SeisImager Instructions rev.

4_08
SeisImager comes in two parts Pickwin95, and Plotrefa. Pickwin95 is the program you
will use to load in the .dat files taken in the field, pick first-breaks (the start time of the
signal from the shot), and store the results.
PickWin Instructions
1) double click on Pickwin95: after a few seconds, a window comes up that says No
waveform data
2) Go to the File menu: SEG2 file: Open a SEG2 file (ends in .dat). These are the
files stored when you saved the files on the seismograph. Fred has edited them as
necessary to be sure they have the correct shot and geophone locations and start
times. You should have these files on a CD.
3) go to the folder containing the data and double click on the file you are interested
in. Use the new data option. The data will appear in the window. Look at it, and
check to see that the shot location and geophones are at the locations you think
they should be in.
4) Go to the File menu again and load the data from the other spread for the same
shot location on the same profile. Use the add data option. You will now see the
complete data set for that shot point as though we had a 24-geophone system
instead of a 12-geophone system.
5) Check and change any bad header information (shot location, geophone location,
etc.) by going to the Edit menu: Show/edit source/receiver locations, etc. A
table of parameters is displayed. Be sure the numbers under Rec. Distance and
Source are the expected values of feet.
6) Hit the OK button when all numbers are correct. The program will return to the
travel time window.
7) If any of the traces have poor data or no data, you can click on the white arrow,
and then on the trace to turn it red and then hit Edit/Select, selected traces,
delete to make it go away. Dont pick bad data.
8) Now pick the first arrivals: Go to the menu: Pick First Arrivals: and click Pick
first arrival time automatically, alternatively, click on the red P in the menu
bar. Vertical red lines appear where the program thinks the signal starts. While its
pretty good, it often takes some fudging.
9) Use the red-over-green UP and Down arrows to the left side of the menu bar at the
top to adjust the trace sizes until you can see why the program picked the arrivals
where it did. Move any pick by just clicking where you think it should be (often
based on the surrounding traces). You can also adjust the distance and time scales
using the red-over-dark blue arrows. Adjust the traces until you can see the traces
well for picking where the signal starts. Its usually best to adjust the trace you are
working on until you can see noise on the trace at times before the signal arrives.
10) Once you are happy with the picks, click on the red star in the menu bar, and a
line will connect all your picks. This is NECESSARY before you do the next step.

11) If youre still happy with the picks, you need to store your results. Menu - File::
and click on Save SEG2 file. Name the file something like KN_N-S1_120,
standing for Kualoa Nancy profile N-S1 shots at 120 feet.
12) Now save your travel times: Menu File:and click on Save first break pick
file. Use the same file name as above, except this will be a .vs file, rather than a
.dat file. Once saved, the data plot and travel times can be re-opened and edited in
PickWin at any time.
13) Before moving on, PRINT your data window with the travel time picks.
14) Now youre ready for the next shot location.
15) Since we have three profiles with shots at 5 locations each, you should have 15
files when finished. This task should take about 3 hours.
DO THIS FOR ALL SHOT LOCATIONS FOR TUESDAY, April 15.
PLEASE let me know if you find errors or other problems with these instructions or
in the data files.
[the next section will be updated next week]
PlotRefa Instructions
Once you have picked all your first breaks and corrected the shot location and
geophone locations, if necessary, you are ready to run the analysis software to
determine the structure under each line.
This is done with PlotRefa, which uses an algorithm called the delay time method
to fit a model to your data.
1) Generate an elevation file for each profile. Generate a text file of your elevations
vs. distance along the line, where the first number is the distance from zero and
the 2nd is the elevation in feet. You should probably change your elevations so
that they are all positive. Only the relative elevations are needed, not the
elevation above sea level.
for example:
5 2.210.0 3.4
20.0 3.6
.
2) start PlotRefa
3) in the file menu, open the travel time pick file (.vs) containing ALL your PickWin
results for one profile. (there should be five files per profile) Looking at the
traveltime curve, you should see the time picks you made in PickWin for each
shot location.
3) in the file menu, read in the elevation file that goes with this line.
4) Use the Time Term Inversion method to generate a model for your data
Use only 2 layers.

a) in the travel time menu, click on connect common source travel time curves.
This will connect data that were shot at different times, but belong on the
same profile.
b) Use the two longest shots (at 0 feet and 245 feet) to calculate traveltime
difference curves to help find the inflection points where rays enter the deeper
layer at the crossover point.
1] in traveltime menu, choose traveltime difference curve
2] choose a shot (245 for example) and a 2nd shot (125 for example)
3] a reasonably flat blue line appears where the curves are shot in the same
direction. Where this curve makes a significant change in slope is where
travel times are beyond the crossover point.
4] Write down these distances for each shot in both directions where
applicable.
c) in the time-term inversion menu, choose assign layer 2 arrivals
d) click on the dot where each gather changes from layer 1 to layer 2 (the crossover distance) as determined above in both directions. The layer 1 arrivals
should turn red and the layer 2 arrivals green.
e) in the Time-term inversion menu, click do time-term inversion
f) go to ray tracing hit execute, to generate rays for the model
g) adjust the scale of the plot to show the velocity model at appropriate scale.
h) go to view menu: show travel time curves: PRINT
show ray paths: PRINT
show time term: PRINT
5) the Reciprocal Method takes a lot of work, and I dont think it improved the model
much at least for my picks. You can try this method if you like, or ignore it.
6) The tomographic method seems to work well.
A) In the tomography menu, choose: generate initial model
B) choose a depth velocities about like what you found above
C) choose inversion
D) choose raytracing: execute
E) plot everything as above. Change parameters as you like and try it again.
Your write-up should include geological evaluations of the models obtained and some
estimate of the validity of the models.
You should also answer the following questions:
1) The velocity of sound in air is about 1083 feet/sec. Is it possible that you chose this
velocity as your direct arrival? If so, it would be extremely unlikely that the true layer
velocity is that of air. What does this imply about the real velocity of the upper layer.
What should you do to get a better estimate of the upper layer velocity?

2) From what you have determined about the history of this region, what do you think is
the origin of the refracting layer?
3) Does the magnetometer data shed any light on what the origin of the fill might be?