the U.S.A. was twice that of all the gold in the "ins' " world, all the coun-
Critical Path
84
involved in World
tries
enormous payments
War
paid
all
in debt to
all
All the monetary gold bullion paid to the U.S.A. was stored in the
new
world's
moun-
itself
it
boom
by
lowed by an early 1920s recession and another boom; then, the Great Crash
of 1929.
The reasons
Crash go back
World War
it
Most important
1917.
in
power. Gold
next,
and copper
is
Of
a close third.
Though
relatively scarce,
makes a
relating to elec-
is
in the
is
also nonsparking
is
gunpowder-packed
is
copper
bullets
the
is
and therefore
shells.
As
mined, refined, and manufactured into wire, tubing, sheet, and other end
products than in the total cumulative production of
man
all
the years of
hu-
all
all
and conductors did not go back into the mines nor did
World War
it
into gen-
rot.
driven, industrial-production
war
Niagara and other waterfalls as well as from coal and petroleum. For the
first
time the U.S.A. was generating power with oil-burning steam turbines.
When
the
war was
equipment was
still
span,
all
was so great
as to
The production
its
new
What was
industrial gianthood?
It
the U.S.A.
war
many
economy
moral
let
going to do with
in
its
this
ownership by
profiteering.
There were many desirable and useful items that could be mass-produced
Legally Piggily
85
mobiles were capital equipment. In 1920 capital equipment was sold only
for cash.
U.S.A. to
payment
The
banks would accept chattel mortgages and time payments on large mobile
capital goods, such as trucking equipment, for large, rich corporations.
their
money on such
perishable, run-
Because the banks would not finance the buying of automobiles and so
in arrears.
the affluent, a market for automobiles was opening that could support mass
production.
They
whom
uals for
indi-
striving
each
year
to
produce
an entirely
better pro-
duction tooling and build larger factories. Wall Street sold swiftly increasing
numbers of shares
in
auto companies.
a comprehensive cost
much
carry a
minimum
production prices.
perlatively excellent.
price
at
The
Any
less
latter,
production had to
fierce
competition
among Pack-
engines,
American
car. All
of those
premium
classes,
their
and oth-
own
factories.
There
The
mortality in
Street
Dodge
family,
whose
lo-
joint pro-
Critical Path
86
They named their new venture the Chrysler Company. Dillon, Read fired
the auto company presidents, who were primarily interested in new-cardesigning, and replaced them with production engineers. Wall Street followed
suit
and put
in
companies
ligation to
its
his
company
all
the auto
new game by
(1920) airbrush to
make
new dream
chanically
out
setting
all
to use the
in the
new
not me-
cars.
changes
in love
in the vicin-
of Detroit.
money
deceitfully
was replaced by
own
have
first
time-financing corporations.
it,
they'll
be sorry
to
to recover these
bankers
make
immoral
to
is
instituted their
said,
"Let them
go around trying
in default."
time.'
They
The
are just
a luxury."
What
its
power
to
to
go through the
also take
fields
it
little
easier."
in a
day equal
make
They
and
all its
buildings.
The bankers
selling of
that.
Then
there
able to
make
came
Many
The
local
Legally Piggily
87
away
their
farms and machinery. The bankers had assumed that the farms
many nonfarmers
not so
farmers had been put out of business by the bank foreclosures so they
couldn't buy back their
own
"How
War
farm, after they've seen Paree?" were the words of a popular World
I
song.
is
soil
began to blow
citi-
zens were living and working on the farms; in 1979 only 7 percent were on
the farms, mostly as local supervisors for big, absent-ownership corpora-
tions.
individual
in
later to
in President
and other
such
Lockheed and Chrysler, which as basic military suppliers the U.S. gov-
will
be asked to make "free-of-risk" bail-outs of "private" enterprises, corporations with initial physical assets
worth over a
enterprises.
We now
from
gage means "on death terms"). In 1927 and 1928 the bigger Western
city
banks began to foreclose on their local country banks that had financed the
farm machinery
sales
expanded loaning.
city
banks
and then
the successively bigger banks found that they had foreclosed on farmhouses
had no indoor
that
dition,
toilets,
many
in,
and no
customers.
Word
and
of the bad news gradually went around; small bank "runs" began;
in 1929
came
on smaller banks,
to buy. Bigger
steadily dropped.
to fore-
in
Critical Path
88
do anything
to
collapse.
pieces.
listless
around
stations
and stairways.
silently in their
were
No
filled
homes or
spirit
to
and
in public places.
religious organizations
were willing to
let
all
came
when
the denouement,
the big
New
after tak-
month
control
later
all
money. Months
The U.S.A.
legislation.
come
lost all
much
or
of
its
citizens themselves
all
money. About
ability to
and
their
that
longs to
depositors'
be-
the people and not to the few. That happened also to be the
description of socialism.
The
was
over.
The
called
It
its
uncalled bluffing
who
preferred to have their earnings and savings deposited along with the
rich.
What
What
themselves.
they had done was to capitalize their land at their self-asserted value
first
in the bank's
all
ownership.
American wealthy
vis-
amount of money
to
buy those
richly
Nobody had
housed
the almost-noth-
estates.
Church's world organization, which for a pittance acquired many extraordinary properties at that time, which
vents, colleges
it
and schools.
bluff
from
its
very be-
Legally Piggily
89
ginning
a club,
first
man on
little
a horse,
armed with
bluff-
sheep
such as yours," and the shepherd leader's ultimate coercion into accepting
"protection" from the claiming and proclaiming "owner" of the land.
ers.
The
when
to
made by
their explor-
in the
starting in
ownership
emperor-
its
as yet the world's largest real estate owner. Real, a Spanish word,
It is
means "royal"
With the
On
ica stopped.
March
estate lands.
1933, almost
all
business in
Amer-
New
is
everybody
is
clear.
like the
assumption that
equal.
feel at all
They don't like socialism, but," said the New Deal leaders, "the fact
is that we, the American people, are going to have to guarantee our own
bank accounts. People don't like to keep their money under their mattresses
equal.
and prefer
to put
into a bank, so
it
We
to
we
will
re-
We
in the
bank
that,
$5000.
hope
will
that,
alive,
many
and
of them
some percentage of
"But
let
it
becomes,
little
On
will not
know
that they
have adopted socialism, since the government has not taken 'possession' of
the banks. Society will think well of 'we the people' as the government,
guaranteeing the
new
up
to $5000."
al-
ways believed that when they put their money in the bank, it stayed there.
They had no idea it went out on loan within minutes after it came in. They
Critical Path
90
safe, fire-
in the last
proof,
little
than they did during the 1929 Crash or at the depth of the Depression in
when
1932,
all
knew was
they
had
that they
most of
them.
New
lead-
Most
mortgages on build-
The government
we must do is make those mortworth something." At this point the American gov-
said,
"The
first
thing
The
behind the arts of building ships of the sea and sky, which ships of the sea
and sky
are, in fact,
While the design of the seagoing and airgoing environment controls are
floatably
and
flyably weight-considerate
generate their
own
own
water,
etc.,
there
is
no
to float or
trolled
legal restrictions
all
fly.
highways-sewers-waterlines
They
estates'
utterly con-
all
cities.
When
money,
the government
it is
socialism.
first
mandatory
the issuance of
its
seemed was
critically
to accomplish.
Paradoxically, the
first
who were
as yet living
greatlywere yesterday's
interest
New
From 1933
if
to 1940 individual
Legally Piggily
we
got
effect,
name
"We've got
the 'best'
may
to
do what
bear.
all
We've
those mort-
gaged properties which we have inherited by loaning the new owners of the
properties funds at negative interest provided they will rehabilitate the property
reroof or put
in a
bathroom, etc."
its
intricacies, everything
New
Deal said
was going
it
to
keep
themselves going, but only can charge l/2 percent for interest." Banks were
regulated just like the Post Office.
No
The New Deal completely separated from banking what Morgan and many of the private banks had been doing taking deposit money
a postmaster.
and putting
it
into
common
New
own
buy and
or, at least,
sell
supposedly
so.
highly
initial risk
far
beyond unwise
bank
officers to
do
affairs
and of
J. P.
positions.
their privilege
own
the presi-
dent of the National City Bank, the president of Chase Bank. Every one of
own
friends short.
They were
and
New
Deal.
The banking story is best told by a poem that was, at that time, allegedly
composed by Ogden Nash but was never to my knowledge formally published and copyrighted. It was, however, memorized and widely recited
from copies often typewritten by those who remembered it:
A dandy
As
in these
democratic
demonstration of hereditary
states,
traits.
Critical Path
92
As
the
My position
of society I owe
in the structure
To the qualities
my parents
bequeathed
me
My father
He
play piano
used
to
Madam
The
in
long ago.
to boot.
to
her
cult,
Vm
thank
Bank.
Silly
to get married.
We
all
thanks
to
la,
A dear
little
farmhouse
in
old-fashioned farmer
a cozy
and
little
his
dell
daughter used
And
to dwell.
tender, she
was mild,
her sympathy was such that she was frequently with child.
By
childishly inquiring
who
my daddy
And
a traveling
man from
girls in
Mummy's
And
I took
I grew
my
to
set,
mother's morals
sure.
New
bet.
allure,
York Blankers
crust,
Trust.
etc.
My
late
Now some
his
permanent abode.
my
taint;
Legally Piggily
93
Seduction
Daddy's
is
for
sissies,
I'm a debit
a million at a time.
voters,
in these
etc.
democratic
states,
traits.
As
As
My position
owe
To the qualities
My father
He
was
was a married
I was born
in holy wedlock,
consequently by
and
invested,
deposited,
And I saved up
At
last I've
every
learned
my
I'm a self-appointed
by,
in his eye.
it
all
BACK.
CHORUS: Oh, our parents forgot
to get married.
We
all
thanks
to
la,
To accomplish
the
New
jobs)
Deal also
set
going).
economic system
Critical Path
94
Amongst
the
first
of the
New
well as
all
all
day laborers
and such.
Then, pressed by the labor unions and the
political
acteristics of socialism
WPAthe New
financed
new
Deal's
was
off
the government
It
much-needed homes
reset in
of
human environment
to
push the
New
controlling.
in the art
so strong as to be able
in the direction of
ma-
establish
maximum employment.
who alone judged
building projects, funds for the building of which they authorized as mort-
to rationalize
its
strategic acts
by arguing to
itself,
"In order to continue as a nation we must have our national defense. Since
it
is
around
we
in this world, if
is
on without
steel
life
support to go
Our
national defense
The
FDR
at
any
cost.
"So
The
The
power and
to
to
will
pay
as
wages
services,
will allow
them
to start other
(still
in use
affairs),
which works
irrigation
at a rate pro-
or-
Legally Piggily
95
and the
five cents
Corporation went
much
(in
a meal for
finest
equipment
rolling
worth of new
The U.S.A. 's Reconstruction Finance Corporation had a secondary government machinery-owning
loaned
outfit that
New
Deal did
in fact
was
fill
to socialize the
all
their
instead of the people. This hid the fact of socialism from the world in general. Socializing
way
the
just orders.
all
ment. But in the end the government rarely collected on the loans and
nally just forgave the
selling
fi-
them the
The New Deal had also pledged itself at outset to take care of the "forThe government voted minimum-wage limits of a substantial
magnitude. The economy was going again. People were getting more and
more jobs how many depended upon how many prime contracts the government gave out. World War II was clearly looming ahead. The New Deal
gotten man."
said,
"We
have to be prepared"
and
Empty
buildings
filled.
New
now been
set in healthy
Franklin Roosevelt said to the heads of the great corporations that had
not gone "bust," "Every one of you has a large surplus that you held on
We
want you
to, in fear,
in research
days,
it
ment
some of
its profits
risk-taking
privileges
ecution,
FDR
buy
itself
by investing
in the
new and
ized, so
is
better equip-
War
to
"We
won't do
that. It is
much
too
were modern-
by holding out they forced the government to take over both the
Critical Path
96
risk
of
more
new
efficient
and equipment
plants
from distribution
i.e.,
from earn-
all
lating
all
taxes.
to be deducted
This amounted, in
fact, to
all re-
also to be considered
by eliminated almost
all
needs
its
news.
went
You have
to Roosevelt
The
and
America
said,
the news-
"Your democracy
to
in
on,
"We
pay for the publications. The newspapers and magazines are only paid for
New
at that
time
hidden
in its op-
great size
about $7
Thus adver-
billion a year
in tax-calculation procedures.
to
Avenue."
all this,
It
was pure
socialism. It
no question.
The
gan's
Securities
J.
P.
Mor-
two directors from the boards of almost every one of the U.S.A. 's
great corporations
directorships
had formerly given Morgan prime control over U.S.A. industry. With the
termination of Morgan's control of
as those of U.S. Steel
all
make money
we have
to
do now
J.
P.
Morgan, and
is
to
Legally Piggily
At
97
moment
this
contradistinction
which
all
New
the now-defunct,
J. P.
What became
by
invisible
"finance
capitalism"
of
the master.
Deal
To discover how
that
came about
trial-enterprise underwriting
must be
it first
houses of Wall Street could not have been carried on without the advice,
contract-writing services, and legal planning of the world's most powerful
legal brains.
New
Street,
As
America
if
When
the
Great Crash of 1929 came and events of the Depression occurred, as already
related (and the great poker hands were called,
and the
New
ecuted the guilty and housecleaned the system and socialized the prime contractors, etc.),
it
positions taken
ments.
now
It
counseled
their surplus
all
and refuse
manage-
industrial-giants'
New
financiers' lawyers
managements
who
to guard
Deal.
Furthermore the Wall Street lawyers could see clearly what the public
couldn't see
system,
it
i.e.,
New
tus. It
was
legal
acknowledgment of their
socialized sta-
commitment on
socializing
independence by
fill
the
somewhat
U.S.S.R.
as follows:
cannot
"A
socialized system
had best
figure out
as clearly manifest
by the
how
to
we
is
no
law-
The Wall
Street lawyers
saw
clearly that
Critical Path
98
which
bankrupt despite
tirely
banking system's
its
failure.
Wall Street lawyers very informally, but very seriously, organized far-aheadin-time research-and-study teams consisting of the most astute corporation
From
they formulated a grand strategy that would keep capitalism's private enterprise alive
and prospering
The
latter's
and
ularly
World War
overthrow the
legally
New
II
Deal.
whoever
italism
New
Deal.
seized,
successfully
defended,
subservient
all
was
is
owned
It
to,
and paid
from that
land.
Land
life
ergo,
fertile fields
controlled
all
the wealth to be
own
made
metabolic produc-
tivity.
Then
private enterprise
what
to discover
could be done with mass-produced metals to multiply the value of the land-
steel, for
the
first
time
field.
To make the
fields,
cloth,
tin
became known
as "value-add-
As
already mentioned,
it
ofttimes, metal
tools,
end products.
War
pri-
metal
that
I.
all
to be es-
Legally Piggily
99
tablished around the world by the world masters of the great line of supply.
The world
line of metals-and-alloy
extraordinarily productive
all
the
as electricity.
and mining
all
Whoever owned
capitalism.
who
we
by ownership
call the
metals
Combining
the two, (1) the mines and metals-producing industry and (2) the line of sup-
we have
ply,
the world
power structure
two with
(3)
first
Combining these
suprana-
we
at
magni-
At any
War
and
I.
It
their
rate
was inherently a
war
for
the 1914-18
war was
called
World
The amount
of metal productivity of
World War
was so great
that, after
design products, the metal contained in the ever vaster amounts of obsolete
products began to come back into circulation as scrap. The scrap resources
ing to keep
my job
their
all his
"shaped" stocks.
The mining companies found that industry would not buy ingots of their
They found that they had to turn their metals into tubes, bars, sheet,
metals.
plate, wire,
italism, therefore,
industries
who were
metals-mining corporations.
Critical Path
100
"Our job
capitalists saying,
virtue of the
Morgan-emancipated managerial
is
Up
to the time of
et al.) said,
"We
tory." If the
owners
you
said,
in to
anathema
it
Morgan
make a profit out of this facnew piece of machinery," the
management
"New
make money
to the
said,
"Give us a
What
piece of machinery!
J.
P.
say,
You
Morgan-type of
"Mr. Morgan,
it
We put
Change was
would come to
are fired."
financier. Scientists
how
rusts, the
man
strategic.
World War
to make steel so
more I sell. How
my
desk
managerial capitalism.
New
his pocket
in
drawer."
late- 1930s'
solete designs.
New
New
remember the "forgotten man." Congress put a dollar cellar under the wages and
elevated worker earnings enough to produce minor affluence and security
was prospering
particularly so as the
Deal began
officially to
World War
II,
the corporations of
elected
At
'profiteers.'
to be called
sevelt,
is
"We
heads of
to
make
profits for
We
our stock-
to
initiate
our cor-
Mr. Roosevelt
to have to
You
turnover.
make up
said,
"We
all
it
was
this
dilemma,
As
a consequence of
all
the con-
Legally Piggily
101
running
$70
at first at
World War
in
Amongst
New
Deal were
all
the
produce the war tanks. With their powerful position established with the
government, the U.S.A. automobile manufacturers, on being asked to convert all of their productivity to
They had
their
last
producing
at outset of
same
at
home
until
return."
Because Germany's,
stroyed during
Italy's,
World War
II,
in
of their automobiles. That was the beginning of the end for the U.S.A.'s
prestige as the world's technological leader.
II
cars were inherently seven years passe in contrast to the smaller, faster for-
eign cars.
to
manu-
economy's transportation.
In the late 1960s the "Big Three" automobile companies of America
To hold
their distributors
re-
G.M., Ford
and Chrysler deliberately manufactured a few of their mechanically well-designed parts with inferior materials that were guaranteed to deteriorate electrolytically or otherwise.
them
for service
all
on a
high-frequency basis, at which time the distributor would replace the parts
catalogue-priced so high that the distributor was guaranteed a profitable
business. This continuing deceit of the customers
beginning of the end of the American automobile business and the oncegreat world esteem for Uncle Sam. U.S.A. discreditation has been brought
Critical Path
102
on war tasks
expendable.
all
that
sur-
II
amounts
over, the
its
youth
all
in sight. Be-
cause they were the proven "cream of the youth," no one could say they
New
college
was
Bill,
which sent
all
and
much
successful.
post- World
War
little capitalists,
land, with
with
many
shares in
IBM
and other
su-
The Wall
the
it
body
that
politic.
was experienced
in the
felt
The Wall
Street lawyers'
New
grand
strategists
saw
this as
which, up to that time, seemed impossible. The lawyers said, "Whoever can
country.
The Wall
chology of affluence and convinced him that the new affluent majority
would
elect a
publican.
capitalists,
with
a vested interest in maintaining the status quo, readily voted for Eisenhower
on the Republican
plained to
him
ticket.
that he
to
vision,
courage, and ingenuity and the productive power of American free enter-
They convinced Eisenhower that "the U.S.A. is, in fact, free enterThey also convinced him that the Democrats' New Deal was
socialism and therefore the inherent enemy of free enterprise.
prise.
prise."
Legally Piggily
As soon
instructed
103
as the
him
New
Deal.
They had him cut all price controls, all rent controls, all interest-rate controls; they had him terminate anything that was stymieing the making of big
money by
common
stocks. Before
their
italist-owned sector of the press, his Wall Street lawyer-advisors for a long
The Wall
Street lawyers'
grand
American
foreign policy of "Soviet containment," and Foster Dulles's Wall Street law-
new brand of
absolutely
enemies. So secret was their operation that the people of the United States
and
its
The CIA
of money to do X tasks. I call the
The great U.S.A. corporations, having been saved
and having
"unilaterally socialized,"
in the
in 1933
subsequent
by being only
fifteen years
become
powerfully healthy from enormous war orders, immediately after Eisenhower's election started escalating prices.
first
"upping" as
first
corpo-
would be the
and
thereby to gain for himself greater economic management status and personal wealth.
As
was on the
that issue
facts
and
my
magazine as
researchers harvested
all
the
for the
first
or any
industrial
the
amount of
electrical
energy generated by
we were doing
so
much more
had
given
Critical Path
104
less
of time per given function as to occasion ever newer, lighter, and stronger
metallic alloys, chemicals,
and
Though
electronics.
at that
time universally
used as the number-one guide to the state of economic health of any world
nation, tonnage
no longer represented
prosperity.
be-
The
ramifications of
An
my
example of
Company-advised)
financial
me
America and
my
in
World War
II.
Economic Warfare
and cables that were opened by the censor and often deciphered, and
so forth.
As
a student of patents
all
the intercept
information relating to strategic patents held by both our enemies and our
own
big corporations,
both sides
in
The East India Company, whose flag I have shown to be the origin of
ours, was a private enterprise chartered by the British. Quite clearly the
East India Company didn't lose the American Revolution. The British government lost the Revolution, and the East India Company swiftly moved
amounts of its capital into U.S. America.
With World War II over I began to watch very
large
strategic metals
was
called "the
China Bloc"
Kentucky
communism
were able
in
Personally
some
clever thieves.
think
what
it
American Congress
that
let
million
hills.
II
to persuade the
the monetary
hills.
all
Legally Piggily
105
War
After World
II,
all
international
in the
Kentucky
hills,
U.S.A., vaults. All countries outside America had gone off the gold standard. In the course of international monetary negotiating that accompanied
War
economic
bilitate
state,
II
attempts to reha-
economies of
its
was persuaded
Gold
is
all
In 1934 Roosevelt's
unbeknownst
New
money
By 1953
it
became apparent
moving the
new
five
The Wall
like the
aid,
ment of underdeveloped
The Wall
countries.
approved of the
com-
billion
had a
foreign-aid bill
if
total.
Each new
year's
money had
to be spent
pres-
through those
individ-
all
the
new
factories
can corporations moving out of America. This became a fundamental pattern: first the
followed, then
what Fortune
calls the
it is
not a
human
being. It
migration or emigration.
we
are physical
You and
is
to pass
through im-
their
not.
Critical Path
106
elsewhere.
was
It
by
far the
and
in
many U.S.A.
garages,
would develop outside of the U.S. of America. But the main obof the Wall Street lawyers was for the corporations to get out from
desires
jective
under the tax control of the American government. In 1933 the American
people had saved the corporations by subsidizing them; then, twenty years
later,
American people
to
getting the
quire gold equities while the U.S.A. citizens and small domestic businesses
could not do
Soon
so.
after Eisenhower's
clearly
same work
You must
turn
free enterprise,
and
said,
cut out
all
You must
re-
backed up by American
free enterprise.
They compete
much more
America
competing with
arsenals.
that
it
enter-
out the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and turn that over
Although much of
this transfer of
production
hower goaded on by
on
know-how
to private
field.
Those acquainted with the story of the atomic bomb development remem-
ber the
Hitler's scientists
trail.
Manhattan
$80
later as the
$80
billion appropriation
was supple-
ef-
billion for
$155
billion of the
Ameri-
The Wall
Legally Piggily
107
(1967
100)
Source
1913-1970
ol
Labor
All
1970-1979 Handbook
Items
all
controls
Statistics
liant son-in-law
and usury
New
America win the war. After the war Admiral Strauss was appointed
in
to the
1953 Eisenhower
chairman. Strauss and the Wall Street lawyers persuaded Eisenhower that
the
it,
all
sisted of
to private enterprise.
in competition
So
it
was
with capitalism
$155
work
work understood
who were
billion
but
worth
it
con-
it.
All that was necessary to correct the situation was to give contracts to
private enterprise to carry
scientists
go to work
Critical Path
108
At
Bureau of Standards'
scientists
were
in
competition
with private enterprise and must be curbed. Strauss assured Eisenhower that
the corporations would take on
tous
to wit
new
that in the
and
know-how was
technical
interest to cap-
power
monopolize
properties
all
strategic technological
and
to
dump
their
World War
II to
physical properties.
all
were sub-
do so by
to
houses
What
momen-
all
to
The post-Eisenhower
was a very
human
hired
all
the
know-how
macro, non-sensorially-tune-in-able
now
had the
Know-How
tight club.
Scientists
reality.
scientists
affairs forever.
structure
had
battle
by a few responsible
scientists to
all
science
keep
must
know-how monopoly of
many
pages of The
New
American government or
is
cities.
no way
for the
Bureau of Standards'
without learning of the significance of the information in respect to comprehensive socioeconomic evolution.
Legally Piggily
No
109
held to be insubstantial
meaning
metaphysical
list
assets.
Metaphysics
is
in Latin
i.e.,
limited physical-practice
in-
We
realities in
all
our Universe
physical
phenomena
as the exclusive
is
The
Universe
is
now concede
it
to be
eternally regenerative.
physicists have found that energy will always articulate levers elec-
waves,
etc.
its states,
The
the technical
is
Metaphysics
now
rules.
When
its
two
states.
dealings with the rest of the world on behalf of the Chinese government, he
answered that know-how was the prime commodity being acquired by the
Chinese through that bank.
I
War
II in
Japan, dealing
with their industrialists, and have personally witnessed the Japanese acquisition
dustrial
services
specific
packages of in-
administration teams of
many
II
own the physical mines of metallic ores because they had learned
how to carry on exclusively with the melting down and recirculating
need to
also
of the world's metals, particularly those poured into the Orient and Western
Pacific islands
obsolete
cades'
ergo, "scrapped"
II in the
form of now-
know-how,
all their
pre- World
War
II
Critical Path
10
know-how
II-winning U.S.A. and European Allies using their old technology became
percent of humanity
is
scientifically literate
was highly
know-how within
scientific
the scientifically
feasible.
In 1929, at the time of the Great Wall Street Crash, only about
all
less
Now,
percent
half a cen-
all
ments, other than those in which pure scientists are engaged in academic
The
that
may
oil
as
last
fossil fuels,
though coal
the atomic plants and equipment paid for originally by the U.S.A. gov-
is
in selling energy
and only
energy that they can run through a meter. They're not in the least interested
in
rich
men
love hav-
ing their sailing yachts wind-driven to Europe or the South Seas, but this
is
not for the people. People's power must be piped or wired to them only
through meters.
When
in
into gold,
1972
oil,
all
its
dollars
its
government-guaran-
teed gold equity value of $35 per ounce, the U.S.A. people's dollar buying
power plummeted
now,
in
U.S.A. dollar.
who
also sat atop the chief petroleum source of the world. In effect they
had
both the money with which to buy their petroleum and the largest reserves
to be bought. If
do
so,
which
someone wanted
to
buy
because few in the world had the monetary resources remaining with
to
do
so.
The Arabs
realized they
had no experience
in
would have
money
Legally Piggily
1 1
industrial production
own
and
in the
lands' exploigiants.
The
distribute the
thousands of
years.
that
artfully
between the
capitalist
capitalist
affairs
deliberately
aroused the Arabian peoples themselves, bringing pressure upon their leaders to take over the foreigners' operations. Since their subsequent epochal
enrichment, the Arabs' political leaders as well as the monarchs and sheiks
new
af-
and bond
found that they could expend only a fraction of their monetary wealth. The
to turn their
monetary gold
"My
"Would you
the
like
me
American banker
did,
and
The king
"Of
said,
said,
course." So
in the process
amalgamate
who have
title
to
Arabian
interac-
oil
companies control
it all.
In general they
and noncommunist Arabia are one and the same. The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries'
political differences,
trillions
It is
is
(OPEC)
oil
corporations'
of dollars of persuasiveness.
(1) the
know-how,
and
their concur-
(A) the purely physical petroleum and gold, and (B) the
Critical Path
112
exclusively metaphysical
in
demand
know-how
The
as well as scarcest.
wealth.
It
B was most
know-how wealth
who own
Moreover, those
ago assumed
also
oil, it
so invisibly large.
The
public
own
oil
that, if
knew
no government authorities
alone the
let
New
England
atomic energy plants, nor had the public or government anticipated that the
intuitive
fall
back on
its
to atomic
"ownable"
coal mines and shale for conversion into pipable and meterable liquid fuels.
It is
how
as
has
be in preventing the
full-scale
it
wisdom
now been
when
it
more of it per
gas.
trial
times and
years.
is
all fossil
cent
atmospheric gases,
life
self-
atmos-
learns,
The "greenhouse"
rise
effect
than
this concentration
expected to
an equivalent amount
in the next
twenty
of this otherwise harmless gas could send average global temperatures soaring by as
much
fifty
years according to a
phe would be
No
one knows whether the cessation of the waste radiation of atomic en-
ergy exploitation or the cessation of coal and shale conversion into fluid fuel
will
Earth.
as
humanity
do so on a sustaining
basis
(1) that,
all
(2) that
humans on
is
care of
we can do
planet Earth.
Legally Piggily
Now
113
everywhere. To start off with, neither the scientists nor the atomic plant
private-enterprise
lic
is
what
rapidly expanding
to
do with radio-
logically aroused,
cartel in
and pub-
despite billions of
propaganda campaigns to
concern generated by the Three Mile Island radiation accident and threat
of a reactor "meltdown."
Though
moment,
listening to those
who were
it
oil
stopped,
world-power-structures
(1980)
we now
struggle
call
crisis.
is
whose
and external
debt increases.
America
to
its
own
is
utterly
bankrupt externally
ever.
We
I.
oil
World War
in
New
Before World
War
we
billion
of that indebtedness
cost of
30 percent
gages. In 1934 the U.S.A. underwrote a completely obsolete building industry while
amount of money
and
real estate
in interest rates
and services*
if it
would
pay the U.S.A. back handsomely. The U.S.A. cannot even pay the annual
That
why
Nixon presidency
interest
on
and
those since have had to enter each year with a negative budget, ac-
all
its
$800
is
the
Critical Path
14
knowledging that
at year's
Our
will
be a $100 billion-magnitude
foreign-trade-balance indebtedness
is
branches of U.S.
banks are taken into account). Sum-totally, what has been taken from the
people of the U.S.A. runs into
many
trillions
world leadership,
its
sion,
its
financial credit,
None
manner by the
were following
No
al.
It
was
all
done
in
an ab-
lawyer-capitalism. Individ-
at
legally.
from the
last relevant
item that the public has tended not to remember and associate the items.
As a consequence the total picture presented here is approximately unknown to any but the Wall Street lawyers' grand strategists, most of whom
are no longer alive.
One
of
my
earliest
it I
in July 1938,
to the
Moon, written
developed
died a
gering death between 1929 and 1934. In this book, Critical Path,
often to the lawyer-resurrected "capitalism" that
henceforth to
LAWCAP. LAWCAP's
welfare-state
it is
"capitalism"
lin-
refer so
appropriate to refer
is
paradoxically the
of LAWhistorythe
the whole body of corporate stockholdershaving an
CAP's
in 1935
citizens
in all
annual average dole of $100,000 per capita without their even having to
Corporation ...
if
we
search, development,
New
if
we
to all these
companies
in pre-
aid that paid for the overseas establishment of the great corporations ...
we
if
3000-
2700
State,
.2
2400
o
2100
is
11
9
-S>
.o
1800
1500-
I
1
1200-
900-
600-
300-
-H
1920
1930
1925
1940
1935
1950
1955
1945
1970
1960
1965
h1980
1975
Year
115
Critical Path
116
by the
companies
oil
system
and
we
if
and
we
if
take the
number of
fine
CIA
banking
capitalist world's
unknown
ounces of gold
billions
to operate exclusively
on be-
sum
we multiply the
amount to which
and
if
the
is
our present U.S.A. dollars have been depreciated between the time of the
appropriations and January
of $6
trillion
1,
we come
1980,
to a figure in the
magnitude
FINCAP
LAWCAP in
and
its
"capitalist"
world and
its
left
only
its
comprehensive
fi-
With
invisibly operating
its
CIA
(Capitalism's Invisible
Army)
LAWCAP
stroy socialism.
The 1947-50
jectives: (1) to
LAWCAP
keep capitalism
from employing
in business,
World War
and
CAP's
decision to start a
own
decision to start
III
Russians
World War
LAW-
game
game
It
its
became a poker
that called for each side adding approximately $100 billion per year
amounts
trillion
to $6 trillion.
happens to be
approximately the same magnitude as that of the total mileage per year traveled by light operating at
Throughout those
$3
trillion)
was redeposited
at various
$6
trillion (that
is,
ern-world banks, and the latter continually reloaned those dollars, at historically unprecedentedly high rates, to
all
was
to convert science
armaments
industry.
The
it
more people
shorter time.
LAWCAP's
net of
its
Achilles' heel.
Legally Piggily
117
Having successfully
world's leading nation
$6
lifted
the
trillion
U.S.A. and
people
LAWCAP. The
behalf of invisible
LAWCAP
own $6
puppeted
trillion in play-
did so through
its
killingry
its
its
LAWCAP
poker hand.
LAWCAP
had
political
its
leaders convince the U.S.A. people that they were playing the poker
it
it
was
far
ahead
game
atomic
in
its
LAWCAP
of
all
toward
its
its
all
facilities,
money and
people's life-style
control
produc-
by the
it
entally delivered
off
lag
between rocket
that
meant
for the
first
away
all
blast-
lead,
get
bullets
which
to
of both sides' atomic bombs, gases, germs, and death rays be-
and
all
not seem to
their allies
know
it
would
was
so,
lose.
Eisenhower Geneva Meeting of 1955 that atomic bomb warfare would never
occur that is the way the U.S.S.R. played their poker hand. They assumed
counted on conventional arms, vast divisions of armed and trained men, and
the greatest ever of world history's line-of-world-supply-controlling navies.
The
seventy knots
Critical Path
118
than could the surface-battling, forty- to fifty-knot aircraft carriers. This the
U.S.S.R. assessed to be the world-winning strategy.
The reason
LAWCAP's
that
LAWCAP
wanted
bomb
strategy kibitzed
its
War
Ill's
was so ad-
its
its scientific
fossil fuels
were
exhausted.
LAWCAP's
cupidity outwitted
its
U.S.A.
wisdom.
They
LAWCAP's
sense of evolu-
minimum
U.S.A. a
itself
so that
it
could in any
its
vastly
pabilities.
In the
pletely
meantime
trillion dollars
at a
as already
bankrupt internally,
and
its
its
national indebtedness
coming very
LAWCAP's
obtain almost half its petroleum energy from the Near East.
for eight years past been unable to
close to
worsening
interest
on
internal debt
CAP
how
can
LAW-
Unless
long
killingry
In one
and
maritime, aero-
astronautical.
way
much
the
same
so-
cioeconomic position. The Communist party which runs the U.S.S.R. consists
of about
same
percent,
who
are the
LAWCAP
is
strategists
The U.S.A. is not run by its would-be "democratic" government. All the
can do is try to adjust to the initiatives already taken by LAWCAP's
great corporations. Nothing could be more pathetic than the role that has
latter
Legally Piggily
119
to be played
States,
whose power
is
approxi-
mately zero. Nevertheless, the news media and most over-thirty-years-ofage U.S.A. citizens carry on as
is
if
adjust to
has already done. They are riding on the snapping end of the power-structure dragon's
If
tail.
would have
for a half-century
to be very pessimistic
at
on the assump-
moment
human affairs
about
now about
the
this
out
tainingly successful
"How
all
about.
do so
let
to
do so"
for all
and that
disciplines
am
talking
is
came to discover
that came naturally
ner in which
survival
know what
to
man-
grand strategy of
self-
human
in
Cosmic costing
general.
ac-
counts as well for the parts played gravitationally and radiationally in the
totality within
secreted.
its
games being
utterly ludicrous
reverentially played
by radiation to Earth
in
is
it
trying
ly
responsibilities for
which
it
was designed.
quentially of
its
fruit.
When
Universe
So poor
is
all
is
humans of the
infinite
poten-
Critical Path
120
tial
triviality
of
is
planets. In
ronments
organisms
in Universe.
human
The
first
be the serious introduction of cosmic costing into the mainstream deliberations of Earthians.
hoard or withdraw
Withdrawal of
stars
from the
totality,
may
capital assets
is
and flooding)
atom and
electron
is
an
essential
pulsative Universe.
validity of bank-
ergo, totally
lo-
PART II
CHAPTER 4
Self-Disciplines of
Buckminster Fuller
My
"Darling, never
I was fifteen.
mind what you think.
Listen.
We
you!"
My
mother said
of any kind
it.
to be a process that
why we have
2.
schoolteachers said
is
it.
it.
reliable process
self
My
was considered
to be
is
an utterly un-
youth.
as thy
3.
As we became
older and
life
for a comfortable
a comfortable
to cau-
life
for them,
life
is
let
is
alone
of the opportunity to survive and the sooner, the better. Your grandmother's
4.
to
Golden Rule
Knowing
is
that
beautiful, but
my
seemed
The
to
me
"the
mother and
my own
game of life"
it
by
doesn't work."
relatives loved
me,
did
my
best not
you would
others.
5. Along came World War I. I did well in the Navy. I didn't have to
"make money" with my ships. But when I entered the business world and
123
Critical Path
124
had to make money over and above producing a good product, or when it
had to be myself or somebody else who was to survive in the system, I was
a spontaneous failure.
would
that
yield.
6.
giftie gie
"Oh wad
sought to
"see" myself as others might and to integrate that other self with
my
self-
seen self and thereafter to deal as objectively as possible with the comprehensively integrated
self.
One
of the techniques
categorical
record of my
and as yet
consisted,
sketches,
In 1917
etc.,
was
my
bills.
named
consists, of all
memoranda, doodles,
this
activities.
infantile paralysis
developed
factories for
cessfully erected
and
lost
my
incidentally with
legra,
7.
240
friends' investments
was born
my
failed to
do so
profitably
Co-
penniless.
in pristine health.
ness world,
my
scientific
what
if
anything
a healthy
newborn
child, starting
moving undesirable
and
8.
all
restraints
In 1927
also
all
committed
vantages of
all
my
the
same time
initiatives
re-
of any
its
my
lives, at
planet Earth.
vantage
human
dependents, myself,
my
my
country,
and ad-
my
team.
Self-Disciplines
of Buckminster Fuller
125
This decision was not taken on a recklessly altruistic do-gooder basis, but
in
first
advantage wealth
which
my
had been
life-
and accommo-
dated
I
my
life I
was doing so
and not
for myself.
Further Chronofile observation showed that the larger the number for
whom
vious that
mally
9.
effective I
if I
became. Thus
it
became ob-
would be
opti-
effective.
my own
sought to do
thinking, confining
my own
to articulate
commodate everyone
opinions,
else's
10.
to only experientially
it
own
had
in
my
credos,
earlier
educational
theories,
ro-
life.
such a manner that the advantage attained for anyone would never be
in
11.
and
afflictions
volved,
solve
all
humanly unfavorable
conditions, customs,
in-
all
fective as to
much more
to
ef-
life-styles
must never
my
nology could
by
or disproven.
social reforms.
alter its
points.
12.
to
for
pay others to do
so. I
must never
personnel
who would
solicit
hire
literary,
my
ideas or artifacts or
my
Critical Path
126
human
13.
new
own unique
its
biological
my
inven-
affairs.
component of
ecological intersupport,
human
inter-
advantaging.
14.
sought to develop
my
artifacts
would be ready
for use
realized that
human-advantage
if
the
new
tools
had devel-
would
dictate the
my
15.
16.
mistakes.
17.
sought to document
my
development
hu-
18.
Above
all I
erative Universe
humanity's fulfillment of
19.
its
would bene-
cosmic scheme.
interalloyabilities,
and economic
all
full
gamut of production
data, as well as to
comprehend the
logistics
and
vital statistics
its
all-history
of Buckminster Fuller
Self-Disciplines
20. I
sis
127
of intuition.
21.
oriented what
my
called
cause the
new
new
life
born within
to be
lives
sci-
reflexes that
might otherwise blind them to the potential advantages newly existent with-
in the
ginning
As
in
life.
already mentioned, our second child, Allegra, was born in 1927. Five
sister,
ing gone through four years of spinal meningitis and infantile paralysis.
Allegra's birth
wife
ment
I
backed by many of
only were
we
of a beautifully healthy
friends. I
life.
At
my
event, for
my
mo-
discredited.
had been
financially
me
Earth problems
that
would
advantage to
find all
humanity
It
successfully solved,
humanity; problems
all
with no time
porations had to
The
would bring
would
at ever-increasing disadvantage.
jobs.
if
its
state,
and
for total
make good
politicians, too,
was
local business-survival
state,
me
to
that there
and philosophic
own economic
initiative.
All the world was preoccupied with intercompetitive survival, being spon-
damental inadequacy of
said,
like
life
Critical Path
128
support. We
What my
are the
experience taught
me was
that
if
employed
in the
all
intelligently
humanity
invested,
would be
it
me
that
if
fearlessly
feasible to
success.
and
take care of
life
to survive."
fittest
an individual
who had
it
seemed clear
marketing, aeronautics, vessels on the sea, building on the land, mass manufacturing arts, and naval ballistics,
who
then
if
economic success
of humanity, then,
life
that individual
if
commit-
priority of
to
self
plished.
personal record
is
pretty
much
the
same
am
who
found that
it
named
and a tech-
it
others
same manner.
life
and
my
twenty-twofor-
life
life
ing the
the
tified
who undertook
nically effective
in 1917
my
chose to steer upon the birth of Allegra in 1927. The fact that the
individual
As
confident of
course
am
i.e.,
document-
the year
having
his boy-
hood around the turn of the century, and maturing during humanity's
ep-
Self- Disciplines
of Buckminster Fuller
29
ochal graduation from the nineteenth century, which closed Sir Isaac
at rest" and myriadly isolated hybrid world cultures
which change was anathema, into the twentieth century and Einstein's
normally "dynamic," omni-integrating world culture to which change has
Newton's "normally
to
I first
that
come
licenses
any
rare an
saw one.
I first
and owners'
reg-
later.
When
one
new and
so
cade
flying until I
did not
fly
one
until
was twenty-
first
human-
voice conversation over the radio. Earlier in that extraordinary year the
War
I; I
The cumulative
"first-ever" (for
effect
Pig
B" ("B"
for
Bucky) the
like
first
pre-
"Guinea
Chronofile.
my
Hawk juveniles
I,
too,
had
tried
to-earth negatives,
is
my
and 2000-mile-per-hour
planes are beginning to take on the overall shape perfection of those early
My
of
new
tools
oil-burning
my
War
galaxy
convinced me
more duplicate
was convinced
that,
unannounced
my
my
expense accounts, or
letters
had read
and
their diaries,
Critical Path
130
and 1760,
respectively.
They
all
which opened
Cambridge
to
my
in
harbinger of an entirely
streets in
new space-time
Boston
in seven minutes,
was a
and
the environment.
It
was
clearly the
Humans
human
realize
genes,
many
alter
Using
their
hands
human
tool complexes,
human
minds, compre-
invent detached-from-self
the bucket can out more water from the well than can a pair of
cupped human handsthat are more
but not used as
tools
lift
special-case-effective
Humans
The latter are all the tools that cannot be invented or operated by one human. The first industrial tool was the spoken word. With
words humans compounded their experience-won knowledge. (Most indusindustrial tools.
trial tools
human
muscle.)
Automobiles are
ings are
complex
little
tools.
the
word
complex of world-embracing
tools with-
industrialization. I use
artifacts, its
its
support-producing capability.
I
industrialization
by identifying
it
as
do not
"cow" and
its
ecological
is
litical
and personal
profit.
Industrialization's productivity
is
employed
directly
busi-
ness-profit-motivation.
Life continually alters the environment,
realities,
and challenges of
life.
in
Environment em-
industrialization.
Self- Disciplines
of Buckminster Fuller
its
class of
1913 freshman
700 had only three automobile-owning memone of whom was Ray Stanley, whose father
start,
it
at
humans in general might sometime acquire autotime I have owned successively forty-three automobiles,
enough
in various places to
in ten different
U.S.A.
many
others,
my own
planes.
craft in the
My total travel,
by land,
sea,
and
aggregates
air,
more than
me
them
efficient to rent
record.
sitting in airport
parking
It is fairly
Consequently
lots.
I
owned. This
is
has takit
more
in
no wise a unique
my work
lion
economical and
leave
United
Navy.
States
en
states. I
my
have had
responsibilities
Pan American Airways pilot. Every asaway from Earth has traveled over three and
which
is
In 1900 no
man
my
In 1980 there
now moves
land,
my
no longer
affairs
of
valid dissent
humans on
is
Whether
in
Maine.
am
little
at
Earth.
The
My present
my
New
York
City), as
miles per hour, while at the same time our solar system rotates in
merry-go-round
human
from the
life-
my
its
nebular
none of which
In
all reality I
sively bigger
My backyard
Critical Path
132
sensible questions.
"I don't
"At present
know what
cialization. I
am
am.
not a thing
seem
flesh
that
a noun.
came my
am
know
air,
I
I
food,
to be verbs
evolutionary
processes.
Are we not
integral functions of
the Universe?"
human
mulated
of, initially
first
Uni-
circa 1600
But the
conceived
life in
his-
until
human
sociology
intuitively hailed
it
as
as doing
Discussion of "acceleration" in economic, sociologic, and ecologic evolution did not begin in the intellectual publications until
later.
my
1922-1927
dis-
covery that ever higher tool performance per unit of pounds, time, and energy input (as metallurgical and electronic fallout from the weaponry
industries into the domestic
more
resulting sum-totally
less
energy ex-
when
and produc-
when
government-
tion-tooled
"new
factories"
all
their
War
I's
time per each unit of performance strategy employed in designing ships (en-
vironment controls) of the sea and sky for the military, the dry-land building
economy had
theretofore
the
less
heavier, higher,
first
of Buckminster Fuller
Self-Disciplines
allurgy, chemistry,
133
sea
manity
multiplying
is
numbers
its
me
to put in
which
it
it
seemed to
all
all
eco-political
me
that
could come
become both
it
of humanity might
physically
There
is
more with
less.
but the idea that you could go from wire to wireless or from visible structuring to invisible alloy structuring did not occur to
side their point of view
beyond
my
In
Moon,
to the
Economists are
my
ephemeralization in
its
was out-
at all. It
alization.
them
also published
my
ephemer-
1922 concept of
man-
ner,
vancements
in the
humans, ephemeralization
known
to or overlooked
is
phenomenon
that in 1980
is
less,
now
elevated 60 percent of
all
humanity from
its
watch
Sailors
may
give to
coming events
The
sailor's
cloud
etc.
To
subconscious as
the subsequently
intuiting
realized
epochal significance
daily
life
document
its
Only
of accelerating
decided in 1917 to
sci-
qualified for
of ether.
for-
survive,
may be a better word. However, it is disfounded on the no longer physically accepted concept
etherealization
is
Critical Path
134
My
As
ion Chronofile.
The
important regenerative
first
effect
me
humanly
it is
One
myself
learned to "see
letters in all.
upon me of keeping
see me.
persuaded
it
a decade
my
life
after inception
basic tenet of
my new
methods
my
father died,
meant that
in
my
became
my
dilemmas, for
fulfill.
attempting to keep
in
inadvertently involved
my
most
was
influential
had impro-
assume
to
at the cost of
me when
"first life" I
my
whose story
ical,
as
found
"anew"
as nearly
possible to do.
this active
as others might
vised
Dymax-
my
responsibilities
my
"first life," I
beyond
me
my
into
assumption of responsibilities
phys-
complex
legal,
into prepos-
In inaugurating
my new
life I
made him
and
substitute
industrialization's
staff,
microscopes, calcu-
scientific textbooks,
network of tooling
in gen-
did
"promote" or
"sell" him. It
if
the
new
"new" Robin Hood developed could provide valid human-advantaging increases, they would inevitably be adopted by society during the successive,
inexorable economic emergencies
which
clippings
could
etc., in
have kept
which
all
the tearsheets of
my work
was reported.
my
hands by
my own
Most of the
discovery or as a conse-
about
now
me
or
my
work.
It
in the last
and
TV
me
or
my
Self-Disciplines
ing in 1979 at
of Buckminster Fuller
for
135
an annual
is
er, it
is
annum
a curve of
New
York
valleys. Altogeth-
its
nose
curve
an
initially long,
more
swiftly. It is
almost
an ac-
celerating-acceleration curve.
The
my Navy
days;
my
1918 publication of
50
45
40
35
J?
30
500
400
300
.1
(5
25 -
I'
-
20 15
I
?
CO
- 100
10
5
200
,-
1920
nAA-'TVi
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
YEAR
New
York Times
1980
I
5'
Critical Path
136
my
Bathroom;
to the
Industrial
Company
World Map,
March
in
Domes;
sic
my
U.S.A.
Underground
my
Moscow
Dome; my U.S.A.
Pavilion
my
my
1969 World
Illinois University,
Human
Sci-
Trends and
Games
Needs;
Silo Library;
Warning system;
my
1930-Dymaxion Sky-Ocean
first
New York
University;
my
completely engineered (but never built) for Matsutaro Shoriki, late own-
er
Yomiuri Shimbun
Japan's
Man
Territory
1960-73 "World
my
self;
ergetics,
Academy
my
volumes
and
2; scientific
my-
my
work with discoveries at various levels of the microcosmic structuring of naand most latterly to a general admixture of editorial realizations that
ture;
my
philosophy that
total unified
unfolding historical
my
later items
fifty-year
by others
relate clearly to
to
all relate
to a
as comprehensively pertinent to
reality.
The preponderance of
philosophy, to
now emerges
when
say
is
my
my
general
world-envi-
we have been
am
our
intellects
integrity
I
and active
initiatives plus
our innate,
politically transcendental
faithful to
my
capabilities.
and I assure any who may be intermany unflattering items, such as notices from
from those who thought me to be a crank, crook, char-
ested that
my
files
am
include as
Self-Disciplin es
best of
my
137
inter-
preted.
Because
my
hensive record,
am now
able to
comment
When my
am
am
objectively regarding
more
usually
my
sub-
critically incisive
subject
procrastinating,
is
am
being effective,
sad.
as deliberately
document
my
that
but
many
My
1961
1982
now
as contained in
my
present prognosticating.
Timelock by the
Possibly a
in the
1927 assumptions
My
Lama
more
are tending
to be far
my 4-D monograph
Foundation
more spontaneous-
of 1928 (reissued as
is
4D
in 1972).
the acceleration
my
work. Books
and
filtering,
than
It
is
the curve of
me
or
my work
is
accelerating even
my
more
swiftly
work.
has been an expensive and often cumbersome task to keep the records
and to hold together the archives that document the half-century history of
this
may
commit themselves
it
to nature's precession-
al principles.
or of
me
life
of an individual and
my
my
1927
are cog-
Critical Path
138
within
my
plines,
eighty-five years,
In 1927
to
do
to
so.
individuals that
as conceived
and
initiated
all
by business corporations,
how pow-
and physical
all
I set
my
me most
human
half-century of
last
be.
conceptual metaphysics,
faculties,
in-
As
initiated
was evident
it
to
me
that
within the extant world-around, socioeconomic milieu, the physical resources essential to the reduction to physical realization and production of
the individual's invented artifacts could only be legally acquired in three
ways.
1.
leaders that
my
first
first
list
economic precession"
which
I will
my
on "socio-
an em-
my
knowledge of
the
machines
ular
me that
when production of
the
resources essential to their manufacture had been adequately supplied to inherently prior tasks in the sound organization of their industrial economy,
would
(if
known
ergo,
my
1927 decision to
carry out their research and development in the U.S.A., where technological
evolution permitted such an initiation, was valid.
2.
of realizing
my
technological artifacts by
first
diametrically opposed to
3.
my
services.
This brought
me
once more
in
to the
Figure 20.
number-one
Model
of the
139
strategic question:
how
could the
that the invented artifacts not only could be practically realized but that
their use
cial
would
and
so-
that
could be manipulated, for instance, through the Federal Reserve Bank and
its
control of
its
member
many
money
of
Critical Path
140
it
ideologies
litical
inadequacy of
life
as
it is
even today
that there
is
an
earlier
vast millions of
also universally
damental inadequacy
ideological group
all
in
each
is fittest
fittest"
had given
his-
this fun-
by periodic
trial
of arms.
Politicians' effectiveness
is
who
no sustainable equilibrium
in a 100-percent
as yet increasing
i.e.,
is
the brightness of
less,
the one
whose "star"
moment
way
is
is
The same
out."
is
true
pany
No
matter
how
augment personal
altruistic a public
authority.
own
se-
own
financial credit.
own
Whether public
kudos-building or -mainte-
nance requires that both the politicians and corporate executives forever be
attempting to favorably reform the viewpoints of others regarding their particular organizations.
ganization
commanded by
acquire.
politicians',
took in 1927
i.e.,
motor
hicles to drive on, instead of trying to reform the vehicle drivers' behaviors.
I
effective
scientific
human
knowl-
life-improving
results with ever less investment of weight of materials, ergs of energy, sec-
was hopeful of
finally
doing so
level of
much
improved
with so
little
artifact
as to
performance.
implement com-
all
humanity,
thereby to eliminate the need for lethally biased politics and their ultimate
recourse to hot or cold warring.
Self- Disciplines
of Buckminster Fuller
141
Figure 21
and
How do you
tools with
money
obtain the
which
to
to live with
and
work?
The answer was "precession." What precession is, and why it was the ansome explaining.
When we pull away from one another the opposite rigid-disc ends of a
swer, requires
flexible, water-filled
When we
push toward one another on the two opposite ends of the same
When we
drop a stone
moves outwardly
stone-dropping
wave
is
generated that
FlGURE 22.
(at nine-
Critical Path
142
ty degrees) a vertical
wave
is
the effect
are both
in
is
at ninety degrees
orbit
at a right angle
i.e.,
in
to the direction
The
successful regeneration of
life
cally
vidual-survival preoccupations
grammed
the
is
ecologi-
right-angled
programmed
of honey. Seemingly
tail's
indi-
bum-
lin-
ear axis and flight path), whereafter the bees' further bumbling entries into
off,
pollenizes,
and
cross-fertilizes those
do
all
all
so, too,
Humans,
as honey-money-seeking bees,
initially
Humans
of weaponry
later
used to
make
steel into
farm
group-fear-mandated acquisition
with-so-much-less material,
cal task
is
in politically organized,
have
accomplished as
effort,
now
>
Figure 23.
Self-Disciplines
of Buckminster Fuller
V,
Sun
~*
143
<
Eartn
Figure 24.
weaponry
all
all
humanity, which
At
was designed
to
B"
after
an
initially
in
Universe, a function
it
innocent by-trial-and-error-discovered
initial
programmed
and curiosity
to
to operate successfully
what humans
main
my
main
effects. I
as "side ef-
effects" as
prime objective.
So preoccupied with
its
tercomplementation of
all
is
with nature's geological and meteorological transformation recyclings. Society discovered ecology only
profitable
when
its
main
effects
its
as-yet-realistically-unresponded-
ergo, of precession. It
is
a safe guess
Critical Path
144
that not
in 10 million
is
reasoned that
if
realization of
might
commitment and
precessional
insights into
toward
realistically
all
cessionally
if
their dependents
and expeditious
direct, efficient,
and
be,
else
was trying
be done.
to
to
Precession
It
humans
it
successful in support
if I
developments that
successful development,
provided
efforts,
means of
it
in fact did
my
so doing. Nature
was
efficient technical
ergo,
my
in-
re-
artifacts. I
realization of
it
does.
in-
Because
was a reasonably
realistic possibility
nor
knowledge
human who
could
my decision so to
my work as it pro-
ceeded
I
my
my
resolved to adopt
to tell
me what
to
do
to evaluate
next.
logistics consist
govern
degrees
all
human
to
the
direction
of their
interattractions
attractively
and
all
orbiting
dominant neighbors,
as
at ninety
elliptically
do also
gal-
dust particles, unattached molecules, atoms, and the electrons within the
of Buckminster Fuller
Self-Disciplines
145
moment.
New-
second-power
product of the masses of any two considered bodies. All of the foregoing
evolutionary
intertransformings
observed
changing interdominances.
I
my work
until I
and
doing what
vice versa, in
would
which
its
Wherefore,
went along.
find
it
in
If I
promising
my work being
viding for
as
was doing
if I
econom-
must quick-
signified her
approval of by pro-
physical support.
concluded that
in the following
if I
proceeded
manner:
my
wife,
and our
and demonstration of
artifact
accommodation of the
(B)
nomic system,
(C)
found
my
yet
family's
and
my own
life's
ed for by seemingly pure happenstance and always only "in the nick
of time," and
(F)
and did so
only so long as
listen to
alter its
me and
so to do, and
if I
artifacts others
were devel-
then
my
human
directly in the
"mainstream" realization of
tion,
valid:
essential
cosmic regenera-
Critical Path
146
and
haviors does govern socioeconomic behaviors as do also the generalized laws of acceleration
The 1927
and ephemeralization.
precessional assumptions
stantiated by experiences
to happen.
be-
came ever more convinced that I must go on developing artifacts that would
make possible humanity's successful accomplishment of survival activities
so much more logically and efficiently as to render the older, less efficient
ways
to be spontaneously
abandoned by humanity.
myself to evolving
and cultivating
ways
ficient
that,
abandoned by
much
it,
would accomplish
that
tools
easier,
more
pleasant,
the undesirable
and more
ef-
ways would be
itive,
tasks to be performed.
What was
deliberately adopted
life
testing,
and demonstration
on our
artifacts
maximum
its
was a
reliance
and course
by
all
As
employed
seas, I
in sailing
fold
my
inventions,
me
to be strategically im-
economically relevant countries around the world. This has cost three-
any and
all
fol-
lowing reasons:
membership
in
any
scientific
scientific societies
degrees
my
147
found that
The preamble
filing
of patent claims
discoveries
and inven-
torically enlightening.
Of necessity
and
his-
means of practical
to the technological
The worth of a
my
patent, however,
is
its
Almost anyone can obtain a patent from the patent office. What history has
shown to be socioeconomically important is whether those claims can survive in the highest court trials of patent-infringement cases. Vast knowledge
is
now
air-deliver their
inventions into any other country within less than a week, in contradistinction to a six-month water-delivery lag in 1900). This world-around patent
was $30,000
(it
In every instance
knowledged
cific
to be the
category of
From time
my
in the spe-
type of inventions.
first
obtained a patent,
more than 100 of the world's most powerful corpoupon my patent attorneys to obtain a license under one
more of my
or
ment
to
my
patents. In every
to
his state-
me
do was
to find a
way
"Of
course, the
first
thing
my
client
asked
if
was forced
to advise
my
client to
in-
vention's manufacture without exposing himself to almost certainly devastating infringement expense."
now makes
its
major
truths.
profits out of
The
first is
know-how,
is
that
deliberately steals
if I
which
know-how
patents,
you would probably never have heard of me nor would you have learned
Critical Path
148
My
test-case individual
what
and
as the half-century
I,
to accomplish.
lags existing
egories,
which occur as
five years;
ings
the
little
in inventing
automobiles
twenty-five
two
single-family dwellings
follows: in electronics
ten
years;
years; railroading
aerodynamics
years;
in the
my
inven-
which
tions the gestation lags have been far greater than the seventeen-year
span of patents
life-
took out
many
was
it
in the field of
economic problems
In 1927 the
existed.
American
felt
to be
it
included electric
gle-family dwelling
of
its
inventoried
its
Concerned with
etc.
floor area,
its
weight, including
all
of
its
accelerating
optimum
sin-
and wired
my
all
and then
calculated
plumbing
complete
its
It
weighed
150 tons.
etc., I
facilities
My
we
to those of
all logical
fact that
pro-
proved seventeen
in Wichita,
way
AIA's optimum
aeronautical-engineering-counterpart sin-
ments,
Kansas.
This three-ton to 150-ton (/50 th) weight ratio of the difference between the
technical capabilities of the aircraft versus the home-building arts clearly
my
much
with so
little
that
we could
all
humanity
at
of Buckminster Fuller
Self- Disciplines
149
me"
my
of
would
existence,
now
focused
all
my
life
human
livingry.
Most of my inventions have come into public use long after my relevant
Some of them have not yet come into public use
but will do so
fifty
me
since
document and
to
little
my
For instance,
mass production
in
as
now
in
planned, with
aluminum prototypes
at the
1937-38, having
first
all
of
riod in the
home-improvements
art.
now about
to be
made
self-cleaning device
obsolete by the
and
my
effectiveness of
my
fog-gun
chanically-carried-away-and-packaged
inate all
German
combined
toilet device,
water and water-borne wastes. The amount of water needed by the fog gun
is less
than a pint per day per family. All water for our advanced dwelling
machine
will
in quantities equal to
milk and
fruit
juice consumption.
Now
that
political
advantage-making,
do
my
best to dis-
courage others from taking patents, which almost never "pay off" to the
ventor.
effective
My
employment of humanity's
aggrandize
failed
potentials.
certain that
if I
in-
makes me
feel
self, I
when committed
primarily to self-advantaging.
only-to-self-committed individuals
who lament
Critical Path
150
that others are trying to steal their inventions, wherefore they don't dare to
disclose to anyone, while perversely yearning to profit
unknown
vention "idea"
by what to them
same
is
in-
exist.
come
an arduous but
is
inspi-
nomic trends
We
mans.
is
propellor, the
growth of a
we can
do not
tree,
stars,
Humans
movement of
way of
that
the electromagnetic spectrum, most of the frequencies and motions of Universe are ultra or infra to man's sensorial tunability.
my
vinced that
particularly
them
in prognosticating
number of coming
events,
when
me to be inevitable.
Much that I see to
be inevitable
is
it
toward
backs up into
its
future, often
bumping
its
rump
and the
My
its
recitation of self-disciplines
may
suggest that
it,
all I
whereas the
circumstances beyond
my
my
Throughout the
my
life
pattern
first
in
carry on the
friends
daughter
in not
my
to
pre-
intentions, while
re-
my
which
do was
half of
work
to
me
It
effective degree.
of severe reorientation
my
my
had
fact is that
intended self-disciplines.
of
ecological evolution
from
its
own
its
uncom-
painfully but
for
needed material,
tools,
me
by some
my
to
and mon-
wife's family
friend,
and
wife and
would from
and
for the
Self-Disciplines
moment
of Buckminster Fuller
go wrong
these friends
all
my
relieved
jumped
off the
vanced
artifacts produced with the most adand technological means. Then everything would go
scientific
smoothly again.
By and
whom
large
ment of the
tively
seem
to have
errors
set
effec-
assumptions.
I
than what
am
my
and the
life
am
What
is
important
is
anything other
all
the attendant
human
There
ment
is
that
made
before developing
and commitments,
all
my
already-recounted disciplines
whereby
my
implemen-
tation of all
my
artifact-inventing
family
latter to physical
demonstration.
it
first in
this all-important
my
life
olutions
and
commitment
pattern however,
all
it is
to the last. If
self-discipline.
do
my own
experiential evidence.
that
me
to
the outset of
my
re-
At
had any
intellect
direct experiences in
life
that
made me
my
good education
in the sciences
Critical Path
152
and
my
ical
laws
such as the
as the second
which laws
which
isting
in
None
were
ergo, they
Many
all
were interaugmentative.
said that
when we use
we immediately
distinction to randomness,
word
the
infer
an
also
design in contra-
out
ways
ergo,
human mind
mathemat-
is
also
said to myself,
am
omnicomprehen-
call
and
tegrity,
it
will
we may
in
this in-
and omnipotence.
At
the time
in 1927, the
with
its
resolved to do only
my own
to be accomplished. Realizing
Communist
all their
it
Communist party
Communist party
there
is
no
God
also thenceforth
ergo, Russia,
committed
in
would be disastrous
such,
for instance, as
which
is
utterly pragmatic,
proved that
to atheism.
Many
intellectuals
Sense
and Galileo,
whom
the
Roman
Catholic
more committed
to the nonanthro-
Self- Disciplines
of Buckminster Fuller
153
pomorphic cosmic God than were the individuals heading the formal
reli-
gious organizations.
I call
am
going to sleep,
always concentrate
my
think-
whose names we
will
never know.
My
and thoughtful
latest rethinking
of
it
fol-
lows.
I
am
dated
my
all possibilities
To be satisfactory
to science
all definitions
must be stated
terms of experience.
in
I define Universe as
all
of humanity's
in-all-known-time
consciously apprehended
and communicated
experiences.
am
consciously employing
Firstly
I mean:
incisive,
to
be forever unanswerable
Critical Path
154
wherefore I
now assume
it
be
to
scientifically manifest,
and
scientifically explainable
answers
will
eventually be given
to all questions
as engendered in all
by the sum
human
thoughts
total
wherefore
is:
explained
or explainable answers
to all questions
of all time
Secondly I mean:
be existent
amongst a number
of what had previously seemed
to
be
total
comprehension
meaning
of all experiences.
Thirdly,
I mean:
indisputably manifest as
the only mathematically statable
family
of generalized principles
Self-Disciplin es
cosmic laws
and
and
codified
by
scientists
to
but to be
in eternal,
om n i-in terconsiderate,
omni-interaccommodative governance
of the complex
of everyday, naked-eye experiences
as well as of the multi-millions-fold greater range
and ultra-tunable
micro- and macro-Universe
infra-
Fourthly,
I mean:
events.
human
experience,
individually limited
to
almost negligible
"Our
God-
Since omni-experience
is
overwhelming manifest:
your
identity
responsibility
wisdom and
to
cope
effectiveness
55
Critical Path
156
and of Your
and
events
so to do
Dear God,
Yours,
is
the only
and complete
glory.
By Glory / mean
the synergetic totality
whose synergetic
totality
always
less effective
Radiation
radiation
is
plural
and
differentiable,
ergo,
and
Gravity
is
unit
Gravity
is
comprehensive
inclusively
is
all
is
undifferentiable
non-focusable
and
and self-sinusing,
and biasable
and vulnerabilities;
focusable, beamable,
is
is interceptible, separatist,
and
shadowless,
omni-integrative;
of which
characteristics
of gravity
Love
is
You,
Dear God,
metaphysical gravity.
and
and thereby
to the
157
irrefutably proving
uncompromising
satisfaction
incisive
involvements,
and
side effects;
and does
absolutely guarantee
total conservation
of the
integrity
the
minimum complex
of totally intercomplementary
totally intertransforming
and
differently
enduring
feedback closures
of a finite
but nonunitarily
which naught
is
created
and
total feedback
minimum and
only
is
the one
and only
wisdom.
trust in You,
Critical Path
158
awe-inspired ly,
ail-thankfully,
rejoicingly,
lovingly,
Amen.
It is
think
it is
my
to
its reliability.
Mathematics are
mathematically demonstrable
any
That principle
E = mc
manifest in
is
unimpeded
rate
mension grows
power
initial
(L/R)
rate
and
volume
its
at a
third-power
rate.
grows
steel
di-
at a second-
needle with an
of .08333 of an inch.
is
The
volume
its
much
less
ergo,
its
weight
The
three-inch
weight being
its
To demonstrate frequency
not put
my
finger
in
timed to
pure principle
fire bullets
it
before
it
reflex
it
back
fast.
air-
can-
might get
my
My
finger
means very high frequency present in pure principle. I can see through my
glasses because light moving through only one way at 186,000 m.p.s. has
ample time to avoid the frequency of interference events occurring locally
in
pure principle.
There are no
solids.
There are no
things.
noninterfering patterns operative in pure principle, and principles are eternal. Principles
Self-Disciplin es
in noninterfering
is
integrity of eter-
Mind, and mind alone, deals with understanding the interrelationships exbetween and not
isting only
any one
in
by
itself.
tween
specific principles.
God may
ships of
all
The
total
mysterious to
know
never will
in
is
pure principle
is
utterly
we do not
and
the principles.
all
principles
is
because as humans
us,
all
continually testing
its
all
synergies of
to
all
principles
accommodate
all
challenges in pure principle to the maintenance in pure principle of the principle of nonsimultaneous, only-overlappingly-affected,
complex
unity's eter-
nal regeneration.
may
the introduction into Universe of humans, in pure principle, with minds op-
undertaken by
God
some of the
eternal principles,
was courageously
to discover
dichotomy of
and
their
to
but not of
all
the eternal principles. This was an experiment in pure principle to test the
of
humans
and
wisdom accruing
getically only to
knowledge of
all
the principles
of
God
That
is
Prayer."
think
or of
what
It is also
it is
all
needs to
am
what
to
syner-
know by
may
experimental evidence.
am
of the foregoing
that
makes the
of
parts
Critical Path
160
case information progressively apprehended in pure principle by the separate senses operating in pure mathematical-frequency principle. Brain then
sorts out the information to describe
acteristics, storing
them
in the
and
memory bank
system
integrities
to discover principles.
minds discover
them
principles
as principle.
testing
Once
in a very
More
them
often theologists or
them
as
working-
assumption principles.
Principles are eternal. Special case interactions of principles are temporal
in
is
CHAPTER
The Geoscope
world-around's most immediately
One of the
how
development
that of
moment
in
Universe
and how so
life
problems
critical
of
all
human
is
individ-
time.
We have already
many
referred
critical
path to
human understanding
could
was born,
reality
is
was everything we
what
reality
had always
been.
When
was very
real,
trocute you.
and
however, because
The new
it
it
didn't
"make
it
was
the news."
invisible,
The
it
electron
could even
elec-
working
and
infravisible
wave spectrum of Universe. And 99.9 percent of these very real activities
are nondirectly apprehensible by the bare human senses and are practically
discovered and coped with only through powerful macro-micro operative
instruments.
to humanity,
the physical technology of Earthians' affairs was shifted over from a brain-
161
Critical Path
162
ed only by
covery and objectification of special case realizations of the only mathematexpressible laws governing each of the omni-intercomplementary
ically
We
how
human
affairs
had
the
liable
ergo,
infinitesi-
mally fractionated and narrow that they gave no hint of the significant part
their
work played
edge and
its
knowl-
humanity-advantaging
potentials.
Thus
the
many becoming
its
became
few
omni-
uselessly
more
regeneratively ever
uni-
versally advantaged.
ways nondetrimental
to the
power
structure's
structure's inter-
media
for infor-
mation.
In addition to (A) the difficulties of popular comprehension imposed by
the invisibility of the frontiers of everyday reality, and (B) specialization as
if
humanity
is
to continue
effectively
on our planet
life is
(Q
Humans cannot see humans growing either bodily or as local huHumans cannot see the motion of the hour and minute hands
clock or of the physical growth of trees. Humans can realize only ret-
motion.
man
tissue.
of the
mans
grown because
their clothes
no longer
off
aftereffects of
fit.
Hu-
the belated
what happened.
are invisible
C most
and tuned
in
vital chal-
The Geoscope
163
human
brains.
When humans
cannot see
something approaching to destroy them, they do not get out of the way.
Question: Is there not an instrument that can inform humanity about
invisibly trending evolutionary challenges
to satisfactorily anticipate
and do so
in
its
is
the Geoscope, which can be swiftly realized both physically and metaphysically.
Only
years of presence on Earth has humanity sensed the shape, size, rotation,
and Sun-orbiting
discover
to
physical laws
the
ca-
only-mathematically-definable-and-employable
inter-
transforming, differently enduring, differently energized, independently episodic and overlapping, eternally regenerative, scenario Universe's laws such
and optics
needed
humanity's comprehension of
is
To
its
means of "seeing
oursels as
others see us." Poet Robert Burns's wish was partially fulfilled when, for
the
first
time, Earthian
humans standing on
Most people
you want
The
of the whole
world displayed on
that,
map
it
at
is
that
you cannot read the names identifying the geographical data of more
than one-quarter of
You may
in
is
sets.
its
optimum
globe.
The
Earth as your
If that
were
fact
is
true,
real
its
surface
data you can see and read at any one time. With a twelve- or sixteen-inch
globe you can get the most information possible in any one viewing. This
is
Critical Path
164
azimuthal,
found
in
world.
On
etc.
1980 to be the
it
Greenland
map most
will often
end of the
It is
as yet
map
is
it
the land area on the right end while in reality those areas are actually adjacent.
all
of
was
It
to provide a satisfactory
means
for
same time
it,
for the
that the
first
Dymaxion Skyhumans
time in history,
flat
surface
without any visible distortion in shape or relative size of any of its data and
without any breaks in
face
is
its
continental contour
that
is,
one-world ocean.
The Dymaxion transformational projection system that produces the SkyOcean World Map divides the sphere into its maximum omnisymmetrical,
twelve-vertexed, thirty-arc-edged subdivisions of twenty equi-central-angled
arcs of 63 26'
and
The
thirty great circle arcs of 63 26' act as constant peripheral integrity controls,
preventing the breaking open and spilling out of the discrete data and
and
surface, dur-
Figure 25.
tri-
bound icosahedron.
The Geoscope
165
Figure 26.
Figure 27.
Figure 28.
Figure 29.
the Mercator projection (Fig. 27), the conic projection (Fig. 28), and the polar
Dymaxion
systems give
rise to
Fig. 30).
me
to consider the
known
as
"Expo
Figure 30.
166
The Geoscope
made
167
was
it
rejected. I
was asked
know,
my
ered,
geodesic-dome trade
dome
fair pavilions
my
was concluded.
dome
Fortunately
U.S.A. geodesic
Also, but
for
of
my
gard of the
istence. Since
in
re-
at its lowest
if
around Earth,
I felt
that
it
States
Agency
rest of the
many decades
ebb in
all
I will
original idea.
Expo
at
What
come
and
er
my
had predicated
know
my
that a great
many
conviction of society's
vi-
On
Expo
'67.
ramps and
proposed
in
have a 400-foot-di-
in
facility.
On
The
visitors
would
see
such as
New
and
ra-
Critical Path
168
would be seen
to be transforming
(equilateral) trian-
The
visitors
formations there are no visible changes in the relative size and shape of any
of the land and water masses of the 100-foot-diameter miniature Earth.
some of its
With
places
it
would be relaxed
The icosahedronal
skin rug.
flatten
slits
introduced into
its
perimeter at various
a bear-
is
The
visitors
would
at the
si-
and shape of
the land and sea masses having occurred during the transformation from
now
we
call a
map.
in just
My
cartographic pro-
such a manner as
have
described.
one world-island
in
map would
1 /500,000th of
reality.
oil
less
in
Three
big 1000-
of an inch in length.
would measure
less
fiftieth
of an inch long at
this scale.
The
great
map would
points to
show
in-
world conditions, events, and resources. World events would occur and
transform on this
live
ple
face. If
we had 100,000
City,
New York
City, or
Tokyo would
be a cluster of 250 bulbs. The bulbs could be computer-distributed to represent the exact geographical distribution positioning of the people. Military
movements of a
million troops
would be dramatically
visible.
The
position
of every airplane in the sky and every ship on the world ocean could be computer-control displayed.
cities
cities into
the
The Geoscope
169
proposed that on
the computers
all
the
known
world
map
of our
into
is
now housed
at
my
head-
quarters.)
We
trends,
I
known
needs,
all
the inventory of
human
characteristics.
proposed that individuals and teams would undertake to play the World
Game
desirables,
and regenerative
all
their
inspirations.
own
theory of
The
how
vital needs,
developmental
make
work
It
or without competitors.
The
for
objective of the
game would be
without any
man
human
in the
to explore
human
interfering with
ways
to
make
possible
Figure 31
it
Figure 32.
170
Cornell
Geoscope
The Geoscope
171
and dwelling
Earth must be
individual
tion
fully
in
and
facilities to
accommodate
travel indepen-
their needs in
an uncompromising man-
way
that
all
the foregoing
and
would be
possible.
It
was
to satisfy the
to
comprehend the
total
Figure 33.
Nottingham Geoscope
Critical Path
172
ments
oped.
that the
The Geoscope
is
its
all
inside or
its
outside and in
its
proper
in-
When
all
so that their polar axes are always parallel to the real Earth's north-south
polar axis, with the latitude and longitude of the installed Geoscope's zenith
point always corresponding exactly with the latitude and longitude of the
critically located point
As
installed.
on our
real planet
Earth
at
is
it
will
Since the two spheres (mini-Earth and real Earth) are rigidly coupled together tangentially at the same latitude-longitude point on the real Earth as
the latitude-longitude zenith point on the Geoscope sphere, the geographical-geometrical orientation attitudes brought about by their respective axial
rotations
and
orbital travel
will
has the same relationship to the Earth as has one of the relatively small
boats
mounted
fore
and
aft
its
in a
head-on
distance
to the big
ter of the
sea, so too
existing
does the
Earth's surface
is
lestial distances.
astronomically negligible
The
when compared
its
to
nearest star
any of the
ce-
the Sun
life-
is
is
25
outwardly through
stars
continents,
surface.
you
Any
all
its
the contours of
min-
fly-screen sur-
all
the world's
will see the exact relationship of all the stars to the Earth's
can be verified to be
telephoning someone
moment over
What you will
in zenith at that
at that point.
is
exactly
that point
see
on Earth by
see if
you were
safely
The Geoscope
173
stationed at the center of real planet Earth and had X-ray eyes and could
look outwardly through 4000 miles of matter to see the stars viewable in zenith outwardly of any one given geographical point of our axially spinning,
center,
no imitation
stars
its
and no
exact zenith position as seen through the Geoscope's spherical triangle win-
dows outwardly and around our Earth sphere in all directions as of any given moment as our Earth revolves and zooms along its Sun orbit within
They
is
revolving around
its
north-south polar
in respect
Geoscope
of
all
feels
fixity
is
and
feel
axis,
looking out
feeling as
we
airplane.
We
first
is
human
time in
and
clearly seen
experience Geo-
felt
to be revolving
within the theater of Universe, and those holding steady their bodies, heads
and
their eyes
and standing
at the
Geoscope's center,
feel-see their
Earth
re-
With Geoscopes
encing
its
locally available
all
children experi-
around from west to east by the Earth to be shaded from the Sun's
by the rolling-around Earth's western horizon
light
They
They will spontaneously say "Sunclipse" instead of "Sunset." In the same way they will say spontaneously
"Sunsight" in the morning as the Earth revolves the Sun into seeability, thus
to be obscuring (or eclipsing) the Sun.
words of
their an-
The new educational technology of world man will of eventual, emergencritical necessity come to produce and use the Geoscopes as ba-
cy-emerged,
sic
educational
tools
for
acquiring
both
cosmic
and
local
Universe
Critical Path
174
orientation. It will be universally used as the visual reference for all hourly
will
in
spontaneously
regard to
our
all
It will
cerebrating.
The most
eration
usefully informative
is
its
bottom 100
feet
The
vast
number of computer-selected,
minimum
distance of 100 feet from viewing eyes (as seen from either the center of the
sphere or from the ground outside and 100 feet below), will altogether pro-
in detailed resolution to
time the
first
a spherical
200-foot Geoscope
TV
is
It
undertaken,
Geoscope
ameter one
to be realized.
ameter one
one
fully
TV
the
Minnesota
the twenty-foot-di-
semicompleted, 200-foot-di-
Expo
'67 in Montreal,
Canada,
in 1967;
and the
fifty-foot-diameter Geos-
pus
To our 1953-55 University of Minnesota and Princeton University Geoscope development classes
first
I
proposed that
it
be trian-
New
York
ledges.
known
middle of the East River a quarter of a mile south of what was once
and
1970s was renamed Roosevelt Island. All the East River water
traffic
in the
run-
The Geoscope
175
New
ning between
Harlem
York's
tallest
that
between the
is,
UN building
400
is
feet
ledges with
at
The
Sound or the
Island
its
bottom 200
feet
as that of the
UN building
and 100
its
top
higher
feet
the mast tops and their tangentially triangling support of and tiedown of the
would be
steel,
invisible
make
this in-
highly feasible.
visibility
though
it
were a small
celestial
building as well as to
all
make
those in
it
in very close to
Earth
New York
UN
Street.
In designing the
optimum
making
moment
The
maps of
geograph-
moment
of
tude coordinate grid of our Earth's planetary sphere. The Air Force's geographical
aerial
(photographic)
and
its allies,
it
intently
The mosaic
grid
were flown
details. It
all
at different altitudes.
The lowest-flown
176
Figure 34.
Critical Path
Drawing
for
The Geoscope
Figure 34a.
177
it
and would be
its
equator.
for
proposed
UN Geoscope
would have
to
support
Critical Path
178
Figure 34b.
Bird's-eye view of
UN Geoscope
The Geoscope
179
all
human
affairs as
all
the whole of our planet, so that the whole world's population can learn for
itself
as
all
their
detail.
unenlargedfilm-frame
X
size,
black-and-white or col-
assembled
like a picture
size,
altogether produce one united, spherical surface picture of the whole world.
is
about 200
feet.
Since
ly strong,
knew
in
1950 that
foot Geoscope.
quadrangular-
built
feet wide.
No
To make them a
where
in 1950.
The
foot wider
would
steel trusses.
built any-
could be econom-
As yet standing in prime condition, St. Peter's 150-foot-diameter marble dome built in Rome over 400 years ago and the Pantheon's
equally excellent-condition 1 50-foot-diameter marble dome built in Rome
ically
produced.
about 1700 years ago were, in 1950, history's largest clear-span domes. In
was
built.
dome
of 150-foot diameter
ability of
humans
dome
to build un-
had
built a
they have gone to 700 feet in diameter, and they will keep on growing in
clear-span size at an ever faster rate until
The
we
enclose whole
cities.)
at their
180
Critical Path
your
of-an-inch speck
eye.
You would
not
be able to see your car in front of the house, nor could you see humans or
cows. But you could see clearly your 400-acre-or-greater farm.
make
it
possible for
humans
much more
all
to iden-
Humans
humanity's survival.
200,000.
foot
foot
inch
/i 6
inch
/i6
inch
!/i6
inch
'/i6
inch
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
y64 inch
200,000
feet
38 miles
3 miles
1040
15,000 feet
feet
3 football stadia
oil
tanker
Since the size of the smallest line that can be seen separately from another
line is 1/1 20th
would be l/60th of an
inch.
of an inch would not have a visible interior area, so for this reason an acre
as
shown on
make
its
outer edge.
An
as a square
city of greater
Looking
at the 200-foot-diameter
make
feet
away, you
my
house
eyes,
The Geoscope's
in the
known history.
the human eye and mind
to
in the
comprehend,
geology of our
TheGeoscope
planet
181
in
two minutes
Or
in another four-minute
last
four one-million-
years-each ice ages, spaced 250,000 years apart, their transforming of the
world's ocean waters into ice cappings, which water shift reveals peninsulas
interconnecting what
we now know of
it
manity
first
only as islands
The geographically
on the Geoscope
all
at a rate of
and the Indian Ocean, then coming up on the lands of China and India and
East Africa, and spreading westward into Europe and thence westward to
the Americas, with a small second-magnitude migration, rafting on the Ja-
Another change
to be illustrated
is
shift in
terday,
much
of which
is
now
become
all
when
tHe build-
memory
and mind.
The
200-foot Geoscope could present the cloud cover and weather history
known weather
world and
At Boulder, Colorado,
histories as recorded
played on
it all
stations.
main lobby of
by world-around weather
large world
maps on
map
has dis-
world
all
all
amongst
On
all
all
the
map
figure the
Out of
shown
the pre-
weather stations for each year and day of the year for
of weather record-keeping.
is
all
the
known
years
min-
Critical Path
182
more
becoming ever
is
sits
high on the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains, with Denver and the
Great Plains stretched out far below. Walter Orr Roberts took moving
ture footage of the vast area stretched out below Boulder.
He had
ing picture camera take one picture per minute. There were
down below
clearly
Denver with
vast
many
tures for
at
Boulder.
He
kinds of
all
hours.
Much
He
it.
pic-
mov-
his
city of
to see the
cloud formation acting exactly like ocean waves rolling across the scene,
with cresting-breaking waves having deep intervening troughs through
see the
sat). It is
very
probable that the world history of weather for 200 years shown at high-
The world
etc.
history of earthquakes
if
would
it
accelerated
is
keeps careful track of their respective enemies' disposition of their armaments, troops, and navies, such strategic matters are not secret to the military of
both sides and are only unknown to the world people. The 200-foot
Geoscope
where
all
tive
greatly
aided
and
affairs.
stimulated
all
and
rate
etc.
would
all
all aircraft
ac-
The
UN
by
the
200-foot
Geoscope
windows.
in transportation
means, quanti-
of disclosure around
disposition of
in
world
and deploy-
world.
The
present
"real
time"
of world
to see
of those
their east-facing
travel
known
ty,
is
the world's submarines are located. This might greatly alter the
that
and
The
accelerated pattern
cities
would be dramatic.
destinations.
183
The Geoscope
may
One
human
brain
is
that of
com-
human comsome
correlates such
previously acquired data and insight gained from other experiences and
Many
of to-
new and complex occurrences are in fact relaclearly related to other phenomena with which we
and are
ble patterns
to forecast
and plan
in vastly greater
magnitude
than heretofore.
project-
and sociologic
all
all
common
world problems by
all
con-
world
From our
vations
within
seems to be horizontal
must indeed be
mote and
we conclude that
strange.
The
in
When
it
and ours
is
difficult to
comprehend.
are in fact
one
realizes,
all
comes
clear,
For the
first
time in
all
human
verse information-gatherer
and
conflicts
becomes
evident.
tical reality,
and
computer-augmented problem-solving
incisive,
The proposed
foot
UN
attempting to
humankind
to use
existence successful.
to the attention of
he gave a luncheon at
make our
New York
It
appealed to him so
me and
much
that
the
am-
all
Critical Path
184
UN
bassadors to the
more than
It
He had me
It
favor. Thereafter,
would make
million. Inflation
The
it
at that
vis-
present.
pose.
UN
its
the increasing
realization
may
not
off.
The Geoscope will make possible communication of evolutionary phenomena not hitherto comprehendingly communicable via humans' conceptual faculties regarding their Spaceship Earth's orientation
travel
and course of
amongst the other planets around the Sun, as well as of the compre-
Many
be dramatically evidenced, as
hand,
if reliably
anticipated, will
make
possible safe
many
all
events which,
if
It is logical to
triangulated,
geographical data
aerial-photo-mapped,
Game
latitude-longitude-coordinated,
upon which
as
World
"software."
In 1900
of the North Pole, eleven years before the discovery of the South Pole, and
thirty-five years before radar
multiplied to such an extent that the major governments of the Earth agreed
to have their geographers hold an
omniworld meeting
to adopt universal
world maps.
At
it
that
was noted
permitted
much
(at that
was proving
less
and
less
showed
TheGeoscope
185
3 x 120
Figure 35.
360
Spherical cubing
Earth produced eight 120-degree corners of that cube, and not 90 degrees
as
ers,
corded
I
explor-
often without the use of sextants and only from their estimates, as rein journals
The
long."
explorer then
made
when
came upon a
X and Y,
As
a consequence the U.S. Navy, the U.S. Hydrographic Survey, and the
sur-
reverified
by
celestial observation
and
spherical trigonometry.
At
Navy had an
mile
all
verse directions
etc.
with
Bay
in the state of
Navy had
tide,
this
to prove that they could maintain the top speed called for in their
there
Maine. Over
On
Critical Path
86
and major
stars.
position they
Bay were sharply located by their intertriangular reCompass Island. This complex of intertriangulated islands
er islands in Penobscot
lationships with
United States
and
its
grid
By
the time of
occupancy of
ians'
against
fensive
all
British Isles
Africa.
was
to
open the
of-
underbelly" attack.
World War
flights'
II
bomb-drop
points,
strictly
ac-
depen-
its
al-
thence to North African positions opposite Italy on the south shores of the
Mediterranean.
From
first
their scientifically
U.S.A. bombing
flight
Sicily.
Sicily
first
that
points the
flight's
course
U.S.A. landing of
Sicily
its
The whereabouts of
Sicily
was so
With
ping areas of
way from
Italy, as the
map-
mapping
were
and corrected.
TheGeoscope
Normandy
the
187
became established
all
the
way from
South America, across the Atlantic into North Africa and thence into
aly
all
It-
Germany and
U.S.A.
reached
Berlin
The
after
Russia
had
already taken
came
the portion of Germany in which Berlin was located.
By agreement of their general staffs the Russians and U.S.A. allies entered Berlin almost simultaneously. The U.S. A intelligence operatives
the Allies prevailed. Finally the world triangulation entered
to Berlin.
much
rushed to seize as
ed radio-triangulated
as possible of the
maps over
flight
Germans' aerial-photo-coordinat-
might have been carried deeply into Russia by the Germans. Apparently the
tions deeply into Russia, or the Russians had found and removed the data
Though
at the
for
its allies.
allied, their
were powerfully
interests
at
work
each making
ticipatory moves.
As
a result of
all
all
the long-ago-pub-
which, with
and other
II inception
strategic points,
meant
of intercontinental atomic
all
targets
bomb
War
were
strategically effective
To confuse the U.S.A. even more the U.S.S.R. built mock towns and
cities at the incorrectly mapped points and put radio broadcasting stations
where their cities were supposed to be but weren't as mispublished only
limits.
did not
to intercontinental atomic
bombing, the
know was
knew
was
is,
all
maps
Russia
is.
resist
any inspection-of-atom-
Critical Path
188
its allies
whenever
surveillance
It
transfer of
its
into
U.S.S.R. a valid cause for militarily entering Afghanistan, which the Russians have long
wanted to do
in
moving
present" of a
into Kabul.
The
War
II,
when
its
own
public
first
became
and radio that a U.S. Navy ship had been sunk by the enemy
though
The adoption of
assumed
it
was
tacitly to
U.S.A. fighting forces and their supporting public were assumed by the
U.S.A. leaders to be so stupid as not to realize what was happening when
time after time
it
were indeed
sunk was the beginning of the end of U.S.A. populace credit for the operational integrity of
its
representative government.
to
meet
in
fields
teams
of approximately twenty-five on
at
first in
the U.S.A.
Moscow-and-Leningrad, next
member
at the
of the Mos-
The
Norton Simon,
TheGeoscope
189
U.S.S.R./U.S.A.
UCLA, now
Mur-
geles
most eminent
thirty in
an admiral, a general
all.
by the UN.
We
lived at the
all
As you
bles.
wished to
same
entered,
hotel.
sit.
first
sit
sat
down with
surprise
a Russian, an interpreter
moved
in
it
four-place ta-
the Russians
all
could speak English, while amongst the U.S.A. representatives only the two
Our meetings
all
all
it
seemed as though
all
points of contention
At
sides.
the formal
could be resolved.
For the
some
last
day of the
in Leningrad,
it
first
in-
would
regarding
all
half-century.
life
on planet Earth
in
which
to
make
in-
dicate
issues.
side
would be yielding
He would
was chosen
afternoon to do
strate
all
U.S.S.R prog-
In preparation
new human-use
opposing argu-
have
made
conference
sessions.
side's
had
it.
all
Saturday
a tensegrity sphere to
demon-
Critical Path
190
ciples of discontinuous-compression-and-continuous-tension as
all
dral
employed
in
was able
to
we held
show a 99-
amount of clear-span
to that
and earthquake-proofing.
based
my
we could now do
so
much more
with so
much
it
had
to be "only
its
we humans
you or
discourse,
volume, energy,
Earth
less weight,
as to suggest that
predictions,
this
life
support for
me
life
all.
book
on
My
were
Critical Path.
What I said pleased both the U.S.A. and U.S.S.R. delegates. On the walk
home to our hotel each individual delegate from both sides hustled up beside me and told me how excitedly pleased he or she was over my statements. The Russians were unanimously enthusiastic about what
Fortunately,
all
At
said.
the farewell
banquet that night the president of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences said
in his closing speech,
me
because
am
apolitical
and an
arini-
In our second meeting, two years later at the Westchester Country Club,
many
home each
who seemed
free to explore
lished party-line
What
dogma.
regarding which
matters
U.S.A."
when
am
certain they
The Geoscope
They
so that
191
said to me,
we can
we
"Worse than
mas-
toward realizing a
life-style for
our
social-
remain unable to do so
Assuming that an atomic war would mean that both sides would lose*
the U.S.S.R. determined to outnumber and thus
it would not occur
overpower the U.S.A. in the design and the production of conventional air
ergo,
in the training
felt
and maintenance of a
vastly greater
must be remembered
It
War
it
II to
at
which time
would be evident
would be impossible
which
to
pri-
would do
it
in a highly deceptive
manner by having
German
Germans
first
made
industrial cartels,
ally.
is
exactly
When
and
the Russian border, the Nazis turned treacherously against the U.S.S.R.
at
The
No
one
in the
became
allies.
U.S.S.R. over the millions of U.S.S.R. troops and civilians killed by the Nazis.
ductivity toward advantaging all their people to prove that socialism could
life-style
*See
p. 117,
New
when
Deal, real-
Critical Path
192
World War
II that
it
war.
To cope with
is
occasioned only by
World War
III
"Who
are
you go-
all its
high-science-and-
technology productivity on producing armaments for decades of aroundthe-world cold warring, in the conduct of which both the Russians and the
U.S.A. would have to avoid direct, all-out interconfrontation. With the joining of supreme-powers
war by
human
life
U.S.A. and U.S.S.R., in testing their respective strengths, would have to operate indirectly against one another through their respective puppet nations,
hopefully intent on drawing forth the "secret weapons" in the other's arsenals.
Thus we have the North versus the South Koreans, the "Vietnam-
ese" versus the Vietcong, the Israelis versus the Arabs, etc.
early
because the rocket delivery times traveling at 14,000 miles per hour were
at
would know ten minutes before being struck that the enemy had
atomic warheads
all
their
lose.
fired their
to send off
So while deceptively
continuing the atomic-warhead race with the U.S.A., the U.S.S.R. committed itself realistically to producing the strongest navy in history.
The U.S.A.
because they could point out that the U.S.A. was developing far more atomic
warheads than was the U.S.S.R. The U.S.A. was doing so because big
knowing
that petroleum
atomic-warhead production
in order to build
oil
fostered
in-
dustry (in the development of which the U.S. people's government had spent
its
whom
power-structure organizations, would need to employ in operating the atomic-energy plants and the electrical-distribution network as world petroleum
supplies dwindled.
in
order to continue
it
off
was true
be-
cause the U.S.S.R. had seen that aircraft carriers are "highly vulnerable,"
193
The Geoscope
so they built huge airplane-carrying submarines from which a plane
vertical
flight
to height,
would
followed by horizontal
ergo, needing
aircraft carriers
The weapons
officers,
industry's Washing-
ton lobbyists were more persuasive than the U.S. Navy's experts.
With
naval
its
fleet
disarmament
that of control-
all
peace nego-
deprive the Democratic President of peace-making success, and that apparently the U.S.A.
treaty, the
SALT
as
it
has in Iran
can no
longer control the Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea and therefore cannot take
yesteryears' sure-to-win military steps against Iran.
The U.S.A.'s
just as did
is
now
terminating,
Sir
pire
was
Europe.
built
He
on
its
maps.
He showed
showed them
Em-
at the
world
ther
British
up onto the
land.
was being
built
He
fur-
by the
strategically
Its
coast, to Vladivostok.
The Orient Express ran only from Paris to Constantinople in Asia Minor.
The czar-backing Russian-power-structure interests, hoping to compete
with the British, represented the inheritors of the before-the-water-route,
Critical Path
194
overland-caravaning powers of the Old World. Mackinder showed the British that the only
route would have to be from France to Constantinople and thence via Tur-
key and Iran to Kabul, Afghanistan, and thence through the Khyber Pass,
down
times
much
very
as
to
by taking Afghanistan
and Pakistan, reach the Persian Gulf and then come through the Indian
Ocean
kinder's Heartland
and
east
Gulf.
its
Mackinder
"Whoever
said,
War
After World
Mackinder
to the
is)
as they
its
ability to
to
Mackinder
identified
had
he
tried to
make
the British
realize that the airplane altogether eliminated the world's shorelines as the
limit of travel.
The
be threatened by
set
up air-cargo
air traffic.
fleets
No one
and
would not
let
alone
fleets.
One
of the factors that they failed to envision was that of the technology becoming ever lighter per unit of functional performance until
and economically
One
to
it
became
feasibly
air-deliverable.
in
London
in the 1920s.
listened
in effect, the
navy
destroyers coming out of the sea and running up on the land. Mackinder
said to his students,
and the armored tanks on the land could circumvent, overrun, and
the fortresses and
overfly
uated from Mackinder's school, returned to Germany, and went to work for
German
From
as Geopolitik.
his description of
lightning
with the Luftwaffe commanding the sky and tanks and other armored
war
vehicles
commanding
all
Ma-
Europe.
World War
II the British
War
II,
they
The Geoscope
tarily
195
first-class
In 1954 the British Foreign Office advised the U.S. State Department that
they had just learned from their ambassador in Kabul, Afghanistan, that
Russia, East
important holiday
Kabul
the Geshin
Fair.
impres-
all installed
most sacred-
Kingdom nor
He
Masey of
me how
asked
long
it
it
it
DC-4
produced
would take me
light
and com-
airplane to Kabul.
outwardly tensed to
its
My
com-
in twenty-five days,
geodesic,
aluminum frame. All the struts and hubs of the dome were colorThe 1 14-feet-in-diameter dome was test-assembled at the Raleigh air-
tubular
coded.
was flown
Kabul with
to
my
by the Afghans.
was assembled
It
in
time
in
Geshin Fair opening. The U.S.A. show inside consisted of the Bor-
for the
showed
interest in the
show
inside,
but
No
one
all
East Germans, the Chinese and Czechs, were fascinated with the geodesic
dome
itself.
to bring in their
moving picture
Afghan yurt
give
him
fell in
dome
it
architecture.
The Russians,
finding the
mobiles out of the most battered second-hand cars shipped into Kabul and
then driving them around on very rough dirt roads,
made
the Afghans a
all
the
way
fascinated through
apparently
ered
it
Sir
armed
no longer
was
to be
When
my dome
roll their
or consid-
relevant.
it
was
Critical Path
196
because the balance of world power had shifted from U.S.A. to U.S.S.R.
mastery.
in the
North
Pacific.
at
With
the
all
northern and eastern borders of Iran and the western borders of Pakistan.
most propitious.
It
was
expertise.
"divide
ergo, the
it
The
re-
which could
feasible in Iran,
after driving
Mus-
U.S.A.'s secretly
The Russians' move into AfghaniThey were exercising their evolutionary ascendancy into the world's top power position. The Heartland
Afghanistan and its ultimate access to the Indian Ocean is the historic
prizes of the world's top power position.
Fortunately for the cross-breeding world citizens of North America and
was not
oil.
is
it
can
its
immense
productivity toward improving the standard of living for the socialist world
life-styles
life-style to
produced by capitalism.
will
am
at
each stage of disarmament but will seek to have the world's militarily
scrapped metals reinvested in peacefully productive livingry advantage for
the world's peoples.
all
I
far
has
tiative
made no
ther by the
Communist
iniei-
population, or by the Western world's private enterprise's utterly selfish exploitation for
197
The Geoscope
is
mocracy
to
will also
democracy and
make
anywhere.
it is
which the Russians, the Chinese, and most people of the world
all
its
ability to
CHAPTER
World Game
I "software" outlined
effective,
and
in
my World Game
thesis to be the
all
most thorough,
accomplishing sustainable
its
humanity,
all
to be realized within
In
you
my
will find
my
identification of the
phenomenon
wealth.
Wealth consists
scientists
make
it
clear that
no physical en-
is
cos-
we employ our
we always
itself
component of wealth
can only increase.
From
have learned
omists continue to exploit the general political and religious world's as-
around our
These money
in strength per
interests are
life
support exists
pound of new
198
human
planet.
aircraft engines,
Game
World
and
199
electronics, in general
we have
ing for
liv-
all
any.
This
is
it is
an engineeringly demonstrable
fact.
This can be done using only the already proven technology and with the
al-
and
generations to come.
all its
It
Our technological
strategy
humanity
all
makes
all
it
use of
and atomic
fossil fuels
we can
incontrovertible that
live
come
The quantity of
energy.
annually by
have four
which
all
humanity. World
billion billionaires
fact
is
to
is,
its
all
we
and only
human
celestially
capability
and know-how
it
employ the
ative
greater than
is
Game makes
in
such a manner
of so
many human
lives
and
(3) nurturing,
and
as-yet-untapped store of intellectual and aesthetic faculties, while (5) continually eliminating restraints
and
The
success of
all
terrestrially
must develop
artifacts
whose energy-use
the artifacts' spontaneous adoption by humanity, but therewith also occasions the inadvertent, unregretted
obsoles-
planetary economic affairs with the cosmic, interstellar, intergalactic, complex family of physical, time-energy behavior laws, demonstrated by astro-
billion ad-
Critical Path
200
now
our phototelescopic range. Little planet Earth of our small star the Sun
is
ventory of the intertransformative laws that govern the generalized, regenerative economic-investment system of the physical
of what physics
efficient
now
finds to
and metaphysical
assets
scenario Universe.
tually deliverable
most powerful
political
designed
can produce
to reinforce their
"We
let
human
is
less
than
not saying,
alone an-
let
information-harvesting
ical
it
more than a
amount of en-
when
the
ergy as heat and pressure used for the length of time necessary to produce
that gallon of petroleum
is
much
Edison
Com-
electricity.
is
engaged
in tasks
producing
life-support wealth.
spending three, four, and more gallons of gasoline daily to go to their nonwealth-producing jobs
ergo,
in the
energy-time,
real,
we
U.S.A.
four billion billionaires have not yet been notified of their good fortune.
is
professional,
and academic
all
all
kinds
now
in-
all scarcities,
physical.
Evolution has
will render all
humanity
now
will win.
This
of revengefully pulling
tofore unfortunates
of realized
life
humanity
extinct, but if
is
down
new
it
if it
kind of revolution;
it is
one
goes bloody,
alike to
new and
all
the here-
sustainable heights
all
that, instead
by the
Game
World
World
do
201
Game
critical
time
limit,
from here to
cattle
in
"kind"
as capital, capita
enterprise venture
into cattle
that
is,
there.
(known
earliest large-scale
cattle.
When "money,"
meaning "head"
became the
in Latin),
birth
or heads of
was loaned
to en-
"interest"
Much
metal
later,
money
to
re-
cattle
cattle.
humans or
money
in the
form of miniature
swiftly developed a
easily recognized
bull horns.
With metal
became prey
when
its
after
money
its
there
scarcity
and
nontarnishability. World-
to hijacking pirates.
the British
made
as
trade treaties with countries from every region of the world. There-
were balanced annually, and the debtor nation paid the other by shifting
their gold deposited in a
London bank
This
is
how what
is
to the other's
known
to estab-
in Africa,
America, and the Far East, within which countries the European
South
scientists
Ghana
is
Ghana
is
extracted by electrolytic
202
Critical Path
refinement.
Ghana
know
and
its
The Ghanaians,
basin.
capital
came
into
Ghana, arranged
to
have
all
the in-
habitants of the Volta River basin banished from that basin, then built one
dams
tries
"developed"
that
manipulating countries
tries" or "the
natural
their
call these
resources.
The
in
societies
the
Third World."
there.
exist
on our planet
world human. But the sovereign nations and their international-trade-balancing system, and the individual hoarders of foods and other goods within
the separate nations, prevent the distribution of the foods.*
World Gaming
discloses that
sovereignty of nations
is
humanity
The
will perish
if
the
is
first step in
The world-unifying
electric
World Game
development.
is
It is
and expeditiously
employ
of
efficiently
world-around resources,
(2) total
already-produced technological
all its
World
Game is
War Gaming
as played
the
World
Game
by the joint
post-Magellan, historically
See
all
how most
first,
British Empire's
its first
World
Game
203
"inventory of
India
thus,
vital statistics
Company
and
Thomas Mal-
his findings
billion annually for the last thirty years ($6 trillion total) to
most
effective
Gaming
is
feasible
capabilities
develop
to
and
kill
ever
all
enemy
life-support artifacts
riods of time.
War Gam-
tech-
seconds of time per each technical function accomplished and employs those
ever improving functions to produce ever
instead of the killingry weapons of
World
Game
more advanced
livingry artifacts
its
succes-
improvement,
its
my
my
inven-
both
clearly
means an
ever-healthier,
ly-productive
intertrusting
generous
total
humanity
operating
an
as
and
wasteful
way,
-comprehensively-anticipatory
level;
less
at
an
engaged
ever-more-mutually-
living in
an ever-more-
ever-more-foresighted
in
and
ever-more-constructive
Critical Path
204
initiative-taking
all
initiatives
classless, raceless,
engaged competently
in local
human
Universe
Game
humans and
in-
design of Universe.
lenges varying
mass
among
attraction, etc.
of originally naked
and
all
humans
differences existing
in a
between the
cities
life activi-
life-styles
of
humans
environment,
to
one
all
chal-
life
leverage,
Moon
billion people
homes around
Moon-landing astronauts
live,
by foods grown
in
all
the
known
generalized princi-
artifacts
adequate for
solving the newly emerging and foreseeably arising problems do not as yet
exist.
no unnatural materials.
If nature
permits their chemical-element associabilities, the materials and their functionings are natural. If nature does not permit or bring about their associability,
they cannot
exist.
that
alization of humanity's
humans'
i.e.,
"synthetic."
living conditions
for everyone.
pat-
World
Game
terns,
such as that of
ings
205
and machinery
steel
made
new high-grade
mines
either
for
tin
in the
United
utensils,
came
Bolivia, or Tanganyika.
Tin was
As an
originally
first
used
and that
all
tin
much
in the
of foreign
tin.
world mines
Having
ground source of
source
is
now
its
originally
tin that is
now
no
tin
swift-design-change-
no further purchases
World
re-
As noted
which
is
bil-
doing-more-work-with-less-pounds-of-material
advancing,
traffic
which
classes of
only by sea or
invisible
revolution
keeps
greater-weight-and-capacity air
and
-lighter
rail.
As mentioned
earlier, all
rivers'
only
dammed
for
shown
Critical Path
206
India will
become
all
and
be realized for
It is
all
humanity.
is
no known way
to deliver en-
ergy safely from one part of the world to another in larger quantities and
in swifter
"electricity."
For the
first
verability of electricity
War
II
was 350
miles.
As
metallurgical,
chemical,
it
became
technically feasible
and expedient
to
employ
presented
my
integrated, world-
made
it
technically feasible to
span the Bering Straits to integrate the Alaskan U.S.A. and Canadian net-
grid,
This proposed network would interlink the daylight half of the world with
the nighttime half.
Electrical-energy integration of the night
will bring all the capacity into use at all times, thus overnight
valleys.
doubling the
it
From
most
ex-
America
will
be integrated southwardly
populations together with graphs of those countries' birthrates show without exception that the birthrates decrease at exactly the same rate that the
per capita consumption of inanimate electrical energy increases.
energy grid
is
when and
is
the
if
The world's
priority ob-
There
is
no
single
in synchronization
Energy Production:
Kilograms coal
2000
,*""
Birthrate
1800
-<*,"",""
per thousand
37
people
1600
,,<"*"--<
1400
1262
1200
1000
1957
59
63
61
65
67
69
71
73
77
75
79
North America
Energy Production:
Kilograms coal
equivalent per capita
12000
Birthrate
per thousand
11000
people
10000
USSR
9000
5259
r>
Birthrate
27
people
7000
1957 59
61
63
65
67
69
71
73
75
77
79
25
ff'
*****
25*4*'
\ jfff
fjf*
23
Energy Production
Kilograms coal
4000
3000
2521
21
5000
*f*
per thousand
8000
2000
%
%
19
1000
18
*'?',.,...
17
1957 59
63
61
65
67
69
" "
73
71
75
77
79
Spam
25
Birthrate
per thousand
IBIBIllB"* "
1
*,
1800
,?
El
Salvador
250
260
1300
J
A'
ff
829
Energy Production
Kilograms coal
equivalent per capita
1957 59
61
63
65
67
69
71
73
75
77
200
ML
Birthrate
800
per thousand
79
people
a"
tsjf
Energy Production
Kilograms coal
equivalent per capita
100
35
1957
Figure 36.
Birthrate
59
61
63
65
67
69
71
73
75
77
79
207
Critical Path
208
man
batteries
new
owners to feed
their
was an
efficient
windpower-generated
tric
it
but
lines.
The
bills.
elec-
individuals get
mid-1960s World
Game
prototyping operation.
wind
in a 100-mile radius a
is
It
the world converting their direct current into alternating current and feeding the electric energy into the world network can harvest the planet Earth's
all
the
With the world's prime resources and its people and its potential integratabilities evidenced by World Game's world map, obvious design science inventions are called for, such as a "backbone" irrigation canal from the
conti-
would be eliminated
so
now
able to
do
with ever less weight per each given function with each
recirculation as to
Game
While World
sources,*
it is
percent
metals
In
producing
science
income
in the
liquid-fuel-energy-powered
cent
all
technologies.
ficient
all
all
most
ef-
engines,
efficient,
and
Due
to inefficiently
designed technical equipment and building technology, the overall mechanical efficiency
means
units go
unused
*See World
in
Game
is
ninety-five
World
Game
209
5 percent.
feasible to increase
it is
There are two kinds of objective engineering designing: objects that consist
work
effectiveness
all
structures have
many
ener-
facts:
least surface.
Amongst
"tensegrity"
icosahedra give the most environmental enclosure per pound and vol-
ume
of material employed.
-* 2)
doubled
second-power rate
ture's
is
(i.e.,
volume increases
at a
is
rate
(i.e.,
doubled,
it
2 3 ).
has
eight times as
times as
dome
(E)
are
most
"Old
Man
efficiently
may
Whole
dome whose
is
greater than
same time
avoiding use of any metal interconnections between the inner and outer
domes' structuring, the heat losses and gains of the innermost domes
are halved in respect to those of non-domed-over
domes of
the
same
dimensions.
(F)
If in
parent or translucent on their sunny side and opaque and inwardly re-
Critical Path
210
fleeting
on the nonsunny
side,
(G)
If
growing vegetation
er, etc.
is
i.e.,
ground cov-
Sun radiation
into
hydrocarbon molecules
will
taneously
(1) convert the
man-supporting
windows or
(2) harvest
(air)
off
all
necessity for
and
fuel-
alcohol energy.
(H)
If the
power
into tank-stored
is
employed
compressed
air,
to turbine-convert wind-
the latter
may
be stored within
the space between the inner and outer domes' skins as low-pressure at-
mosphere
in quantities
As
Figure 37.
is
the tensional
all
structures.
first
international trade
fair.
Science and
World
Game
211
Figure 38.
Illustration
desic dome.
Upward
draft
is
umn.
Air is
sucked out
air.
of the large
The warm
incoming
air
which
of outside surface
air rises
air
level
causing reduced
air.
dome
structure's
vertical
thermal-column move-
will
draw
air
spirally
ward drafting
dome through
air entry
Bernoulli chilling
effect,
which
in hot
domes
(J)
It is
weather
Game
windpower by dome-
Critical Path
212
air
and
will thus
all
perils of electri-
(K)
Sum -totally
in
it is
now demonstrable
gy than
is
life
that provide
support of their
may become
human
exporters of
It
reflective,
concave
in-
ner surface of the geodesic, dome-within-dome, environment-controlling shells will act as parabolic, Sun-radiation concentrators, focusing
the Sun radiation income into heating of a circularly arced, liquid-containing pipe,
liquidly in
vacuum-
The by-product heat from the air compressing is used to heat water
stored in the same reservoir.
(M) World Game's design science treats the tensegrity-structured, domewithin-dome geodesic environment controls as comprehensive energyharvesting, -storing,
most
bean"
and -exchanging
efficiently
and mushrooms
in the hot,
dark areas.
machine semiautonomous.
(O)
Two
independent of water-supply
trols
lines
and sewage-carry-away
sys-
tems:
(1) the fog
gun
human
skin
and
all
man
fed;
fertilizer
or gas-
fertilizer-
human
breeding most of
all
all
World
Game
toilets.
World
Game
213
in-
means
to provide
all
humans
of nature's
known
potential variables
while adequately feeding them, giving them medical care, increasing their
degrees of freedom, and increasing their technological options (see Operat-
have been divorced from one another. Those bankers and insurance-com-
own
legally
employ
to their
posited with
quite
them by those who have produced the wealth and who are
unaware that those deposits are taken out of the bank and loaned out
may
therefore overpower
all
real-
wealth products.
World Gaming
already introduced major concepts and their integration with one another,
plus additional
new concepts
to
re-
alization.
acy, as
we have
four
leg-
sacrifices
all
enough
life
ergo, the
its
is
multiplying
its
support for
all.
population at a
nowhere nearly
signed to suffer and die far short of their potential life-span. Darwin's "survival only of the fittest"
selfish
and
214
Critical Path
With
have
legal
now succeeded
along with
their re-
fineries
U.S. taxpayers
and
from the
wealth system while marking up the negotiable equity value of gold and pe-
own game
of international
credit accounting,
The
power
is
a con-
The number-one
strategy of
and
them spontaneously
one another
more spontaneously
The prime
in
self-
divisions, seemingly as
vulnerabilities of humanity,
and
which make
it
skin color, religions, social customs, class or caste systems, political preferences,
and
all varieties
content.
The
this
historical
consequence of
this
aeons-ago-commenced employment of
and
their respective geographical division of all the world's dry land (as well
human
all
activities).
the
all
many
nance of local
dialects.
Above
all
that
for the
human
over
all
if
not
Game
World
215
comprehensivists
It is
as
to the rulers.
vertibly
demonstrated that
the
all
known
human
and of
tribes
all
show
ronment-induced inbreeding.
fast-running horses
there
is
we
for instance,
If,
inbreed
by mating two
the fast-running genes but also of breeding in this special capability only by
inadvertently breeding out the general adaptability to cope with the infre-
in walking,
for
lies
bills
of wading birds,
human
World
work
Game makes
and
integration
it
its
counting will computer-establish the up-to-the-moment-realized cosmic-energy-income-harnessing thus far accomplished; and the technical-efficiency
levels
attained
in
technologies operative
around the world; and the resultant per capita individually employable
world commonwealth
able,"
facilities;
in respect to
any
specific
consumables,
and
satellite-re-
from
this or that,
New York
formation
is
to
bill
and
if so,
how
Australia and
It will
"book" a
travel reser-
in-
commonwealth
These
will
the ever-increasingly-employable technological savings reserves and their respective technologically operative capabilities.
216
Critical Path
such a world-around,
satellite-relayed,
ac-
counting system, the world can, overnight, physically realize the "Omnibillionaire
Commonwealth"
Because
of
its
humans.
new
alloys
circuits are
make
and energy-operated
capabilities progressively
sively scrapped
and melted.
It is
anew
in
become progres-
ever-higher-performance
in
new ma-
is
known
in
World Gaming
as
same
basic metals
and the
we
is
loaded the new, advanced design science inventions resultant upon pro-
more
effectively
with
life's
how
to
less" resources
effective, healthier,
life's
and more
realistically informative
of time the world population has doubled, wherefore the gain has been 120fold.
During
this
first
eight decades
life
expectancy
has been doubled for the 60 percent thus advantaged, and the range of their
illiterate to
95-per-
Game
World
217
They
way
becoming omni-world-around
to
living
first
"have-nots."
from 110,000
The
in 1971 to
all
previous
in contrast to the
humans being
locally rooted
550,000 in 1979.
hu-
all
manity being thus swiftly advantaged by the doing more for more people
with
and
less
computers,
will
less
one generation)
all
humanity
is
all
accomplished with
less
humanity
(less
than
more
history
known
in all
fear-,
and-
Why
ongoing
all
all
activities.
This
because
is
all
political govern-
where-nearly-enough-life-support-for-all and
fering
its
resultant great
human
suf-
and discontent.
because
is
are about to
become
operatively obsolete
about
to
all
of the
by evolution; that
to be given
who on
up
50 na-
is,
they
altogether.
become bankrupt and defunct would become acget out their guns and start a Nazi movement,
and might
many
it
all
of
the
that the 150 nations represent 150 "blood clots" imperiling the free inter-
We
have today,
in fact,
know-how
disseminating.
Space-
Critical Path
218
We
ship Earth.
in their
it
were a separate
ship.
We
have the
starboard side admirals' league trying to sink the port side admirals' league.
If either
is
whole ship
be
will
drown
the
"enemy"
side, the
lost.
Long ago the world's great religions learned how to become transnational
or more effectively supranational. Next the world's great ideologies learned
how to become supranational. Most recently the world's largest financialenterprise corporations have become completely supranational in their opand businesses
alike
found
intolerable to
it
struggle with
cies.
this
all
is
world problem.
gressively inbred the physical types surviving under those unique geographical
conditions.
As mentioned,
from the
breeding integration of
others'. The United States of America is a crosshumans from all the nations of the planet Earth;
Its
population
is
itself as
it
is
not
and Mex-
world
humans.
As
and
invalidity of humanity's
classes of
humans
to exist
1,
pp. 9-11),
assumption of a plurality of
dif-
computer
will
on our
planet, the
itself
of such self-deception.
in
and creed
differentials.
commonwealth
cial
to be accomplished
to be realized
by elimination of
will
by such elimination of
show
false
race,
the increases
premises in so-
judgments.
may
and
their
all indi-
the invisibility of the alloys and chemistries and of the electronic cir-
World
Game
219
which
most powerful
lect taxes to
its
bureaucracy
if
see
no way
to col-
ually
way of
putting meters between people and the wind, Sun, waves, etc. Nei-
ther big government nor big business pays any serious attention to the fact
we can
that
live
which consists
In 1969
I initiated,
nual World
entists,
Game
Southern
and government
engineers,
Illinois University,
and thereafter
form of matter.
officials
for
its
sci-
three years at
first
and
for
one
New
Penn-
Seven years ago the World Game's annual research activity culminated
in a
daily energy
Game
also pub-
lished
a second
we can
was participated
in
all
human
Game
World Game will become increasingly effective in its prognoses and programming when the world-around, satellite-interrelayed computer system
and
its
lished.
tory of foods,
all
ing
formation
will
become
available
in
respect
to
all
the
world-around
communi-
Critical Path
220
amount of new sulphur being mined and distributed anThe people who let the sulphur go into
World government
all
all their
those costs of
those industries complying with the order, so that those industries can compete with those in the industry
World government
from
all
who do
then stockpile
will
all
ofF
will
more than
by the government
verse.
in order to
are es-
is
word coined
in
human
ignorance
regarding the presence of the right chemicals being released in the wrong
places by those
who
profit
sideration of others.
only through
government stockpiling of
all
new
Game
market
selfish
tasks.
World government
until they
become
prices,
hold
scarce.
records
it
is
to
make
make
profits
and keep
cut
down on
in lines.
if
we
No
their
own
sal-
to raise prices
is
to
human
itself,
but
consider all those standing in all the lines at all the different airlines
all
ing to secure an airline ticket waiting for half an hour on the telephone after
all
World
ty
Game
221
all
human hours
we
of high value. Those in lines are being legally robbed of billions of their
life-hour dollars,
bor
which go
costs.
now
chrome metal
in
many
as eleven people
sit
abreast
today.
abundant resources
socially
breaks
1.
love.
Available only within ten miles of the surface of the Earth in sufficient
quantity to conduct sound:
i.e.,
whose
Sun-induced expansion on the sunny side and shadow-side-of-the-worldinduced contraction together produce the world's winds, which in turn
produce
3.
all
human
life
vi-
Only
human consumption,
being also
e.g., water.
1.
Not
8.
Not
e.g.,
moon
by
e.g.,
helium.
scientific laboratories:
rocks.
will
facilities
from the
scarce,
and
differentiating the scarce into degrees of scarcity as well as into the day-to-
cases.
The computer
will
keep constant
track of where the resources are geographically located or where they are
traveling.
That which
That which
eral.
is
is
in constant
in the
is
abundance
is
100-percent socializable.
critically scarce
atmosphere
artifacts.
is
Oxygen
in
all
abundance
at 11,000 feet
society in gen-
at sea level
and
distrib-
222
Critical Path
is
Number
unique characteristics.
though
it
weighs almost as
one,
is
it
It
not flammable, as
as hydrogen. Helium,
little
becomes
useless to
which
is
hydrogen,
is
though the
anyone
if
number of technical
humanity,
all
thus-far-known Universe
relative
ments
is
is
ganisms of the
human
all
same
and
all
ele-
tasks that
of which can be
all
socially
compressed
at
all
humanity
make
it
it
will
evident to
will pro-
can be de-
was World
initia-
humans.
Game
if
consumed by other
is
biologicals, or
is
transformed
and become
progressively buried within the planet's outer crust. Thereafter there were
etc.),
earthquakes, or deep
De Chaden-
edes said he could, and after a year he presented us with the scenario with
all
him
We then
asked
for that
the
by the public
utilities.
The
cost
came
gallon.
is
we must
own
accept as cosmically
World
Game
223
unquestionable this costing of petroleum, coal, and gas resources, which nature has been syntropically importing
in
order, ten billion years hence, to turn the Earth into an energy-exporting
(entropic) star.
For
reason World
this
Game
considers
to be nature's
own
savings account, deposited in our "Earth bank" and not to be stolen by exploiters.
equipment
live
capital-account produc-
in
fission or fusion
60 percent of
finds that
all
They
i.e.,
are
The
majority of the jobs occasion the individuals using three to four gallons per
day
in their
this
finds that
at true
cosmic costing
it
day to give
dollars per
all
trillion a
home.
In the same
will
show
that
way
the
home
in full to stay at
ual teachers
The
who
all
handsomely
pay
to
all
whose
to video cassettes,
dividual students of
television sets.
will save-pay
it
selectable
programs are
to be called out
shown on
old educational
all
teaching
by the
their
facilities
in-
home
individ-
The computer
tion
will
it
will
full to
stay
love each particular technology will keep the world-around video education
in operation.
be paid for
do
it.
They
will act as
it.
for such
is
all
already paid
When
will not
the story.
And
working
is
painted,
and
dried,
224
Critical Path
The
oldest
And
We
shall rest
And
we need
well shall
to
us,
And
of the working
we can
that
it
are.
World
Game
news can be
formation that
fills
all
the in-
individual looking for any kind of opportunity can get the matching infor-
in seconds. Individuals
television.
Local Universe
is
World Game
to identify the
macro-
maximum
half-billion-light-year radius)
World
Game takes
phototelescopic-and-radar-reached informa-
in all directions.
all
the chemical
around us from
all
the stars of
all
the galaxies
World
Game
The
local
all
is
the
in
human
of
all
beings' bodies.
includes
all
the isotopes
the chemical elements and the relative abundance of the latter. In re-
itudinous as to
make them
other elements
Game
World
Game
World
ements.
225
is
It is also
all
circuiting
will
metals,
all el-
of
all
many
elements, have
and metals
rare stones
will
cutting
etc.
arises as to
who
will
initiatives
World
Game
all
World
Game
how
humanity to solve
in
to
mic functioning as
is
rendering
We
humans very
age of
and
local Universe
consider
it
am
pay
essential to
In whatever system
my
all
find myself I
bills in
commit myself
am
to "play the
game," for
Responding to criticism by individuals who said that the reason Buckminster Fuller was not trying to "earn his living" was because he was
capable of doing so,
theoretical enterprise
amounts of
me
"You have
my
as
is all
to decide
on an
make
vast
but one as
typi-
could
money-making.
whether you want to make money or make
do not consider
it
to be
money-making when
I insist
in-
cally undesirable to
I said,
one of
told
which performance
perform annually
of others.
The
Critical Path
226
the most sentimental weaknesses of humanity. In
my
theoretical Obnoxico's
catalog the number-one item suggested that on the last day that your baby
wears diapers you very carefully remove them, repin them empty, and
them
full
You pack
this
when
stuff
last oc-
to Obnoxico,
you
and hung
in
easily forecastable profits from this one item ran into millions of dollars per
year.
my
Eagerly
friends of 1947
for
catalog.
in the fun
noxico items then beginning to come on the market in 1950 for the
and as advertised
in
me Ob-
first
time
then showed
fun
how
could be persuaded
me
to accept shares in
in
Ob-
noxico in exchange for their contributions. Then the Faustian aspect of the
enterprise revealed
would
swiftly
for
itself,
become so
it
was
would tend
to take the
whole matter
Overnight they would lose their sense of humor as their greed was
seriously.
Somehow
years later
now twenty-five
enterprise is now building
ever-increasing
numbers
of levels of ground-floor and basement arcades to accommodate the evermore-swiftly multiplying Obnoxico stores.
Human
beings traveling
in their pockets,
left
hooked by the
realistic
in a
cartoon "balloon,"
"What
Daddy?"
As
more savings-account
they can loan your money out to others at interest plus costs) the Obnoxico
industry bleeds off an ever-greater percentage of
all
with dollar
alli-
gator, etc.
World
and
Game
is
itself to
than attacking
it
making Obnoxico
directly.
PART
III
CHAPTER
Critical Path:
Part One
prognostication we have a condition analogous to a fact
INofscientific
archery the farther back you are able to draw your longbow, the farther ahead you can shoot. For this reason
we opened
this
"Speculative Prehistory," taking us back five million years through four ice
ages,
and
at least three
presence of
humans on
Earth.
it is
We
scientifically
human
and on human
artifact-altered
proven
behavior
It is
also synergetically
comprehensive.
In reviewing the
main evolutionary
full
we
discover two
trendings.
upon human
all
itself
human ego
It
if its
is
valid to cash
in all of nature's available riches to further enrich the present rich or to protect
them
militarily
of terminating
from attacks by
human
their
assumed enemies
that
is
all at
the cost
the power-structure
is
utterly transcendental to
any
229
Critical Path
230
human
It
how
ergo, ignorant,
to survive only
many
igencies of
life.
It is
of the
gration
total
experience-won
information,
to
the
unpredicted
could speak to the living and within which total written information history
human
how
scientific principles.
and mothers
memory-bank authority
that
for multimillions of
to
fathers
The parents
which
myriad
esoteric, illiterate
ways
in
many
Thus were
The
to their
many
initially
world languages.
more
up-to-the-minute information regarding many more subjects than had the
parents. The parents did not tell the children that the radio people had more
children and their parents that the voice coming over the radio had
authoritative information
it
was
tell
who
wit-
them what
commonality of their diction in contradistinction to the milof esoteric jargons with which the parents had communicated. The ra-
dio people were also picked for the size and richness of their vocabularies
and the
facility
laries.
Because
it
was
now emulated
were
the diction
One
23
commonly accepted
human
world's languages.
is
electromagnetic radiation
only in conducting
is
mediums
The
university
often heard
and
first
voice and
TV
presence were
'66ers
TV
were the
make the
TV came
human beings
first
to
to be reared
parents.
in
TV
felt
them
daily briefed
visually
ergo,
vividly
on
the world-
pains, disasters,
Olym-
The young were saying, "I know that Dad and Mom love me to pieces,
I love them to pieces, but they don't know what it's all about. They
come home from the office or golf links or hairdressers and sit down to beer
and small talk or 'sitcoms.' They have nothing to do with our going into
Vietnam. They have nothing to do with our going to the Moon. They have
and
evancies,
what needs
know what
don't seem to
and
my
to be
As we wrote
is
is
done
to
make
making
it
own
irrel-
think. Listen.
clear to the
on
lines
TV
it
compassion
opening
My
in the
and spending
in great trouble.
4,
up
We are trying
to teach you."
With the
anything and were not "the authority," the young, responding to intuition,
said to themselves, "I
my own
am
going to have to do
my own
The
campus of the
232
Critical Path
ing that
it
nation.
its
felt
no
special loyalty to
The youth of
was
and
full
so!
They were
as ide-
to all humanity.
bias.
its
first skillfully
re-
were using their heads for punching bags and cudgel targets
Many
my
lectures
it
wants.
is
"Why
man-
because
all
"Why
asked,
make enough
to
"Never mind what you think," so the young ones stopped asking.
ed,
like
physical counterpart, the cutting of the umbilical cord after the child
to
enough relevantly
tiatives divested
its
own oxygen
critical
of the
tion
to
human
its
own
ini-
born
many
is
its
is
always transcendental to
all
is
typical of all
class-two evolu-
Also typical of class-one evolution are the two trends we have mentioned
so
many
the
cal,
tive
increments of time
ephemeralization
i.e.,
i.e.,
satisfyingly effec-
acceleration.
These coordinate class-one evolutionary trendings, which have been manifest for
may
be in evidence,
Though
it is
not
there
is
officially
a popular
heeded. In-
dividuals amongst political and business leaders are often aware of changing
conditions, such as that
or a quartz watch.
One
233
living
from
less
than
percent of
latter
all
humanity
in
"expectancy" of
life
its
standard of
liv-
realization
employment of that
is
is
is
gressively
swifter,
from a
little steel
steamship to ever-bigger
fleets
it
goes pro-
of constantly
There comes a time, however, when we discover other ways of doing the
when we
discover that a
airplaneconsidered on an annual
can outperform the passenger-carrying
200-ton transoceanic
frequency basis
jet
round-trip-
capability of the
in.
After that, a
new
less, first
vantage, for instance, of the fact that doubling the length of a ship increases
its
asmuch
its
at a given
means twice
doubled.
is
as
much
same
effort
going ships finally runs into trouble. For instance, an ocean liner
than 1000
feet
sea-
made more
long would have to span between two giant waves and would
have to be doubled
in size to
do
so. If
doubled
in size
234
Critical Path
she could no longer be accommodated by the sizes of the great world canals,
At
art
ensues
giant.
less first
less is
known sum-
all,
which
is
a trend of the
Assuming
sources to go around,
in
and never
we conclude
will
that there
its
be enough
vital
must be repeating
support re-
eventualities
human
The
effort at greater
kill-
at ever-high-
killing
arrow to a
pistol,
to a spear to a sling to a
man
bow-and-
two-ton, torpedo-carrying
little
world warring
the
fittest
persists as a
come
At
the hydrogen
new
the biggest
bomb
it
and the
used.
rest of
humanity would
Nor could
perish, so
Both
mu-
covered that killing of the enemy's people was not their objective.
Killing the enemy's ideology
is
"gaining the good opinion and support of the rest of the world"
is
and
one of
devastating
techniques.
Just
as
ephemeralization
employed ever-more-
One
235
minuscule instruments and thus took technology out of the limited ranges
human
of the
spectrum
reality, so
visible contacts of
human
soldiery
invisible
psychology.
In the
new
sides carry
invisible miniaturization
on an attention-focusing
was conducted
in
skillful agitation
of any and
In carrying on this
home
all
economics.
abandon
their
home
and persuade
it
manifests
indiitself
The
idea
is
to
make
to discredit the other's political system in the eyes of the rest of the
in their
own
world
system.
own
are acting as agents. Because almost everyone has at least one discontent,
a well-trained conscious agent can invoke the multiplyingly effective but unwitting agency of hundreds of other discontent promoters
ever-larger,
As
more
a consequence of this
who
and joiners
in
amplified, masses.
new
exists.
invisible
The highly
idealistic
war
decoy
operation.
wherever
es
and
it is
by demonstrating
enemy people
in themselves,
thermore
it
it
its
homeland weakness-
far
to destroy
more devastating
electro-
Critical Path
236
political states
sive
is
it is
all
of their organized-
discontent actions.
States
and Russia
$200
billion a
erage about $20 billion a year waging psychoguerilla warfare. Both the
so in such a
more
who came
manner
costly all-out
they were being excited into doing had anything to do with Russia.
American
break
students' idealism
down America's
was often
brilliantly exploited
The
by Russia to
Theretofore
in
What
The
shooting.
"sitting
The
knew was
were
and
state universities
for them.
presidents.
Within one year the presidents of 100 universities of America were "shot
do
their
their faculties,
The determination of
the students to
own
all
dents.
While
by
all
all
unno-
more with
less.
40 percent of
of humanity
may
total
this
is
by further acceleration
One
237
It
all
more with
so
much
much
less
is
As
those
involved in the
new
invisible warfaring
discover that their aims can be attained only through the design revolution,
the young world-around idealists will have to face
all
up
to the question of
whether they prefer to keep on agitating simply because they have come to
enjoy a sense of power and importance by so doing. All
who
humanity
and thereby
from the
olution.
The
latter
war
realistically to eliminate
political
will
have to
and improving
scientific
the individual
this
means
that
my
made
possible
my
their
to the
ity either
Moon and
all
human-
living than
per-
ished.
many
trendings.
In naval science
arts.
and
In
my own
we have
objective: subjective
pen"; objective
"if I
"if I don't
do so and
so,
is
both subjective
will
hap-
sci-
ence means "setting in order the facts of experience and therefrom deducing
generalized principles
if
means "the
skillful realization
Critical Path
238
in
navy yards or
tools
tools
science
machine
and
that of designing
at
is
that,
when housed
can produce both macro
with
art
tools
human
muscle-maneuverability; at electromagnet-
human
that in which,
is
art tools,
we
design
of ships and special case ships and other special case tools as a com-
fleets
seas to
under the
to three-quarters of
i.e.,
over, or
all
commerce
against any
and
all pirates
ability to protect
such
lutionary phenomena.
which permits us
science
and
art
is
that of celestial
at
a date.
"the
art
is
is
that of ballis-
trajectory of an explosively
interior
and
exterior.
Interior ballistics deals with all the controllable variables governing the tra-
gun
is fired;
and
gun
is fired.
These controllable
inte-
length,
tures,
its
metallurgy,
and similar
its
itself,
is
One
The
239
listics
all
firing ship
and the
target ship.
The
exterior-bal-
course and speed of the gun-firing ship as well as of the target ship. The ex-
The
as
numerous
as the interior-
regarding the relative accuracy of the previously fired missile and the swiftly
calculated corrections to bring the trajectory on to the target.
In the science of ballistics the variables entering into the problem of firing
from a
swiftly
target ship
moving
fixed position
at a variably steerable
at
land.
and spaces
known
listics,
in the "plotting
room"
in the
laid
its
titles
and exterior
bal-
the bowels of the ship. All the interior-ballistics data was corrected
any of
gun
firing of a
when
data changed and was immediately entered onto the chart. There
which
all
enemy
When
all
place,
in,
gles of elevation
were arrived
Guns were
at.
arately
easily
at first individually,
guns
in constant
ship.
The
adjustment to the
rate of
changing of
rolling, pitching,
interior-ballistics data
was
and
As
by
a naval officer
all
It
is
ballistics.
these matters.
became
all
all
firing
as yet
all
combined sciences of
eralized tetrahedral
all
human-
Critical Path
240
mind-controllable participation in
cosmic, alternative-intertransforming
all
potentials.
It
was eminently
years, centuries,
known
in prognosticating for
many
the
the
prognosticating.
therefore decided to always include the most micro-macro cosmically
my
was not
"crystal-
Quite clearly the four special case design systems of the naval sciences
and
arts
mum
system
structural
in
all
excludes
It
all
all
the ob-
the mini-
is
the
irrelevant
We
differentiation
between
craft
and
in this
book and
industrial tools
pottery, baskets,
human. Because
takes two
it
humans
to
books the
in other
i.e.,
ex-
in the wil-
fire, etc.,
where-
produced by one
and to invent the means of that communication, we say that the spoken
word was
i.e.,
the
first
technologically effective
human
The
spo-
information on
human
how
to cope with
sciences
and
capabilities provided
arts
life's
make
challenges.
it
by class-one-evolution-developed industrializa-
differentiated
from
monetary-profit-motivated
politics.
Our "Legally
business
or
aptness of the
word
personal-kudos-profit-motivated
its
own
6,
manner
in
special-case self-ad-
One
24
up
38%
to
20%
to
132%
to
to $291 million.
For the
See also
The
first half,
or an increase of
p.
49%
government-operated
strictly
its
design-
facilities
Apollo Project
Washington, D.C.
in
Cape Ca-
its
Alabama; and
employed
It
its
admin-
business's industrial
ture of identities
istration headquarters in
to $4.6 billion,
II.
NASA
its
came
last year.
dramatically
its
into a
dim admix-
humans over
to the
Moon and
them
returning
safely
rocket-ferrying of
back on board our
Spaceship Earth.
We now
difficult task
by humanity of a
less visually
making systemically
and of doing so
and
industrial data
scientific prognostications
all
in a decade.
developed an as-comprehensive-
and
set
about
and
ical
resources broke
and
all
all
down
The metaphys-
To ensure
that
scale prognosticating,
scientifically
had
down
undertook
demonstrate nature's
in
own mathematical
search and
its
in dealing
with cosmic-
coordinate system.
is
242
Critical Path
who would
like to
umes of
incisively in
my
two-volume Syner-
Synergetics.
my
it
Nine Chains
to the
my
prognos-
They make
clear that
prognostications include
all
relevant variables.
guaranteeing that
and
Moon,
I will
my books such
my 760-year-
in
human
evolution that
it
undeniably
discloses.
In 1942
As
started so to do,
I,
first
of
human
that
is,
the history
pure and
to be accomplished.
qualifications
decided to
make
The
in
first
known
1250 a.d. So
posturanium
my
isolation
isolations,
chart, the
by a human
that of arsenicoccurred
first
#61
was not
room was
year after
isolated.
vertical
One
ninety-two to be isolated
in Italy
designed
my
came isolated, the position of it went one step higher. When history opens,
humans had already at some earlier times isolated and put to use nine
chemical elements. Nobody has any idea how, when, and where the isolations of carbon, lead, tin, mercury, silver, copper, sulphur, gold,
and iron
occurred. They were found already in use in different parts of the world
when humans
first
made record
started plotting
my
'**;:]:&.
I
J t
IS!
llllllli] ,.
tt!
^llH! HI
i!i,i
i5
"i'^iu
H O
I-
>
Z
<N
8o2
S2o
<z
OS,.
z O
O
2- ?l
u Jil ?v3,< i
32
<Ci
oS
?????????
Critical Path
244
high.
came 200
isolation
years later
The next
#27,
cobalt, in 1732,
and
later in the
same
The
rate accelerated
until
element #5,
boron, was isolated; during those forty years thirty-one other elements were
Between boron,
isolated.
down
ing
in 1810,
is
a slow-
in the rate,
gallium and europium, chemical element #63, another twelve were isolat-
There
is
from europium
to polonium, element
until
years later. Between 1932 and 1969 ten elements were isolated, from cur-
Not only
is
element
#92
the
103rd successive
all
#103
by
witnessing
their successive
is
before
numbers.
in wartime.
is
altogether a curve
then recalled that what pure science does today does not get into the
makes
tion.
years.
few years
an evolutionary ad-
life.
vancements
calls for
some inven-
environment of the
to alter the
it
eras.
One
245
new
eras in
human
experience,
asked
all
of human-advantaging environment controls that made it possible for humans to thrive under conditions in which the humans would, but for the
new environment control, perish and, from within the uniquely advanced
life-style
outside the environment control, and therewith propel the environmentcontrolling device
and
human occupants
its
in
one occupant-controlled
chart, in
520,
we
see
how Magellan
used a sailing
which he went most of the way around the world before he was
Three hundred
fifty
years later,
aluminum
humans circumnavigated
later,
The wooden
sailing ship
an ex-
little
We
have on
this chart
We
between four
circumnaviga-
in the contraction of
time tak-
en to circumnavigate from two years ... to two months ... to two weeks
... to
one hour.
It is
we should be
between completely
able to transmit
humans
point to
my
manifest in a
number of
ally decreasing
my
prognosticating
charts
many
charts of ephemeralization
shown.
human
Critical Path
246
we have
their
learned
minds
became progressively
it
clearer that
class-two evolution
and
to
That led
humans were
employ those
me
to
given
princi-
of class-one evolution.
ignorance
lute
learning
only by
that
trial-and-error
all
tell
What
my
"I'm hungry,
food and that
wrong
money
cost
at right angles
to cross-
coat.
the
What
They
all
would go
they
go
my
Go
after that
after
OK, I'll earn it." Buzz, buzz, honey-money bee. No human chromosomes say make the world work for everybody only mind can tell you
to earn
it.
that.
first
designed
all
life
on
complex of ecological interactions not only made possible the gradual con-
duct of
led to
all in
rity
It
seemed that the time would come evolutionarily when humans might
have acquired enough knowledge of generalized principles to permit a graduation from class-two (entropically selfish) evolution into class-one (syntropically cooperative) evolution, thereafter
making
all
the right
moves
for all
reached that
critical
make it
moment
we
of doing
all
the
wrong things
all
now
for the
unknown
last
to be so,
and highest
tide
sense into consciously competent syntropic participation in class one's eternally intertransforming evolution in support of the integrity of cosmic-
Prognostication
is
it
anticipates
what
is
going
happen to
to
make
they
us.
One
247
Navigation and
ballistics are
possible prognostication of
what
will
happen
we employ
if
the
full
by the generalized
intertransformabilities, as permitted
ways provide
six alternative
which
principles,
to play in "the
al-
game of
Universe." These permitted six moves for each turn to play are the six edges
of the tetrahedral system and are clearly explained in Synergetics, vol.
2,
537.40.
and
safe velocity of
Further,
human
travel, exploration,
vehicles
and
local
Universe.
into
for
possibility
crease in the range, speed, and frequency of humanity's travel and informa-
its
participation in ever-more
reached.
is
keep already-healthy
life
human
life
or in just
improving the chances for the healthiest to continue their optimum health
working eventually
health.
Bio-anthropology
is
lost their
good
humans who
health.
as
employment of what
is
known
as the "critical
launch scheduling.
full
assembly
testings,
and
Critical Path
248
critical
list
of
that has to be
all
accom-
The Apollo Project was the official name of the undertaking that
humans over to and land them on the Moon and return them
reached.
was
to ferry
mother
safely to
The
Spaceship Earth.
had
scientifically
all
In this book
of
"Humans
we have
set
in Universe,"
down our
and then
we
moment
bringing humanity to a
proaching
was
moment
critical
clearly visible to
however,
know
in
human
me and many
of any other
such an ap-
now
experiencing
we
history as
and
in the 1920s
fossil fuels,
are
there
did not,
was anything
that
they personally could do about this problem and any other such "too big"
problems. Nonetheless,
committed
its
my
life
passengers' regeneration.
adopted
in
my
have therefore
at thirty-two years
lifetime
in-
of
commitment.
Many
in
way
effectively in this
Soon
world
after 1927
crisis.
Game
as
an especially important
and tasks
integration of the
complex of self-adopted
self progressively
disciplines
my
found my-
inventory of dis-
covered errors and lessons thereby learned multiplied. Our chapters on the
formulation of a critical-path
within a decade
This
or probably
last section
itself
and con-
stitutes
my own
One
249
single
after, anticipatory
human
humans in
path. What
my
improve upon
will vastly
critical
now
it
is,
needed, however,
in the order of
my
some powerfully
in-
we
is
spontaneous formulations of
In presenting
need
it
it.
first
earlier
to develop, if possible,
the Universe
all
irrelevant
macrocosm all the Universe inside the system the presently untuned-in,
irrelevant microcosm
and all the small remainder of the present, individ-
gether with
all
omnirelevant
of
its
consists, to-
common knowledge
of tuned-in,
describe
conceptual
presently integrated,
Systems
considerations.
scientifically
tem
400.00"
Human
in Synergetics, vols.
is
and
2).
organisms are systems. They are complex but very important sys-
tools.
Some
Human
tools. In
less frequently
mind, discovering more principles, uses the organically integral tools to operate the simple, detached craft tools such as the stone
to
produce
much more
hammer and
such as a
hammers and
which the
tongs, with
tools,
knife,
Human
wooden
mallets
ele-
came
and
phant to an earth-working
tool,
the waterwheel, and then coupled the windmill or waterwheel with a grain-
grinding stone milling wheel; then in time conceived of the principle of using energy other than
human muscle
known
as
Critical Path
250
the machine tools, consisting of lathes, drill presses, metal planers, milling
performs
in far finer,
much more
slotters, etc.
initially
performed
tool
the metallic-substance-forming
in principle but
under
other of the
work and
and a complex
as matter
We
many
of our
which
as energy intertransforming
How apt a name for the human organism is "an interior and exterior metWe find that in these interior and exterior metabolic sys-
abolic system."
is
many
which
is
never vary.
We find in
its
and
all,
more
of the navy yard machine tools, whereas the exterior ballistics and navigation dealt with swiftly changing sea
navigational mathematics of spherical trigonometry itself consisted of eternally invariant generalized principles.
We find
abolic system.
We
find
our
critical
fre-
quently varying, widely ranging, highly specialized exterior metabolic systems, being operated by humans, which
range, rarely variant, interior
A.
number of humans
became, wherefore
everyone,
undertook
concluded that
would be optimally
are limited-
B.
humans themselves
if I
to serve, the
more
effective
effective.
fact that
verse
ing
One
25
enjoy humanity's
record
hundreds of
by a
in
total-known-Uni-
proven prognosticated-events-margin of
reliably
years.
There seems to be a
C.
dealing
intimately to the
work here
scientific generalization at
phenomena synergy
that relates
is
that a competitive
alized principles
in
employed
is
inferred
human
functioning
effective.
What
that
is,
they describe
in
no way suggested by
The
D.
generalization discovered to be
says,
commonly
"To be optimally
effective,
under-
and
incisively detailed
manner."
all
artifacts-produced-and-induced,
all,
and entrance
sustainable,
and
into a design-science-
unprecedentedly
high
we are
being taught by the foregoing paragraphs A, B, C, D, to immediately "undertake the greatest task with thorough commitment of attention to every
detail."
We
all
CHAPTER
Path:
Part Two
the preceding chapter, "Critical Path: Part One," sought to foreINstall
any hesitance on the part of humanity to go "for the
I
works."
to be everything for
While
is fairly
it
It is
everybody or oblivion.
simple to write a
list
of socioeconomic conditions
we
metaphysical success,
on producing the
depending on
is
we must remember
politically enacted
now
way
now
flap-
physical
based
pingly,
is
effective
and dawning
crises as
nonexistent artifacts.
Much
all
the artifacts
development
only of those artifacts that could be turned into the most immediate profits
as fostered
The emergency-wrought
political
adjustment will go on
"do the
The
great emergencies
may
of our critical
found
my way
into so doing,
252
my own
it
will
do the
essential.
arti-
Two
253
one-half
of Apolloour
ment of technology
path's
cal
that
was nonexistent
at the outset
criti-
I,
100-percent-
"Chronology of
Scientific
in
For the foregoing reasons most of the tasks that need to be attended to
in
all
tasks. It
that
it
is
political
a fundamental inadequacy of
wrong
tasks
the
is
struc-
life
accomplished technologies.
It
to be inadequate
life
support for
humanity
all
to be
which
will realistically
put
all
electrical-energy network
ac-
counting system and will integrate the world's economic interests and value
realistic elimination
of the
50 sover-
ogies.
Inasmuch
facts of
is
recall that
have
have tested
many
audiences of scientists,
see-
this
Sun "go down," though science
not what is happening. Remember the wind blowing from the northwest
ing the
is
at
scientif-
when
is
drafting the
wind by
us.
Re-
Critical Path
254
make
public
to
have
that
while melting
all
humanity
was
it
all
possible for
it
me
to
dard of living than any humans have ever experienced while simultaneously
phasing out
can
live
in its
all
because we
many
Because
derivative phases.
all
all
complished, our
Our
all
ac-
Project.
is
one of an omnihumanity
TV
history's totally
known
scientific discoveries
and
artifacts, all
of which have been influential in such a manner as to induce the chain dis-
The
resultant reconditioning of
synergetic effect of
major part
in
human
reflexes
all
implementing realization of
we
is
now
is
the world-around
by the
is
en-
realistic
TV
scenarioing
of the peaceful
uses
of the
already-
We
is
a class-two (or
lution,
almost
all
lutionary development
at outset to design
Two
255
our human-contrived path as closely as possible to the way our mind told
us
"God" would
I
design
had, in 1927,
path designing.
did,
it.
little
however, think of
it
in exactly those
same operational
"What
the
number-one, -two,
-three,
and so
artifacts
would be so
safely,
have
in grave
moments of emergency
peditiously to economic
my
Here follows
many
1927 and
order to
in
make
critical-path
program of
how
to be-
realization as
inscribed in
I call:
"Com-
alizing
Ecology
Integrities."
Phase
I,
Individual
which breaks
work
first
group of
and (B)
to be undertaken
aid of associates,
the
into
is
ini-
original
associates.
and
initial
work
to be undertaken
by
fol-
lows:
initiating individual
prior
to inau-
full-
Preliminary
Initiation of diary
and notebook
Initiation of photographic
documentation
Comprehensive
a.
Past
b.
Contemporary
Critical Path
256
c.
Theory of design
pertinent
arts to
be studied by the
initi-
Anthropological data
(2)
Energetic-synergetic
geometry
the
philosophy
(4)
(5)
(6)
Energy as structure
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
3)
of
size
logistics
mag-
means
magnetic means
2.
3.
a.
b.
Remote correspondence
at suggested local
laboratories:
a.
University
b.
Industry
c.
Setting
own
4.
up of informative
knowledge
in
laboratory
5.
b.
c.
Flowsheets submitted
a.
to:
Those competitive
steps 3b
and 3c
field
specialists
helpful in
Two
257
b.
c.
Make
and assemblies
sumed theory
6.
Second redesign of flowsheet based on available and suggested apparatus, price information,
7.
etc.
Prepare report consisting of diary of above, supported by photographic documentation and collected literature
with
trial-
Phase
IV. B.
Phase
II,
if
II)
Collective
involving plural-authorship
Adoption of assumptions
principles
1.
and
technology afforded.
latest
Comprehensive survey of
strategy
number
number
2 by associates (Phase
a.
assump-
by individual (Phase
I).
from
Realization
Realization strategy
II).
b.
General-assembly
mock-up
d.
Primary
assumption,
small-scale
models,
and
full size
assembly,
subassembly,
(stress)
e.
manufactur-
and
at various rates of
produc-
cies," "profit"
f.
its
reference drawing
Critical Path
258
g.
Drawing
in general assembly,
commences
parts
h.
is set,
with tactical
j.
k.
1.
desirables,
is
until
second prototype
been applied)
m. Photography of
all
and assemblies
parts
and inspected
n.
o.
p.
Operation
q.
cost
tests
r.
Photography of
s.
t.
all
phases
tests
field
tools
u.
Opinion testing
v.
Final production "clean-up" prototype placed in formal calculation and drawing with engineering budgeted deadlines
y.
z.
Production dates
a-1
set
templates
b-1 Fabrication of special jigs
c-1
and
fixtures
f-1
g-1
j-1
first
production
1-1
m-1
Two
259
Production commences
First field assemblies with
power
tools
and complaints
(1) Alleviated
(2)
Analyzed
(3)
or previous steps
all
2.
3.
Plotting the
to de-
4.
Tensioning
by
crystalline,
pneumatic,
hydraulic,
magnetic
means
5.
Compressioning by
crystalline,
means
6.
mum
rela-
steps,
minimum
tools,
7.
8.
9.
Assumption of industry
in realization
effort
10.
Designing for specific longevity of design appropriate to anticipated cycles of progressive obsolescence and replacement ability
as ascertained
1 1
12.
efficient
employment
stated
and
in later designs
capital ad-
260
Critical Path
13.
Logistics assumptions,
Nesting
(b)
Packaging
(c)
Field delivery
(f)
Field assembly
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
Numbers of
(a)
Types
(b)
Repeat parts
(c)
Subassemblies
(d)
Primary assemblies
20.
Number
of forming operations
21
Number
22. Schedule of
23.
25.
ings
from beginning
Two
26
28.
29. Establish a
30. Establish
niques
C. Public relations
1
to
all
phases of IV (B)
Education of public
Rule
Never show
half-finished
work
a.
no particulars that
sign
will
b.
compromise
i.e.,
the
sumer realization"
advantage
c.
Understate
d.
e.
Have prepared
all
when
"facts"
are ripe
That
my
1927 half-century
years overdue
come
My
is
illusion
it
which
is
it,
seemingly two
so
it
first- things-first
I
an
must avoid
critical path. It
objectives:
my
1927
which might
proposing.
It
feel
was necessary
that
would appear
my
con-
sense.
I
me
was able
to
do exactly
my
that.
me
knew found
"fascinating."
Critical Path
262
my
frequently gave
"Buck Rogers"
me
told
my
now
I will
in
criti-
terms of the
many
critical-path-relevant
For instance, we have pointed out that the geologist Frangois de Chardenedes wrote for
me
of petroleum,
retail
customers for
Combine
to
if
electricity,
utilities
now
charge
dollars a gallon.
of the employed in U.S. America are working at tasks that are not producing any
life
fire
preoccupations
company
their
bets that
house
is
it isn't.
going to be destroyed
All these are negative
About 60 percent of
life
life
mic-physical-Universe
their jobs
thereby, each
dollars
life
activity in
is
metabolic
Humans
Long-known
how
is
signed to learn
America
human
all
protection,
in all the
CIA, and
ac-
are de-
no longer cosmicly
The 350
tolerated.
tril-
human
human
job-holders in
all
other auto-
on as
at
As
that enable us to
is
for instance,
computer and
"Which would
all
the questions
more no-wealth-
Two
263
and save
more
home
all
"Which
costs
more
paying
all
Every computer
to
will declare
it
to be
way
less
no
which each and every human could each day spend $400,000 staying
in
at the
much
rarely spend
is
only
percent
Why
things?
would
all
Answer
all
kinds of expensive
it
it
to get
life
dis-
to be able to
The
is
in split sec-
in a day.
would
like to
make some
as-
sumptions regarding the future use by humans of those hours. I'm assuming
work weeks
work hours per
lifetime. If we spent only forty of our eighty years at work, that would be
78,400 lifetime work hours. As of our present life-style, we would be giving
1 1 percent of our lifetime to work in producing for self or for others.
For instance, a four-day work week of five hours per day with a threeday weekend would result in living in the same spot and clogging up the
is
a forty-hour
forty-nine
highways with
chopping
life
local
into
Assuming
custom
is
com-
total of forty-eight
now assuming
the forty-hour
week
is
reducible to a twenty-hour
work
that
Critical Path
264
the constant intern service rate of 48 hours per week, the 36,200 hours of
lifetime production
can be accomplished
in
years.
We are now
able to
all
humans
probably
all.
We
is
great
work
We
means
age the students can enter upon their internship production service consisting of forty-eight-hour
upon four
years of this total fourteen and a half years of production service responsibility.
This brings them to age twenty-five. They will then enter upon their
At twenty-eight
years.
work
At
upon
more than
will
With
be free to
their
still
completed their
to live.
initiate their
human
own mind-
functioning in sup-
very probable that the technological advances will be far greater than
At
present
all
the great
new
(with which only the typewriters sleep) while a majority of city people sleep
in inferior quarters with
life
we
will find
almost
the great
new
we
humanity
in central cities.
than the "ultimate" city buildings, they will provide a satisfying step
for-
humans
for conferences
it
home
in
country or
city, to
we
fishly,
will
Two
permit
all
265
children to study at home, eliminating the school-
unnecessary
trillions
shall provide
set,
At home we
and video-edu-
anywhere
These
tive information
on any
will
and
make
it
subject.
on any given
authorities
num-
The system
will
of answering the questions or even the same questions asked and answered
until the child
is
To make children
more confident of
ever-
their
thoughts, each will be given access to basic tools and direct experiences in
the purposeful use of the tools.
Children and grown people will be able to get their continuing intellectual
home
terminals.
is
in locally
to converge.
who have
They
is
self-education.
They
will
it
it
data,
The intimate manuscript records of all the great selfeducated individuals show that they discern intuitively when and what it is
rived principles.
that they
egies.
want
The
second
is
first is
by going to those
direct experiences.
The
live
third
is
do so by four main
strat-
The
humans who have educated themselves from
by self-conducted experiments,
if
to contact through
now
At
today and
eo. Since
tives,
all
it
would damage
personal equation."
is
millions
What
"What
is
mothe
falling in love
Critical Path
266
or male heroes, though knowing only their photographic images cast upon
a blank wall. All "the personal equation" was, and as yet
probably a
little
more poignantly by
in ordinary, personal-contact
electronics than
is,
transmitted
would ever be
feasible
life.
and researchers
am
certain that
have
which we are
all
perforce
total
Only thereby
ed.
vital
problems of
one
world
society.
Only
thereafter
may humanity
effec-
for solution
and enjoyment of
find
total
in respect to the
will society
life
on Earth.
Number
cial productivity.
one,
we
back to
new
The computer
basics.
The computer
will call
many
relevant
we
will continue to
development, inventive
ogies, etc.
Obviously the
at
home and
step
is
else said I
to
say to themselves,
convincingly, that
first told,
will
first
had
to do?"
Then
"What was
had
them discover
let
to 'earn a living'
was
income
in
With complete freedom of choice, much of humanity will begin to discover that it loves to work at tasks of its own choosing that it loves to disthat it will compete
cipline itself to demonstrate its competence to others
with the
many
to
demonstrate
its
be
to do.
would be no pay
Olympic team
to prove that
to be allowed to
would
to
Two
do
better than
anyone
267
mission to serve on the world's production teams will be the greatest priv-
ilege that
is no joy equal to
work for all humanity and doing what you're doing
match the gratification of not just crudely crafting a
plaything for one child (which indeed can be very rewarding), but of pro-
kind are
As with
for those
all
automation to keep
to block
elsewhere, a replacement
want
to take
on the
more automation
job.
of others
to emancipate
who
list
who
sterile
developing the tools-that-make-tools and love their work will be the heart
you
will only
be able to
rent. If
use, the
system will
to teach
whatever
their fields
may
be.
They
will
will
time to their labors of love. Vast numbers will discover that they are earnest,
capable independent-research scholars.
What
if
unique,
we had were
celluloid
nitrocellulose devel-
and waterproof
We
had
in
many
kinds were
pens and casein (milk-derived) poker chips but nothing larger. Wanting better materials
and looking
is
at one's
own
fingernails,
ostensibly feasible, so
made
a comprehensive
dated
list
list
of
all
it
will
list
of
all
the
Critical Path
268
list
all
make
scientific research
You
the metals.
list
continually
of desired materials
Such
and accommodation
be one
facilities will
The
this
critical
last fifty
many
possible to consider
makes
years
all
would not be
It
without the discovery of transistors, which would not have been possible
without the prior discovery and development of
venting of
all history.
(See
Appendix
It
ically-possible capabilities
to
all
I.)
it
was
in
we needed
want a de-
wand, which
and that
Whether
behaviors.
this
real consequence. It
counts.
My
what was
is
dream
this
would be accomplished by
was
to be
done
at the
saw that
it
was
my
subvisible,
do that
reasonable that
is
that. I did
the artifacts that would best produce the desired results. Then, as
sented with
my
new
discoveries
artifacts to take
re-
atomic
proven
desired. I
fi-
easily possible to
do could be done
society.
and developments by
others, I
first
pre-
must redesign
pabilities.
I felt
opening doors
in
my
sign of
collision.
My
my
me know
tric cell
Pittsfield,
my
brother telegraphed
had
me
to let
As
it,
would
a practical and
Two
269
my
brother considered
had not
my
serious inclusion, in
my
myself and others. The critical-path concept had not as yet been conceived
and incorporated
in engineering-school curricula,
"Thank God, the just-invented photoelectric cell has saved you from being
a liar. You can get one from General Electric for seventy dollars." The accordionlike foldable door also had not yet been invented in 1927. It was invented ten years later, once more saving me from "being a liar." So it went
with hundreds of
my
of 1927.
Therewith
made
technology.
It is, in fact,
is
for yourself
you can
may
never be grat-
own
generation.
and
to
CHAPTER
Critical
Path
Part Three
Without losing sight of
er, I'd like to
all
soil
like to
its
and the
ways
to hold onto
in a very
We
let
dam
We
can
period will look at our whole planet only omniconsiderately, whether dealing with the conservation of the soil or with
lically, in
irrigate
how
to
most
effectively,
in
to
there are
some immediate-past-his-
As recounted
in
1926 "bad hog market," which led to the 1929 Great Crash, which led
turn to the 1933
New
Deal, after
all
in
banks foreclosing on their farm mortgages and their farm machinery, the
270
27
terbelts,"
ly
rains,
program
instituted a
trees
initially
varieties
of slower- but higher-growing bushes and trees. These high hedges enclosed
square "sections"
quarter
square miles
and new,
soils
fertile
plains
flat
in
rich
farmland.
prairies of the
United
States.
soil-building theory.
The
all
New
Israeli shelterbelts
in deserts
with the
forms huge,
and bushes.
re-
later,
productivity in
potentially
and
As
of
New
Had
its
people's
it
all its
people, adminis-
different story. It
still
way
World War
II
there
was no mechanical
From 1900
until
refrigeration of rail-
and
fruit.
So many of the
artifacts that
now make
meat
possible special-environ-
World War
rest
II.
In 1933 the technology was not yet suitable for serving the
came
frequent. In the
in
America entrepreneurs
gain as money, in minutes of market trading, the major portion of the real
life-support wealth
labor.
For instance,
cattlemen produce the original cattle that are sold to feeding and fattening
room
table.
Of
me
Critical Path
272
all the corn and oththem renders those grains and kernels
saleable as fat for prices tenfold what they bring simply as grain. The fat
is useless to the buyer, but the hoax-myth that it makes the meat more palatable makes it impossible to buy the beef without the fat. If all the corn
and grain going into useless fat were converted into alcohol for driving our
cars,
it
fuel needs.
drove the prices paid to the farmer substantially below his costs,
his unpaid-for labor
New
let
alone
it
called
Under
this
program
local representatives of
the government would seal the farmers' harvests in local grain bins and pay
them a
was, in
engaging
fact,
Keeping surplus
etc.
met-
to keep
much
of his land out of production, thus fostering productive acreage crop rotation for rebuilding the soil
tuting
all
of
those
periodically
unproductive
practices.
acreage
For
practices
insti-
the
is
how
the government
came
to
of production as well as fixing prices so that farmers would not be victimized by the greed of the middlemen.
Now
the story.
set
of class-one evolution
we noted how
on the farms.
When
of farm machinery.
the
It
much
state to state,
occupy
all
the motels in
and harvesting
town
to town,
start in the
their
and
Deep South
truck-mounted farm
Their crews
sowing seeds
all
the
273
at the
northern bor-
ders of the U.S.A. and return to the South to progressively reap the now-
CB
radiotelephone-interlinked reaping-machinery
The grain harvested is now stored in the former "ever-normal-grainery" bins. The mobile-harvesting teams' managers then go to the local banks
crews.
certificates of receipt,
to the offices
economy huge conglomerate money-makmany smaller money-making acquisitions; no single product name can adequately describe the vast moneymaking characteristics of these new conglomerates. Only a unique collection
In most areas of the American
of alphabetical letters
now
identifies
ing to
history's originally
locally-owned-and-managed businesses.
"Practical"-size farm acreages rapidly grew from a
hundred
to thousands
When
workers.
with them the U.S.A. government's agreements to pay annual per-acre bonuses to the owners to compensate them for their nonearning, soil-conserving, rotationally
unused
acres.
both of the
olution
companies
as to
overwhelm the
all
Just as
humans' names
at
their occupations
in the
his
Smith
progeny Smiths no
International Telephone
erates
rev-
visible-product
owned
and electronic
older
successful,
and business-doing
credit
profitable,
and engages
in
now
this
adopting multi-ini-
names and logos without providing the public any means of knowing
what the initials stand for.
tial
Many
stance,
Exxon,
values of machinery,
etc.,
Critical Path
274
A man
the
first
Everyone
at that
time assumed that the American farmer was on the land and was a great
political
power.
As
I've
mentioned
earlier,
when
of humanity in America lived and worked on the farms. 'There resided the
great grass-roots votes."
live
all
were no longer
living
thought they were on the land. The politicians were misinformedly doing
everything they could to curry the voting favor of those vast-majority-ofthe-population "farmers" supposedly living and working "out there" on the
land.
the farms
all
human
not
real, live
politicans found
it
"worth
their while" to
main-
tain the old picture in the public's concept. It provided invisible latitude for
their wheeling
and
dealing.
in cities,
all
being worked by those farmers has persisted to this day. The illusion persists
despite the fact that superhighways-
drive and
The
fly
illusion
ever
is
more
lie
on
the horizon because the farmers did not wish to live or have their livestock
near the roads, and the superhighways have been led along the outer "sec-
The
Once in
tion lines."
tances.
superintendent.
The
his
is
remote
dis-
occupied by a conglomerate
same
at
all
all
the favorable-to-
illusion exists.
along with their enormous uncultivated farmland acquisitions large subsidies paid out
cut out
all
275
is
a tremendous
all
the shelter-
production acreage," upon which they could realize very sizeable govern-
ment
ers of Kansas's
and other
states'
away of those
shel-
stars
terbelts.
We've talked
in this
exporting energy as radiation; and the syntropic loci in Universe where en-
ergy
is
We
noted
We
They
importing places
is
radi-
is
constantly being
derly molecular structures (matter), with other living creatures and organ-
We
numbers
Some
businesspeople undertake to
all
in as short a
numbers of digit
make
all
the
but
is
not the
medium
of exchange
counts in the bank ledgers, or as manifest in the stocks and bond portfolios
of individuals certifiably owning the corporate shares. Such abstract dollar
entropic "worth-making"
is
ume
of
material,
or
by
vegetation-and-its-physical-growth
and
by
vol-
ever-
entropy occurs in
many
ey with least costs, corporations put fumes into the sky and other wastes
into the sluiceways; they cut out the shelterbelts, letting the topsoil
blow
away; they cut out employees to save money, while making the customers
Critical Path
276
stand in line for long periods of time, often wasting the valuable productive
time of those in
line.
more
interest,
which
10 percent the bank keeps, wherefore the banks' transaction, having pro-
itself,
means
count.
pic
syntrofurther
syntropic functioning in overall support of the syntropic integrity of eternally regenerative Universe.
soil,
want-
of artisans to build, of inventors to invent and develop time- and troublesavers for others
are
all
of humans.
syntropic.
human
ing.
We may
two
is
safely
entropic, for
it
drive to
convincedly committed
make money
is
inherently
to
nal) inadequacy of
until yesterday.
ily
The
is
human
They were
life
is
to
do so primar-
a fundamental (exter-
with so
ratios,
design, take care of everyone at standards higher than any have ever
known.
humans there is an innate inclination, propensimake sense and to produce order in consonance with
The assumption by many humans that there is only entro-
even drive
universal order.
to
is
phases of energy separating out from any one system and by not look-
ing at the
We
will
now
ergetic integration of all the objectives of the great half-century critical path.
its
277
The
ments, Appendix
I.)
fifty
during the
It is
last half-century.
a fact that
we can now
chemistries
able
in
the
all
chimney-escaping
or
sluiceway-escaping
"wastes," which, though unwanted by the local manufacturers, are necessary chemical-element components in the overall syntropic success of eternal regeneration of Universe. Nature has
no pollutions
it
into
simply energy
which the timing of the omniregenerative
cos-
strategy
is
all their
We
will
now
how many
We
for
whose
smog
as a special case
what
later.
syntropic problem
in the
is
is
called
like
"smog."
to east, the
off.
it
being sucked from the northwest highs by low-pressure areas of the tropics
in a southeast direction for the
nomena we
drafts.
They
From
humanity
North
slopes of
is
Equator
the ma-
all
impinge
We
is,
in fact, electrolytic
we used
the
airs
warm
air.
low-floating,
calling
formation
is
in fact electro-
impinging on the
warm
mountainside, bringing
Critical Path
278
about electric-potential differential and electrolytic
fixation,
which produces
those lovely mists riding the western mountain slopes, particularly of South-
all
all
cific islands.
We
cities,
each with
own chamber
its
of
of money.
to invite industry to
move
into their
domain
Having many
it
locally occurring
oil drilling,
pumping,
re-
fining, storage,
of the
oil fields
built a vast
its
number of huge
refineries in the
demand
its steel
city.
On
for steel products in the building of the oil refineries, their storage
differentials,
which
warm
airs,
in turn
with the fumes locked in on the underside, which then acted as a widespread
lower atmospheric
lid,
basin.
in-
produced phenomenon.
became politically articulate about this "air pollution" and went to their city government saying, "We mustn't have this in
our city." The city government then went to the utilities, refineries, and
steel manufacturers and said, "Stop putting your smog-producing fumes
into our sky. We've looked into the situation and find there exists equipment
that makes it possible to precipitate that fume. But you don't have that
Los Angeles's
citizens
it
will cost us so
much more
to
in that fume-precipita-
produce here
in
L.A. than
does companies producing in places that don't have such controls that we
279
move out
of your city."
We're
Los Angeles.
We
city
is
is
our
essential to
political sur-
your
up
it
in
fault. It's
The people
said,
We
a law was passed saying that nobody could incinerate within the city limits.
The people did stop incinerating, and the smog abated but only in minor
degree. The real offender was the industrial fumes. Along came World War
II, and the issue was buried under more immediately pressing matters.
When World War II was over, great numbers of additional citizens
moved into California. Suddenly the smog problem was back, and the whole
act of pre- World War II was repeated. The people complained to the municipal government, and the omnichanged government personnel had entirely forgotten about what had happened twenty years earlier. They went after
the big corporations, which threatened to leave town, and the city once
Once more
We
the city blamed the people: "It's the fumes from your auto-
We have taken
air,
oil
"Why,
polisaid,
it.
facturers to produce
car."
men, the
The people
oil
and
install special
that. It
way
to
Christmas and
New
Year's
Days
new and
is
able to
As
all
New
weekend before
Year's Day.
down
It
their plants.
the holiday proceeds, the air gets clearer and clearer, until on
New
Critical Path
280
Day
the
you
find
snow-capped moun-
Year's
traditional
tains. If
scientific devices to
from the
have taken
hills
it
molasses-brown cloud
on
roll-
ing in from the southwest gradually to obscure the whole of Los Angeles.
There
no question about
is
ernment anywhere
fore, cities are
It is
it.
utility
America
in
is
going to
let its
while blaming the people. Air does not stay in any one place. There
myth about
posterously stubborn
space.
This
is
my
air."
"this being
my
is
a pre-
or someone else's
air-
air
belongs only to
We're going to have to gradually recognize that whatever our central gov-
ernment be
ment
it
whether
it's
is
matter what
it
of business.
No
costs.
one
Companies must
will
we
figure a
company's
no
or be put out
this
taxes,
We do have the
well-proven physical
we
company
year,
when
taxes by whatever
operation
may
be. All
companies
will
be able to compete on a
fair basis
re-
nies.
Society must
effects
profit to society.
The
ing
we
heaps.
was not
now
it
had
assumed
to be
consumed
i.e.,
to waste
until the
being handled
A company
is
War
call
that metals
dump
like
recirculation of metals
only by what
sumed
28
in the
in
World War
cerned with such matters began to recognize the economic advantages existing in obsolete-form metals returning as scrap,
highly refined and concentrated than were the newly mined ores. Scrap became extremely important.
The scrapmongers are in business to make money. They sell their scrap
metals only when they feel sure they are getting the highest possible prices.
To increase prices the profit-motivated mongers held onto their scrap. As
a consequence their yards get bigger and bigger as well as more and more
unsightly. This constitutes a blockage in the world's metals-recirculatory
system. This
together
all
means
that world
of
is
al-
government
is
more accurately
to be called recirculation,
is
economic advantage
is
when money-making
back the
all
all
the chemicals
affairs.
is
Today, in the
so great that
dwarfs the newly mined copper production, which provokes the world
is
progres-
of metals has the unique function of realizing the twenty-two-and-one-halfyear recirculation cycle.
that
make
it
It is
humans
at ever-higher stan-
Critical Path
282
dards of living with ever-less pounds and volume of matter and ever-less
ergs of energy
was able
pany,
who had
asked
me
was working
to give
Dodge Com-
Copper
is
tion
And
copper
ically
is
employed
in connection with
therefore log-
is
the shells inserted into the gun breeches. Because of these facts, the
for
copper
in
demand
and
huge demand
its
and the
also
much
less
mining and refining copper so low that the cash value of the average
silver co-occurring
exactly paid
itself. The
The mineowners then decided to
mine only when the prices bid for copper were at a peak. The prices bid always peaked in wartime. With World War I over the world copper cartel
waited and worked for the start of World War II.
mint
for copper
was
profit.
In the 1930s the big copper companies were badly bothered by the influx
Up
to the time
when
came
to study
the copper situation, the rates of evolutionary change were so slow that the
mineowners had no idea that the copper they sold would ever come back
on the market to disturb
By 1936
reviewed
their price.
all
Dodge asked me
to
als
world very accurate records are kept about how metals have been and
are
now
how much
stance,
there
Copper
is
expensive,
pensive metals to a
station
it is
thirty
is
built into
pounds of copper
in
an automobile. In 1936
try to
nonsparking.
You
af-
is
used in a gas
equipment
because
around gasoline.
I
was able
283
all
the
main categories of
their use
for
instance, the inventoried copper in all extant buildings, in old roofings, gut-
and
terings,
and so
forth.
The
is
an inventory that
is
once every
from big
fifty
What makes
rate at
years.
city buildings
the
is
which the new technologies occur that make obsolete the older tech-
faster
new
between
lag
means
ered only on a basis of figures. If this one works better than the others to
a sufficient, numerically expressible degree without lowering contiguous behavioral efficiencies,
facility will
it
No human
airframe, power
and ground-controlled
flight-pattern technologies
there
is
five-
year gestation period between invention and industry's adoption for use.
The
discoveries
visible
and
tifically
invisible.
When
both
where
there
is
tions are adopted that spells the rate of obsolescence of the technologies they
are to replace.
By
in-
vention and use, five years in aviation between invention and use, ten years
in
automobile manufacturing,
buildings,
and
fifty
amount of copper
in
we
integrate the
of use, and thus find the average rate at which copper (and
all
the metals)
pri-
Critical Path
284
marily in America. In one year, 1917, humanity took more copper out of
the ground, refined
duced
and put
it,
it
to
world throughout
in all the
all
cliff
on the
world
"all-history charts of
while,
told Phelps
Dodge
in
Mean-
editorial staff
of Fortune magazine in 1938. In July 1939 the head of research for Phelps
Dodge
called
me up on
New York
is
absolutely right.
all
Go down
to
ships were cargo barges filled with scrap metals, piled enormously high.
Copper
is
enough
plentiful
efficient
manner. Copper
is
enough
a sensitive metal
to
the
do
copper
II
to
also
came
in the price
coming back
twenty-two-and-one-half years
Hoping
ore.
was
at exactly the
after production
along,
and
all
unbeknownst
back
fire
along. It
at
rate as
all
Japan to
same
for the
Germany and
later when World War II did come
scrapmongers to do. The public in
the American
busi-
ness public didn't catch on to the idea of metal-scrap recirculation until long
after
World War
II
was
over.
Rome's "Limits
to
recirculation.
I
now
more with
how
to
less
doing
do more with
By
ty-two-and-one-half-year cycles,
many more
we had
came around
learned so
people at a
in their
much more
much
we have
twen-
that
we
is
nature's
way of taking
at ever-higher
metal
285
by
all
the lives of
am
all
people in
all
live.
without
This coming
re-
past time.
these
all
that of
all
all
them so
to do.
in every
to send their
have
now
any geographical
ly" (Chapter
Now
first
ent organizations.
become
country per-
monks and
in-
religions
mitting
recirculating
limits.
3), is
completely transnational.
national pens.
mer
times,
to cope only
now
the
full
at specific loci
around
one evolution.
America
ities
of class-one evolution.
in
migration to America and the United States since the Mayflower landed in
at
first
come
in to the
United
States,
The people
start-
ed to become outbound again, but this time as cross-bred and as yet further
cross-breeding world people.
how humanity
first
drifted
Ocean
Ocean humans
Critical Path
286
and then southward along the west coast of North and South America, then
westward again to where they had started. This drift pattern left small colonies vast millennia ago,
later
arrivals.
how
us
people
human
ever-faster-westward-colonizing or gypsying
later the
families
as
guns of the
and individuals
developed
common
eventually
became
tional defenses.
settled
We
in
the last half of the twentieth century where the largest and most powerful
abstract institutions
transnational.
religious, financial,
Humans, trapped
in
and
political
have
become
all
interests.
money
is
local
of the metals supply by the expanding arms industry plus the trade barriers
we have
realize
must
ful
it
There was a time when the United States was incredibly power-
go.
right after
World War
II.
in
America
make
as we've
which we
its
own most
shown
internally
it is
also
still
ergo, free
is
now
United States
is
true;
both
to speak to
them
five
those
all
all.
will perish.
dictator can
make
287
dictatorial party,
posed of only
make
is
com-
a quasi-democracy such as
oath of
sovereignty against
foreign incur-
all
sion.
If
any president of the United States or prime minister of any other quasi
is
difficult
of
sovereignty the
its
all situations.
Therefore
in-
way
the end.
It is
simply nature's
and thereby
gether removing the most stubborn barrier to the free circulation of the
Earth's world-around metals, foods, and income energy supplies and people.
We
are
now
We now
repeated option to
make
all
all
nology.
In support of that statement
"critical
we
will
engaged
now examine
in thirty-eight years
ago on behalf
of Brazil, a plan whose full-scale realization was set for 1993. Because this
plan
is
it
We
in
Chapter
5,
"The Geoscope"
War
II secret
(p.
meeting
186), that at
in the
Bay of
Fundy, Roosevelt accepted Churchill's grand strategy, which called for the
initial
i.e.,
As we have
its
radio-triangulated surveying
to be extended
Critical Path
288
Pernambuco
(Recife)
mid-South At-
lantic.
Dakar on
gos on the coast of Africa's Equatorial Gulf of Guinea. These two adequately-far-apart African points
were
finally radio-intertriangled
What
is
is
all
demanded
that com-
in
exchange
was
a well-informed
of Brazil.
Roosevelt's staff gave the planning task to the U.S. engineering
that
the
Morgan
on
profit
their
seemed
trial
economy was
their
swiftly
at
all
the
modernized for
its
World War
known
kinds,
all
an enormous
saw through
foreign, electric-power-generat-
J. P.
Morgan's
sively in favor of
At
J. P.
company
and
II needs.
Vargas
it.
had
and other
ex-
much was
litical-scenes
his experts
were convinced
geography and
its
who
As
inspection of
my Dymaxion
Sky-Ocean World
emy
is
in the Arctic
Map
mostly
tively
in desert
rela-
lation in
the
95
percent
illiterate,
hungry farm
pri-
289
the
"first
During the
first
five-year-plan
realizations
ing adequacy of
life
suffering, great as
it
which was
final goal,
support for
The
all.
produce a thereafter-ongo-
to
price to be paid in
millions dying
communism
produce a better
life
for
its
demonstrate that
it
in
could
which
obviously produced
and themselves
subsist
map shows
Such information
was
trol conditions
that,
ered
much
1929 economic
first
had discov-
five-year plan
make
contracts with the theretofore leading but in 1929-33 idle primary production corporations of the U.S.A.
up of prototype
steam
hydro and
and
refining, etc.
alive.
all
like
you
terview
to
all
do
for Brazil
is
to have
someone
who
in the
What
would
in-
Vargas
felt
more about
found
in the literature.
The White House sent this task to the engineering department of the
U.S.A. 's Board of Economic Warfare for action. As head mechanical engineer of the board, and in consideration of
in plotting the
my
background
Critical Path
290
Dodge Company
world) or
my
of Fortune magazine
The
thing
first
partment,
(at the
who had
Moscow
De-
State
1929 before
in
U.S.A. engineers
who went
of his 1929
travel
Moscow
staff,
arrangements for
man
the
all
Through Habicht
as
participated in the
first
all
of
whom
had
U.S.S.R.
Anybody could
1
had
come
for
them
for
to
in,
and
if
was
so,
made
it
easy
would be permitted
to
do so provided they also produced for Brazil a stockpile quota, which would
always provide Brazil with a quantity of that metallic element equivalent to
2 percent of the quantity of that element
since Brazil's population
to exist
on planet Earth
executives
known
that Brazil
was
me
then started on
my
"When
was
lists.
succession of interviews.
my
successive interviews
which
291
that
we were
a cotton mill (or whatever type of production unit they were the experts
we were
for),
My
thought they were crazy talking that way. But now, today, look
My
factory
this
minute!
tended to pay
is
little
What
and
It is
me
of
or no attention?"
at those
all
my
interviewees
their recalls
relevant.
On
my
their recalled
officers
had learned.
my
had
room
is
all
many marginal
what
pencil notes:
"Good," or "I
re-
didn't
any items that did not have a sponsor from amongst the
all
first
draft were:
it.
comment.
letters,
but indicated
my
texts.
comments
They itemized
a total
of 13 objections and gave 146 itemized approvals, covering 125 individual paragraphs in the outline, and
made 52
ditions or modifications.
Just as
my
Forwarding of
it
to Brazil's
new
political leader
Critical Path
292
The
an
affront.
in
my "Compendium"
thought so well of
it
that he took
it
informally to
my
From
March of 1980
In
was
its
thought of the
now
from petroleum
to alcohol,
which
is
exactly
doing.
The "Compendium,"
as
called
it
in 1943,
to
it
1943.
No
Not included
made.
are approximately
It is
letters
from individuals,
etc.
A COMPENDIUM
OF CERTAIN ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES
PERTINENT TO BRAZIL'S CONTROL OF
IMPENDING ACCELERATION IN ITS
INDUSTRIALIZATION
Accrued
Who
and Firms
August
13,
1943
R. Buckminster Fuller
Chief, Mechanical Engineering Section
U.S. Board of
Economic Warfare
293
dent significance,
may
trol
pointed out by
realistic
all
field.
some
No
matter
how
may
periences outside their economy, they must themselves insure the success of
own program by
their
in turn
specific
requirements of their
was
It
order
there
to
objective.
world lends no
which
in this
and
to
sleeping.
do so
It is
in
With
objectives, that in
most expediently
to
be employed.
will continue
no matter how
cated base,
will
relatively
and passed
as milestones,
immature, so long as
it
INTERPOLATED CONCLUSIONS:
1
amid
(a)
To
means
make
would
be:
in effect a
network of
world integration
trends, are functionally called for by the fact that Brazil will represent the
294
295
all
and Africa
rope,
American
(b)
That
to the Americas,
all
of Brazil to
highway systems
That
may
Brazil, because
employ that
it is
from the
air
thus be expedited.
unfeasible to maintain closure of
make
therefore plan to
or leave
shall radiate
its
traffic.
opposing
its
ineffectively,
it
ever-renewing world's
in effect a nation-wide,
borders,
fair.
and
come
to
This should
help keep their external purchasing power high. Since Brazil's boundaries
throughout
lated
animosities
(d)
all
no trade
to
commu-
must be stimuprevent
border
That they should subdivide the whole geographical area of Brazil into
(d.2)
Cotton
may
i.e.,
its
own
city.
is
in
how
(d.3)
or
why
will
their surplus
human
the airports.
(d.4)
That
industries,
stockpiling,
in
and
in
efficient overall
expenditure of energy
to the total
econ-
omy.
(e)
manner
Critical Path
296
trend towards
economy and
its
to
its
its
most
development
efficient
energywise.
2.
ematical language of
(a) It
vacillation,
industrialization.
its
on the
metric system, to which U.S. producer (but not consumer) industries are
already adjusted.
(b)
by present trend,
3.
That
entific
12,
should the
in order to take
all its
sci-
skilled
no way be construed
shall
be
etc.,
the profits of
That
opment
all
equipment brought
in
by these concerns
remain
in
free.
credits,
in
kind of
That the schedule of increments shall be such that Brazil's approximate proportion of world population (i.e., 2%) shall be protected and instrumented in such a manner that the known world quantity of each
(c)
2%
remain-
ing available above grade in concentrated storage within Brazil. This in-
may
be taken out
may
chemical
ele-
ment resources naturally occurring within its borders will remain such
that its population may enjoy no less than the average standard towards
which the whole world trends,
i.e.,
distri-
297
an increasing proportion of
equity of
(d)
all
all
population:
therefore, towards
dynamic
process methods,
etc.,
be
left
sizes of
This will eliminate this always inadequate phase of detail planning from
government
4.
officials,
That
prime movers
is
power, and
tools,
economy
for
and
U.S. tools and at present providing the highest overall rate of service or
effec-
That
(c)
5.
all
shall not
be
initial efficiency.
Amazon
assembly
6.
line,
its
moving assembly
line.
is
to
be devel-
woods.
of
plastics
and adhesives
essential to fabrication
in
much
sat-
earlier indus-
economies.
Critical Path
298
tion steels or
aluminum
bodying superior
against
and
fire,
relative to proofness
by heat,
etc.
Speaking by
those of solutions in
That insofar as
7.
rigidity
steel;
1/3 those in
for the
through the
employment of these
plywood being
integrated,
inforced by wood-fiber.
That
8.
Brazil, being
new
products.
9.
war
latest
relative to
ery external mechanical function of man: (1) a picture for the best use of
all
simple tools, then (2) their extension into the machine tools, (3) always
mathemat-
ics.
That
all
vesti-
hold
life,
dustrial
or
its
improved conditions
(d)
life.
In
effect, that
realistically integrated to
the in-
provide
for both.
That Brazil recognize that the standards of industry are now ad-
vanced by prosaic
war
characterizing
work organized
if
not pleasanter
to realistically in-
human
as to
work than
home.
make
hitherto
299
(e)
even sub-
first.
ing firms or any consulting services rendered by the latter to Brazil's plan-
principle often
comprehended
clearly
i.e.,
much
as such;
was not so
in
local
tongue, could unconcernedly break the ice jams of political theory or expe-
be greatly delayed or never attained, because the stranger could break the
rules with impunity.
As
advantage of a
lable
outside the
ically
At
or local prece-
scientific perspective
upon
from
determined progress.
This perspective
well
feelings
"jamming
known;
ability,
government and
history.
Lowell of U.S. 's Harvard University the greatest living authority on English
government and
legal precedent.
authorities recog-
nized Lord Brice of England as the greatest authority on U.S. political history and government.
We
here in the United States are today receiving, from Japan in partic-
and
disadvantages
means
the
latter
provided the
inferior
original
sources.
many ways
in
many
in-
Critical Path
300
Under
may
expect
war
effort, if
consumer
i.e.,
BIG "DON'T":
Number one error in
in
Rus-
was that of their "economic planning. " The Russians divided their whole
program into "economic" and "technical" categories. The economic was
sia
supposed to come
first.
moment would
lyzing each industry by materials employed that they could deduce the final
was a
static viewpoint.
to
base.
To comprehend
portant errors.
Nations
[i.e.
Many
United
failed to
that
understand that each product must be tooled from the bottom up;
who brought
would be
of non-preparedness.
It
unversed in theoretical,
cause before
it
was
let
started.
political
The
mass produce
promises to farm labor whose support they wooed. They gave priorities to
tractor production materials
tools
which must
come ahead of them, and the steel which must come ahead of the latter, etc.
The plant went tractorless for years after building completion and finally
functioned best as a fortress at Stalingrad. Some said this was because the
Russians had slyly planned for
over-built
it.
all right, in
it
so. It
was
just thoroughly
301
assumed
power
that the
on how to solve
all
utensil industry
equipment problems.
dan
chairs, doublets,
of lead
and
if
was the
It
final
would have
started all
economic
in coaches, se-
tin equivalents
totals
of which to evolve their forward economy. This accountant type of economist, unfamiliar with mechanics as a
always
classifications,
fails
as a planner.
Amongst
their
it
in
soil their
American engineering
As
helpers.
was unheard of
that
complete years
in
It
hands.
ence, engineering,
ics'
as a
hard-won success
Now,
it
field
after graduation
spend two
if
now
would be
as lifeless
for three-
an
affair as
is
and
useless, but
it
The
effect
its
up
to
It
and build-
innate
ings springing
own
their
own
rope from which U.S. professional architects were copying the "orders,"
new modern
architecture.
ternational architecture,
in-
re-
Critical Path
302
command
It is
much
economy
of the present
is
tury scaffolding work, so to speak, surrounding the net final twentieth-century structure just emerging.
In this connection the railroads, for instance, represented a horizontal
scaffolding for temporary delivery services to set
up an economy
that could
now adopt
now
de-
many
errors
and experi-
it
first
for their
own development
ex-
cept in the terms of the land value increments accruing to the rights of way.
They were
therefore
bonded
would
indirectly
and develop the resources whose raw or unconcentrated products were then
carried
great
distances
to
highly
and
centralized
relatively
had been
much more
inefficient
sufficiently ad-
thoroughly and
quickly.
By
the
the railroad
percentage of the per capita railroad development of the trackless land and
air transports,
moved
its
ume
in accelerating vol-
initial
maximum
of land
transportation advantage
modern railroad coach with one passenger weighs 140,000 pounds per passenger. The weight per passenger fully
loaded is 3400 pounds. This is greater than the weight per passenger when
i.e.,
the average prewar auto weighs only 600 pounds per passenger. Postwar
cars promise to reduce that average to under 300 pounds. Overall, door-to-
vide advantage over the auto or railroad in ratio of better than ten to one.
It
303
el,
ical
many
times as heavy
and
to a design lev-
the weight
now
increasingly complete
War and
the beginning
design
trol
landing are
ricane or
in
minus
tures of
65 F. This
stratosphere tempera-
F. to
advanced
in every
capita.
their foundations,
averaged in excess of 100 tons per capita and will be obsolete in ten
still
years.
from a rail-borne
this vast
change
throughout
all
in
to
an air-borne economy,
it is
necessary to envisage
services
which
will
is
certain to
and know-how
created not only by the negative factor of war's end but by the most positive
re-
two
zil,
billion population.
with
Amazonian watershed,
its
paper-making potentials
houses),
is
in a
its
hardwoods,
network of jungle
centers,
its
aluminum,
its
Bra-
superior
exploration
(for
all history.
initiate this
industry on the
and
Critical Path
304
highest building rate ever attained in the U.S. provided only 280,000 single
cence
offset
failed
miserably to keep pace with civilization from 1913 on, obviously could not
vance of
it
in ad-
can be relied upon by Brazil as the major category of direct physical communication. Air communication
may
by railways.
surplus, shut-down,
to find out
how many
and scrap-dumping,
steel,
vice advantages,
need,
we came
energy designed,
it is
in
steel. It
though
ef-
steel
only within recent months that steel has been importantly reduced
in building, so strong
difficult to
change were
and
economy
were taken by the engineer designer, Albert Kahn. These were effected
through continuously welded
steel reinforcing
steel
forcement.
Opening
month
just this
is
the
first steel-less
bomber production
quirements of
feet,
the Austin
nated
Steel
50 and 200
Company
wood members
re-
all
structural columns.
and
footings,
effect.
fire
It
was
better building.
The
equivalent insur-
was completely equipped with sprinklers linked up by plastic cononly steel used in the plant was for tools and equip-
ment.
Des
structure
at
prewar industrial
to
without deleterious
feet,
unknown
plant of
Company
305
to Brazil, with
operations, that
is
steel
its
hardwoods so eminently
in its Brazilian
is
evident. It
is
even indicated that the bases, arbors, and frames of the machine tools themselves, etc.,
steel casting
now be
expeditiously supplanted in
many
and
in recent
steel sections,
could
compound curvature,
laminated hardwood structures.
instances by
STANDARDS:
While a great deal of additional information was received from the
views in connection with
sizes of
inter-
"insectine"
such
bushel
silos,
market elevators of
1,
2,
and
these
are, of course,
to
effort.
solely
organization
matters,
is,
is
in
is
views.
It is
worth noting that there has been a long-time trend to increasing de-
such
ment of dollars
fields, in lieu
in uncontrolled operations.
SAFETY FACTOR:
In spite of a clearly defined trend of the major opinion cited in this report,
it
is
first
five-year plan
was characterized
also
renovated
in
many
in-
brand-new economy,
literally
growing
its
built its
Critical Path
306
To this new Russia they shifted their new tools from the European
when the enemy advanced and allowed their renovated old industry
stations.
theatre
to take the gaff, essentially liquidating their "foothold" plants of the first
five-year operation.
In the
trial
plant
may
for realistically
when
its
brand-new
scientific
and
that
it
may
to develop them,
no matter
concerned.
There
start a
is
no reason,
for instance,
why
living.
The
is
It
has been penetrated by few of the Brazilians, who, living in the cooler south-
east,
of Brazilian jungles as do
it is
hell of the
them with
Brazilians inquire of
as
New
North." Ford
much wonder
officials
no way lends
itself to
An
entirely different
means
its
from those which augmented the pioneering of the U.S., Canadian, and
Russian hinterlands.
Almost so simple
hard way,
in
that
it
will
be shunned by those
who
would approach
is
this
the technique
now
it
ports over the whole country, into which pattern mechanical devices would
etc.
equipment,
receive
its
quota of machine
and then
its
tools, drafting
personnel would amplify the hold on the jungle. This "island" network of
"tropical research
new
307
struc-
Brazil.
Dramatically emphasized by
its
poration of America.
The
wireless
New
in
same way
ment of
it is
its
buy, postwar,
helicopters,
effective
if
and easy
own
They
will
be able to
account, thousands of
this
to integrate.
number one
war's
lesson,
i.e.,
is
that
it
Any economy,
its
can outperform, per capita, any other economy in direct proportion to the
degree of the initial control in planning conceded to science by politics
"outperform" as measured
is,
in
that
will
effort
should not be allowed to obliterate this lesson. The United Nations' already
its
ic categories,
outranked Germany's
many hundreds
percent.
initial
effort
adds up
new
run-offs, at the
was equivalent
mark.
And
to,
to starting
is
world
won by
until, in
fi-
Germany's horse
at scratch in a one-mile
volumetrically smothers the scientifically engineered combustion, that blanketing must never be allowed to blind the world to the technical significance
is it:
economy has
Critical Path
308
may
start
start,
oil,
ment accomplished.
obsolescence.
intellect
Thus
is
at-
Concentrated energy
etc.
is
in-
divests
itself
of slavery
to
human
fired munitions,
junkyard or
is
more widely
in obsolete building,
machine, or
fixtures,
in highly concentrated
it
must be
i.e.,
in
realized,
chemical elements which had been "reworked" by nature many times before
man "worked"
They
plentiful.
is
in their
most
pure mathematics.
efficient
them
is
efficiently useful
Any
evolutionary
CHAPTER
10
Critical Path:
Part Four
Having committed ourselves to solving humanity's problems with
we can use the Geoscope and World Gaming strategies as a
"test-bed," and can now sort out which comes first of various artifacts
all of which are going to be needed to get Spaceship Earth operating omartifacts,
nicooperatively on behalf of
all.
to
No
single
move can
itself.
bring us
more
and
re-
energy network fully described in the Introduction to this book and the
world
electrical
energy
fixed activities
fixed in
trains, airplanes,
and
satellites.
So seem-
ingly stationary are city skyscrapers that few think about the fact that
their parts
parts
far
away and
that
many
all
of those
in the course of
309
Critical Path
310
do not
refer to
camping
or tents,
trailers
speak
many months
or
years but which are readily and economically transportable and reinstallable
As
now
repeat in a
more comprehensive
manner, in 1800 the average human being was walking an annually cumulative distance of
the average
human
By 1900
100
miles but the average U.S.A. citizen's annual vehicle-ridden miles had in-
of
is
100 miles but in the U.S.A., Europe, and parts of the Near East, Asia,
Africa,
and Australia,
all
all
race. If
we
to pro-
humanity
mentioned
The motion
Two main types of environment controls are reunder one dome for convergent phases of human living
divergent to-and-froing.
quired: a whole city
ment
Since 1927
air-deliverable
and
domes
for
remote deploy-
others.
all
and
their survival
equipment
mean
as can
be produced only by the most advanced aircraft and space technology and
the latter's level of technical problem-solving. In 1927
will not
to all that
anticipated a
fifty-
new
my
Fly's
in all
my
They
The Fly's Eye uses a very few types of nestable, mass-produced fiberglass,
sheet aluminum of thin gauge, or polyester-coated sheet steel components
that, when assembled, produce a 5/8 sphere of the "Hex-Pent" geodesic
configuration. As with the ports and pores of all organic systems, the size
and shape of these openings sort, sieve and classify the in-bound and outbound physical-component traffic of metabolic regeneration which the Fly's
Eye domes embody.
The Fly's Eye domes' "pores" are all seven-foot-diameter circular open-
ings.
311
cell
Four
etc.
The
compo-
nents constitute only one-fourth of the structures' surface. Since the circles
have
low
ergo, at
relative cost.
The
structural shell
watershedding system
rimmed
that,
all
The
rain
cylin-
some combination
thereof.
They
will serve as
eration of the dwelling by parabolically collecting incoming energy in sunlight foci, liquid-heating cells
Figure 41.
dome
prototype
312
Figure 41
Fly's
one
is
Fly's
sizes.
The smaller
twenty-six-foot-diameter
shell
is
and water-
Both twenty-six- and fifty-foot-diameter domes can consist of two concentric identical
interconnectors
this spacing
six inches
produces highly
is
made
inter-
circle
end of the
and
cir-
The smaller
Four
313
a conventional house, but huge next to a van, camper, or almost any of the
Optimum
at the
marina
The larger Fly's Eye is fifty feet in diameter, capable of enclosing three
or more stories (each of 2000-square-foot floor area), a garden, trees, and
a pool.
its
all
space utilization will be quite different from the smaller Fly's Eye
fifty-footer
accommodates what we
call the
Garden of Eden
living
the
living
in a garden.
The
Fly's
Figure 42.
Fly's
as
components of a "livingry"
flooring
service.
314
Critical Path
The
basic hardware
Fly's
components
mobile.
it
Not only
will
it
be highly
will
produce a beautiful,
fully equipped,
incoming
light
and wind
energies.
air-
install, lease,
hardware components.
And
The
or high-
domes or
sold.
mous
tions.
i.e., have no
The personal
fifty-foot
Fly's
hygiene,
clothes-and-utensil-washing
air
functions
are
falls into
is
dry-packaging
toilet.
it is
The
verging edges of the two plastic sheets, which are then electrosealed together
whose
Four
is
The
be neatly packed
in a
and dispatch
tilizer
dome home
came
fertilizer
fer-
pow-
itself.
housing
ventions registered in the United States Patent Office. For eminently mobile
man,
cities
ware-
housing both new and formerly manufactured goods and housing immigrant
them
man
to
this challenge
way
for
obsolete real estate, streets, water and sewer lines, and yes-
no longer
humans
for
an entirely
feasible
Old
sought to take on
Man
River's City
is
one
such design.
Old
Man
name from
the song
matized the
first
of Afro-American blacks
life
St.
who
fifty
its
Louis banks of the Mississippi River in the days of heavy north-south river
Cessation of the
traffic in cotton.
American
city
traffic
marooned
left
many
of
its
Its
economic dead
in
overwhelmed by poverty.
rail-
Louis
population of 70,000
is
is
an
70 per-
cent black.
came to East St. Louis to discuss the design and possible reOld Man River's City, having been asked to do so by East
St. Louis community leaders themselves, being first approached by my
friend Katherine Dunham, the famous black dancer. At the community
I
originally
alization of the
leaders' request
It is
diameter at
its
base ring.
The
is
a half-
itself is
a mile
it
to permit
full, all-
around viewing below the umbrella's bottom perimeter. The top of the dome
roof
is
1000
feet high.
the umbrella
dome
is
500
feet
Critical Path
316
above the surrounding
radially
at the
is
250
same 500-foot
feet
height.
From the esplanade the truncated mountain cone slopes downwardly, inward and outward, to ground level 500 feet below.
The moon crater's inward and outward, exterior-surface slopes each consist
of
fifty
terraces
the terrace
above
or below one another. All the inwardly, downwardly sloping sides of the
moon
crater's terraced
The private-home
by
trees
terraces
and bushes to
isolate
life; its
outward-sloping,
dwelling.
life
any chance of rain and out of sight and sound of other humans, yet being
subconsciously aware that your
ers'
own advantage
is
zonal advantage.
The
homes on
family apartment set back into the "mountain's" surface. Each family's
totals
2500
feet,
innermost chord
its
line.
six-
hundredth of the circle's 360 degrees of arc. In addition there will be 1300
square
er's
feet
of the crater
fifty interior,
Man
communal, terraced
Riv-
slopes
city.
glass-cloth-pillowed umbrella.
The dome
will
is
admit
fire
sprinkler
Man
is
and
piped
River's City
twice the size of the playing-ground area of any of the world's large ath-
letic stadia.
it
Four
The
side
317
and
Man
The angular
difference
is
of a re-
like that
Many
Man
to
accommodate groups of
tennis courts,
whole
etc.
at the top,
that
is,
below the
moon
crater's three-and-a-half-mile-circumfer-
are
the
all
communal
services not
all
lots,
crosswalks and local elevators. There are radial crosswalk bridges at every
four terrace levels. These provide bridges
or
down
for walking
community
interior
facilities,
is
feet.
The
plex as
city is as
living,
through the
Because
seas.
Old
Man
125,000
humans
though East
St.
accommodate 25,000
Louis has
now
living,
families
only 70,000
humans
River's City
commu-
in 14,000 families.
limitations
ship's streamlined
i.e.,
nity
is
imposed by the
grouped
complete a
colossal
its
private
life
Man
extroverted.
is
all
the rest
all
the other
The
its
humans
difference in
present,
Old
though
Man
indis-
River's City
of 260 square feet of communal-terrace roaming space versus the six square
feet
i.e.,
the
From
from Old
Man
River's
City as far as the eye can see at the interesting Mississippi River scenery
outside the
moon
crater's
umbrella
limits.
City's
home
Outer Perimeter
4750m
318
Figure 45.
CM>
Model
MAN
of
Old
Man
RfVf R
>ru rsr.
Figure 45a.
Model
of
Old
Man
319
Critical Path
320
Figure 46.
Man
Illinois
sides,
The
is
hills
of
Hong Kong
hillside dwellers
Island or those
dome
only 2 percent that of the total roof and exterior skin surface area of
all
we
shell surface
increase
is
its
is
An-
its
we double
volume by
we double
the
the
eight.
dome
size.
This means that the structural efficiency, useful volume, and energy conservation are
all at
optimum
Man
in the
Old
Man
Throughout
With a
system atop and round the dome, together with the 500-foot-high vertical
city
The umbrella
will jut
all
the outer-slope
Four
321
snow
mass
as well as
by the
Optimum
City
is
crater
vertical
mass of the
The
crater's
to be produced.
and
way
in
which Old
Man
River's
moon
three-and-a-half-mile circumferential
its
with tangential shunting bypass tracks, on which great cranes and other machinery will travel.
The mammoth,
500-feet-high
and 2000-feet-wide-based,
will
re-
the A-frame tops at the crater's top-rim esplanade. These 100 columns will
be 500
feet
high and will be spaced forty meters apart, mounted above the
capped by a circumferential
The whole
feet
ring.
reinforced concrete. This terraced shell will be cast-mounted upon, and will
and
wires.
The
web of
web
spider-fine steel
basket will be suspended from the A-frame tops at the base of the 100 col-
is,
their
equimagnitude highway
The 1 500-meter-
(one-mile) diameter
traffic bridges.
dome
itself will
be a horizontal wire
dome suspended
dome
wardly from the one-mile-diameter parasol dome's outer rim. This results
in
its
two masts.
first
resolve
must
be not to compromise our design solution in order to qualify for any private
foundation or government subsidy funds. Three-quarters of the United
States national debt of almost $1 trillion
which
debt,
strictly as
"mon-
Critical Path
322
try interests.
its
St.
individual
we
is
air-
The money-making
needs.
terms of the
solve the hu-
while employing
etc.,
will
we
ize
strictly in
is
what humanity
not looking for but has had to accept, lacking any alternatives.
The East
St.
foot-diameter miniature
fifty-
The
its ter-
interior
facilities,
transportation
who was
is,
Old
be
Man
its
formerly principal of
its
equipment,
As
factories,
and similar
"By
Lou-
St.
the time
River's City gets completed, our present high school students will
itself will
be in
and operating
strict
now
using
it."
eration.
At the
Louisans that
St.
and do so without
that the entire
dropped.
OMR's
City's development,
said that
what
community would
said that
if
they did
come
did
a political football.
fall
It
with
love with
all
at
my own
expense
in love
fall
fall in
it,
it
... or
it
would be
St.
to be-
Louis community
spontaneously in love with the design. This held the project together
through many
its
critical
social
gradually explained
factions
agreed on
I
itself,
political, ethnic,
its
and economic,
community's diverse
all
desirability.
in the
Old
Man
Four
323
St.
all,
command
in
who
is
As
one of my
am
my
St.
Louisans has been provided by Wyvetter Younge, Carl Utchmann, and Bob
Ahart.
St.
around
As
St.
Man
Old
interest in the
River project
interest grows,
articles are
to the project.
Now
world-
beginning to be manifest.
is
it,
de-
spite its
contrary,
rate.
Louis and
Answer questions
faithfully
let
when they
si-
lently at work.
As
the
first
would quickly
political representatives
and compromises
restrictions
Thus
was able
was
in securing
many
it
to dissuade the
it
OMR
when
because
in a
development that
have
felt to
its
time
imminently
is
at
hand.
automated cotton
Situated
latter's
designed an
mill.
waterpower,
all
New
England
rivers
U.S.A. were built four stories high. They used giant pulley wheels mounted
upward
pulley-driven shafting
floors.
mounted under
driving wheel
had
its
own
which
led
to the ceiling-hung,
from the
and thence
idler wheel.
their axes
When
hung
in parallel.
Each
machines of the various types of cotton mill machinery, which was positioned just below the ceiling-hung shafts.
teenth-century
immigrants,
mills
who
the
settled
To operate those
early-in-the-nine-
houses.
Having no other
Critical Path
324
pany
nized-labor
their supplies
all
stores.
movement
abandoned
Southern
New
their
England
and moved
mills
their
states,
reach a low-cost labor market. Instead of the belting, overhead shafting, and
pulleys, they used the
World- War-I-developed
electric
motor drives
for each
is
impounded
vast quantities of
Sun
The
heat,
latter's
which
produced many
in turn
in-
World War
my
earliest
job before
we were equipping with machinery was located in Sherbrooke, Quebec. Most of the machinery was manufactured in Lancashire,
England, some in France. Working first as a helper to the Lancashire master machine fitters, I learned how to put together by myself every one of
fitter).
The new
mill
the various kinds of cotton mill machines. These began with the cotton bail
"openers" at railroad track level and the blowing of the cotton to the top
(fourth) floor of the mill, after
all
pickers,
cotton into a continuous single strand of cotton, which strands then ran
through the twisters, into thread-spinning machines, and thereafter into cotton cloth weaving machines.
Eventually, together with other
how
It
was synergetic
of any one of
its
fitters, I
much
less
much
I
found
mill.
Inside the
levels of surrounding,
outwardly can-
room
was occupied by
boilers. In place of
large equip-
decks these
air.
all
open
Four
325
was asked
to lead
proposed
within which
at
many
levels,
all
is
called "doffing." In
first
se-
my
processing ma-
around the mast, inside the dome, and the products would
start a continu-
by
gravity.
I
No
doffing
would be required.
designed this factory in conjunction with North Carolina State Univertop cotton mill professors as well as with the operating superinten-
sity's
dents and other industry experts from neighboring mills. All the cotton mill
machinery companies'
which was
being run for the senior class in architecture of North Carolina State University.
sity in the
in that trade
We
else.)
it
more engineers
and 47b.)
When
which
all
was so
far
and highly
my
who
desirable.
The design
exists.
We
participated in the
was optimally
it
effi-
adopt-
^
1
^i
Critical Path
326
^^r,*2
'
^i3
'XW
Vm*IWwr^^-'
'<m 'if
"^JMI*|g>'l*
"~TI
--*****&
4$*
*i
HHNNHHBHHHHHHHHHHMHIH
Figure 47.
Model
of
automated cotton
mill,
mm
/
Figure 47a.
Model
(interior detail)
of
automated cotton
mill,
Figure 47b.
Four
111
when
is
the
way with
critical-path items.
They come
intro-
tioned before, ever-larger spheres have ever-less surface area per unit of enclosed volume. Doubling a dome's diameter increases
while increasing
its
its
surface fourfold
It is
translucent spheres, the outer one being, for instance, 100 meters in diameter,
less in
their
two
plastic
and
fi-
Critical Path
328
States has
individ-
ual farmers than anywhere else in this country. North Carolina State Uni-
versity, Cornell,
into
ies
Growth House,
was
I
at
corporation-operated
and
farms
conditions of individually
the
(2)
owned and
critical-limit
few
little
ers in
and other
size
agricultural-
the
(1)
It
made compara-
also
owned by
entirely
farmers. These latter are very personal types of operation, in which the
little
leaf, to
game than
that
The
ways
at the
time of the
New
on
their land,
stocked with
fish.
local
dams
that time
who were
westward cross-country
brilliance
little
earnings.
its
Deal helped
From
in
their farms.
began to
on them.
we
flew
reflect
fell
little
newly
dammed
farm ponds. Soon the glare of these farm ponds became almost blinding to
the airplane pilot; before that period the farmland had been a dark carpet
at dusk.
Overnight the
New
all
These
scientists
at
agreed with
an
scientists I
me
those farms
all
fish.
Growth House
Four
329
cessfully developed.
We
ments.)
in trays.
in
all
we could
growth
The
greatest
hung
in a given time.
The growth-supporting,
rotatable
arms
could be separately rotated for cultivation. All the resultant food grown
Growth House
to be used to
is
packaged or
gravity, finally to be
in cases out
it
were
its
my
Referring back to
designing of the
that of
its
safe
we wished
to
we had some
at,
we
first
service that
rest
saw
in
on
The
play.
different
what
two
1927 that
all
storage
may
vertically,
at preferred locations
things we
we developed
in the
Dymaxion House
and storage
walls.
The
is
very
developed
with aluminum tubing (see Fig. 48). This hemicircular hanger tube hemirevolved around a center axle with an ample
hanging
all
amount of room
for vertically
etc.
The
revolv-
Critical Path
330
Figure 48.
Storage walls
ing coat closet had also the advantage of coming out into a
room
so you
could pick things out very neatly instead of having to reach back blindly
into a closet.
The
more powerful)
tilt,
yet
in
On
pressing a
button, electric motors rotated the two top sprocket wheels, from both of
rig,
With these
shelves children
at a height safe
that in every
to be told, "Don't!"
i.e.,
experiments
dis-
Four
331
Figure 49.
then decided
library.
my
O-Volving shelves
It
silo well
if
used in
going far
below into the ground, with walls that were thoroughly waterproofed on
truss floors,
diameter.
ground
Above
mounted two
levels of Octe-
sixty meters in
their outside.
this
floor,
many
and walking
to
you
ovolving
vertically
before your eyes, fast or slowly, until the right shelf arrives and you locate
your book.
All the vertical bookshelves' ovolving was actuated by an electric push
It
at the console,
it
is
titles.
book by computer-entered
window
at
practical to have
high speed.
it
Any
title
book-seeker
who
or description, and
When
the
book
arrives
opened behind the console window for the reader's intimate viewing. The
Critical Path
332
Human
Figure 50.
being
Library project
it,
possibly to
damage
it.
By push button
all
pages. Also by push buttons the viewer can order a copy of the
purchase.
At
book
will
the
of the book's
book
for
the exit door of the library the Xeroxed pages or the purchased
One
was
for the book-untouching, general library visitor; the other deck, twenty
feet
accredited visitors,
them
level entrance,
who
would be
after they
all
around the
library's circular
decks in a
crowded. The
viewer
feel
shelves
would be
air-conditioned
parallelly
silos.
many
In terms of overall
initial
my
The O-Volving
satisfaction at
Beech Aircraft
The
to everyone's
principle
is
now
one of
my
to design
Four
333
may
float
organic
is
cities.
in
They
useful
and nonpolluting
all
many
to go any-
its
mised, as must be the shape of the living quarters of ships whose hull shapes
at
Floating cities are designed with the most buoyantly stable conformation
dronal structuring
by humans from
is
employed
The tetrahedron has the most surface with the least volume of all polyhedra. As such it provides the most possible "outside" living. Its sloping external surface
is
adequate for
all its
common,
own
private,
all
ser-
poly-
hedra.
maximum
for
stability.
When
its
hull
communal
ser-
and other
athletic facil-
equipped with
floating-city occupants.
In 1966
my
may
When moored
With
in protected
use.
sail-
my
associates
me
scaled-down model. The studies showed that the fabricating and operating
costs were such that a floating city could sustain a high standard of living,
yet be economically occupiable at a rental so
HUD
project for
its
who
authorities.
The
secretary of
HUD
to the Secre-
"water- worthiness,"
all
stability,
and organic
capability.
The Bu-
and "water- worthy." The Secretary of the Navy then sent the project
the U.S. Navy's Bureau of Yards and Docks, where its fabrication and
tical
to
assembly procedures and cost were analyzed on a basis of the "floating city"
Critical Path
334
analysis of the
At
its
and
At
this
in
first
Demo-
went out of power. President Johnson took the model with him
installed
it
in his
LBJ Texas
library.
The
went out of favor with the Nixon administration, and the whole project
guished.
cost
cratic party
The
The
cities
lan-
of the
cities.
cities
it is
floating cities:
Figure 51.
is
There
and one
all
is
earlier experi-
technology.
Four
335
tioned under the turbulence, with their centers of buoyancy 100 feet below
the ocean's surface. Structural columns rise from the submarine pontoons
outwardly through the water to support the floating city high above the
crests of the greatest waves,
pontooned
The
our planet as
cities.
whose
cities
surface waters.
city's
deep-sea, deeply
cities
cities also
can provide safe mid-ocean docking for atomic-powered cargo- and passenger-carrying submarine transports.
With
their
to-
them.
Even
in
two ocean
is
When
changes.
power of the
steel vessels
is
is
relative proximity
come within
them
any
mass attraction
ative
roll
"critical prox-
power of
their relative
them sideways
toward one another, ultimately to touch and chew up one another's skins
that
is,
unless one
the other.
is
maneuvered
Land harbors
in
ships of any size. There are relatively few big-ship harbors in the world. This
fact,
us, France's
Cherbourg,
Yokohama, have
tory.
The new
New
York, or Tokyo's
economic balances and could bring ships once more into economic competition
sail
floating
traffic.
or power around
the world in safe, one-day runs from one protected floating city's harbor to
the next.
Critical Path
336
In 1958
saw
of structures
structures,
which
"Cloud Nines."
call
When we
air.
The
air-to-structural-weight ratio
is
200
is
two
to
feet in di-
ameter, the weight of the structure increases to seven tons while the weight
fifty-six
When we
The
When we
When
is
air in-
air-weight-to-structure-weight ratio
is
now
thirty-three
to one.
the
to fifteen tons.
tons
itself
becomes of
relatively negligible
magnitude, for
the
far side
reflected
When
the interior temperature of the sphere rises only one degree Fahrenheit, the
weight of the
air
is
spherical-frame geodesic structure. This means that the total weight of the
interior air plus the weight of the structure
and
its
means
much
less
contained air will have to float outwardly, into the sky, being dis-
When
shines
is
upon
it,
the
lies in
it.
expands and therefore pushes some of itself outside the mist bank. The
assembly of the mist bank weighs
As
less
Thus
air
total
it,
geodesic spheres get larger than one-half mile in diameter, they become
which
internal atmosphere
air
would continue
to be so light as to
remain
feet.
and
aloft.
to float at
relatively negligible.
Many
Four
337
to
cloud, or cloud to ground, as the clouds float around the Earth or are an-
chored to mountaintops.
may
foresee that,
scrapers;
submarine
is
some years
cities;
man may
floating clouds
and
in the future,
we
air-deliverable sky-
domed-over
cities;
its
deple-
tion.
made
er
made.
In 1966
to
feasibility
Mount
Fuji
Building at 1472
ture
feet,
was a 2000-foot
including
TV
TV
man-made
Our
struc-
came
words.
The
patron's given budgetable limit for the project was $300 million.
Figure 52.
The
Critical Path
338
feasibility
all
the
The
satisfying
The
tower of 8000
showed
studies
that there
most
all
$300 million.
for
Mount
tech-
Such formidable
safe
one foot thick covering the tower's entire surface; wind loadings of
icing
and unitary
five-story-high, air
traffic, etc.
in
A section of the
report even covered helicopter rescue operations from the observation section at the top should the elevator
With
all
human
fail.
making
it
humanity
will
be
will
world
The world computers will keep track of all available air-travel passenger
spaces in all directions. The airlines will operate on a load-shuffle-and-shuttle,
and
is full, it
will
electric-trolleyed into
many
pallets
er will have
directly
be overhead-monorail, electric-trolley
tail.
New York
each eight-seat-or-bed-capacity
programmed, eight-place
with
When
special-destination-pallet basis.
pallet
it
overhead-monorailed to the
toward Sydney
say
to
Mexico
When
first
City.
it is
full,
the comput-
At Mexico City
it
will
be com-
from Papeete
directly to Sydney.
in a short space of
time
At each world airport the computers will re-sort the variously destined
pallets, sending them forward in the most efficient manner. The pallets will
0coo
'
HL>,K|
Figure
53.
Tokyo Tower
339
Figure 54.
340
Tokyo Tower
Four
34
hinged-open
tails
The
accommodate
On
them "downtown"
There
will
multihoured
all
have
The
pallet will
effect
a small bus. Pallets will be loaded into trucks through their tails by over-
head
trolley rails.
continually rerouting
is
its
We now
human
When
and
an individual
field is negative,
The
Each
is
feeling
and neg-
vice versa.
is
such that
equipment
satellites,
dy-
all
humanity
in respect to
all
be
regarding computer-discov-
world-numbered "proposals"
to
The computer
ity via
will
make
it
trained,
its
own
human-
man-problem-solution proposals.
to get the
world-management
committee's
specific
computer-derived
broadcast reporting the world majority's disposition toward any one pro-
posed solution. All humanity can keep track of the changing disposition of
Critical Path
342
the majority of
all
positive or negative in
given proposition. After a proposition has been exposed for a given period
world committee
will
Thus
the
first
jority,
service.
mocracy. Humanity
is
is
make
knowing that
this
ma-
knowing
will
that
if it
made
a bad judg-
has
it
implement
humanity, and
will begin to
humanity
all
accumulated knowledge,
total
and
ate decisions.
When
management committee
now
will
propose a means of
Refer to
my
panying text
piece
and
its
in
my book
chart,
published by
first
me
Whatever
We
be,
learning
how
to synthesize
human
DNA-RNA
about
metaphysical
a pattern
by 1985
be right on schedule.
organic assembly.
We
all
We
kilogram baby
in-
equipment that we
programming
and
integrity.
me-
will
how
Of
it
it
was reported
mammoth had
is
not
Four
343
chunk of hitherto-never-defrosted Siberian ice. Some of the animal's molecules were still "alive" when the beast was found, occasioning the observa-
grow organisms
as the woolly
mammoth
from a
These are
Now,
all
perhaps
single molecule of
is
DNA
as
complex
or any part of
air,
all
the physical
compo-
ly discarded. In
my
organism
is
1895
weighed
same
the
in at seven
slightly evolved
pounds
at 146
pounds
1980
in
The metaphysical
you and I are not the coarsely identified "cornflakes" and "prunes" that we
some of which became constituents of
ate in the days before yesterdays
Each one of us
is
what are
identified
and
ment formulations
to permit
human
must be employed
in
order
Moon
We
metaphysical you or
Geographic.
We
have
It
now
information-gathering-and-problem-solving
invisible,
celestial
to
for
the
weightless,
to
liability
artifacts
scientific
Na-
self.
remember
our brain.
We
is
that
nerve-relayed inward to be
we now
re-
mis-
Critical Path
344
Let us consider an athlete
for a
jured and
He
is
hockey games
to his team's
number
He
is in-
He
is
going on and groans and grins as though he were really present, on the rink.
That
is
the
way our
outside ourselves.
We
cial, integral
terrestrial
and
is
all living
environments
submerged
lives
exposed to
penguins that
live
and
air at
low
tide
flourish only at
given the special physical equipment to flourish initially only within the
planet Earth's biosphere. But
humans
primary equipment as
sign,
that
implemented.
initially
It is
which permits
possible for
visited the
Moon to prove
and
visually recording
even
what may be
environments.
Eventually
weightless
we
realize that
mind of humans
what
the
transpiring
is
real
you and
is
is
spontaneously preoccu-
is
is
solving local
is
how
to
wean hu-
energy being
new
locally
How
can we convince
Four
345
only by
our daily
we can
live
handsomely
wisdom manifest
is
as supplied
we can't convince
in inexorable evolution
can cope
When
one galaxy
age, Earthian
(Latin: Galactic)
Way.
fifty-seven years
two
billion
more
observing.
The average
is
100
two times 10
This
billion.
20
is
that
two
billion
known
galaxies
is
group our
star
stars
illogical
is
is
and of development
first
mind
of the
planet Earth's biosphere, and thereafter of that planet's local Universe op-
and possibly
thus to
fulfill
their
whole
later other
star systems,
water, which boils and freezes within very limited thermal range in respect
to the vast range of cosmic temperatures.
biological organisms
We
The
from
As
all
and phys-
all
directions
all
at
the
re-
Draw
picture of concentric circles, each circle divided into identical arc lengths.
The
further out
we go more
arcs of the
Nature
to con-
Critical Path
346
how
actly
produce
to design
our human
plex interplays of
all
the
own
its
the constituent
its
radiation
ecology
all
essential to
is
on planet
life
many
is
members of the
com-
and
to design
of
Such too-
radiation-sensitive ecological constituents are designed to operate only within the Earth's earth or at its sea bottoms.
We
human
or-
ganisms and their absolutely essential ecological support complex could not
operate safely at a distance of less than ninety-two million miles
their nearest atomic-energy plant
diation involvements.
the Sunand
The would-be
will in
away from
all
is
no way
on board
for
them
to keep all
fully
humans and
on our
it
Humans
belongs.
will
to
it
how
made by
The
effective decisions
mob
psychology.
communicated wisdom
individuals
for
in
in individually
in
commitment
who seems
to wish Earthian
of
humans
wisdom,
to survive.
all
such
human
integrity,
spontaneous
self-
APPENDIX
Chronology of Scientific
Discoveries and Artifacts
When
have a history of
team of
to the
and
Moon,
all
in favor of this
each of the
such
was given a
Heretofore
listings
for
As
me
electrical,
in 1936.
listed inventions.
New
Yorkers with forebears from around the world, they were able to select the
true origins of inventions. This
Moon
list
was published
in
Nine Chains
to the
in 1938.
scientific discoveries
has occurred.
humans
in
Our knowledge
of the
number of
galaxies
billion!
humans to get to
developtechnological
number
of
the Moon and safely back, a very large
ments had to be accomplished. None of them would have been accomEarlier in Critical Path
all
human
history.
We
felt it
347
Critical Path
348
feel
it
own
latest
many
lacked
many
of the items
we
many we
critical.
Ancient
Stone
4000 B.c
3500
B.C.
Bronze
3500
B.C.
Age
in
Thailand
later
into cune-
iform)
pre-3480 B.C.
silver,
3400
B.C.
Mesopotamian evidence
that
its
potentials unrecognized
Egypt
3400
B.C.
Irrigation system in
3100
B.C.
Egyptian hieroglyphics
3000
B.C.
Dams,
Pyramids
2200
B.C.
2100
B.C.
in India
in
Sumeria
Egypt
2000
B.C.
1800
B.C.
1700
B.C.
Network of
Linear
roads, Babylon
Adevelopment
B.C.
1400
B.C.
mainland or
at
Knossus
1500-
1100
B.C.
1000
B.C.
900
640
349
B.C.
Rustproof iron
B.C.
in India
first
of
600
B.C.
Discovery of "irrationals"
460
B.C.
Laws of right-angle
triangle
human to conceive
named the "atom."
600-400
B.C.
Pythagoras
known
first
were the
first
humans
to think of
tity.
410
B.C.
The Pythagorean
to conceive of the
first
He
planets
Moon, and
five
as
Venus,
350
B.C.
Greek
All the
states
adopt
Greek philosopher-scientists
at the center.
and transmit
their
ideas.
was the
first
cosmos was
to con-
But Her-
spun
at the
300
B.C.
Geometry Euclid
Most of Greek
and
culture
poetry,
its
science,
moved
and philosophy
to Alexandria, Egypt,
B.C.
Archimedes
law
many
200
B.C.
polyhedra;
first
screw pump,
much mathematics,
Moon
him
all
He was
almost killed
and
all
in the
Critical Path
350
150 B.C.
globes preceded
first terrestrial
Greek
scientist-philosopher-
(350
B.C.),
globe; ce-
it.
Heraclides
B.C.),
had successively
B.C.)
a.d.)
fair agree-
late-
twentieth-century conceptioning.
It is also clear
(384 b.c-322
and
was
after
man
religious
B.C.
and 200
political
we
until
1500 a.d.
Alexandrian library reputed to have reached 700,000 manuscript volumes, or rolls. Fortunately,
ilized
volumes
in
all
Alexandria
around
civ-
200 a.d.
all
Their success
live.
B.C.
its diffi-
becoming
combined
and
47
B.C.
the "authorities."
100 B.C.
200
from British
Isles
on west
to
China on
map
reading
east involved
North
stars.
Roman emperor
272 A.D.
300 A.D.
Compass, China
391 A.D.
Roman
emperor
529 A.D.
Closing of
642 A.D.
700 a.d.
all universities
and algebra
720-813 a.d.
875-925 a.d.
of medicines.
800 a.d.
Al-Khwarizmi,
in
35
Baghdad, writes
treatise in
Arabic ex-
1000 a.d.
Gunpowder
in
America
China
Alhozen
1100
1105
1118
144
Paper used
in
De Anima
Europe
Japan
Alchemy introduced
to
bic texts
1
147
1 1
1
80
190
1200
Use of woodcuts
Paper mills
at Herault,
France
1230
1250
Discovery of arsenic
1260
1270
Treatise
on lenses
Roger Bacon
Vitellio
Compound
lenses
Silk-reeling
machine
1280
Compendium
1290
Marco Polo
North Africa
of agricultural practice
Spectacles
returns to Europe from Far East with data.
Spinning wheel
compass
1300
Ship's
1310
Dissection of
1320
Sawmill
1330
Crane
at
human body
Augsburg
at
Luneberg
Wool manufacture
1346
De Luzzi
established at
York
1350
1390
1400
Diving
First
suit
book
in
movable
1410
Street lights in
1420
Velocipede
First
type,
London
Fontana
European woodcut
Korea
Critical Path
352
1430
Scientific
1440
Azores discovered
cartography
in
Europe
Copperplate engraving
1450
numerals
Discovery of antimony
Wagon
springs
Regiomontanus
Printing introduced
England Caxton
1460
Trigonometry
1480
Canal lock
in
Arquebus introduced
Copper etching
1482
Leonardo da Vinci career begins: perspective frame, wheelbarrow, speaking tube. Also plans
nal dredge, polygonal fort
cannon,
firearms,
rifled
for: centrifugal
pump,
ca-
antifriction
roller
bearings,
lens
winding apparatus, flying machine, parachute, lamp chimney, helicopter, ship's log, double-deck streets, standardized
established;
Columbus
1497
Cabot lands
Vasco da
500
discovers America.
in
North America
Gama
First portable
reaches India
Mechanical farming
drill
1508
Multicolored woodcut
1511
Pneumatic beds
1513
Camera obscura
1521
1522
1524
Fodder-cutting machine
First arithmetic
book
is
is
completed.
published in England.
first
Diving
bell
1539
First astronomical
is
printed.
map
Pablos
America (Mexico)
Printing introduced to
1540
Padlock invented
Invention of mathematical symbols
First
1541
353
Vieta
handbook of dyeing
543
544
surgical instruments
1545
Pare
1548
Water-pumping works
1550
First
1552
Iron-rolling
1561
1564
Coaches
1565
Lead pencil
1568
1576
known
in
Stifel
Augsburg
machine
first
made
Brulier
in
in
England
England
1579
1582
map
Decimal system
Stevin
1589
Knitting frame
1590
Compound microscope
Jansen
1600
1605
594
electricity
Theorems on
and equilibrium
lileo
1606
Discovery of Australia
1608
Telescope
1609
First laws of
Lippershay
motion Galileo
Kepler's laws
(first
1612
1613
Gunpowder
in
Sturtevant
mine blasting
Napier
1614
Logarithms
1615
Triangulation in surveying
1617
Log tables
Adding machine
1620
Spirit
Napier
thermometer
Gilbert
Ga-
Critical Path
354
Slide rule
Bacon's
Oughtred
Novum Organum
law
1624
First patent
1628
Worcester's engine
in
England
629
1631
1635
Fermat
Threshing machine
1637
Laws of
refraction
Periscope
1638
Formulation of
1639
Rain gauge
1640
Cotton manufacture
in
1642
Calculating machine
Pascal
647
Calculation of foci of
aggregate
infinite
Galileo
1650
First bread
all
made with
Magic lantern
lenses
yeast
England
Kircher
1657
Von Guericke
Mathematical induction Pascal
Pascal
Laws of
Pendulum clock Huygens
1658
1650
1654
Air
Descartes
England
pump
probability
Red
1661
1662
Boyle's law
1666
Discovery of diffraction
Newton
Reflecting telescope
1667
Newton
Paris observatory
1669
Double
1670
Discovery of phosphorus
refraction discovered
Sulphur
1675
ball electric
machine
Greenwich observatory
Determination of speed of
1677
light
Roemer
Infinite series
Calculus
Discovery of chlorophyll
1685
Foundation of
1687
Newton's
1688
Distillation of gas
1690
1695
Plate glass
355
scientific obstetrics
and motion
from coal
Papin's engine
1698
Isogonic charts
1700
1702
1704
Newton's Optics
Savery's engine
London
1705
Newcomen's engine
1707
1708
1709
1714
Mercury thermometer
1717
1720
1727
First exact
Fahrenheit
Invention of stereotype
1732
Discovery of cobalt
Discovery of platinum
1733
Roller spinning
Flying shuttle
Kay
1736
Commercial
1737
Centigrade thermometer
sulfuric acid
Gas
Bernoulli
1738
Kinetic Theory of
1745
1746
Leyden jar
chamber process
Discovery of zinc
1747
Beet sugar
1749
Scientific calculation of
1751
Lightning jar
Discovery of nickel
1753
Discovery of bismuth
Black
1756
Latent heat
1758
Achromatic telescope
1760
Steam
blast
Smeaton
Euler
356
Critical Path
1761
Modern
1763
Spinning jenny
1765
Steam engine
type chronometer
1766
Discovery of hydrogen
1767
Cast-iron rails
1769
Steam carriage
1770
Caterpillar tread
Screw-cutting lathe
1771
Ramsden
Discovery of fluorine
Encyclopaedia Britannica,
first
edition
Galvani
1774
Boring machine
Wilkinson
Discovery of chlorine
Discovery of manganese
1775
1776
Reverberatory furnace
Machine plane
Chemical nomenclature "element," "compound"
Lavoisier
Scientific explanation of
1777
Torsion balance
Torpedo
Bushnell
Circular
wood saw
Steam hammer
1778
Lavoisier
named by Lavoisier
combustion
Wilkinson
Discovery of molybdenum
Modern water
closet
Bramah
1779
1780
1781
Drill
plow
Synthesis of water
1782
Discovery of tellurium
1783
Argand lamp
Free hydrogen-balloon
Discovery of tungsten
flight
Power loom
Puddling process
Patent lock
1785
357
Balloon
in
Bramah
flight across
Cort
Channel
1786
Gold
1787
Steamboat
leaf electroscope
Nail-making machine
1788
Galvanic
1789
Discovery of uranium
electricity
Discovery of zirconium
1790
Jussieu
Gas engine
Discovery of titanium
1793
Cotton gin
Whitney
made
in U.S.
Planer
1794
Discovery of yttrium
Ecole Polytechnique
1795
Food canning
Hydraulic press
1796
Bramah
Lithography
Natural cement
Hydraulic cement
Discovery of photosynthesis
1797
Cast-iron plow
Carding machine
Discovery of geometric interpretation of complex
numbers
Improved screw-cutting, and
1798
Vaccination introduced
Discovery of chromium
Maudsley
358
Critical Path
Manufactured bleaching powder
Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers
1800
Voltaic cells
Macadam
roads
McAdam
80
Discovery of columbium
submarine
First practical
1
802
Machine dresser
for cotton
warps
Planing machine
Discovery of tantalum
1
803
Atomic theory
Dalton
Discovery of palladium
Discovery of rhodium
Discovery of cerium
Jacquard loom
Discovery of iridium
Discovery of osmium
Bottling factory
1807
Voyage of steamboat
S.
C.
Clermont from
New York
to
Albany
Kymography-revolving cylinder, recording continuous
motion
Discovery of sodium
Discovery of potassium
1
808
Discovery of magnesium
1810
Discovery of boron
1811
Modern chemical
notation
Discovery of iodine
1815
Stethoscope
spectrum
Macadam
roads
359
adopted in Britain
officially
Davy
1817
Discovery of lithium
Discovery of cadmium
Discovery of selenium
1818
1819
Milling machine
Whitney
Dulong and
Petit's
law
1820
Modern wood
planer
Bolzano
Discovery of catalysis
1823
laws of electromagnetism
Calculating machine Babbage
Faraday
Waterproof fabric
Discovery of silicon
1
824
1825
1
826
1827
thermodynamics
Discovery of bromine
Niepce
first
photograph
Ohm's Law
current
electric circuit
1828
Electromagnet
1830
London
Sewing machine
Compressed
air for
underwater tunnels
Discovery of vanadium
1831
train
Mowing machine
Phosphorus match
Chloroform
1832
Magnetic telegraph
Principles of induction
Magneto
Pixii
Faraday
Critical Path
360
1833
McCormick
Laws of electrolysis Faraday
Reaper
Law
1835
Commutator
1836
Pin machine
Harvester
Type-casting machine
1837
Electric
motor
Davenport
Screw propellor
Shorthand
1838
Pitman
Rubber vulcanizing
Photography
Daguerre
Use of
single wire
and ground
circuit
Penny postage
in
England
Brick-making machinery
Electrotype
Discovery of lanthanum
1
840
Microphotography
First iron-link suspension bridge
1841
1
842
artificial fertilizer
Doppler
effect
Mayer
discovered
fertilizers
844
Practical
1
845
Washington
Portland cement
Turret lathe
Pneumatic
Fitch
Sewing machine
Howe
to Baltimore
361
Discovery of ruthenium
1
846
1847
Penny postage
in U.S.
Rotary fan
Corliss engine
849
Hydraulic turbine
Law
1851
Wire rope
drill
of mass action
for
power transmission
Vernier caliper
Sewing machine
Singer
Foucault pendulum
Cast-iron-frame building
1852
Gyroscope
Hydraulic mining
Theory of valence
1853
1854
Riemann's geometry
1855
Gas-stove burner
Powdered milk
1856
Steel
Bessemer
1857
Otis
Passenger elevator
Steel Kelly
Structure of organic
1859
compounds
Kekule
Plante
Absorption spectra
First oil well
On
Steamroller
1860
Dynamo,
Italy
Darwin
Critical Path
362
Ammonia
refrigerator
Discovery of cesium
Asphalt paving
Laws of radiation,
1861
England
Discovery of rubidium
Discovery of thallium
Germ
theory of disease
Pasteur
Milling machine
1862
Machine gun
Gatling
Pasteurization
Monitor battleship
Synthesis of acetylene
1863
864
Schultze
Electromagnetic theory
Maxwell
Cylindrical grinders
1865
Law
of heredity
Modern
Mendel
Newland's octaves
866
Lister
Kekule
Bunsen burner
Underwater torpedo
Whitehead
Dynamite
1867
Nobel
Micrometer caliper
1868
Tungsten
steel
Musket
1869
Tscherroff
Air brake
Shield tunneling
Suez Canal
Galton
Mendeleyev
Science of eugenics
Periodic table
Celluloid
1871
Welt machine
1873
light
363
measurement)
Discovery of invertase
Typewriter
Discovery of chromosomes
1874
Audruplex telegraph
Atomic theory of electricity Stoney
Pressure-cooking method for canning food
1875
Telephone
Discovery of gallium
876
Gas engine
Otto four-cycle
Toxins discovered
Gibbs's phase rule
1877
Microphone
Automatic gear cutters
Anthrax cure
Osmotic pressure
Electric welding
Reinforced-concrete beams
Phonograph
1878
Incandescent lamp
Synthesis of indigo
Discovery of ytterbium
Cathode ray
Crookes
1879
Arc lamp
Synthesis of saccharin
Discovery of samarium
Discovery of scandium
Discovery of holmium
Discovery of thulium
First electrified railroad
1880
Centrifuge
Discovery of gadolinium
Ball bearings (cup
and cone)
1881
1882
Hydroelectric plant
power
station
364
1883
Critical Path
Rayon
Steam turbine
Brooklyn Bridge
1884
Trolley car
Fountain pen
Roll film
Waterman
Eastman
Manganese
steel
Skyscraper with
steel
frame
Cocaine
Micro-organisms responsible for cholera, tetanus,
Daimler
Linotype patented
Mergenthaler
Transformer
Pasteur
Hydrophobia cure
Discovery of praseodymium
Discovery of neodymium
Van't Hoff's laws
1886
Hall
Fluorine isolated
Discovery of dysprosium
Discovery of germanium
1887
Split-phase induction
motor
Rotary converter
Automatic telephone
attempt
Ionization Arhennius
Fructose synthesized
Monotype machine Lanston
Electromagnetic waves Hertz
Esperanto
at artificial universal
Michelson-Morley experiment
Voltaic cell explanation
1888
Box camera
Calcium carbide (acetylene)
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria discovered
1889
Pneumatic
tire
inner tube
language
motor
Electric-induction
Color film
1890
Electrolytic alkali
Synchronous converter
Clincher
tire
Gold and
1891
Thermoelectric pyrometer
Morrison
electric
auto
Electric cooking
1892
A.C.
motorTesla
Judson
1894
diamonds
Submarine
Lake
Liquid oxygen
Experimental embryology
Discovery of argon
Andean railway
1
895
Automobile
Diesel oil engine
Wireless telegraphy
ray
Roentgen
Disc plow
Zeeman
effect
Ore unloader
Discovery of europium
1
897
Steel
hopper cars
Electric
Cure
trip-hammer
Electron discovered
Chromium
Radio tuning
1898
drill
Lodge
Discovery of krypton
365
Critical Path
366
Discovery of neon
Discovery of xenon
Curies
Curies
Discovery of polonium
Discovery of radium
Lodge
X-ray diagnosis
1
899
Discovery of actinium
Oil flotation of ore
Aspirin
1900
Nernst lamp
Mercury lamp
Quantum
theory
Planck
Induction furnace
Escalator
Revolver
Browning
Discovery of radon
1901
High-speed alloy
Zeppelin
steel
Gas welding
Wright glider
Transatlantic radio telegraph
Catalytic hydrogenation
Radio telegram
Discovery of heaviside layer
Photos by wire
1903
Edison
cell
Oil-burning steamer
Ultramicroscope
Theory of colloids
Tantalum lamp
First successful turbogenerator at
Chicago
production autos
in
Motor
367
London
taxis in
Bottlemaking machine
flight
Fleury tube
Electrostatic
SAE
fume
precipitation
Cottrell
founded
Reinforced concrete
subway
Electric
1905
trains
N.Y.C.
Goede
Mercury pump
Power
Special
ammonia
plant at Niagara
Theory of Relativity
Einstein
Fleming valve
1906
Gyrocompass
Deflocculated graphite
Nickel refining
Vacuum
1907
radio tube
Ford Model
Removable auto
tire
Discovery of lutetium
Bakelite (phenolic resin plastic)
1908
Oil cracking
Electronic valence
1909
Hudson
rails
Millikan
Maxim
silencer
Bleriot
flies
English Channel
Duraluminum
North Pole reached
1910
Peary
Haber process
Poulson continuous-wave radio transmission
Roller bearings
1911
Pulmotor
Recognition of protons
Critical Path
368
Kinemacolor movies
Hydroplane
1912
First use of
gyrocompass
First cloud
chamber
Sperry
Bendix
Hopkins
Atomic numbers Moseley
Vitamins
Tungsten-filament lamp
Research on radiation
Bohr
Atom model
Geiger
O0-kilocycle generator
1914
Alexanderson
air
Military tank
Regenerative circuit
Armstrong
Panama Canal
World War begun
Selenium photometer
1915
Chrome vanadium
steel
Magnesium
industry started
Wegener
Langmuir
Tuned radio frequency reception Alexanderson
Theory of continental
drift
Claude
World War
Einstein
Neon lamp
Radiotelephone
Introduction of chloropicrin, mustard gas
1916
Depth bomb
Stainless steel (secret of
in 1928)
World War
I, first
commercial use
369
Submarine detector
Sperry rangekeeper
Aerial photography
Discovery of protactinium
Optical glass industry in U.S.
Commercial cadmium
Vitamin
1918
Electron employed
ray of brain
flight across
Atlantic via
Examination by
Lewisite
Toaster
Sonar
1919
NC-4
First wireless
from
Atlantic,
R-34 Atlantic
flight
1920
man-made transmutation
Neutron discovered
Sodium from
Harkens
Rutherford
salt
Compound
gas engine
Thermocouple
Fundamental complementarity
in physical
Autogyro
Clear-fused quartz
Air conditioning
Practical automobile self-starter
Bendix
Push-button elevator
Insulin
Vitamin
Radar
1923
Nitriding process
Discovery of hafnium
First
chromium
Mercury steam
Fink
Emmet
plating
boiler
Universe
370
Critical Path
Bulldozer
Spectrohelioscope
Wave mechanics
First
First intercity
bus
De Broglie
sets
lines
New York
to
San Francisco
Beryllium copper
Electrochemical restoration of corrosion
Fink
commercial
airline
on regular schedule
Phototelegraphy
Methanol
1926
Whitehead
Modern World
Science
and
Movies
(talking)
the
Electric refrigerator
Dirigible to
North Pole
Goddard
Pavlov
Conditioned Reflexes
1927
German
lining
Photoelectric cell
Lindbergh
York
flies
New
to Paris
Heisenberg's indeterminacy
Dymaxion House
New York
light in
New
Jersey
Buckminster Fuller
Fuller
Energetic/Synergetic Geometry
Michaelson's
to
final,
B.
in 1970)
1928
Teletype
Dirigible
Kingsford-Smith
Sir Charles
flies Pacific,
37
California to
Australia
Ford Model
Penicillin discovered
Fleming
brittle
Automatic airplane
"Paper bottles"
Goddard
pilot
first
1930
copper cathode
Coaxial cables
Aston
powdered metal
Spectra photography
First air-conditioned passenger train
1931
Piccard
Empire
1250
feet)
Around-world airplane
flight
first
observed)
Urey
Heavy water
Al
1932
Williams
sets seaplane
mph
92nd
X-ray diffraction
Neutron discovered
Dymaxion
Fuller)
FM broadcasting
Positron
1934
Sulfanilamide discovered
372
Critical Path
Casting of 200-inch mirror for
Mount Palomar
telescope
1935
lamp
Cortisone
First trans-Pacific airplane passenger service
(Pan
Am)
Flying boat
Ion-exchange resins
Public
TV
begins in England
1937
Atomic
radio transceiver
Micrometer
fission theoretically
Stresemann
in
envisaged by
Hahn and
Germany
Discovery of technetium
Jet engine,
England
Whittle
Nylon produced
1938
Ballpoint pen
1939
DDT
Development of A-bomb funded (dubbed Manhattan
Project in 1942)
Discovery of francium
Electron microscope
Synthetic rubber
1940
First radio
map
of Milky
Way
published
Discovery of astatine
Discovery of plutonium
Plutonium
fission
Meningitis cure
Discovery of neptunium
Rh
1941
Dacron
1942
Magnetic tape
First sustained
uranium
fission reaction
Fermi
V-2 rocket
1943
Dymaxion
projection Sky-Ocean
B. Fuller
LSD-25Hoffman
1944
DNA discovered
Discovery of curium
World
Map
published
373
England
1945
World's
first
New Mexico
Streptomycin developed
Phototypesetting machine
Discovery of americium
1946
computer
1947
Geodesic dome
B. Fuller
Palomar)
Reflecting microscope developed
Commercial
Supersonic air
Theory that
U.S.
Essen
television broadcasting
in
vacuo
flight
all
Blackett
1948
Aureomycin developed
Bathyscaphe
envisioned
Carlson
Gabor
Long-playing record Goldmark
Xerography
(first
in 1938)
Holograph
Polaroid
Transistor invented
1949
Giant electronic computers introduced to implement complex stockpiling and anticipatory arming and preparation
for
World War
III
under
title
logical warfare.
ACTH
General industrial automation emerging
Neomycin
1950
DC-6
Discovery of berkelium
Discovery of californium
Critical Path
374
1951
DC-7
DNA
discovered by Wilkins,
structure
helical
Watson,
Crick
"Flying spot" microscope
1952
First
Pacific
Artificial lung-heart
Radioisotopes
1953
come
machine used
in surgery
Cryosurgery
Swan
Cosmic-ray observatory
1954
Nautilus,
first
in
Alaska
Vertical-takeoff aircraft
1955
Burke
TV
'70s)
Open-heart surgery
Discovery of molecular structure of insulin
Artificial
diamonds
gem-quality by early
'70s
discovered
1956
Neutrino
first
detected
Transcontinental helicopter
flight,
37 hours
first satellite
feet in
diameter)
B. Fuller
launched by Earthians
Cologne, Germany
Discovery of nobelium
375
Geodesic domes
at
Invisible high-energy
Van Allen
to
house research
Discovery of mendelevium
Law
actions
Lee, Yang
Atomic submarine
from
1959
Pacific
Ocean
World-around
Unmanned
Luna
air jet
rocket
submerged below
ice cap.
Moon and
3 circles
crosses Arctic
to Atlantic
sends
first
(U.S.S.R.)
back to Earth
First nuclear-powered passenger-cargo ship launched
Luna
St.
1960
Sun
orbits
as
man-made
first
planet (U.S.S.R.)
Laser demonstrated
Chlorophyll
is
synthesized from
of
Structure
to
ocean
traffic
Maiman
man-made
myoglobin
protein
materials
elucidated
Kendrew,
Perutz
Birth control
Pacemaker
pills
human
for
heart
Ocean
weather
satellite,
84 days
Tiros
(U.S.A.)
orbit
first
Earth in
life
human spaceman
hourly
cycles
in
co-rocketing
vehicles
Discovery of lawrencium
National electric ultra-high-voltage grids of France and
Britain are connected by cable
Methane used
1962
Advances
Four
in
and superconductivity
communication-relay
satellite
molecular biology
from
Perutz
soil
core diggings
Critical Path
376
1963
Friction welding
Syncom
satellite
communications system
Quasars discovered
1964
New
pension bridge
1965
live in
and U.S.S.R.)
1966
Luna
TV
fly-by
transmission
Moon
967
human bone
fragments
heart transplant
Chromium
yet
known, discovered
storage capacity
1968
First
men
Pulsars
orbit
first
Moon
detected
Integrated circuits
First
humans on Moon
First
remote sensing
satellite
Enzyme
synthesized
Structure of
gamma
globulin deciphered
1970
soft landing
on Venus
jet
First synthesis of
First
man-made
hormone
responsible for
human growth
Mars
Moon
soil
311
brought back
1972
1974
Computer-programmed subway
train
1975
Venus
"charm" discovered
soft landing
TV
2400
to
villages in India
1976
home
TV
projection
personal computers
15
min-
to prediction that
in history of
gamma
rays
Many moons
human
disease
weapons
beam
secretly researched
World's
first test
six
major earthquakes
tube baby
satellite
surface
Insulin production using recombinant
DNA techniques
1979
APPENDIX
II
Chronological Inventory of
Prominent Scientific,
Technological, Economic, and
Political World Events:
1895 to Date
Upon which has been superimposed the utterly personal chronology
of Buckminster Fuller (RBF), his family, his discoveries and his inventions,
The
integration of the prime world history events with those of one in-
first
But
this
the whole
arbitrar-
is
The
and
experience.
common
else is hearsay.
first
seem
irrelevant
and pre-
posterous as associated with the great legends of the publicly accredited historical accounting. Gradually,
inventions
learns
how
may
may become
to perfect
If the individual
them both by
inclusions
if
visible,
and
his
he persists and
and refinements.
his un-
all
common
advantage.
scientific
to
Date
379
ing and motivating the individual inventor in the era of the massive corporation
and
political starting
state
and the
latter's
it
is
submitted in
scientific earnest
by
How-
its
only
possible direct observer. Because the lag between the dates of invention
common
listed
realizations
1895
and
Automobile
(first
invented;
RBF
born July
President.
way
At
12,
this
(at Fifth
cell;
New
Avenue),
York
City,
was the
tallest
occupied
building in the world, and the Eiffel Tower, built in 1889 and 984
feet
mained the
tallest
tallest until
in 1930; psychoanalysis
1896
1897
Steam
man-made
Empire
and
re-
(Sigmund Freud).
January
9,
tivity in
uranium.
Electric
trip-hammer
drill;
1898
Spanish- American
War begins;
radium.
RBF
makes
1899
Flotation of ore
1900
(oil);
enters kindergarten,
quantum
theory, by
Max
octet-truss.
Planck; Presi-
Boxer Rebellion.
1901
Wright brothers'
President
McKinley
assassinated;
RBF
President.
1902
to
1903
powerful impression on
Buenos Aires
via
Critical Path
380
gine-propelled airplane
Kitty
flight,
Company
1904
Monroe
to
Uncle Waldo
Uncle Waldo
(RBF's
to 14th streets.
to
Klondike
Fuller,
in the
1905
RBF's family occupy Bear Island, Me., as summer home; Russo-Japanese peace treaty signed at Portsmouth, N.H.,
Einstein's relativity;
1906
and
fire;
vacuum
Academy, upper
enters Milton
RBF
has one of
first
RBF
appendectomies by Dr.
Dan
Jones of
Ford's
tion industry,
RBF's
1908
Howard
clearly
er
tires,
by
Hudson
Taft elected;
RBF
fire
Andrews described
Chicago
from the
fire
Bleriot
flies
Peary, April
1910
6;
RBF's
1911
1912
flight;
President
collision
first
first
14;
use,
atomic nucleus
gyrocompass
ser-
cloud chamber.
Woodrow Wilson
with iceberg;
first
S.O.S.;
New
Orleans music
sunk
in
"Alex-
classical
RBF
in Class of 1917.
Academy
to
Date
381
many
becomes inadequate
to
implement new
in-
dustrial
manage-
dogma
wealth
initiative
all
and
excises.
Mexican Revolution.
Panama
el-steel (in-lab-only);
trialized
Canal; World
War
begins as indus-
technology;
RBF
at Sherbrooke,
their
new
1915
and millwright
in cotton mill
Quebec, Canada.
RBF
New York
&
City by
Armour
greater
New York
Co.,
City,
worked
working
in
Woolworth
into
commercial use
until 1928;
engaged;
RBF
World War
RBF
and
re-
AHF
N.Y.
1917
U.S. into
World War
RBF
Vitamin B;
July 12 at
Long
Rock
(April
6);
enters U.S.N.R.,
March;
AHF
and
homestead
RBF
at
built
married
Lawrence,
by Josiah
Martin, British governor of Antigua, and his son Josiah Martin, British colonial
1918
RBF
New York
Academy, Annapolis. Over one million American troops safely deployed in Europe
by July. World War I Armistice, November 11; electron employed
assigned to short special course at U.S. Naval
nar.
Alexandra Willets
toaster;
Fuller,
RBF
and Anne
born December
12; so-
Critical Path
382
1919
U.S.
Navy
flying boat
NC-4
flies
way
May
Harbor,
Brest
France,
George Washington in
Tower,
Arlington
to
Newfound-
Washington,
D.C.
RBF
Nations); Ensign
fly
to Ireland,
dirigible
special course.
Newfoundland
2; RBF promoted to Lt. (j.g.) U.S.N. Then to acwar zone Atlantic troop transport duty as personal aide for
secret information to Admiral Albert Gleaves, who commanded
gland-U.S.A., July
tive
cruiser
Navy, as
Fleet,
his admiral
and
paralysis
is
Armour
port manager of
&
in N.Y.C.;
new
1920
U.S.A.);
1921
women
voice;
Harding
August
26.
RBF resigns
from Armour
Manager of
&
Building, N.Y.C.
1922
starts career as
RBF
resigns Kelley-Springfield
J. M. Hewlett, and manuRBF; RBF and Anne's only child, Alexandra Willets
November 14, just before her fourth birthday. AHF's
mother
dies,
1923
House oil burners; RBF and Anne live in apartment, East 95th St.,
N.Y.C; Hubble discovers another galaxy in addition to our own
"Milky Way" galaxy. (In the half-century since Hubble's discovery
of another galaxy other than our
billion gal-
tographed
and pho-
to
Date
383
first
hound
buses;
Soldiers'
1925
first
St.,
World War
in
I;
bus
intercity
coach
lion
tal
Chicago
sets,
GreyN.Y.C.;
mil-
transcontinen-
First
commercial
airline
Detroit
to
Chicago;
phototelegraphy;
rise
of scientific
materialism.
1926
Electric refrigerator
adapted
from oceangoing
Nobile
fly to
North Pole
in Italian
fly
Goddard launches
first
liquid-fuel
1927
photoelectric
Atlantic,
cell;
New
Lindbergh
York
flies
airplane, Spirit
New
Jersey;
August
May
to Paris, nonstop,
20-21; Heisenberg's
Hudson
River,
New
York
in-
to
28, Chicago,
on anticipatory design
1928
Teletype;
Hoover
Sir Charles
machine based
science.
Kingsford-Smith
flies
Pacific,
flies
Atlantic, June
Oakland,
Calif.,
to
Critical Path
384
May
of
RBF in
friends
Model A, with stainless steel headKellogg-Briand Pact outlawing war signed by U.S.; Stalin
light trim;
cillin
Ame-
both
warm
1929
31;
lia
of U.S.S.R.; peni-
discovered (Fleming).
Aston's closest-packing-effect;
RBF
to N.Y.C.;
29;
"Great Depres-
RBF
ered biplanes;
Island,
quents
Romany
bottles"
1930
Day Massacre"
in
Chicago.
RBF
fre-
first
boom days
to service the
boom's
by the
hoped)
re-emergent
concept
enterprise
of
(it is
self-perpetuating
nance Capitalism's 1929 shipwreck and death, by "drowning," of international banking as the world's economic master;
RBF
on
(1250
feet)
RBF
ing;
under construction
sells
Navy
Square magazine
Einstein's
life
to
tallest build-
in Philadelphia
and renames
it
Shelter magazine;
cept of
1931
world by airplane
George
Washington Bridge (New York) opens, 3500-foot span; Ford Trimotor Stout
aluminum
hallmark
1932
of
President;
New
ed;
X-ray
magazine
after
diffraction;
neutron discovered;
November
election of
Fortune
magazine
ills
publishes
FDR
RBF
closes Shel-
and inauguration of
"The Industry
that
Industry
RBF Dymaxion
Missed," citing
Dymaxion Car
by
RBF
House
Date
385
as prototype of
new mass-
first
Locomobile Co.
in old plant of
first-stage
to
at Bridgeport, Conn., as
omnimedium
and jet-stilts;
orientable, rocket
FM broadcasting;
alcoholic beverage
many, January
banks
30; U.S.
power
gives President
dio;
approximately
all
Conn.;
6-9; Congress
FDR begins
18, 1935);
FDR, March
money
to control
failing finally at
hill vaults;
ravage Great
to
Plains.
1934
NRA
WPA
Progress Administration),
RFC
Securities
TVA
REA
Tennessee
(U.S.
Works
(U.S.
Admin-
Valley
Authority),
HOLC
SEC
(U.S.
(U.S.
Home
covered.
1935
RBF
1936
RBF joins
St.,
first
at Chicago's
trans-Pacific
Am flying boats.
87th
Pan
#3 displayed
Fair; cortisone;
RBF
as guest
CBS
television
on
first
TV
CBS
office building
England; micrometer.
1937
Atomic
fission theoretically
Germany;
jet
engine,
envisaged by
Whittle,
1938
RBF
first
St.,
in-
to the
Moon, published;
RBF
travels
much
Critical Path
386
of U.S. with Christopher Morley;
as
1939
World War
ers
RBF joins
Fortune magazine
staff
its
warn
II begins;
FDR
FDR
im-
1940
First radio
map
of Milky
emerging; plutonium
Way
fission;
published, U.S.A.
meningitis cure;
RBF
RBF
invisible
world
leaves Fortune
Dymaxion
inaugurates
from
fear,
speech;
1941
Rh
lantic Charter;
enters
freedom of
comes
Penicillin
religion,
freedom
World War
II,
December
commercial
8;
TV
7;
U.S.A.
inaugurated in
1942
RBF joins
as
its
first
move
to
Allegra
tape.
1943
Sky-Ocean World
man
1944
Dymaxion Projection
March 1; Hoff-
Map
discovers LSD-25.
DNA
discovered;
first jet
RBF
becomes
Deputy Director, U.S. Foreign Economic Adprototype Dymaxion House manufactured by aircraft
Special Assistant to
ministration;
Production Board,
AFL-CIO
Labor,
War
Aircraft Industry
RBF
Burns
St.,
1945
in
RBF
Normandy
Ga.;
goes
move
to 6
to live in
invasion, June 6;
April 29;
Allegra
Hitler
commits
as
suicide,
atomic
bomb
to
Date
387
shima, August 6
Nagasaki, August
World War
September 2
9;
VE
May
Day,
16;
Hiro-
VJ Day,
II ends;
typesetting machine.
1946
Regular transatlantic airplane passenger service begins with propdriven Douglas DC-4, secret transoceanic "workhorse" of World
War
ic
first
cartograph-
ion
Map
digital
1947
RBF awarded
II;
computer.
Geodesic
dome
invented by
Act
Dymax-
all-electronic general-purpose
first
limits
Palomar,
power of
Calif.),
(Mount
200-inch,
us-
14-ton mirror,
underway
in U.S.A.;
RBF
professor at Black
es-
designs begin
to emerge.
1948
President
veloped;
Truman wins
RBF to
summer
ing,
session,
Black
Mountain College;
Gandhi assassinated
established;
in India,
RBF
January
30;
teach-
of Israel
State
xerography
proposed; Polaroid
World War
II,
Rock Hall
given by Hewletts
under
"cold
U.S.S.R. explodes
war"
first
and
invisible
and
summer
for
World War
psychological
session;
RBF
to
Mao
III
warfare;
1950
first
first
to the people of
1949
Land camera
ACTH;
Tse-tung establishes
RBF, dean
at
Black
Moun-
DC-6
dollars, Boston;
RBF in
Hunt"
heavy
M.I.T.,
AHF
and
credit
Critical Path
388
card; 1950s
consumer goods
"fall-out"
1951
War begins.
DC-7 propellor-driven
of
ities
DNA
DNA
airplane introduced;
RBF
Korean
etc.;
helical structure
ism.
1952
first
Dome
Geodesic
RBF,
for
New
first
1953
first
commercial
II
crowned;
DeHavilland Comet.
Ford Motor Company's 50th anniversary, Dearborn, Mich.; 93-footdiameter geodesic Rotunda
trial
Dome
Edmund
climbed by
realization
would be
Mount Ev-
in 1952;
May
29; 50-
RBF's direction at
Snyder born November 1
Nautilus,
aircraft; U.S.A.;
New
and delivered
at
compatible color
TV
gem-quality by early
dome
ad-
geodesic
all
'70s;
'70s;
RBF
open-
Walter
to develop
Brooklyn baseball
sta-
dium.
1955
"DEW
effective;
RBF
con-
critics
of the problem
much
scientists,
followed by
UN
at
it
enough food
ly frustrated
humanity but
37 hours;
flight,
pavilions
(first
in
civilian
first
clear-span
in
largest clear-span
dome
St.
domes
also
orbits
Los Angeles,
RBF makes
course of
(until
first
in
Rome and
Rome);
in
RBF-designed
the
first
first
to
Japan, England,
etc.;
in
all
1960
around
Nautilus, under
merged below
by
Commander William
ice cap;
nuclear
to Atlantic Ocean
RBF's Energetic/Synergetic Geometry
Walter
Van Allen
(Sputnik)
satellite
Calif.,
first
50-
Earth;
50-foot-diameter
his
fulfilling his
rica, India,
visiting
Economic Community
dome
Peter's
of the Pantheon,
initiates
appointment as
384-foot-diameter
launched by Earthians
O'Malley moves
flown to
enclosure,
structural
dome
foot-diameter
1958
first
dome
48 hours by Af-
in
Illinois University.
geodesic
transcontinental heli-
first
first
Kabul, Afghanistan,
lecturer,
ternational
1957
that
political sovereignties.
copter
389
scientists
1956
which time
Date
to
Pacific
Ocean
and
physicists
molecular
subdis-
to
biologists
John Grebe,
in
levels (see
paper to
World-around
air-jet
RBF
awarded
Society.
Luna
Moon and
1,
2,
circles
first
nu-
Russian rocket,
Critical Path
390
into orbit
first
and
after fair
purchased
now permanent
structure in
Museum
grity
mast
State
Department
at
protocol exchange
of
Modern
Art, N.Y.C.;
RBF
appointed by
Russians,
his
in giving
work
RBF
dinner for
traffic;
RBF,
stated they
Lawrence Seaway
awarded honorary
is
RBF
407
and Anne
dome home,
erect geodesic
Forest, Carbondale,
S.
N.Y.; 200-foot-diameter
flies
Hills,
as Pa-
lais
tific
comes
to Walter
O'Malley
in
O'Malley
told
Hofheinz that he
in
RBF
touch with
as the
him
with
all his
despite
1960
John
F.
to
Kennedy
possible.
dome
Motor Co.
RBF and
of Ford
control pills
come
and unknown
bottom of
Pacific
in
84 days;
Dam
on
in
Americans agree
to suspend flights;
gains inde-
RBF
awarded
Frank
Brown Medal of
P.
1961
RBF
391
DNA
UN
Date
to
first
design control
for all
life;
(Rus-
domes produced by over 100 industrial corporations, licensees of RBF, primarily air-delivered and speed-installed in 40 countries around Earth and in North and South Polar zones, 1951-1961.
RBF proposes to 2000 architects of International Union of Architects at Fifth World Congress, London, England, to officially initiate
Phase I of Design Science Decade 1965-75, which will put world
on notice that making world work is an invention initiative and not
a political responsibility and is only solvable by a world design revgeodesic
olution,
which
is
and
all
visiting
officially
RBF
Cuba turned
continues Houston stadium dome design
1962
aluminum
for
RBF appointed
fessor of Poetry
RBF
Judge Hofheinz.
transition of
com-
prehensive technology from dry land into sea and into sky, from
visible to invisible,
all
basic
Human
with John
established
first
American
to
orbit
McHale
as executive director;
RBF
RBF exhibit
at
American Em-
crisis confrontation.
for tensegrity;
On
eve of Hof-
aluminum dome with RBF company, Synof Raleigh, N. C, which had engineered Union Tank Car
Domes, U.S.
642-foot-
Critical Path
392
diameter clear span, 208
high
feet
should not be
built in
aluminum,
lower bid on a
steel
RBF
under
his patent
and entered a
who
forsook
RBF
Roof Structures, who then proceeded to redeplans by using RBF's omnitriangulated truss, but by mak-
to
weight of structure.
its
RBFbut
opened
dome was
in
He
1965,
always
in reality de-
Houston.)
1963
Telstar
communications
satellite;
Syncom communications
flight position
satellite
detected;
World Congress of
Y.,
Virologists meeting
Cold Spring
New
Lyndon
RBF delivers
RBF
is
member
of Doxiadis'
sign Science
their Sixth
Institute
Oro Award of the Mexican Society of Architects, and RBF Recognition Day commemorated by University of Colorado; seven-milliondollar railway train robbery, Cheddington, England; Federation of
RBF
subject
Network on
national hook-up
broadcasts
concentrate on
to
Date
393
new School
(NASA)
for
NASA's
RBF
would be
willing to serve
on
NA-
would be
all
RBF
Clinton).
NASA operation in
on re-entry
sphere
1964
Act, July
tensegrity geodesic
self-cooling ephemerality
making
it
feasi-
atmo-
elected President.
RBF
subject of
BBC's
first
science
program on
scientists at
TV
level.
January
their
1968.
ble to be decelerated
its
dome and
is
of
visual
and
RBF
mathematical-coordinate system of nature, which conceptual coordinate system bridged the gap of popular incomprehension existing be-
serial articles,
RBF
is
"Prospects
RBF com-
RBF is a member of U.S.A. team in Dartmouth (Leningrad) meeting of "Leading Citizens of U.S.S.R.U.S.A.," assembled by U.S.S.R.'s Academy of Sciences with U.S.A. 's
Norman Cousins, Arthur Larson, etc., to discuss all known points
RBF
on Delos
Narrows Bridge,
sion bridge (spans
pleted in 1937).
New
4260
first
York, constructed
feet;
60
feet
world's
longest suspen-
Critical Path
394
1965
Mount
Blanc,
U.S.A.
height,
their
march;
first
Selma-Montgomery
commercial
federal-troop-protected
satellite
etc.;
first
space walks by both Russian and U.S.A. astronauts; U.S.A. spaceship photos of
power
state
two); massive
November
provinces of Canada,
reach 184,000; Watts riots in Los Angeles black ghetto, August 1116,
los
Symposium #3;
RBF
RBF
is
member
of Doxiadis' De-
Award of
Ma-
Dominican Republic.
rines land in
1966
January
Russians
landing on
plication
to Earth; July
to cede token
Man
RBF
is
member
of Doxiadis' Delos
at
receives First
Southern
no
U.S.A.
in
flown by Russians
Award
world work
ical
RBF
first
all
to
make
all
in-
terfering with the other and without any one advantaged at expense
Is
Dead" cover
story
on decline of
1967
first
hydrogen
RBF
appears
unmanned
1;
to
Date
395
Soviets achieve
spacecraft; Montreal's
Expo
'67
first
(RBF,
clocking
architect of
American
RBF
First Architectural
Design Award; Alpha Chapter of Phi Beta Kappa (Harvard University) elects
RBF
to
discover
and
celebrate 50th
wedding anniversary;
full infectious
Kornberg;
fossil
of Sat-
human bone
AHF
moon
RBF
DNA
by Goulian and
RBF
mammal, amphibian, and bacterium in determining protein structure; human heart transplant (Barnard); design drawings, economic
analyses, and model of RBF's tetrahedronal floating city project
commissioned by U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN, Geneva) discovers seven new mesons; observes that the squares of their
masses are in simple numerical relationship, supporting existence of
at
RBF de-
American
Association; to
rael.
to First
RBF
receives honorary
The
ered by Hulet,
who
known
determines
(isotope
its life
honorary doctorates to
13.
to be
with eight seconds for lawrencium, the second heaviest. RBF's "Star
Tensegrity" granted U.S. patent; Johnson and Kosygin meet at
develops
new chromium
DuPont
fossils
ice.
1968
Apollo
crew
first
men
to orbit
Moon;
Critical Path
396
elected to National
Academy
initiated;
first
6;
RBF
Academy
of
wafer
fit
all
-inch-square
and
9372
in
RBF appointed
from
Distinguished Uni-
France;
UN
slovakia;
climate
is
Expo
Institute of Arts
chitecture from
ates
Chicago; students
scientific literature
First Architectural
Royal
in
on weather and
of Archi-
'67
National
and Letters, and British Royal Gold Medal of ArHer Majesty the Queen, on recommendation of the
sized;
and
Sadao receive
Design
College,
riot in
New
Island,
doctor-
Ripon
#2
displayed at
Museum
of
Mod-
1969
in
49 countries;
RBF
de-
livers
New
Delhi, India;
NASA
launches
first
remote-sensing
satellite,
of
satellites in
in music,
world-
coli,
an
intestinal bacterium,
making pos-
enzyme synthe-
first
time;
to
Date
397
first
Doxiadis' Delos
ists
and Art
Festival, gathering of
Ho Chi
SALT talks
dies;
Minh
dies;
oil spill,
Dome
Wizard of the
Future published by
R.
Little,
incident;
Santa Barbara,
Buckminster
RBF
Brown;
is
Sidney Ro-
Calif.;
Designer of the
Fuller,
Urban Development;
RBF
versity of Wisconsin,
chitect of the
St.
gamma
from Uni-
RBF
is
ar-
globulin, U.S.A.
Newly
microwaves,
fluidics.
1970
first
of
New
dicating that as
many
ter
New Guinea
as
in
Day
and Australia),
man was
described
Earth
on the island
in-
RBF's
speculative
RBF
their universities,
receives Stone
Age ground
amino
Australia in 1969;
RBF
RBF is awarded an
lege,
jet,
ries
Oxford University;
which
is
first
commercial
flight
on
Symposium #8;
St.
Peter's Col-
of Boeing 747
jumbo
and
car-
man-made
endows the
RBF
Chair
at the
is
in the
U.S.A. (twice the per capita ratio of any other nation); 109 million
Critical Path
398
including
for the
first
time direct
TVs and
TV
flashlight batteries;
signals, etc., at
York
ist
first liberal
State; Dr.
West
first
freely elected
New
Marx-
National Guardsmen
kill
RBF
as
its
Ra
successfully sail
II;
RBF
Rho Chi
RBF
is vis-
ence, Italy;
life;
from Morocco
berforce University.
1971
hormone
versity of California;
New
Edmund Muskie on
ator
responsible for
human
growth, Uni-
"Op-Ed"
page,
March
27;
the
first
man-made
object to orbit
Man
presented to East
St.
RBF
there are
tallest,
per,
now
as architect,
(since
RBF
Supreme Court upholds right to publish Pentagon PaGovernor Nelson Rockefeller orders Attica (N.Y.) prison riot
signed; U.S.
pers;
quelled
42
killed;
Pakistan-India war;
NBC-TV
broadcasts one-
hour transnational program on RBF, "Buckminster Fuller on Spaceship Earth," produced by Robert Snyder (Allegra Fuller Snyder's
to
Date
399
husband); dedication ceremonies held for the Southern Illinois University Religious Center;
Sadao;
articles
on RBF.
1972
Unmanned Luna 20
soil
by Jupiter
(early 1979)
Moon
tour"; Apollo 16
space
is
Moon
rays; special
dedicated to
RBF
magazine devotes
its
and
his
entire issue to
tive";
visits
UN
Human
in deep-
Conference on the
"Declara-
Bryn
Mawr
Olympic
war
athletes,
accelerates;
RBF
Symposium #9;
air
2.6-
Homo
grammed subway
in
train) in
at
man
erectus;
San Francisco
RBF
Transit (computer-pro-
is first
new
transit
in
system
Residence"
University
of
Pennsylvania, Bryn
the
U.S.A.
at exact
South Pole
RBF
tuition
is
RBF's
In-
graphed by
Cam
RBF
receives honorary
Emerson
lege;
College;
RBF
RBF
Critical Path
400
1973
As "World Fellow
in
and research
and archives
office
RBF
Science Center;
AHF
and
St.,
move
RBF attends
Philadelphia;
10th Doxiadis'
Delos Symposium;
minster Fuller
RBF
Residence,"
is
RBF
reissued
is
in
RBF
station.
Dome,"
domes for
RBF is ar-
Sadao
ternational Airports of
and
Breakwater"
"Floating
patents
in the
New
"Tensegrity
Delhi,
India,
logical
revolution of 1966-72,
restrictions against
fuels,
is
DDT,
atomic energy,
RBF
strip mining,
in
legislated
etc.);
American
largest gathering in
lectures;
"Award
receives
history;
RBF
Symposium
at
RBF
member
a founding
pan constructs two weather geodesic radomes atop rim of Mount Fuji's
summit and
issues
Museum
San,"; Chicago
traveling exhibit of
in the
Crown
of Fuji-
RBF artifacts,
which
travels in
two years
to
Min-
Bronfman Center
in Montreal, California
Museum
St.
as Brockington Visitor at
Canada;
RBF
RBF honored
1974
Molecular biologists
animal,
viral,
and
call for a
bacterial
DNA,
beams message
ings,
Don
first
many
light-years away;
to
Date
401
verse
Mercury,
and
spend 85 days
Jupiter; astronauts
RBF
tion Skylab;
on 37th complete
in space
circuit of
sta-
first American
wake of Watergate); New York Times pubon wind energy; element #106 synthesized; India
RBF article
lishes
becomes
jumbo jet
own
Americans
RBF
gives
commencement
of Notre
Dame,
St.
RBF speaks
Department
to
bad
RBF
Chicago
(title
rises to
New York
granted
Tower constructed
in
RBF
Chicago
Museum
dustry and U.S. Foundation for the Arts traveling exhibit continues
at five
U.S.
year:
major museums
oil
in U.S.
Exxon up 59
percent, Mobil
up 68
profits
oil
embargo
over previous
percent, Texaco
up 70 per-
enough
life
knowledged-to-be-small, spherically
finite
planet (a restatement of
Synergetics,
own
coordinate system
the
in collaboration with E.
J.
nature's
models
published
Applewhite,
RBF
move engineered by
Wall Street
Critical Path
402
digest crude oil developed
creasingly frequent
the
World Society
by recombinant
RBF made
oil spills;
DNA
International President of
or transportation costs;
in Illinois
new
first
and
Breakwater"
ing
RBF
"Non-Symmetrical
patents "Float-
Tension-Integrity
New
RBF
makes 39th
RBF
in article
RBF
by Hugh Kenner;
makes 43 continuous
at Bell
2400
villages in India;
Lab-
TV
to
in orbit
Planetary Citizens
Award by United
Aircraft,
Domus
and
articles
(Italy),
on
Metropolis (France),
York
Monday
RBF
American
invested as a Fellow in
and speaks
In-
remains of the oldest hominids yet (3.35 to 3.75 million years) found
near Olduvai Gorge by Mrs. Leakey; communist indigenous govern-
ments
in
dear
home TV
RBF
friends of
pro-
attends 11th
RBFDinos
RBF
major figures
in
guilty,
Policy;
unemployment
rises to
over 9 percent;
RBF
January
1;
RBF conceives
as $3 billion
sonian/Cooper-Hewitt
Museum
receives 39th
colleges;
New
becomes due.
two
U.S. spacecraft on Mars, while two parent craft monitor the planet
from
orbit in
man's
first
power struggle
Date
403
North
Chou
officially reunited,
Mao
and
En-lai (January 8)
to
Tse-tung (September 8)
won by
die,
leading to
the pragmatists
and Rights
for
American Children; 26
die
RBF
Princi-
from "Legionnaire's
in Philadelphia
opposed success-
cal
and
warfare
biological
RBF
RBF
CBS-TV
after fire
Dome, which
show
re-
RBF in-
(July 4,
1976);
terbug," demonstrating
spheres-becoming-
made
of three
first
ed President; publication of
And
It
Came
to
Jimmy
series of
Carter elect-
Not
Pass
to Stay,
at
First
RBF
lanova University;
versity
Library
Association;
worst
disaster
of
St.
Vil-
Louis Uni-
modern times
nationwide
flu
thermodynamics leads
grams) created early
burst of
gamma
tailed climatic
in Peru;
in history of
15
Critical Path
404
conclusive proof that the cycles of ice ages on Earth are caused by
variations of Earth's orbit; National Science Foundation studies possibility
receives
Deep Sea
use in
sci-
RBF
Drilling Project;
in females until
about age
U.S.
Human
"Now House"
RBF
testifies at
American
RBF
13;
through
interest
speaks at Habitat
UN
Conference on
Canada;
exhibited;
RBF
Penang,
International President of
terviewed for
CBC
World Society
first
RBF
illustrated,
RBF
cone
Dome" and
be published
Modern Art
"Fly's
in 1979);
in
New
in
New
RBF
"Tetrascroll" exhibited at
in
New
(to
Museum
of
"Jitter-
Ron Feldman
Hindu
Gallery
as the holiest
day
moment
Ekofisk,
writes Synergetics
Retrospective Exhibit at
in history (according to
attack
"Pine-
satellites
domes
RBF
Eye Dome";
RBF's
in-
signs
RBF
for Ekistics;
it
oil spill
ever in the
human
beam weapons are discussed and seCarter drops B-l strategic bomber program; worst
Cruz de
Tenerife,
Canary
lands, involves
tensive looting
Is-
to ex-
satellite studies
Sun
first explicit
Date
to
405
reaction; Bell
Labs
11
RBF
of Boston and
Cam-
first
is
chair-
AEC
RBF receives
at Illinois Institute of
awards:
Technology, Elea-
ster-
Amherst;
State
Mitchell
Years
RBF
Tomorrow
first
My
Massachuby U.S.
States
Ahead of
Fair," University of
jail;
RBF
writes "Fifty
Post; E.
J.
Apple-
RBF
in-
terviewed for
pardons
China
Ja-
pan, Europe, and the U.S., while relations with Russia, Cuba, and
Vietnam worsen
to industry, sci-
ence, education
RBF completes
liberalized;
Ekistics;
Chinese
RBF,
Philadelphia's
"World Fellow
in Resi-
Il-
Architects
3,
Americans
live in the
Sunbelt states
trade deficit of $26.7 billion for the year (four times that of 1976)
oil,
machinery, cars,
coffee,
increase in imports; U.S. exports increased only 4.6 percent over pre-
Rome
publishes
Mankind
at the Turning
Critical Path
406
Point,
two
years earlier.
1978
World's
first
test-tube
baby born
wide
interest
England
in
girl
provokes world-
powered reconnaissance
satellite
disintegrates
snowstorm
over northwestern
United
inches of wet
foot); as lopsided
currencies,
is
un-
against yen;
Eastman Kodak;
and a "global
pling
mechanism
Game workshop,
electrical circuit"
as proposed
and recounted
is
1969 by
in
in this
book
RBF
World
to N.Y.C.
as a strategy with
much
and of utmost
electricity
and feeding
recorded history;
first
binant
it
first
priority in
into the
Moscow power
grid; last
smallpox
RBF
series;
Day
Celebration in Carbondale,
is
keynote speaker
at
111.;
An-
young
for
Camp Da-
vid,
Md, between
gin
of Israel;
to
407
Date
U.S.
government
$4.8
sells
billion
worth of
jet
warplanes to Egypt, Israel and Saudi Arabia; Japan and China conclude $20-billion trade pact; worldwide population growth rate begins to decline, confirming
theory that
all
RBF's
industrialization prognostications;
to
an anisotropically twisted
may
spacecraft
visit
Venus
federally funded
first
tests in
December, including
in
five
atmosphere
commer-
amid some
satellite
use in
RBF writes
RBF
DNA;
Rocky
demon-
opens;
RBF
gives
D'Arros
in the Seychelles;
RBF
interviewed on
ABC News
St.
proclaimed
Dean
RBF
interviewed by
traded in a day),
New
when
institutional
in rec-
it
will sell
it
will tighten
Critical Path
408
sovereignty to
August
dies
John Paul
II,
in
December
6,
34 days, then
chosen;
first
first
Pope Paul VI
dies
September 29
1999;
at
RBF
Rockefeller Center
world
cues
it
largest
stage in
largest
movement
res-
meltdown"
at
RBF
China
finds officials
many
near Har-
facilities
program
with
in the construction
Republic of
to industrialize using
"De-
DC- 10
in
Chicago
strut design;
man-
Albatross, using
new
lightweight, superstrength
flies
powered Gossamer
ogy
will
scientific technol-
ergs of energy,
and seconds
Pioneer 10 and
1 1
most
its
on
Io,
interesting;
one
RBF's
RBF's over-50-year-long conception, gestation, and manifestation of nature's coordinate system that encompasses both physics and metaphysics; prototyping of Fly's Eye
collateral material for
Earth, Energy
Game
ventories of food
Game
and Everyone
Laboratory pub-
strategies
know-how and
problems
in-
using
technologi-
in the shortest
time pos-
its
to
Date
409
man
cars;
RBF
and
efficient,
interviewed by
fast-selling
program
to
compete
Andy Warhol's
Interview magazine
St.
Mind Child
June
14,
Day Ceremony,
of America's
Crises in Iran
tages
fails;
at the
at
bank
St.
$800
large-scale
model demonstrat-
discontinuous compression-continuous
in
Dayton, Ohio.
Mount
re-
and Afghanistan;
unveiled
RBF
ceives Philadelphia's
1980
RBF
Architecture Conference at
New
tension
RBF
pic
Games
RBF
emy
honored by exhibition and gold medal from American Acadof Arts and Letters; Buckminster Fuller:
An
Autobiographical
St.
move
Dome
for
its
theme
building;
first
time;
9,
pp. 293-308).
RBF
travels
strategies
he
RBF awarded
RBF speaks
ergy project
largest
power project
in
human
Vt; Russian
history;
tidal en-
RBF appoint-
gressional committee
trick edition of
largest,
on the
future.
RBF appointed
to
Con-
in
human
history.
issued
Index
Appendix
ed
list
and
Appendix
eries
is
II
arranged chronologically.
(378-409) serves as a se-
economic, and political world events integrated with a list of events, discoveries and inventions of R. Buckminster
Fuller and is arranged chronologically:
1895 to date.
Academic
See
inventions; Self-education
and, 242-45
critical
in
italic
numerals.
245
environmental change, 129
in ephemeralization, 132-33
in circumnavigation,
in
in
human
affairs
changes, 131
&
numbers
in
411
Index
412
of free-falling bodies, 132
prognostication and, 133, 150
with metals, 132-33, 284
See also: Evolution: Class-one evolution; Ephemeralization; More
with less
"Accentuate the Positive, Eliminate
the Negative" (song), 146
Accounting
See: Balance-of-trade accounting;
Commonwealth
accounting; Cos-
also: Life
Advertising:
expectancy
Madison Avenue
by automobile manufacturers,
origins of, 96
86, 101
184
See also: Radio-triangulation mapping
Aeronautical architecture
mapping and,
188
dome
in,
195
See
also:
Africa,
World War
3, 4,
Air transport
also:
Land
mapping
20
of, 186,
288
of,
xxi,
22-24, 71
34
war
strategy, 118,
192
Aircraft engine efficiency, 198
Airplane
circumnavigation
DC-4, 195
in, 20,
245
234
World War
World War
82
II, 194
I,
performance
of,
20
233
mobility of pilot
of,
131
jet,
jet,
accommodation
on, 221
RBF
Afterlife
commoners
205
sea transport
Aircraft carriers in
passenger,
coast
of,
82
&
intercontinental
radio-triangulation
voyaging around,
See also: Egypt
Airbrush, 86
in
III
of
in
201-2
traffic to east
Air
See
trade-fair
AIA
Geoscope and,
RBF
expectancy
Aggressive-passive behavior, 67
Ahart, Bob, 323
north-south pattern
Aeronautics industry
radio-triangulation
See
(everyone), 52
of middle-class, 51
of nobility, 51
in Brazil, 294,
of pharaoh, 50-51
306
Index
413
Alaska, 11
American
AIA
of, 11,
also:
Animate
&
See: Life
experience
in,
13,
128
301-2
livingry and, xxv
Architecture, 301-2
See also: Buildings; Building industry; Dwelling machine; Environment control; Geodesic dome
in U.S.,
Area, 7
See
also:
Volume-area
ratio
of,
34, 35
development
14
66
See
Critical-path tasks
Arrowheads, 25
Institute of Architects
1927 single-family
dwelling
American Revolution, 78
Americas, population of, 20
Amoeba & complexity of Universe, 7
See:
See
Wild animals
inanimate
not physical
is
125-26, 144,
spontaneous adoption
of,
125, 146,
199
Consumer
ence; Artist-scientist;
Anticipatory
Prognostication (scientific)
Anticipatory design science, 203, 246-
47
Antimony, 244
Reduction to practice;
Tool
Artist-scientist
afterlife of,
50-51
50-51
open new eras of environmental
transformation, 26-27, 50-54
as builder of pyramids,
Antineutrino, 7
Apollo Project,
science;
&
414
Index
I;
Appendix
II;
"Scaffolding"
technology
Ash
Astronautical architecture
See: Architectural profession
Astronautics
NASA and, 24
Space-platforms and, xviii
See also: Apollo project; Astronomy;
Astrophysics; Ballistics; Criticalpath planning; Environment control; Space program
Astronomy
discovery of galaxies by, 345
prognostication accuracy
251
used by sailor-navigators, 29-31
See also: Greek scientists; Copernicus, Nicolaus; Galileo, Galilei;
Hubble, Edwin; Newton, Isaac
in,
human
survival,
5-6
Atom
conceived, 34
cosmic accounting, 120
first
in
118
tied to U.S.
See
SALT
also:
192,
234
Treaty;
World War
IV
Atomics, 27, 284
See also: Invisible reality (dawning
Attraction: Interattraction, 144-45
241
204
Atmospheric
III,
of)
in,
World War
critical
food
anonymity
107-8
10
(tree),
Authority. See:
Human power
structures
ment
Automobile
air pollution and,
279-80
RBFand,
retooling
Atomic bomb
development
of,
86
LAWCAPand,
234
118
See
also:
producers;
Dymaxion
car;
Envi-
ronment control
Aviators, 55, 131
Awareness
as integration of information, xi
as "otherness," xi
Index
415
Sensing
Awareness of child, 26, 62, 129
prises
as city-state, 68
geometry
of, 33
high priest of, 29
Balance-of-trade accounting
blocks in, 217-18, 286
computer allocation of resources in,
221
foreign investments in America and,
103-4
World War
in
I,
82,
guaranteed, 89-90
deposits
213
80, 88,
transmitted to China,
109
loans to prime contractors, 87, 94-
96, 101
mortgages and, 87
transnational trending
of,
218, 253
in,
in,
14,
lines,
1 1
221
to finance
272-73
287
Ballistics
73
See
ing;
denned, 64
&
patrons waiting in
ing;
interior
in,
know-how
of,
214, 217
See
in,
deposits
industrialization and, 77
83-84
oil
deposits
in Indonesia, 13, 15
in,
Babylon
gold
exterior, 238-39,
miniaturization
in,
250
234
J. P.
Barges, 22
Barrier reefs, 5
cating science
&
art;
Orbital
Bangkok
as canal city prototype, 24
boatbuilding
See
also:
in,
building; Water-people
Bauxite. See:
Aluminum
1 86
"Beating to windward." See: Sailing
Beads as artifact record, 25
See
also:
Abacus
2122
79, 119
See also: Fiscus
142, 143,
Ship-
Beginnings
Behavior
&
246
endings,
7,
159-60
229
Bank Moratorium, 88
Bankruptcy
and U.S., 113-14, 116, 118
in cosmic accounting, 120
self-regeneratively driven, 27
416
Index
See
also: Aggressive-passive
Crowd
ior;
sons;
the
Class-two evolution;
power
structures;
Human
Human
toler-
limits;
Thought
&
action
See
also: Artist-scientist;
Church-
state hierarchy;
how
Being informed by nature, 145
Biblos, 35
Chrysler Corporation;
See
also:
man
Environment
control;
Hu-
tolerance limits
See
ization
Birch, 10
&
207
See
also:
distribution
One
See
also:
Birth rates
Boat,
See
also:
Water-people
Bolivia, tin from, 205
Bombay,
India, 78
Bonds, double & triple, 4
Books, xxxv, 275, 331-32
Boom.
See:
Dhow
Borneo, ii
Boron, 244
Boston, RBF boyhood in, 129
Boston Tea Party, 78
Boundary: Boundary conditions, 4647, 58
See also: Earth, as sphere; Greek
schools; National sovereignty;
Systems; Topology; Triangle
Bow & arrow, 64
Bracelets, 30
See also: Abacus
Brahmaputra River. See: Rivers of
Asia
Brain
as information integrator, xi, 183, 343
damage to, by undernourishment, 10
deals with thingness, 159, 160
See also: Computer; Experience;
Memory; Sensing
Brain & mind, 63, 159-60, 161-62,
343-44
Index
See
417
also:
Generalized principles,
family
of;
physical
Mind;
Meta-
Intellect;
know-how
Brazil
industrialization plan, 287,
288-308
mapping
radio-triangulation
of, 186,
287-88
Brezhnev, Leonid
I.,
and energy
grid,
building blocks,
also:
Synergetics
Bridge, as artifact, 27
Building industry
Empire
American Revolution and, 77-79,
British
104
Brazil,
303-4
and great
as origin of
202-3
xxii,
58-59, 75
high-seas trafficking
naval supremacy
of,
81-83, 201
of, xxii,
201
Mackinder,
Halford; Malthus, Thomas;
Line of
vital supply;
"ins"
&
inventory
building use
refinancing
of,
in,
264
90
235-36
Geoscope display of news, 179
by stars, 28
See also: Communication Satellite;
Radio; Scanning transmission of
radio; Television;
Video
205
22,
U.S.A., 303
See
also:
Housing industry
201
See also: Phoenicians
Burial tombs, 51
See also: Afterlife; Pyramid
in, 13, 14
20
See also: Vietnam, puppet wars of
Southeast Asia
basketry interweaving
man by
tied to
Burma
British Isles, 16
Bronze,
office
self-imposed obstacles
Sir
See
No
56
ix, 7,
xxxi
See
Building blocks:
"Compendium," 293-308
Brazil
Building
early stone, 25
water-people land
in,
91-93
Butz, Earl, 274-75
Byzantine Empire, 70
satellite
Calcium 9,
See also: Vitamin D
Cambodia, canals of, 12, 13
See also: Vietnam, puppet wars of
Southeast Asia, Water-people
in,
206
218
Index
418
Canals, 12, 13, 24
Canoes, 13, 21
Celestial globe, 35
Celluloid, 267
Capitalism
87-90
concentrated, mobile forms
86, 110-11
early forms of, 76
banking and,
of, 85,
Fundamental
prise;
risk
Finance capitalism
(FINCAP); Land-based capital-
enterprise;
ism;
"Legally Piggily";
"Capitalism's Invisible
Army."
242-44
256
recirculation of, 284-85
relative abundance of, 7, 221, 222,
224, 290, 296-97
Chemical industry, 220
Chemistry, 27, 133, 247, 284
discovery
RBF
Lawyer capitalism
(LAWCAP);
See:
See
CIA
also:
of, 126,
Ephemeralization; Invisible
(dawning of); More with
less
Horsemen; Land
Lines of
vital
&
sea transport;
supply
Carbon, 242
See also: Hydrocarbons
and
and
322
26
city design,
television,
dioxide, 112
in
14, 17
330
Awareness of
Youth
Carbon-fiber, xxiii
safety of,
Cargo
See
ribbed ships
Jimmy, 87
tude
&
also:
life;
child;
New
Carotin, 9
Carter,
of,
study
reality
Caravan
Carbon
Carbon
CIA
Chase Bank, 91
80,
China
aspires to democracy, 197
bronze
in,
16-17
105-6
104-5
in
World War
II,
Christianity, 37, 71
See
also:
Church-state hierarchy;
Roman Catholic Church
Religion;
246
Catamaran, 13
Chromosomic programming,
201, 271-72
See also: Capitalism; Phoenicians
Cedar, 44
143,
Index
419
ing
cities;
Old
Man
River's City;
134-37
See also: Commitment to humanity;
Fuller, R. Buckminster; Human
of,
75
fortification, 70,
194
origin, 68
umentation
See
See
also:
Automobile; Fundamental
risk enterprise;
Prime contractors;
217, 229
calculating methods,
32
nurtures division, 214
72
sanctions landownership, 79, 88-89
also:
Behind-the-scenes power
of
God-king;
sins;
Human power
Roman
Catholic
Church
Co-orbiting of Geoscope
See
also:
Petroleum industry
Cobalt, 4
262
Behind-the-scenes power
World War
war-
Coexisting:
Always
&
only, ix
See
Abacus
III
also:
Education; Fellowship;
Ciphra, 32
cialization
Color
defined, 46
trees, 10
of energy, 345-46
skin pigmentation, 9
57
"metabolic" guts
of, 90,
212, 314
Domed-over
Commitment
residences, 264
also:
temperature zones, 3
See also: Race: No race; no class
Columbus, xxi
Comets, 144
See
tension
also:
City, 56,
&
III
32
See
Sun, 172
Cifra,
&
163, 173,
184, 245
CIA,
See
&
profession
See
Civilization,
monopoly of
also:
cities;
Float-
See
also: Artist-scientist;
Environ-
Index
420
ment: Altering the environment;
Expo
Humans, function
in
plines;
of; Self-disci-
Spaceship Earth;
Work
ef-
fectiveness
Commonwealth
218,221
also: Cosmic accounting; Earn-
in
218
331-32
meteorology, 181-82
as
in
optimum low-cost
See
Humans,
unknowing billionaires
Commoners, afterlife of, 52
Communication,
earliest recorded, 25, 33, 48,
in Brazil, 304,
130
307
post-ideographic, 75
&
others,
xi,
230-31
world-around broadcasting, xxvi,
218
See also: Broadcasting; Language;
Literacy: Illiteracy; Radio; Speech
vs capitalism, xviii, xxiii,
197,232,236,
288-91
See also: Dartmouth Conference;
"Killingry"-poker game; Radiotriangulation mapping; Socialism
98, 116, 127-28,
World War IV
Communist party, 118, 197
See also: Union of Soviet
War
III;
Socialist
Republics (U.S.S.R.)
Compass Island, 185-86
"Compendium" on
Brazil's industrial-
292-308
Compressional capability, 24
See also: Pneumatic compression;
ization,
Tensile strength
of),
&
only;
280
341
prototyping
&
research
of, xxviii
development funds
for,
stores, retrieves
&
integrates infor-
&
Game
221, 225
See
Accelerating acceleration;
also:
Game
236
Land
&
soil
conservation; Air
pollution
Computer
See:
Complementarity (principle
xxxiv
World
patterns; Television
living,
xx
125
verbal, 48,
Communism
tials,
in library,
&
189-90
Index
421
Cosmic
See
Synergetics
Copernicus, Nicolaus, xxi, 37
Copper, 289-90
as early money, 75
See
risk enterprise;
Computer
See
See
90-93
286
power
Critical
"Protection"
Cosmic accounting
246, 248,
Path
114
prognostication
in,
190
xxxvi
xi, xiii
defined, 248
See
also: Alloying;
Mass
metaphysical, 109
Intercomplementation; Spaceship
Game
xvii, xix,
LAWCAPand,
reading
xxvii
Humans, function
moment,
285
World
Water-people
Emergency through emer-
gency
Critical
also: Behind-the-scenes
accounting;
also:
Crisis. See:
in lobbying,
&
Bankruptcy
also:
Credo, 37-38
174
Corners. See: Vertexes
Corruption, 101, 275
Earth;
Tool
267
Crates, 35, 44
Free enterprise;
Cornell, 328
physical
also:
Crafts, 265,
Fundamental
See
Norman, 189
of, xxviii-xxix,
also: Capitalism;
Self-
disciplines
transnational, 218
in banks,
220
See
xxxviii
ples
of,
increasing profits
ix, xvii,
tion
Cosmic
242
found in Cyprus, 15-16
production of, 82, 84, 104
qualities of, 15, 84
recirculation of, 281-84
use in cables, xxiii, 80
See also: Bronze
Corn, 212
Corporation
as landowner, 273
as nonphysical entity, 105
discovery
evolution,
Mass
attraction:
interattraction
Index
422
in space
program,
xviii-xix,
247-49,
253
&
operational terms
261
order
RBF
255-
stages of,
Dalton, John, 7
xviii-xix
Dark Ages
and, 268
program of
technological stages
See
also:
tion;
of,
artists of,
254
dium" on
Brazil's Industrializa-
Flowsheet; Naval
solving;
Game
World
262-69
also:
Communism
vs capitalism;
See
xxii-xxiii, 7,
213
tion:
fittest"
specialization
7,
Cross-pollination, 246
also: Bees' cross-fertilization as
precession
behavior,
Dartmouth (ship), 78
Dartmouth Conference, 188-93
Prognostication (scientific)
253-
Crowd
See
See
52-53
&
prognosticating science
art, Orbital feedback circuit; Problem-
54,
xi,
232, 346
Computer; Geoscope;
cummings,
of; Scientific
e. e.,
xii-xiii
bert
Cycles
&
technical
of;
know-
Time
as
frequency
Death
See: Afterlife; Burial tombs; Life;
Life expectancy; Life
is
not physi-
cal
Decision-making
See: Computer; Democracy; Dictatorship; "Electronic democracy";
Information access; Secret
Deeds, 68
See also: Landownership
Deep-bellied, stoutly ribbed ships, 44,
69, 71
See: Killingry;
Prime contractors;
& indefinability, 46
Boundary: Boundary conditions; Finity & infinity; Systems
Degrees, minutes & seconds, 33
Democracy, 82, 83, 341-42, 346
Definability
rates;
limits of observation;
feedback
frequency
Defense industry
Weaponry industry
Human
Human
Cuneiform, 33
Currents (ocean), 29, 31, 34-35, 4043
See also: Gulf Stream; Japan Current; Navigation
Curium, 244
Custom-validated, xxi
Customs, 27, 145
Cybernetics, xxxvii, 342
See also: Orbital feedback circuits;
Shannon, Claude; Wiener, Nor-
bital
xxii-xxiii,
58
See also: Building blocks: No building blocks
Data rates, 231, 235, 238-39, 250
See also: Accelerating acceleration;
7, 17,
Time
Oras
See
also:
Index
423
xxxiv
Design science vs
No
xviii, xix,
building blocks
126
See also: Fortune (magazine); Geoscope; Information inventorying;
Malthus, Thomas; Population distribution;
of),
re-
sources inventory
helpless
&
limits;
Human limits
Human tolerance
ignorant;
of observation;
Mind
Universe
Design science, 246-47, 250-51, 256,
267-68
&
art
239-40
EphemeraMore with less; Naval
&
art;
ef-
198,201,203-26,254
also: Behavior;
Environment:
money
Dhow, 22-24, 24
Dhow
captains,
22-24
See
also:
National sovereignty
Dictionary, xxxviii
Direct experience
of Earth, 57, 173-74, 265
of God, 153-59
of Universe, 153, 265
See also: Experience; Experiment;
"Guinea Pig B"; Learning
through trial-and-error; Reduction to practice; Scientific
&
tech-
know-how
nical
Directions (in
&
out), 55
See
also:
down
Disarmament,
See
also:
Livingry vs killingry;
Treaty
Academic disciplines
Academic degrees; Design
Disciplines:
sci-
Overspecialization
Dillon,
Divide
&
See
lization;
See
196,
Critical-path planning;
prognosticating science
See:
See
at
239-40
tors,
among
SALT
political revolution;
conquer,
xxviii,
61-62, 162,
214-15
also:
Human power
structures;
Specialization: Overspecialization
Dividers, 46
DNA-RNA,
8, 342-43
Scanning transmission of
humans by radio
See
also:
Dodge
(family), 85
Index
424
Dymaxion House
"Doffing," 325
See
123, 125,
266
also: Self-disciplines
Doing the
See
also: Evolution:
tion;
error
Doing the
wrong
reasons, 246
See
tion;
cities,
Old
Man
of,
288-89
projections, 44,
163-65, 165
described, 3
early voyaging and, 38-39, 40-41,
42
River's City
Domes
conventional, 179
Down, 55
Dragons
&
164-
136,
169
Arctic-front disclosures
Domed-over
See
sea serpents, 58
re-
sources inventory
Dymaxion Bathroom
Dymaxion
transformational projection,
See
Geoscope
also:
Dugout, 69
Earning a
Dunham,
See
Katherine, 315
Dwelling machine
AIA 1927 single family, 148
Beech aircraft, 148
flyable, 337
in Brazil,
Employment: Unemploy-
of, 210-12,
310-15,577, 312, 313, 314
technological features
underground, 337
See also: Dymaxion house; Environment control; Fly's Eye; Gesta-
Housing industry;
Dwelling Requirements"
circumference of, 34
diameter of, 55-56, 171, 172, 173
flat-out view of, 43, 44, 46, 54-55,
56-57, 58, 254
environment
of, 120,
345-46
ele-
toilet;
266
Commonwealth Account-
ment; Fellowship
Earth
packaging
also:
ing;
303-4
tion rates;
II
Fog gun
182
size of, 55-57, 168, 171,
speed of rotation
to
of,
become radiant
172-73
131
See
also:
Index
425
&
Economics
national
See
One world
family; Radio-triangulation
map-
premacy, xxi-xxii
invests in U.S.A., 104
See also: Balance-of-trade accounting; Behind-the scenes power
structure; Free enterprise; Malthus, Thomas; National sovereignPirates;
ty;
Trade;
World
ocean
East India
See
Company
College, 58
Information
Malthus, Thomas;
World resources inventory
East is east: West is west
also: Geopolitics;
inventorying;
See: Kipling,
East
St.
also: Balance-of-trade
ing;
Rudyard
23
capitalism
(LAWCAP);
Life sup-
Thom-
Economic success
See: Humanity, option
Omnisuccess
Eden, Garden of,
to
"make
it";
313
Edge
See: Line; Trajectory
Edison,
Thomas
Alva, 190
Education
at home, xxxv, 223, 264, 265
books in, 265
by word-of-mouth, 265
computers in, xxxv, 223
conducted by elders, 123
funding of business, 220
future of teaching, 265-66
in Brazil, 298-99
in the 1960s, 236
initiating self-development, 237
misinformation
of public, 261
in, 55,
59
on
tenure
Ebony
10
(tree),
invisible reality,
in,
253
244
265-66
pure science
in,
71, 277,
278
See
Wealth, metabolic
Ecological Transformation Charts, 136
ization: Overspecialization
426
Index
Effects
Work
effectiveness
artifacts of,
artists of,
50-51
See
33
geometry
33
of,
Einstein's equation:
E = Mc
2
,
109,
158, 345
See
Lawyer capitalism
(LAWCAP); World War II;
World War III
satellite;
Remote
Invisibility
Electronics Industry
fallout into
xxxi, xxxiv
consumer economy,
133,
236
in, 148, 283
See also: Accelerating acceleration;
Ephemeralization; Invisible reality
(dawning of); Livingry vs kil-
gestation rates
ultrahigh-voltage
&
superconductiv-
&
pricing system
lingry
of,
Electric utilities
new economic
indicator, 103
path and, 253-54
direct & alternating current and,
208
integration of electric grid by, xxixcritical
XXX
Co-orbiting of Earth
ler,
Communications
uniform costing
also:
network grid
ity
Computer
sensing
in Alaska, xxxi
&
also:
peak
tron
See
also:
Electric energy
LAWCAP
New
Conservation of energy
trino, ix
ends
also:
Electrolysis
as
225
345-46
Egypt
See
84, 206,
World
Game
&
&
Moon;
Sun; Kep-
Johannes
Embryo, 119-20
See
also:
New
life
energy
252
crisis as,
113
in invention of words, 25
in war,
xx
xvii,
Index
See
427
Anticipatory design
also:
sci-
Emperor, 43, 68
Emperor-pope. See: Church-state
hier-
archy
Employment: Unemployment
automation and, 102, 223
before
&
after
World War
II,
94,
95, 102
in,
xxxv
on production or maintenance
teams, xxxv
on research & development teams, 223
producing no life-support wealth,
xxxiv, 200, 262-63
qualification exams, 223
planning;
World
See
Game
also:
and, 223
Earning a
Energy accounting
income, xvii, xviii, 28, 112, 199, 208,
212,219, 254, 276, 311, 314
savings, xvii, xxxiv-xxxv, 112, 120,
192, 212, 219, 222, 223, 229, 254,
262-63, 276
savings vs income, 109, 223, 241,
344-45
See also: Alcohol (vegetation-produced); Atomic energy; Atomic
energy industry; Coal; Conservation of energy; Critical moment;
Critical-path planning;
over
cities;
work
Domed-
Work
efficiency
Energy conservation
computer realized, 215
in communication satellites,
also:
xxiii
crisis
of 1979, 113
Energy, Earth,
of,
of,
77
72
from, 205
world-embracing strategies
See also: British Empire;
tin
World War
of, xxii
330
309-46
See
303
pendium" on
"Com-
Brazil's Industrial-
kil-
World Game
Environment control
lingry;
&
in survival, 6,
346
303
land buildings
gency; Ephemeralization
Energy
land grants
sea battles
fixed
xxiv-xxv
in housing,
See
in
Requirements"
England
in World War I, 81-83
Fellow-
living;
Work week
ships;
Economic planning
303
on Moon, 343-44
recent history
of,
245, 303-4
See
also:
428
Index
Automobile; Design science; Environment: Altering the environment; Land & sea transport;
Eucalyptus, 271
Volume-area ratio
"L'Envois" (Kipling), 223-24
efficiency;
mer Albatross,
xxiii,
as class-one evolution,
&
Gossa-
xxiv
232-33
as self-discipline, 133
245
path and, 253
in consumer goods, 236
in socioeconomic behaviors, 146
charts
of, 103,
critical
in 1940,
103-4
233
World Game,
Europe
electric grid and,
284-85
critical
moment
Invisibil-
Livingry vs killingry;
Me-
285-86
272-76
in farming,
information
with
innate
World
Precession; Structural
Work
effectiveness;
Game
geodesic
travel along, 71
3, 4,
life
&
human
Equator
Equatorial Africa,
246, 248,
efficiency;
in, xvii,
285
less;
206
ity;
also:
Evolution
203, 216-17
tion:
See
Everest, Mt., 55
in shipbuilding,
in
46-47
Greek schools
201-2
ronment
control; Ephemeraliza-
Humans, function
tion;
Espionage, 62
See also: CIA; Psychological warfare; Scientific
how; Secret
&
technical
(critical
know-
information)
verse
of;
&
entropy
tropy
Evolution: Class-two evolution, 229,
232,
as entropy, 246
Index
429
See
"WealtrT'-poker game
Evolutionary events on Geoscope,
184
Evolutionary processes, humans are,
132
Experience
can only increase, 198
in engineering, aeronautics, buildings, 128
127-28
265
synergetic integration
of,
225
less:
Humans born
Help-
helpless
&
ig-
trial-
Memory; Metaphysical
know-how; Reduction
to practice;
Specialization: Overspecialization;
Survival
Extraterrestrial
technical
know-how;
Self-disciplines; Self-education
113-18
for
CIA,
for
game
Expo '67 Dome,
See
also: Ballistics
119-20
7, 8
See also: Area; Opening
Factory as fortress, 291, 300
Farms: Farming, 270-73
Fundamental
Deal
risk enter-
New
cir-
cuits
Feeling
as individual's spontaneous sensing,
xi-xii
See
also:
Awareness
See
103, 116
8,
Face,
ruptcy;
159
See also: Design (of humans); Humans, function of
Experiment (undertaken by individual), xxxviii, 128, 265
See also: Direct experience; "Guinea
Pig B"; Human individual; Learning through trial-and-error; Pure
science; Reduction to practice;
life,
&
&
Navigation; Shipbuilding
Extinction of humanity, 192, 201, 215,
217, 229, 237
See also: Human tolerance limits;
Self-education
Scientific
Meteorology;
art;
"Killingry"-poker game;
omni-, 155
RBF inventory
also: Ballistics;
also:
Commonwealth
accounting;
329
Index
430
See
also:
Fundamental
Land-based cap-
ism; Corruption;
risk enterprise;
gan,
&
J. P.
58
See also: Beginnings
Finity
infinity,
&
endings;
for atoll-dwellers, 5
bel), 202,
path tasks
Fire, defined for child,
62
in Brazil,
using baskets, 13
as industry, 328
view of
Fleets of ships, 72
sci-
282
Flowsheet, 256-57
ments"
Fly's Eye dome, 310-15, 311, 312,
313, 314
See also: Dwelling machine; Environment control; Service industry
Fog gun, 149, 212, 314
See also: Black box mechanical unit;
Dymaxion Bathroom
Food
amount consumed, 343
for,
204
Transnational
"Forgotten man," 95, 100
See also: New Deal
Fort: Fortress, 194, 291, 300
See also: City-state
Fortune (magazine), 103-4, 133, 245,
284, 290
4D monograph, 135
4D Timelock, 137
France
colonial, 77
in
World War
I, 82-83
72
Europe; World
sea battles
See
also:
of,
World War
War
I;
II
I,
early, 73
246
for astronauts,
86
See also: Automobile
Foreign aid
subsidies, 114
to U.S. companies abroad, 105-6,
116
See also: National sovereignty;
xxi
305
institutes time-financing,
Fishing,
flat-out
for U.S.S.R.
engineers, 138
271-72
in,
xxi
in, xviii
re-establishment
of, in
96
See
also: Capitalism;
U.S., 98
Fundamental
Index
431
Anne
Fuller,
also: Chronofile;
"Guinea Pig
B"
Fuller, R.
staff,
xxxi,
44 136, 163-65,
288-89
See
Stockholder; Trade
U.S. Board of
104,
Economic Warfare,
289-92
"Compendium" on
Buckminster (RBF)
343
childhood, 128-29
at age 4, 241
search for cosmic-coordination sysat birth (1895),
alization,
Brazil's industri-
293-308
at
Radomes, 136
Marine Corps Air-Delivered Domes,
daughter
dies, 124,
136
127
Dome,
Expo
35, 334
Design Science Decade, 136
134-37
Transport magazine, 135
Stockade Building System, 124, 135
early financial crises of, 124, 134
self-disciplines of, xi, xxxvii-xxxviii,
123-60, 169, 171, 231, 233, 24849, 250, 261, 266-67, 323
'67
Old
Man
318, 319,
new
320
airports in India, 78
Tokyo Tower,
commitment of
microcosmic structuring
designs
crisis
critical
1927, 146
World
4D monograph,
136,
219
Man
340
studies, 136
Territory Trusteeship,
136
139,
136
Synergetics, 7,
Nine Chains
to the
Moon,
114, 133,
136
8,
137
Fly's
311, 312,
313,
432
Index
Generalized principles, Family
residence, 131
343
impelled to write Critical Path,
xi,
acceptance
160
of,
xiii
Fundamental
risk enterprise
as metaphysical, 109
as noncorruptible, xxxviii
as strategy of mind,
27-28
as unpatentable, 109
237
development, 233
in applied science,
in artifact
mind's access
in U.S., 87
invest in
of, 125,
at 85,
new equipment, 96
to,
xxxvi, xxxviii
qualities of,
158-59
scientific principles
Family of
Genetics
See: Cross-breeding; DNA-RNA;
Inbreeding; Nation; Specializa-
Game
Game
er
Game
See:
Game
Game
of
game
tion: Overspecialization
Geodesic
of making
game
dome
324
domes-within-domes, 209, 212
domed-over
cities, xxiv,
xxv, 209,
209-12
Ganges River, 20
efficiency, xxiv,
first
xxviii-xxix
86
trade
Morgan
directors, 96
343-44
See also:
Ballistics;
Tool
cooling
of, xxiv,
210, 211,
fair,
xxviii-xxix
stripped of
&
324
"Hex-Pent," 310
in Afghanistan, 195
snow-loading, wind-loading, earthquake-proofing, 190
heating
also:
AIA
1927 single-family
249,
Fly's
Eye dome;
Structural
effi-
Index
433
See
Geodesic sphere
Geshin
development, 283
study
of,
126
natural
&
technological, 126
of automobile, 283
Man
Old
284
steel,
See
&
art;
Prognostication
161-63
of,
(scientific);
structure
109-10
101,
283
in electronics
Geopolitik, 194
&
World
Fair, 195
artifacts,
Geopolitics, 193-97
land
I;
aeronautics, 283
Cartography; Demography;
RBF
World War
Gestation rate
adoption of tools, 134
Geopolitics
Geology,
War II
German industry,
U.S.S.R., 289
See
also:
hofer, Karl;
See:
living;
Education
God
acts of, 229
as a priori
wisdom, 27
180-84
See also: Computer; Dymaxion Sky69,
345-46
as designer of
humans, x
as prevailing winds, 23
concept of, in Roman Empire, 43
direct experience of, 153-59
existence of, 153-58
as life-giver
inventorying; Problem-solving;
in-
ventory
Germany
automobile production
in World War I, 81-83
World War
II
in,
307
-taker, 21
formalized worship
guidance of, 254
101
energy program
&
in
of,
of,
151
434
Index
RBF
will of, x
wisdom
See
157
of,
also:
Cosmic
evolution; Design
Wisdom
God-king, 43, 60-62
of,
49-50
game
Gold
Greek
architecture, 56
& mausoleums, 51
cosmology, 34, 35, 37
geometry, 33, 46-47
use of phonetic spelling, 33-34
Greek schools, 33-35, 37, 43, 44, 46burial urns
48, 71
as capital,
as
CAP);
ascension
49-50
afterlife of,
See
1 1
money,
of,
242
reflectivity
&
also:
Alexandrian Greeks;
Earth, as sphere;
75, 201
electrical conductivity
225
Sung family and, 104-5
of, xxvii, 84,
Guatama Buddha.
"Guinea Pig B,"
Habicht, 290
See
also:
ix,
Gossamer
&
positive
17
221
love as metaphysical, 156
Gravity,
xvii,
See
64,
& exterior
Gunpowder, 64
Negative
Gorman, Chet,
Buddha
238-39
Gondolas, 22, 24
See: Water-people
bad,
See:
124, 128-51
Gun,
&
coordinate
Good
XYZ
system
CAP)
Harbors
big ship, 335
Index
435
of Brazil, 295
333-35
Hardware, scrapping of, 205
Hardwoods, 10, 297, 305
Harvard
Hieroglyphics, 33
See
&
Sir Halford;
cialist
Heating
&
Republics; World
War
III
&
in
202, 219
Hell
as domesticated animal,
of,
inbreeding
Roman
of,
Horsemen
qualifications for, 52
66-68
armed, xx, 67
See also: Human power structures;
earliest,
&
Land
view
vidual: Little
of;
Up & down
cle;
Dome
Helium
abundance
222
&
visions, 33
in, 264
283
needs before 2000 A.D., xxv
physical properties unloaded by cap-
gestation rate
5,
143, 204,
Human
in,
Humans born
helpless
&
ig-
230
tion;
Hours, minutes
abundance of
See
57
Obnoxico goods, 226
Housing industry
norant,
Weaponry
307
rescue by, 338
submarine cities and, 335
See also: Marine Corps Air-Deliverin Brazil,
Helpless:
Hotels
Helicopter
able
215
leadership among, 60
Empire, 43
See
Water
Horse
concept
Asia;
320, 324
Heaven
God-king
cooling
See
also:
structures;
Afghanistan; Geopolitics;
also:
Land
29
Behind-the-scenes power
tors,
See
Communication
also:
tolerance limits;
303-4
tained housing
See
also:
in,
xxv
ing machine;
Dymaxion House;
"Prehistory"
Environment
control; Fly's
Eye
Index
436
dome; Gestation rates; Livingry;
Old Man River's City; Service inton Floating City
Human
is
not physical;
individual
all
humanity,
of,
vs great nations
&
214
unique faculties
flat
61-62
operating on behalf of
xii, 128-51
structures
world view, 37
and diet, 10
and military supremacy, xviii, xxii,
117-18,202
bank officers as, 91, 94
by,
125
king's control of,
adoption of
"protection" and, 60
197
xxxvi-xxxviii,
xi, xii,
also: Belief
Human power
integrity of,
See
as frequency
mind. See: Mind
opinion, 283
behind-the-scenes, 47
Time
Human
Human
137-38, 345-46
corporations,
&
strategies of,
xx
xxxvii
See
chy;
Corporation; Divide
Self-disciplines; Self-education
Behavior;
tist;
Commitment
humanity; Courage;
Human
See
to
Initiative; In-
inventiveness, 3-4, 64
also:
Anticipatory design
Environment: Al-
Class-one evolution;
Helpless:
Humans born
ignorant;
Human
helpless
&
tolerance limits;
technology
limits of observation, 56, 16162, 174, 180, 181-84, 224, 238,
240, 343, 344, 345
See also: Cycles; Geoscope; Invisi-
Human
vs capitalism;
&
conquer;
God-king; Ideologies;
Landownership; Life support inadequacy; Lines of vital supply;
Little individual: Little man;
"Killingry"-poker game; Making
money with money; Nourishment:
Undernourishment; "Protection";
prise;
Communism
also: Aggressive-passive
ior;
Scientific
&
technical
know-how;
"Wealth"-poker game
Human planning & manipulation
See: Evolution: Class-two evolution
Human
Human
tolerance limits,
3, 5, 6, 8,
Index
See
437
also:
history";
Human
&
or; Specialization:
Overspecial-
ization; Specialized
Human
exteri-
equipment
215
See
263
&
in U.S.S.R., xxxi,
problem-solvers, xxxvi,
8,
28,
250, 343-
44
in final
exam, xxxvi
integration
5, 8, 15, 17,
saltwater tears
of,
suffering of early,
159
Hydrogen
abundance
of, 222
behavior of, 144
in Dalton's view, 7
See also: Chemical elements, relative
abundance of
Energy ac-
counting, income
49-50
289
energy network
of, xvii
also: Electric
of, xxvii,
205-6
Ghana, 202
See
as information-gatherers
generalized tools
62
Photosynthesis
in Asia,
in
assumed to be ignorant, 25
computer needs of, xxvii
designed by God, x
of,
also:
Hydroelectric generation
function
(early), 4, 6, 12,
Hydrocarbon molecule, 28
harvesting, 210
in trees,
as syntropic, 276
unknowing
ignorant
Hunters, 13, 17, 66-67
See also: Ice ages
13, 15
as
Hunger. See: Diet; Food; Nourishment: Undernourishment; Helpless: Humans born helpless &
Hydraulic technology
as decision-makers, x
as hydraulic technologies, 4
&
it," xviii,
ization; Survival
Humans
as interior
345, 346
See
Humanity
Evolution: Class-
Ice ages,
in
exploration during, 20
four known,
Humans born
helpless
&
ignorant;
Information-gathering; Intellect;
Life; Life expectancy; Life is
not
know-how;
Mind; Mind vs muscle; Mobility;
Omnisuccess; One world family;
Physiognomy & physiology; Pre-
physical; Metaphysical
oceans during, 66
reason for studying, 229
See also: "Prehistory"; Water-people
Icosahedron as whole Earth map, 164,
168
See also: Dymaxion transformational
projection
cialization: Overspecialization;
ing;
Water-people; Westbound
man
Ideographs, 75
See
also:
Communism
vs capitalism;
Index
438
Human power
structures; Nation-
sovereignty
al
in
Speech patterns
Immigration. See: Migration
&
immi-
gration
not physical
is
World power
structure,
See
"outs" vs "ins"
In
&
tion; Ford,
out, 55
tion;
down
ence
Industry
&
art;
Production tools
&
See
Information
as awareness of "otherness," xi-xii
8, 215
Divide &
conquer; Genetics; Nation; Spe-
also: Cross-breeding;
cialization: Overspecialization
Incas, 49
critical,
Income
tax, 80, 83
See also: taxes
Incorporated (Inc.), xxi
See also: Fundamental risk
audio-visual documentation on
enterprise
for,
hydroelectric program
of,
205-6
by Phoenicians, 34
on, 5-6
early ships of, 24
origins of ocean trade on, 22-24
crossing
early
of,
humans
U.S.S.R. access
196
also: Geopolitics;
Line of
World ocean
Individual human. See: Human
Remote
vital
indi-
Indonesia
in, 13,
15
of,
20
also: Bali
Industrial Revolution, 53
240
as comprehensive, 53-54
as class-one evolution,
financing
of,
Television
Industrialization
denned, 130
250
data rates
of,
in class-one evolution,
77
134-37,
Indus River, 20
See also: Rivers of Asia
for,
information); Television
vidual
population density
160
RBF
135
through interactive video, xxxv, 26,
223, 224, 253, 265-66, 267
video encyclopedia for, 264
See also: Communication; Communication satellite; Computer; Education; Geoscope; Pattern reading;
supply;
banking
for,
newsclippings on
See also:
Indian Ocean
331-32
memory bank
208
Rivers of Asia
See
RBF
134-35
future, 263
India
See
infinity
in
230
439
Index
in
Universe-event prognostication,
239-40
spoken word in, 240
via radio, 230-31
Appendix
&
nication; "Electronic
II;
Commu-
democracy";
Humans, function
of;
gulation mapping;
Remote
Radio-triansens-
omnidirectional, 224
in space
Appendix
in,
&
213
225
25-29
and inbreeding, 7
Intellect,
cosmic, 152
integrity of, 154
origins of, 24
See
also:
God,
as intellectual integri-
Mind
ty;
&
See: Integrity
II;
gathering; Radio-triangulation
Game; World
59,
God
Chemical
elements, relative abundance of;
Critical-path planning; Design scialso:
program, 247
synergetic realization
See
xxxvii, 125
youth's, 232
also:
xi, xii,
See
of individual,
resources inventory
Intercomplementation
earning a living and, 144, 145
in design science revolution, 199-
200
in self-disciplines, 151
Atomic war;
Ballistics
Interest
payment
Initiative
246
in ecology, 143,
201
in "kind," 76,
depreciates capital, 76
freedom
of,
197
of individual,
xi, xxxviii,
Interest controls
127, 197
See
also:
Interior
hierarchy
Insideness
in
&
&
Interior
Greek mathematics, 46
See
also:
Internal
of,
See
Revenue
also:
exterior
tool complexes;
Naval prognosti-
tools;
cating science
Inside-outing, ix
&
humans, 250
Human
Machine
of triangle, 46-47
Deal
Interior tools in
of empire, 44, 46
of systems, 46-47
&
New
exterior ballistics
outsideness
&
art
Service,
262
Taxes
Integrity
conservation
of,
157
International banking
earliest,
effect
on
201
trade, 81
440
Index
gold moneylenders
See
76-77
in,
also: Balance-of-trade
account-
physical vs physical;
ing
less; Scientific
(IBM), 273
Telegraph
(ITT), 273
Syntropy
Internship
entropy
(dawning
Intuition, xi
in children, 129
individual,
xiii
26
See also: Artist-scientist; Awareness
of child; Mind
in adult geniuses,
Invention
in Asia, 205-6,
Game
and, 225
also: Artifacts,
208
Egypt, 51
with terraced paddies, 6
See also: Hydraulic technology
in
development
Critical-path artifacts;
of;
Human
in-
(early)
Isaiah, as prophet,
practice
Appendix
&
Critical-path
II;
&
Invisible reality
See:
know-
&
International Telephone
See
More with
technical
how
World
&
on gestation
See
vival;
Water-people
271
Israeli "shelterbelts,"
World War
rate,
48
II
283
cheating by U.S. automobile busi-
ness, 101
as mystical or magical, 54
automobile production
basketry interweaving
108, 206,
219
industrial transformation, 83
of technology gains,
xxiii, xxiv,
xxv,
216-17
on-the-sea
loci,
power
structuring
275
structure, 72
unknown
to economists,
133
Behind-the-scenes
structures; Ephemeraliza-
tion; Evolution:
tion;
Human
II;
Wa-
also: Alloys;
power
War
ter-people
warfare, 235-37
See
299
of syntropic
101
13
of cipher, 37
in,
in,
Class-one evolu-
limits of
Jericho, as city-state, 68
Jerusalem, 55
Jet engine, efficiency rating of, xxiv,
208
Index
441
&
physical; Scientific
xxxi,
hydroelectric program,
206
xix, xviii
See
New
Deal, 95
297
of,
xxviii-xxix
farm, 271-73
72
also: Afghanistan;
Land
324
&
sea
Land
&
sea transport
transport
Killingry, xxiii, 130, 186-87, 190, 191,
234
192, 232,
of, 205
ephemeralization and, xx, 132-33,
148
lines of vital supply and, xx-xxii
east-west pattern
consumer economy,
132-33
facilities, 187-88
performance per weight, 116, 234-
inspection of
35
See
man power
Malthus, Thomas;
Weaponry; Weaponry industry;
World War I; World War II;
World War III; World War IV
killingry;
Kilowatt-hour accounting
See:
counting
King
See: Behind-the scenes
69-
17, 42,
Labor
and
in cotton industry,
152-53
cipher, 32, 37
lim-
Kurds, 196
See also: Iran
demands
Khyber
Human
of observation; Metaphysical
in Brazil,
Kepler, Johannes, 37
religious sense of,
technical
know-how; Information
fair
domes
Kahn, Albert, 304
Kamchatka
&
know-how; Wealth
Knowledge
power
struc-
structures
Know-how
See: Direct experience; Metaphysical
&
art
238
also:
East India
Company; Har-
Land
&
soil
conservation, 270-75
also:
Landownership
among American Indians, 64-66
as land-based capitalism, 98
by corporations, 273
in American colonies, 77, 78-79
origin of, 67-68
sanctioned by church, 79, 89
replaced by metaphysical know-how,
108
sharecropping farmers, 79
"Wealth"-poker and, 79-80
See also: Capitalism; Farms
&
farm-
442
Index
ing;
Metals
&
mining capitalism;
"Protection"
Language
Lead, 242
"Lead-ins,"
33-34
improved by radio, 230-31
"Mr. Languageman" and, 62
See
power-structure-maintained, 214
See also: Communication; Literacy:
Illiteracy; Science, language of;
Speech patterns; Word
in,
Westbound man
Least effort
See: Design science; Mechanical
ciency;
efficiency;
in farming,
275
220
272-76
wrong things
xxx
Lawrencium, 244
Laws of motion in socioeconomics,
132, 144-45
See also: Newton's second law of
motion; Precession
Length-to-surface ratio
(LAWCAP)
andFINCAP, 114-16
Lawyer capitalism
of dome, 209
of ships, 233
See also: Performance per weight;
Volume-area ratio; Volume-weight
ratio
Leonardo da Vinci,
See
xxiii,
26
also: Artist-scientist;
Behind-the-
118
folding" technology
post-World-War-II strategy
102-3
of, 98,
ing; Capitalism;
(FINCAP); Free
Communism
risk enterprise;
&
thinkers," xxxviii
account-
enterprise;
Letter on "doers
Life
vs
damental
effectiveness
in business schools,
mapping
See
Tsung Dao,
247, 270
187-88
on map of Ptolemy, 43, 45
See also: Cartography; Constant zenith
model; Radio-triangulation
tion,
effi-
Perfor-
weight; Structural
Work
in business, 101,
grid, 186,
social),
less;
longitude
&
More with
mance per
Lee,
Earth, 172
(civil
tolerance limits
correspondence of Geoscope to
Law
Human
ignorant; Prehistory;
plines
20
See also: Vietnam, Puppet wars of
Southeast Asia
Laser (ruby), 225
Lateen sail (of dhow), 23
&
&
as copper source, 21
Latitude
Humans born
helpless
262
See also: Experience; Evolution:
Laos
water-people
also: Helpless:
See:
xviii
Leakey family,
Fun-
National
playing the
See
xii, 8,
game
also: Afterlife;
life";
of,
119-20
123
Death; "First
life
Index
Life
443
and death
in
49-53, 54
See
also: Afterlife
See
duction;
Life
is
&
energy pro-
Work week
not physical,
8,
342-43
See also: Afterlife; DNA-RNA; Environment: Altering the environment; Scanning transmission of
humans by radio
Life support inadequacy, 10, 123, 127,
140, 149, 190, 198, 203, 213, 253,
276
as portrayed in
books on economics,
according to Malthus,
190, 253
xxii, 149,
ness, xxvii,
also:
217
Communism
vs capitalism;
&
infinite;
Human
limits of observation;
Hu-
tolerance limits
Trajectory
development
69-70, 71, 72
city-state, 69-70
historical
in
I,
81-82
for,
118, 193
Weaponry
Literacy: Illiteracy
in U.S.S.R., 287-88
of the masses, 25-26, 27, 58, 214,
216-17
also: Communication; Helpless:
Humans born helpless & ignorant; Speech patterns; Word
man
World War
See
xxiii
See
in
of,
xx-xxii,
commitment
man
139
humanity's fate and, xxxvi-xxxvii
integrities of, xxxvi-xxxviii
on horseback, 67-68
patents and, 149, 150
problem-solving
of,
48, 248
124-27, 150-51
of, 237
world effectiveness of, xii, xxxvii,
149,231, 346
See also: Appendix II; Commitment
to humanity; David & Goliath
story; "Guinea Pig B"; Human
self-development
203
among automobile
manufacturers, 101
as self-discipline, 140
253
142-43
ten years ago, 254
See also: Critical moment; Environment: Altering the environment;
in critical-path planning,
precession
in,
Ephemeralization; Evolution:
Class-one evolution; Humans,
function of; Omnisuccess; World
Gaming
vs
Index
444
Love
Mahogany, 10
"Main effect," 143
See also: Precession
Maine, RBF residence in, 131
Making money with money, xxvi, 76,
88, 89-90, 91, 100-101, 103, 110,
113, 114-16, 119, 198
Making money
vs
making
sense,
225
Malay Peninsula,
11, 181
Malay
Straits
ocean trade
of, 22, 24
westbound man begins at, 24
Malaysia. See: Malay Peninsula
Malthus, Thomas, xxii
as
Mahabalipurim, 71
See also: Bali; Phoenicians
of God, 346
of work, 224
as
first
world, 58
as professor of political
of East India
231-32
Luce, Henry, 96
xxii
Loyalty,
xi,
Lunatics,
xviii,
equipment
tools,
alloys in,
College,
58
Lungs, 8-9
See also: Inbreeding; Specialized
Machine
economics
Company
253
See also: Earth, as sphere; East India Company; "Killingry"-poker
game; Life support inadequacy;
Marx, Karl; "Survival only of the
249-50
216
II,
95-
96
fittest";
tory
See
also:
Production tools
Macrocosm: Microcosm,
249
See
7,
47,
Mammoth
(elephant), 342-43
Managerial capitalism
during World War II, 103
Human
limits of observa-
Magna
Carta, 53
See
also:
CAP); Lawyer
gan,
J. P.;
capitalism;
Mor-
Stockholders
Manganese, 80
Manhattan dome as proposed for New
York City, xxiv
See also: Domed-over cities
Manhattan Project, 106
See also: Atomic bomb; Expenditures, public
Map: Mapping
See: Aerial photomosaicing; Cartog-
445
Index
Dymaxion Sky-Ocean
Map; Whole Earth map
raphy;
Einstein's formula:
Maple, 10
Marine Corps Air-Delivered Dome,
136
Marx, Karl,
xxii-xxiii, 10
Working
fittest";
attraction:
al efficiency;
Mass
interattraction,
335
See also: Critical proximity; Generalized principles, family of; Gravity; Invisible: Invisibility;
Newton's
in,
World War
origin,
See
128
I,
84
82, 83,
53-54
Automobile; Environment:
also:
Machine
Livingry vs killingry;
tools;
Production
tools;
ments"
Mass-production housing
See: Dwelling machine; Fly's Eye
dome; "Universal Dwelling Requirements"
Mast, in early navigation, 23, 29-31,
31
See also: Navigation
Materials, desirable properties of, 268
Mathematics
as language of science, 108
most powerful
faculty,
29
as tool, 48
decline
of, 32,
effectiveness
ence, 154
See also: Information access
Mendeleyev, Dmitri, 7
Mesopotamia
and Phoenicians, 22
early history of, 17,
49-52
man
civilization, 15
Human
in,
132-33,
284
numbers
ac-
tool
33
Work
counting, income;
as eternal, 158
as mind's
class
Mars, 34, 55
Marshall Plan, 105
Masey, Jack, 195
Mass
E = Mc
Mayas, 49
Mayflower (ship), 285
Mechanical efficiency, 324-25
defined, 209
liquid fuel and, 208
of engines, xxiv, 208, 209
using alloys, 216
World Game and, 219
as class-one evolution,
in,
xxi
284-86
consumer economy,
132-33
opens new era of technology, 80
space program and, 247
See
See
fallout into
strength of
also:
Index
446
Livingry vs killingry;
bility;
with
less;
More
Tensile strength
coinage
201, 275
of, 80,
nonsparking, 282
use inventory of, 282
See also: Aluminum; Bronze; Copper; Electrical conductivity of
metals; Electrolysis; Gold; Iron;
World War
Methane gas
Metaphysical
&
136
of, 5
&
immigration
in Brazil, 295
of farm labor, 272-73
of U.S.A. family, 131
See also: Mobility; National sovereignty; Passport
&
U.S.A.), xxiii
Military forces
See: Navies
&
armies
See
also:
ing;
lionaires
Mind, 230
access to design principles, xxxvi,
63,
247
as information-gatherer
234
solver,
&
problem
246
as highest
as capital, 109
thesis,
Migration
als;
RBF
human
faculty, 27-29,
346
powers of emperor, 43
resources, 241
function
234
cal
of; Scientific
&
technical
know-how
study
of,
126
on Geoscope, 181-82
in exterior ballistics, 239
See also: Navigation; Temperature
&
of; Intellect;
Mind
Humans,
Metaphysi-
physical; Metaphysical
know-how; Scientific
know-how; Syntropy
&
&
technical
entropy
weaponry, 64
development of tools, 250
in survival, 119-20
on production teams, 267
power structure manipulation of, 62
See also: David & Goliath story;
Design science vs political revoluin early
in
Meteorology
RBF
447
Index
tion; Life is
individual: Little
Metaphysical
killingry;
&
physi-
Problem-solving; World
cal;
Gaming
vs
215
216
credits,
facilitated,
gold, silver,
Great Crash
235
also:
Minoan
computer
as disparate-value interexchanging,
Ephemeralization; Invisible
reality (dawning of); Livingry vs
killingry; More with less
Minoan bull, 73, 74
See
commonwealth
War gaming
civilization
See: Cretans
effects in, 88
in banks, 89
manipulation
of,
139
parity
computer
facilitated, 215,
216-17
&
U.S.A.
xxxi,
advanced countries,
309-10
in
131
ronment
tion;
control; Ephemeraliza-
Hockey
player;
transport; Migration
tion;
Land
&
&
sea
immigra-
humans by
radio; Television
Model: Modelability
See: Constant zenith model; Earth,
as sphere; Geoscope; Synergetics;
Systems geometry; World Game
Mohammed,
See
also:
Money
of humans, 131
RBF,
ii,
of astronauts, 131
of
xxx
219, 253
ascension
of,
55
Muslims
271-72
not wealth, xxvi
use of metal as, xxvi
is
Moneymaking
as entropic,
276
common
See
sense-making, 197
also:
tion:
ly Piggily";
money; Precession;
Syntropy
Monsoon,
&
reverse pattern
Moon
and
Profit motive;
entropy
lunatics, xviii, 58
of,
22
Index
448
as
xviii
as spherical body, 34
Names
xviii
58
to,
youth born
after
humans
reached,
xix
See
Moon
also:
tics;
Co-orbiting of Earth
& Moon
Moonshine,
More with
233-34
Mechanical
efficiency;
Miniaturization; Structural
ciency;
Work
effi-
effectiveness
Morgan,
Game
288
as banking magnate, 76-77
banking houses of, 76-77, 80, 81
in World War I, 81-83
J. P.,
96-97
on change, 10
on metals mining,
War
No
family; Race:
NASA
race,
One world
no
(FINCAP); World
See
also:
tics
divine
mandate
sanctions, 214
72
nationalistic celebrating and, 174
80, 91
obsolescence
of,
285
286
Mortgages, 90
origins of,
ference, 188-93
effectiveness
Abacus; Cipher
See
ties
Space
See
class
&
(National Aeronautics
U.S.S.R. as a, 11
also: Cross-breeding;
See
xviii
less,
of corporations (acronyms),
273
See also: Conglomerates (business)
Names of individuals, 273
Nash, Ogden, 91
Nation
defined, 218
physiognomies and, 218
U.S. as a, 218, 285
of
See
also:
Behind-the-scenes power
&
"make
nationality
building
or;
Machine
tools;
&
art,
exteri-
Navigation;
Prognostication; Shipbuilding
Index
449
New
of British Empire,
201
xxii,
also: British
terprise, xxi-xxii
Navigation
celestial,
prognostication
69-71
in,
West-
bound man
49
as magician, 29
omnidirectional geometry
of,
32-33
&
entropy
272
of,
also:
Corruption
See: Conservation
of,
114
103
Normandy
272-73
186-87
Norsemen, horned headdress of, 73, 74
See also: Viking; Phoenician; Vene-
of,
270-73
96
Guinea, 1
119-20, 127, 128
Year's Eve (dawning of century),
57
New Year's Day, in Los Angeles, 27980
New York, 57, 167, 168, 174
life,
endings, 7
of parity
New
New
New
New
&
in physics, 7
Nonmirror image.
names of
beginnings
ples, xxxviii
&
Neutron, 7
farm grants
16,
No
Nobel Prize
Noble class
52
in,
242
Nile River reached by westbound man,
24
Nixon, Richard, 1 10
as behind-the-scenes power, 29
New
Mass
Niagara Falls, 84
Ninety-two (regenerative) elements
See: Chemical elements
Nine Chains to the Moon, 136
FINCAPand, 114
prognostication
Navigator-priest
always;
attraction:
to,
of, 240
"normally at rest" Universe of, 129
socioeconomic behavior and, 144-45
Newton's second law of motion, 63,
144-45, 240
See also: Einstein's formula:
mass-interattraction law
E = Mc Mass
successors
135-37, 135
136, 219
interattraction
windward, x
See also: Circumnavigation of Earth;
as architect,
17, 108,
York University,
Newton, Sir Isaac
133
Dhow
York Times,
New
200
landing
radio-triangulation
mapping and,
tian
North America
cross-breeding
in,
218
of, 77
farms of, 271
migration to, 286
population of, 271
North Carolina State University, 323
29
North Pole, integration over, 205
European colonization
North Star
See
Noun:
also:
No
(Polaris), in navigation, 3
Index
450
Nourishment: Undernourishment
and brain damage, 10
as chromosomically programmed,
246
as early city-state strategy, 69-70
as human drive, 27, 246
carnivorous diet vs vegetarian
in,
revolution;
"make
metabolic;
10
See:
No
One world
Earth,
198,213
adoption of
artifacts,
in cybernetics,
283
342
of Universe, 157
Geoscope
limits of observation
Observatory (ancient), 49
Observer: Observing
Naviga-
Man
Spaceship
Operating
Old
class;
310
See also: Cross-breeding; Humans;
Open
Oak, 10
Oil. See:
no
In-
family; Race:
xxi
symbols for, 32
See also: Arabic numerals
Floating
Wealth,
ocean; Universe
Numbers
Human
living;
Game
One world
race,
Earth;
World
tegrity;
also:
unknow-
as
One: Oneness
See
Humans,
Standard of
lingry;
289
in wartimes, 80
life-support, 213
of,
it";
in U.S.S.R.,
positioning
ing;
Petroleum
River's City, 209, 315-23,
trial-and-error;
cating science
Naval prognosti-
&
art; Self-disci-
from mistakes
Orbiting (as precessional), 144-45
pline, of learning
Orbiting of Earth
See: Co-orbiting of Earth
Co-orbiting of Earth
&
&
Moon;
Sun
Order vs randomness
See: Design as orderly pattern;
Olduvai Gorge, 17
Olfactory. See: Smelling
Omnidirectional information sweepout.
See: Geoscope; Human limits of observation; Information display; Information inventorying; Local
Universe
Omnisuccess, xx, xix, 119, 128, 133,
198, 199, 201, 203-4, 217, 237,
241,251, 252-55, 285
See also: Commonwealth account-
entropy
Organization of Petroleum Exporting
Countries (OPEC), 1 1
Organizations (political, religious, economic, social), xi, 140, 285, 346
See also: Church-state hierarchy;
Design science vs political revolu-
In-
formation-gathering; Syntropy
tion;
Human power
&
structures
23-24
See also: Asia to Europe; East India
Index
451
Company; Rivers of
Asia; Water-
people
Orientation
See: Celestial navigation; Constant
&
las
Westbound man
Otherness, as information, awareness,
xi
See
also: Orbital
on Geoscope, 180-84
See also: Design as orderly pattern
"Pecking order," 60, 88
Peninsulas. See: Isthmuses & peninsu-
feedback circuits;
"Out"
233
Up &
&
scope;
303-4
in building industry,
Senses
out);
&
of chemistries
See
storage walls,
&
electronics,
198-99
O-Volving shelves
302-3
in transportation,
also:
ization;
332
More
Miniaturization;
Oxford University, 62
Oxygen, 221, 232
Structural efficiency;
Game; Work
with
less;
World
Efficiency
as minimum, 157
Personal authority in politics
rations, 140
Pacific
Pakistan, 196
Panic
of banks, 87-88
of power structure, xxvii
&
corpo-
as capital,
as
1 1
impounded
solar energy, 28
200
atomic energy technology and, 192
critical moment and, 248
critical path and, 254
depletion
edgment of
118
of,
World War
26
Parity. See: Conservation of parity
Parthenon, 56
monetary accounting
Passport, 105
nature's production
child,
in
&
as capital, 109
claims, 147
cost of, 147
strategic,
of
of,
110, 223
of,
of,
214
xxxiv-xxxv,
phasing out
of,
199
Patent
expiration
84
I,
limited supply
of,
149
104
RBF, 146-50
192
in U.S.S.R.
289
record profits
refining
&
of,
241
111
Index
452
Pharaoh, 49-51
afterlife of, 50-51, 52
See also: Human power structures;
"Scaffolding" technology
Phelps Dodge Company, 282-84, 289-90
See also: Copper
Philippine Islands,
population of, 20
See also: Water-people
Philolaeus (of Croton), 34, 35
See also: Greek schools
Phoenicians
as carriers of technology, 24
coordinate system
entropy in, 28
of, xxvii
&
sewage
238
74-75
secret closed-system,
See
22-23
on the Atlantic, 72
of,
15-16
xx
cell,
268-69
impoundment, 79
28
in petroleum production, 222
in trees, 62
within geodesic dome, 210
zoological counterpart of, 9
See also: Energy accounting, income;
Petroleum, nature's production of
description
Physical
&
world
of,
59
Empire
Plastics industry
of,
records
also: British
75, 201
of,
234, 342-43
Physical Universe
as technology, xxvii, xxviii
celluloid
development
of,
267
of, 149
Planning & manipulation, evolution
transcends all, 230
See: Evolution: Class-one evolution
Plane geometry. See: Geometry
Plane trigonometry, 29-31
Platinum, 244
Plato, 37
Plutonium, 244
Plywood, 297-98
Pneumatic compression, 212
Pneumatic tools, 212
Poet as one who feels, xii
"A Poet's Advice," (e. e. cummings),
xii-xiii
Poker game
See: "Killingry"-poker game;
"Wealth"-poker game
Polar azimuthal projection (map), 44,
164, 165,
165
173
Political divisions. See: National sover-
eignty
Political reform. See:
Design science vs
political revolution
140
concerns of, 127
corruption in, xxviii
See also: Organizations
ligious, economic)
Polonium, 244
Politics,
(political, re-
Index
453
Precious metals & jewels, 225, 245,
See also: World resources inventory
Pollution
as result of profit motive, 143
See
also:
&
Land
soil
Confession of
motive
Polygon, 46
Polyhedra, of systems geometry, 47
See also: Geodesic sphere; Icosahedron; Sphere; Tetrahedron
Pompey the Great, 43
Popes, succession of, 43
See also: Church-state hierarchy;
Emperor-pope; God-king
Population distribution, xxxii, xxxiii,
18-19, 20, 119, 168,205, 306
Population growth, xxii, 181, 216
See also: Birth rates & energy proluction
Porpoises. See: Whales & porpoises
Portuguese. See: Phoenicians
Positioning of numbers
cipher in, 37
in ship technology, 72-73
See also: Abacus
Positive. See: Negative & positive
Power
power
support
&
helpless
ignorant;
Human
Price controls
Egypt, 50-51
power
of,
52-53
Roman, 37
See
Church-state hierarchy
also:
Prime contractors
and Reconstruction Finance Corp.,
114
defined, 94
New
289
See also: Fundamental risk enterstruc-
prise;
Weaponry industry
Prime numbers, 33
Human power
structures; "Legal-
World power
Public
Prayer
as "worthwhile," 58
of no avail according to Malthus,
in
view of
Precession
as noncompetitive, 144
as self-discipline, 137
141-43
Honey-money
private sectors
xxii
flat-out
&
Probability mathematics
structures
See
Private enterprise
See: Capitalism; Free enterprise;
limits
of tolerance
economic,
in-
socialization of,
structures
See: Behind-the-scenes
sin; Life
adequacy
conservation; Profit
bee;
"Main
ef-
64
Problem-solving, 204
as function of humanity, xxxvi
by computers, 262-63
by individual, 125, 127
complex, 239
in livingry, 125, 266, 268
most effective, 251
most urgent problem and, 344-45
short-range, 127
space program and, 247
traditional political, 219
using new inventions, 216
with artifacts, 309
Index
454
World Game and, 204
See also: Critical-path planning;
Humans,
Critical-path tasks;
function
World
of;
Game
229
Profit,
Production
in naval science
World War
I,
ment
Promethium, 242
"Protection"
Profit
motive
in seeking patents,
149
273-74
Prognostication (scientific)
like archery,
&
238
247
of evolutionary trending, 237
of 1927, 136
of time of arrival of a ship, 238
RBFand, 133, 136, 137, 196
RBF's applications of, 241-51
subjective & objective, 237-38
&
art of,
World
Prognostication (subjective)
246-47
Dartmouth Conference, 189
as a subjective science,
distant, 261
by navigators, 133
of events, 150
Old Testament,
48, 52
58
also:
Proton,
7,
67-68
Human power
structures
242
War
World
III
234-37
ballistics,
Universe-event, 239-40
early,
earliest,
See
229
naval science
at
238
educational, 137
navigation
art,
81-82
as a bluff, 89
Critical
&
resulting
267
297
in Brazil,
in
corporate, 220
in Afghanistan, 188
in Iran, 196
in U.S.,
in
116-19
World War
I,
82-83
240
industrialization's,
Index
455
89
estate,
Reality
Scientist
Pyramid
161
as sense apprehendible, 161
See
also:
Human
limits of observa-
(dawning
of)
building
in
technology
Pythagoras
Queen Mary
Questions
Real
&
(ship), 233
answers (cosmic magni-
cycles
in,
281-84
xxxiv, 208,
205
tude), 153
No
Race:
race,
Radar, 192
Radiation
as energy (dissociative), 109
compared to gravity as energy (associative as matter), 156
See also: Conservation of energy; Energy accounting, income; Energy
accounting, savings; Physical Universe; Syntropy & entropy
Radio
improves spoken language, 230-31
RBF
also:
Radomes, 136
Rafts, 11-12, 13, 69, 285
Randomness, design
152
See also: Design as orderly pattern;
Syntropy & entropy
vs,
205, 216
Metals & mining
capitalism; Metals industry
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
See
also: Metals;
(RFC),
Red
Sea, 22-24, 71
World
Game
Reefs, coral, 15
Reform of organizations
See: Design science vs political evolution; Organizations (political, reli-
technology
Refrigeration 271
Regeneration
as integrity of eternal, 159
as recirculation of terrestrial ecology. 281
See also: Ecology; Species regeneration
Regenerative system, Universe as one
& only eternal, 157
456
Index
See
Universe
also:
Religions
division into, xxviii
346
leaders,
monks
&
strong churches
of,
59
See
traditional, 151
See
also:
Abacus
See:
missionaries, 285
Church-state hierarchy
prevailing
Religious freedom, 77
Remote
Robin Hood, as
by
sensing
satellite,
341-42
instrumentation
for, 238,
of,
192
German development
in warfare,
research
&
of, xviii
234
development funds
for,
xx
See also: Astronautics; Atomic war;
Ballistics; Space program
Rome,
ancient
&
mausoleums; Ro-
88-89
excommunication of heretics, 152
as landowner,
know-how;
of,
88
See also: Church-state hierarchy
Roman Empire
and burning of Alexandrian
44
library,
Human power
Emperor;
struc-
tures
Roman
numerals, 32
and
Brazil,
288-89
15
96
as artifact, 15
establishes
delivery times
man Empire
Roman Catholic Church 88-89
Rent controls
Eisenhower ends, 103
New Deal and, 96
science;
hero, 134
Rocket
343
through picture transmission from
Moon, 163
through Earth-landing tests, 8
See also: "Electronic democracy";
Human tolerance limits; Radiotriangulation mapping; Sensing
Renewable energy resources
See: Energy accounting, income
paddy
RBF
for
New
inauguration
Deal, 89
of, 88,
89
Index
457
World War
See
II
New
also:
Deal
ronment
Rosewood, 10
Ross, Betsy, 78
Rubber
(hard),
267
Rubies, 225
plines; Self-education;
U.S.A.
Specialization Overspecialization
:
Science, 244
296
language of, xxvii
See also: Applied science; Naval
in Brazil,
Rust: Nonrusting, 22
prognosticating science
&
art;
Pure science
Science (journal), 9
Sailing
"beating to windward", x
celestial navigation and,
tacking to port
See
&
Sailing ships
44
Navigator-
priest
St.
Peter's
as capital, 109
as
See
111, 112
starboard, x
Dhow; Phoenicians
also:
Scientific
29-31, 31
dome, 179
in
Saladin, 44
Scientific
Remote
sensing
American, 108
experiments
of,
records
of,
first
265
34
242-
45
Saturn, 34
Morgan,
Saudi Arabia
acquires banking know-how, 1 1
buying power of, 110-12
"cold war" and, 111
See also: Petroleum industry
"Scaffolding" technology, 50-54, 302
See also: Environment: Altering the
environment
Scanning transmission of humans by
radio, 8, 245, 342
Scenario
the-scenes
and, 100
power
structure;
De-
(dawning
of);
Re-
Scrap metal
See: Recirculation of metals
as episode-interweavings, xi
cosmic,
J. P.
xi
Scribe, as tool of
cians,
Greek mathemati-
46
24
Index
458
64-
66
169, 171
know-how
Exchange Commission
232
total of,
power
Communication; Design
science revolution; Design science
See
also: Behind-the-scenes
structure;
&
Mathematics; Scientif-
technical
Securities
&
(SEC),
See also: Banks: Banking;
Seeing, 63
Deal
163
outside ourselves, 343
rates of
motion and, 1 62
Geoscope; Human
also:
limits of
mote
254-55
New
See
262
(dawning
Re-
of);
123-60
and the all-important commitment, 151
commitment to humanity as a, xi,
Self-disciplines,
of self-employment, 144
of
of
of
of
of
working
effectively,
250
on funding, 141
origin of, xxxvii
1927 commitment
248-49
to,
141-46
prognostication as
See
also:
a,
Appendix
150
II;
Artifacts;
Commitment
to humanity;
Design
educational, 125
Lord's Prayer"; Experience; Experiment (undertaken by the individual); "Guinea Pig B"; Human
individual;
when
go-
thinking; Earn-
Humans, function
Problem-solving; Reduction to
Reforming the environ-
practice;
151, 231
is
tion;
World
belief,
&
Game
Self-education, 264,
of;
Information-gathering; Learning
265-66
ac-
Index
459
human
&
animal, 63
of "otherness," xi-xii
See
also:
its
Brain
&
mind;
of observation;
Remote
cuits;
cir-
and
sensing
&
art
Shipbuilding
architecture, 49
Sentence construction, 75
Service industry, 310, 313-14, 337
for dwelling machine, xxv
renting replaces owning in, 267
ephemeralization
in naval science
Bangkok, 21-22
in
Egypt, 17
233-34
Mediterranean area, 72
& art, 238
navy yard, 239-40
of British Empire, 58
origins of, 22
in
RBF
experience
wood
See
in,
128
to steel technology
also: Boat;
Siberia, 11
Sicily,
274-75
Silver
after
as early
as electrical conductor, 84
72, 73
battleship as
a,
234
Roman
Empire, 70
of, 29-32
Queen Mary performance
ribs of, 30
scale of, 180
size of, 233
navigation
as,
233
&
&
Ship technology
Shoemaker's milk cow, xxvi
Shoriki, Matsutaro, 136, 337-38
art;
239
Trojan horse as, 69-70
See also: Dhow; Environment control; Land & sea transport; Line
of vital supply; Logistics; Naval
target
control;
Sifr,
Ship
in
77
in,
Environment
dwelling
Shelter (magazine), 133, 135
"Shelterbelts," 271,
in,
in
firing,
prognosticating science
&
art;
Water-people
Ship of state with 1 50 admirals, xxxiv
ship;
217-18
See also: National sovereignty;
Spaceship Earth
Ship technology, 21-22
Biosynthesis in
Man,"
Skin pigmentation
and race, 10-11
and vitamin D, 9
resulting from specialization, xxviii
See also: Physiognomy & physiology; Race: No race, no class; Specialization: Overspecialization
Skyscraper, air-deliverable, 337
460
Index
Slavery
and
52
in building of pyramids, 49, 50-5
afterlife,
289
Race:
in Russia,
See
also:
as origin of navigation,
No
race,
no
class
also:
New
Deal, 89, 96
in U.S. banks,
89-90
97-98
government subsidies, 87
World War II, 191-92
in U.S. corporations,
in U.S.
in
LAWCAPon,
106-9, 113
See
also: Capitalism;
Communism
(FINCAP); Free
damental
enterprise;
risk enterprise;
capitalism
Fun-
Lawyer
(LAWCAP); New
also: Life
224
support inadequacy;
&
class-two evolution,
247
247
Apollo project; Astronau-
See
also:
tics;
Critical-path planning;
Rock-
et; Satellite
Spaceship Earth
accounting system of, 202
as sphere, 184
burning hull of, 219, 223
operation of, 309
orientation & course of, 55, 184
passengers in peril on, 215
passengers on board, 131, 132, 202,
205
trends affecting, 241
with 150 admirals, 217-18
Spain, 72, 77
See also: Europe
Spear, 64, 67
:
Overspecialization,
215
by color, xxviii
by language, xxviii, 75
by religion, xxviii
extinction in biological species and,
Socioeconomic behavior
accelerating acceleration
in,
215
132
in adults, 63
63
economics, 133
of humanity, xxviii
of tribes, 215
in animals,
132-46
in
Solar system
See
13
xxviii, 162,
existence
29-32
in,
of,
Specialization
Deal
See
286
205-6
Sensing
Adam, 79
to,
52
See also: Water-people; World ocean
Southeast Asia hydroelectric program,
Smelling, 63
See
basketry interweaving
navigators
Sling (weapon), 64
Smith,
of,
also: Co-orbiting of
xxi
Earth
&
Sun
No solids, 158
See also: Invisible reality (dawning
Solid:
Survival
Specialized equipment, 130, 250, 345,
of)
Sound, speed
61-62
world electric energy network and,
215
See also: Awareness of child; Divide
& conquer; Genius; Human power structures; One world family;
origins of,
of,
231
346
Index
461
as entropic, 223
of animals, 63
lungs
8-9
as,
as navigational
29-31, 31
at zenith, 173
catalog, 43
Tool
Species regeneration, as
human drive, 27
3-24
Critical
See
fix,
as spherical body, 34
also: Helpless:
&
helpless
Humans born
ignorant;
Human
toler-
ance limits
Speech patterns
ignorance of local dialects
universal,
230
in, 25-26
230-31
See also: Communication; Literacy:
Illiteracy; Language; Word
Speed-of-light magnitude (light-year),
116
Sphere
Steel, 205,
in,
as omnidirectional
wave
284
construction, 304-5
front of
158
light,
as planet, 34
in U.S.S.R.,
of, 55,
57
See
surface-to-volume ratio
of,
xxiv
duction tools
Stockade building system, 124, 135
Stockholders, 86, 91, 94, 96, 100
World War
Spherical trigonometry, 44
after
Standard of
276
improvement extended
to everyone,
53
in unfamiliar
in U.S.,
form, 237
102
lization;
Livingry vs killingry
See
and
245
56,
xviii
Steamship, circumnavigation
Steam turbine, 84
102, 103
216
alloys in,
cathedral vs geodesic
dome
in,
190
defined, 209
in Brazil,
in heating
303-4
&
320, 324,
interstellar distances, 172
II,
336-37
462
Index
World
See
Game
also:
and, 219
See
science; Ephemeralization;
desic
dome; Mechanical
cy; Metallurgy;
World
Geo-
efficien-
More with
less;
Game
Photosynthesis
also:
Sung family,
Structure
15, 104
See also: Banks: Banking; Gold bul-
lion
systems geometry, 7, 8
& compressive balance, 4
microcosmic, 136
See also: Synergetics; Tetrahedron
Structuring principles of synergetics,
in
in tensive
189-90
See also: Geodesic dome
Submarine
in
also:
Sunlight
World War
81, 82, 83
I,
337
nuclear, 117
Vertol launched from, 193
islands,
46
among American
Indians, 65-66
characteristics of workers, 10
Subversion, 235-37
competition
in
Afghanistan, 196
in Iran, 196
Sulphur
discovery
of,
242
219-20
Sumatra, 11
banking in, 13, 15
population of, 20
See also: Water-people
Sun
for,
123
requires water, 4,
5, 6, 12,
in,
6-7
&
Human
less
limits;
345
never sets on British Empire, xxi-
tional sovereignty;
xxii
15
as spherical body, 34
classification of,
266
ignorant;
tolerance
One world
fittest," xxii-
203, 213
Darwin, Charles Robert;
See
also:
Swimmers, inbreeding
of,
8-9
136
Index
in
463
189-90
in structuring,
of Universe, 156
See also: System: Systems: Systems
geometry; Tetrahedron;
XYZ
co-
ordinate system
Synergetics, Vols.
159,
&
Teak
Sun-filtering of, 10
Technetium, 244
Technology
"new" phenomenon,
as not a
2, xxviii, 136,
241-42
24
50-54
metallurgy and, 80
Physical
&
metaphysical; Physical
&
compression; Universe
System: Systems: Systems geometry
closed-system
in,
58
249
divides inside from outside,
concept
of,
7, 8
240
in synergetics,
46-47
7-8
also: Spherical
getics;
use of computer in
See
also:
&
&
II;
technical
Tactile. See:
Touching
in
236
critical
path tasks
in,
xix
See also: Appendix I & II; Criticalpath planning; Design science revolution; Design science vs
political revolution; Ephemeralization; Invisible revolution; Liv-
Tectonics,
Remote
sensing
Telephone companies, 83
See also: Service industry
Television, 26, 163
computer-augmented, 224
Tartarian picto-linguistic, 33
Tax
re-
Telemetry. See:
in
know-how; World
sources inventory
ingry vs killingry
in Universe,
See
xxvii
as tension-interfastening capability,
254
on college students, 23
influence
products, 220
Tax
174
transmission towers
See
come
tax
See
for,
also: Broadcasting;
tion;
Remote
337-38
Communica-
sensing; Video
Temperature
cosmic, 345
determines social patterns, 3-4
differentials, 277, 278
Index
464
on Dymaxion Sky-Ocean Map,
of water, 5
variation determined by
water-people
See
stability
maximum
lows, 3
See
also:
in,
20
Thant, U, 184
Tensegrity
Things:
man
tolerance limits
icosahedron, 209
model
Dartmouth Conference,
at
189-90
No
things, 158
Thinking
by youth, 123
experience engendered, 153
principles, 190
realistic vs unrealistic,
projects, 136
See
See
Always
also: Coexisting:
Synergetics; Tension
&
&
compres-
Mass
interattraction;
Synergetics; Technology
Territoriality,
Test
among American
physical
Landownership
223
testing, xxxviii,
&
in,
Time
21
also:
Rivers of Asia
also:
as frequency, 160
also: Cycles;
Human
limits of
observation
discovery
system of Universe,
of,
softness of, 15
least
volume, 333
plines
8
most surface with
xxxviii, 125 of
See
7,
See
xiii,
individuals,
Tiger, 11
minimum
minimum
human
See
using Geoscope
as
&
of species, 8
as
See
as
know-how; Thought
Indi-
64
also:
&
thinking;
action
Tensile strength, 24
See
47
only;
sion
ans,
also:
62
also: Synergetics;
System: Sys-
Index
465
human organism
interior
&
special-case,
See
249
249
Transportation
as,
exterior,
238
&
Human
&
Land
Machine
Travel
or
tools;
Pneumatic
tools;
aluminum, 201-2
post-World-War-I boom
air,
vehicular, 310
See
84
account-
italism; Mobility;
World resources
inventory
Invisible: In-
with
(dawn-
More
less
by jury, xxxvii
Triangle
69-70
Troy, 69-70
Empire
238-39
socioeconomics, 146
in systems geometry, 7, 8
See also: Ballistics, interior
47
definition of,
Spherical, 164
Trajectory
in ballistics,
soil
belts"
&
Hardwoods; Land
Trends to invisible
See: Ephemeralization;
Greek
194
transport; Metals
See
also:
also: Balance-of-trade
ing; Capitalism;
216-17
131
Trial-and-error
in
sea to
computer-facilitated, 215,
ofRBF,
Trial
See
in
&
exteri-
vital
as
Transformational projection
See: Dymaxion transformational
Transnational, 310
See
also: Integrity;
Learning through
&
tell the, xi
religion
human,
xxxvi-xxxviii
daring to
projection
Transistors, xx, 268
ideologies, 285,
God, xxxvii
as guide to individual
286
business, 218
circuits
Tunability
See: Invisible: Invisibility
Index
466
Tuning-in & tuning-out, 54
See also: Human limits of observation; Invisible reality (dawning of)
Turbine engine, efficiency rating of,
xxiv, 208, 212
Turks, 70
Ultrahigh-voltage
gan,
min D, 9
entific
&
technical
Stockholder
U.S. Department of Housing
331
Urban
333-34
U.S. Post Office Department, 106
U.S. Senate Foreign Relations
national debt
of,
of,
321-22
Supreme Court, 88
path
path public
255-57
Critical
61
Critical
See
collective phase,
relations, 261
as generalized principles, 7
as
vs capitalism;
New
Deal;
"Wealth"-poker game
U.S. Air Force, 175, 179-80
U.S. Board of Economic Warfare, 104,
289-92
U.S. Bureau of Standards, 108, 149
U.S. corporations
De-
lingry"-poker game;
257-
Universe
as dynamic, changing, 129
119
Communism
Com-
mittee, 286
also:
&
Development, 333
U.S. Geological Survey, 185-86
Information access
See
Mor-
Deal; Petroleum
Underdeveloped countries
See: "Third World"
population
New
J. P.;
industry;
also:
"Legally
See
(LAWCAP);
italism
Underground
332, 332
utilities;
minimum
eternally regenerative
Newton, 129
as physical
&
metaphysical, 109
as regenerative, 281
as scenario, 27
as system, 7, 8
direct experience of, 153
complexity of, 7
expanding, ix
micro- & macro-events
mind function
of,
155
in respect to,
27-28
Index
467
mind functions
to conserve,
omni-interrelatedness
pulsings
of,
of,
27-28
abundance of chemical
ments in, 222, 224
structure
ele-
of, 7, 8
also:
also:
Livingry vs killingry;
vs
War gaming
Up & down
120
relative
See
See
World Gaming
47
University of California, 23
54-55
Value-added-by-manufacture, 98
Vase as
219
University of Southern California, 136,
219
236
tacks,
Vector
See: Line; Trajectory
Academic
degrees;
Appendix
College; Education
Union of Soviet
of, 188,
189
also:
bital
of Sciences
engineers
Veering, xxxvii
See
Socialist Republics
(U.S.S.R.)
Academy
See
of,
206
in Iran, 196
305-6
industrialization of, 152
also:
Alcohol (vegetation-pro-
Class-one
evolution; Intercomplementation;
Photosynthesis
Venice, xx, 70
as canal city, 24
of, 76
Water-people
Venus as spherical body, 34
Verkhoyansk, 3
Vertex, 7, 8
Veterans organizations, 26
Victorian Age, 53, 161
See also: Invisible reality (dawning
merchant bankers
See
138
hydroelectric-power program
xxxi,
Catholic Church
University
II;
25
Roman
See:
artifact,
Vatican. See:
also:
of)
Victory Loans, 83
Video
See: Computer;
Communication;
Viking, 73, 74
Vision, 218, 221, 230
See
also:
Courage
Visible
See:
Human
limits of observation;
Invisible: Invisibility
Index
468
Water
Vitamin D, 9-10
See also: Photosynthesis; Skin pigmentation
amount
consumption
Work
al efficiency;
as saltwater tears, 6
Wages
&
fresh
gains
salt,
&
also:
5-6, 12
function of fresh,
only on Earth,
noncompressibility
surface tension
of,
4, 5
158
of,
temperature limits
of,
345
temperatures, in navigation, 29
See
also:
&
Employment: Unemploy-
ment
Wall Street lawyers, 102-8
and widow's interests, 59
outside of New York, 59
See also: Lawyer capitalism
tools;
80
minimum
&
freezing
man
See
343
effectiveness
in 1920s,
of,
known
Structural efficiency
on Earth, 4
of,
Land
World ocean
Hydroelectric power;
sea transport;
Water buffalo, 1
Water cycle, 13
Water recirculation of Fly's Eye dome,
311
Water system
topsoil and,
270-71
Water-people
(LAWCAP)
basketry interweaving
of, 13,
War
of,
and
See
of,
&
U.S.A.); Navies
of, 74
during ice ages, 1
hydraulic technology of, 12, 13
in development of trigonometry,
&
29
inbreeding
of, 8
invent rafts, 13
(U.S.S.R.
14
12
cross-breeding
as obsolete, xxv
causes
29-32
ar-
Warfare
conventional, 117-18
horsemounted, 68
See also: Atomic war; psychological
warfare
Washington, George, 78
Washington University, 323
Wat & gat, as cosmological models, 49
reach Europe, 17
vs land people, 12
kings
Waterpower, xvii
and cotton mills, 323-24
See also: Energy accounting, income; Hydroelectric power
Waterwheel, 249
469
Index
Wave
propagations (spherical), 33
See also: Electromagnetic wave
propagation
Wavepower, xvii, 221
See also: Energy accounting, income
Wealth
and "the Wealthy," 79-80
&
as energy
know-how, 198
as forward days of
life
support, 125,
as land, 80
as
life
advantaging, 125
as
life
European banking
families and, 76
Humans,
as
lionaires; Life
unknowing
bil-
support inadequacy;
One world
family;
World
Weaponry
of,
on
Wind
as world resource, 221
Weaponry industry
94-96
82
II,
101
post-World-War-II, 103
See also: Livingry vs killingry;
World gaming
vs
War gaming
facility,
31-32
reaches Nile, 24
See
also:
bound man
New
York, Dartmouth
Conference, 188
Whale & porpoise
Westchester,
of,
277
topology)
(in
electric
Opening
geodesic
loss of
277
southeast drafts
Windpower
I,
66
skins of, 12
See: Area;
of,
World War
World War
11,
27
See also: "Killingry"-poker game
in
atolls, 5
Window
in
of, 234
"Mr. Swordmaker" and, 62
evolution
of,
of,
338
Windmill, 249
early ballistics, 64
financing
8-9
tween-monsoon easterlies, 17
See also: "Roaring forties"; Trade
winds
Wind-loading, in geodesic dome, 190,
costing, 119
obsolescence
of,
saltwater tears
See
ing;
evolution
Wood
See: Hardwood; Plywood
Wood-log roller as artifact, 50
Wool, 289
Word,
230, 240
See
also:
Communication; Industri-
470
Index
Language; Sentence;
Speech pattern; Tool
alization;
Work
Work, love
Work
of,
224
week, 263-64
See
248
human
anticipatory, 203
Thomas
control
of,
and, 205
energy network grid and,
202, 215
employment and, 223
environment control and, 209-12
ephemeralization and, 203, 204, 216
Geoscope as tool of, 184
human initiative and, 225
income energy sources and, 208
metabolic wealth and, 199, 213, 223
national sovereignty and, 202
news dissemination and, 224
66
map
of, 164
temperature stability of, 5
See also: British Empire; Land &
sea transport; Navigation; Phoenicians; Water; Water-people;
World War I
World power structures
critical
structure;
on corporations, 220
on petroleum, 222
tures
219
of,
206, 219
I,
Human power
struc-
ephemeralization
history of,
symposia
309
vs Obnoxico, 226
windpower and, 208
War
81-82
See also: Behind-the-scenes power
&
11,
electric
seminars
Trusteeship, 136
in,
133
80-84
metals production
in, 99,
283-84
282,
strategies of,
RBF
World War II
Bay of Fundy meeting, 287
economic history of, 100-107, 109
in, 307
284
Normandy landing in, 186-87
observational advantage in, xviii
203,
See
Design science vs
tion;
political revolu-
metals industry
in, 109,
preparation
95-96, 100
for,
radio-triangulation
286
mapping
in,
186,
Index
471
287
of science, xxvii
191
in,
92
in,
280
101, 103
in,
xx
psycho-guerrilla warfaring
of,
232,
235
U.S.S.R.-U.S.A. socio-technological
competition of, 190-93
Vietnam and Korea and, 192
See also: Psychological warfare
World War IV, 117-18, 190-91, 192,
193, 200,
See
also:
getics
military
See
also:
&
game
Writing, 33
at universities
&
colleges, xxxvii,
230-32
can do, xxxviii
to humanity, 232
committed
e. e.
cummings advice
to, xii
planning, xix
in 1989, xix
Youth
234
Atomic war
Wright, Wilber
Word
Buckmin-
Idealism;
New
life
Yurt, 195
model
"Critical
Path
is
a state-of-the-art
Marilyn
summary of human
evolution."
Critical
Path
RBuckminster Fuller
The masterwork of a
mankind.
Today we
race.
brilliant career,
in
century
most
at the very
lifetime's
human
moment
find ourselves in the midst of the greatest crisis in the history of the
this
masterful
summing up
of an entire
in
significant, accessible,
citizens
can
rise to
meet
this ultimate
At the age of
now
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alive.
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half a century.
';
St.
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175
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