cwKv wbq wKQy K_v , BwZnvm evsjv`ki Rb wevbmZ AvaywbK `K wmv

cwKv
gvbemfZvi gweKvki m m mgqi iZ Dcj nZ _vK| wekl Ki KwlmfZvi Dbli
ciB Kvj MYbv Acwinvh nq `Lv `q| Kbbv Kwl FZywbfi| Avgv`i mvgvwRK KgKvjv
Avevi Kwlwbfi| Abw`K agxq AbyvbjvI FZywbfi| FZy mKxq AvMvg c~evfvm
Z_v Kvj MYbv Ges Mn-bi AevbRwbZ fvf Kvj wbYqi KvwbK aviYv KwlwfwK mgvRmswZi A nq `vuovq|
mgqi wnmve ivLZB eo cwimi `iKvi nq cwKvi| cw_exi wewfb `k wbR^ mswZ,
ag, AvPvi f` iqQ wbR^ cwKv ev Kvjvi| evsjv cwKv AvM RvwZwe`vi M
wnme eeZ nZv| wewfb `k wewfb Ai cPjb j Kiv hvq| fviZxq Dcgnv`ki
wewfb Aj wewfb Ai De nq| evsjvq wewfb mgq Avgiv wewfb Ai cPjb j
KiwQ| hgb- gjv, kKv`, jbv, cvjv, bkiZ, kvnx mb, PZbv BZvw` jYxq welq| Gme A
cPjbi cQb ivR-ivRovi bvg RwoZ iqQ| wK ev ev evsjv mb cPjbi cQb hvi Ae`vbB
_vKyK bv Kb, Gi bvgi m mshy iqQ evOvwj RvwZi bvg| myZivs evsjv mb nQ evOvwj
RvwZi GKv wbR^ A| GLb cwKvq eldj, gvmdj, ivwkdj cfwZ welq Afy _vK|
evsjvq cwKv cKvki BwZnvm ek cvPxb| aviYv Kiv nq, iNyb`b c_g cwKv MYbv Kib|
Gici gnvivR KP`i Avgj cwKv MYbv AviI cmvwiZ nq| 1869 wLv cm cwKv
c_g gyw`Z nq| Gici 1890 wLv cwKv msvi Ki gvaeP` Pvcvavqi mv`bvq
cKvwkZ nq we wmv cwKv| 1957 mvj fviZ miKvii Aaxb wewk wevbx gNbv`
mvnvi mfvcwZZ AvbyvwbKfve cwKvi msvi nq Ges GB msvicv cwKv ev we
wmv cwKvB fviZi ivxq cv wnme ^xKZ nq|
cZK cvPxb mfZvq ZvB Kvj MYbv ev cwKvi eenvi j Kiv hvq| evOvwj RvwZ wnme
Avgv`iI GKwU wbR^ cwKv AvQ, hw`I evOvwj mfZvi BwZnvm ZZ mycvPxb bq| evsjv
mb I cwKvi BwZnvm Aek Avjv`v| evsjv mbi ceZb wbq wKQyUv AZv AvQ| GB bvgi
ceZK kkvsK, bv AvKei, bv msm` Zv wbq weZK AvQ| Ze GB cwKvi KvVvgvMZ cwiPq
wbq Kvbv weZK bB| GB cwKv mi cwZi| cvPxb fviZxq e`v RvwZli m~h
wmv AbymZ| gvm I evii bvg, mgqi GKK BZvw` ZviB mv enb Ki| mcwZ
evsjv`k cwKv msvii bvg evsjv cwKvK LwZ Kiv nqQ| cwKv RvwZwevbi
welq| fvlvwe` ev mymvwnwZK`i viv cwKvi msvi me bq| A_P evsjv`k h cwKvmsvi KwgwU MVb Kiv nqwQj Zvi bZZ wQjb GKRb weLvZ fvlvwe`| mLvb Kvbv
wevbx wQjb ej wbwb| cwKvi msvi ejZ GB KwgwU fviZi mvnv KwgwUi gvmi w`b
msLv msv mycvwik MnY Ki Awael Ges el MYbv cwZ MMixq cwKvi m Ryo
w`qQ| cwKvi cKwZMZ Kvbv cwieZb NUwb| dj Avgv`i mgvR-mswZi bvbv
mgmvi mw nqQ| ckvmwbK KvR Avgiv eenvi Kwi MMixq cwKv| agxq KvR
Bmjvg agvej^xiv eenvi Kib Bmjvgx cwKv| wn`y-eiv gb Pjb Avengvb evsjv
cwKv| Zvnj mswZZ GB evsjv cwKvi KvhKwiZv Kv_vq? evsjv cwKv msvii
cqvRbB ev njv Kb? msvii bvg HwZnevnx evsjv cwKvK LwZ Kivi Kvbv AwaKvi
Avgv`i bB| hw` msvi KiZ nq Zvnj Dfq evsjvi h_ D`vMB Zv Kiv mgxPxb ne| GKwU
^vaxb RvwZ wnme Avgiv hw` Avjv`v wbR^ GKwU cwKvi AwaKvix nZ PvB Zvnj evsjv
cwKvK LwZ bv KiB Zv KiZ ne| GKwU myy cwKv wbgvYi cavb weeP welqjv
njv_el i, el MYbv cwZ, gvm I eQii w`b msLv, Awael mshvRb, gvm I evii bvg,
w`bi msv, Mn-bi AvcwK Aevb wbYq BZvw`| el MYbvi avivevwnKZvi Rb GKwU
AiI cqvRb| Gme welq weePbv Ki evsjv`ki Rb wevbmZ Ges evsjv`ki
ewkgwZ GKwU AvaywbK cwKv mnRB wbgvY Kiv me|
h h Kvib `wLq evsjv cwKvi evsjv GKvWgx msvi Kiv nqQ Zv Kb AbywPZ GUvB
GLvb Zyj aiwQ| evsjv cwKv GKgv ZvwiL MbbvB mxgve bq| Gi mv_ wZw_-b-hvM-Kibevi-Aibv`q BZvw`i wnmve RwoZ iqQ| evsjv ZvwiL hnZy m~hi `vwNgv Abymvi
wbYq Kiv nq, ZvB ZvwiL cwieZbi mv_ m~hi `vwNgvskI cwieZb Kiv hywhy ne|
GUv GKgv Aqbvsk kvabB me, evsjv ZvwiL cwieZb bq|
c_g Rb bqv hvK evsjv GKvWgx msvi Gi wKQy ewk:

1. mvaviYfve evsjv elcwi ekvL _K fv` gvm ch cwZgvm 31 w`b Ges Avwkb
_K P gvm ch cwZgvm 30 w`b MY Kiv ne|
2. MMixq elcwi Awael h evsjv eQii dvj&b gvm coe mB evsjv eQiK Awael MY
Kiv ne|
3. Awael dvj&b gvm 31 w`b MY ne|
4. AvRvwZK ixwZ Abyhvqx ivZ 12Uvq ZvwiL cwiewZZ ne|
m~: evsjv mb I cwKvi BwZnvm I msvi, kvgmyvgvb Lvb, gnvcwiPvjK, evsjv GKvWgx,
XvKv, evsjv`k
GLvb Avgv`i `wb-c~e-Gwkqvi (evsjv`k, jvIm, _vBjv, K^vwWqv, bcvj, kxjsKv,
gvqvbgvi I fviZi Avmvg, gwYcyi, wcyiv, Kivjv, DivL, Iwolv Ges Zvwgjbvoy Aj cvq
mgmvgwqK mgq P msvw nq _vK, G wbq ci cv `e) mKj cwKvi mvaviY wbqgK
wemRb `qv nqQ, hgb: m~hv`q w`b ii wbqg| hv nDK Avwg Avgvi hywjv wbg
Dcvcb KiwQ:
1. wnRix ZvwiLi MYbv m~Y P` wbfi, wVK Zgwb Avgv`i evsjv cwKvi ZvwiL m~h
wbfi| hw`b iv 12Uvi ga m~h 0 wWwM `vwNgvsk cek Ki Zvi ciw`bB 1jv ekvL
nq| hw`b iv 12Uvi ga msvw nq Zvi ciw`b gvmi 1g w`b (m~: The Indian calendar: with
tables for the conversion of Hindu and Muhammadan, By Robert Sewell, a kara Blak rrshn a Dkshita, Robert
Gustav Schram cv 12)| GB wbqg ai Avgv`i cPwjZ cwKv cvq 1400 ermi ai Pj AvmQ Zv
nVvr Ki cwieZb Kiv Avgv`i wevwB ay ew KiQ| cwZ ermii C`K hgb
MMwiqvb cwKvi Kvb wbw` ZvwiL ai D`hvcb Kiv hvq bv, wVK ZgbB 1jv ekvLKI
KvbI wbw` ZvwiL ai D`hvcb AmgxPxb|
2. evsjv cwKvi ZvwiL ai evsjv`k, fviZi cwg e, wcyiv, Avmvg I gwYcyii bvbv wn`y
agxq Abyvb D`hvwcZ nq AvmQ hv ay cnjv ekvL D`hvcb mxgve bq| evsjv`ki
msviwU aygv cnjv ekvL D`hvcb KvR Avm Avi Kv_vI eeZ nq, Zv `Lv hvqwb| evsjv
cwKv wbfi AviI KqwU agxq Abyvb: ekvL gvmi c_g w`b eemvqxiv nvjLvZv I MYk
c~Rv Ki _vKb, fv` gvmi kl w`b kxkxwekKgv c~Rv, KvwK gvmi kl w`b
kxkxKvwK c~Rv, I P gvmi kl w`b PoK c~Rv BZvw`|
Gevi Avwm cv-KwgwUZ ay cwKv wekl Ges RvwZwevbxiv wQjb bv, W. wewf
igY bvg GK RvwZlx Ges e cwKvKviI wQjb| Zv`i myweewPZ Ges mywPwZ
wmv njv The year shall start with the month of vaishkha when the sun enters nirayana mesarasi, which
will be 14th April of the Gregorian calendar| GB gZwU evsjv cwKvKviiv RvbZb bv Zv bq wK
MnbhvM nqwb Kb, Avwg Zv D`vniY mnKvi ejwQt
1| 2011 mvj 14B Gwcj m~h gl ivwkZ cek Ki `ycyi 3Uv 20-25 wgwbUi ga| GB
mgqi ci ekvL (gl cew) i nq Zvi AvM bq| 1wU w`bi AaKUv P gvmi kl w`b
evwK AaKUv 1jv ekvL Zv hywmsMZ gb nq bv ejB m ermi, 1418 ev 15B Gwcj i
nqwQj|
2| G ermi, 13B Gwcj 2012 m~h gl ivwkZ cek Ki iv 10Uv 30-35 wgwbUi ga ZvB
14B Gwcj, 1jv ekvL 1419 i nq|
3| AvMvgx 15B Gwcj 2014 Lxv 1jv ekvL 1421 ev i ne, Kbbv m~h gl ivwkZ
cek Kie 14 Gwcj 2014 Lxv mKvj 10:00:00Uv mgq|
evsjv cwKv AevwbK ejvi Pq Zvi wfZii MwYZi Abymvb kqt
1| MvwbwZK fve `Lvbv hvq h 2014 Lxvi 15B Gwcj, wKfve 1jv ekvL nq| evsjv
cwKv Mbbvi 0 cqU (m~h gl ivwkZ cek KiwQj Zvi Rywjqvb W) JD =

1938094.483733333 (594 March 19 23:36:34.3 BDT Friday), hnZy 20k gvP 594 Lxv evsjv 1jv
ekvL 1 ev wQj| (Avgvi wewfb wbe Avwg Zvi cgvb w`qwQ )
K) 1421 evi ii wVK AvMi w`b wQj 1420 ev ZvK evsjv 1 ermii gvb: 365.258756481482
(myh wmv gZ) viv b Kib
1420 X 365.258756481482 = 518667.4342
L) D YdjK evsjv cwKv Mbbvi 0 cqU gvbi mv_ hvM Kib
1938094.483733333 + 518667.4342 = 2456761.918 (Rywjqvb W)
M) D Rywjqvb W-K MMwiqvb ZvwiL icvi Kij `vuovq 2014 April 14 10:01:55.2 BDT Monday
hv m~hi gl ivwkZ cek Kvji mgvb mgq ne, Zv nj 15 Gwcj 2014 Lxv ZvwiL, 1
ekvL 1421 ev gjevi ne|
2) Gevi 21 deyqvix 1552 Lxv evsjv KZ ZvwiL wQj Zv ei Kwi? G w`bi JD = 2434063.75
K) 2434063.75 _K evsjv cwKv Mbbvi 0 cqU JD = 1938094.483733333 weqvM Kib
2434063.75 - 1938094.483733333 = 495969.26626667
L) Dcii weqvM djK 365.258756481482 (evsjv 1 ermii gvb) viv fvM Kib
495969.2663/365.258756481482 = 1357.85729285265
M) fvM dji c~Y msLvi mv_ 1 hvM Kib
1357 + 1 = 1358 ev
N) 1bs D`vnibi gZ
1357 X 365.258756481482 + 1938094.483733333
= 2433750.6162787 (m~hi gl ivwkZ cek Kvj)
= 1951 April 14 02:47:25.7 BDT Saturday MMwiqvb ZvwiL
Zv nj H evsjv ermi 1jv ekvL 1358 ev wQj 15 Gwcj iweevi 1951 Bs|
O) 20 dt 1951 15 Gwcj 1952 = 311 w`b weMZ
P) PvUt 0, 30.92569444, 62.63289352, 94.00184028, 125.4761458, 156.4885417, 186.9247338, 216.8066667,
246.3155787, 275.6427546, 305.0935301, 334.9103588
(gvm ii c_g w`b cZ nj Zvi AvMi w`b msvw KLb Zv RvbZ ne| G Rb m~hi gl
ivwkZ cek Kvj JD-i mv_ GB PvUi GKwU bv^vi gvm Abymvi hvM KiZ ne| c_g 0 =
ekvL, 30.92569444 = R, ........................ 334.9103588 =P ai)
Q) Dcii PvU _K `Lv hvq 311 msLvwU 305.0935301 _K ekx A_vr dvj&b gvm i nq
wKQy w`b MZ nqQ|
Gevi N) bs _K cv 2433750.6162787 Gi mv_
2434055.7098088 GwU Ky msvwi Rywjqvb W|

305.0935301

hvM

Kib

R) D Rywjqvb-W K MMwiqv ZvwiL icvi Kij `vuovq 1952 February 13 05:02:06.7 BDT
Wednesday hwU gvN gvmi kl w`b| Zv nj 14 deyqvix 1952 Lxv, 1jv dvj&b 1358 ev
enwZevi ne| 14 ZvwiL _K 21 ZvwiL (21-14+1=8) ch 8 w`b|

Zvnj 21 deyqvix 1552 Lxv = 8 dvj&b 1358 ev enwZevi|

wet `t 1. Rywjqvb W K MMwiqv ZvwiL icvi Kivi Rb wbgi m~wU eenvi KiZ
cvib:
jd = day + (153m + 2)/5 + 365y + y/4 - y/100 + y/400 - 32045 + (hour-12)/24 + minute/1440 + second/86400
m~: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_day
2. GB MvwbwZK cwZwU evsjv cwKv cvV Ki Dvi KiwQ, Ges Zv fviZ I evsjv`k _K
cKvwkZ cwKv mgyni mv_ wgwjq mZZv hvPvB KiwQ, Ges GB cwZ m~hwmv
cwZ mg_b Ki |
AveviI ejwQ exq Aji wn`yiv mKj msvw (m~hi ivwk cek Kvj) evsjv ZvwiL
Abymvi cvjb Ki _vK, mLvb 1jv ekvL wbw` Ki w`jB wn`yiv cPwjZ cwKv ev`
w`q bZyb cwKv Mnb KiZ cvie ej gb KivUv Pvwcq `qv Qvov wKQyB bq| hvnDK wKQy
msvw (m~hi `vwNgv Abymvi MwbZ cwKv Abymvi) cvjbi D`vnib w`wQ, hgbt
P/we/we msvwZ (1jv ekvLi AvMi w`b)PoK c~Rv I we/we Drme, Kbv msvw
Z (1jv Avwkbi AvMi w`b) wekKgv c~Rv, ewK msvwZ (1jv AMnvqbi AvMi
w`b) KvwK c~Rv, gKi/cl msvw (1jv gvNi AvMi w`b), Ges Ky msvwZ (1jv
dvj&bi AvMi w`b) fviZi weLvZ Ky gjv|
Abw`K Avi Avi mKj c~Rv cveb evi-wZw_-b hvM cvjb Kiv nq, KqKwU cei D`vnibt
1| Pv` P 7 ZvwiL A_vr P` P gvmi K mwg wZw_Z kxkxevmw`exi mgx
wewnZ c~Rv
2| Pv` ekvL 15 ZvwiL/wZw_Z kxKyg Rqx,
c~wYgv, kxey c~wYgv (fMevb eyi Avwefve wZw_)

kxgvaex-c~wYgv/ekvLx

3| Pv` R 15 ZvwiL/wZw_Z kxkxRMbv_ cfyi mvb hvv I A^yevPx i

4| Pv` Avlvp 2 ZvwiL/wZw_Z kxkxRMbv_ cfyi i_ hvv/kx^ic `vgv`i Mv^vwgi
wZivavb
5| Pv` Avlvp 8 ZvwiL/wZw_Z wcywi`i LvPx c~Rv
6| Pv` kveY 23 ZvwiL A_vr Pv` kveY gvmi K Agx wZw_Z fMevb kxKi
Rbvgx
7| Pv` fv` 30 ZvwiL A_vr Pv` fv` gvmi Agvekv wZw_Z gnvjqv I wcZc mgv
8| Pv` Avwkb 8 ZvwiL A_vr Pv` Avwkb gvmi K Agx wZw_Z `~Mvgx/gnv Agx
9| Pv` KvwK 15 ZvwiL A_vr Pv` KvwK gvmi K c~wYgv wZw_Z gwYcyix`i
cavb Drme c~wYgv ivm/kxkxivm hvv, BZvw`|
Pvu`i Dci wbfi Ki, cwZ ermi wewfb mgq (KLbI kxZ, KLbIev Mx) C` D`hvcb hw`
wevbi Kvb Avcw bv _vK, wn`y`i `~Mvc~Rvq Avcw Kb? 1jv ekvL cvjb ewZZ
evsjv cwKv evsjv`ki 80 fvM gvbyl eenvi Kibv, wK wn`y`i (20 fvMi) wbZw`bi mx|
Avgv`i GLb eva nq 2wU ZvwiLi (evsjv cwKv I evsjv GKvWwg cwKv) wnmve ivLZ nq|
KLbI wgj, KLbI wgj bv AviI KqK ermi ci GKeviB wgjebv |
1576 wLv evsjv`k (mye evsjv) gyNj mvgvRi kvmbfy nq| ZLb LvRbv Av`vqi
myweav_ wnRwi mbi cwieZ FZywfwK mimbi cqvRbxqZv Dcjw Ki ZLbKvi
cPwjZ wnRwi mbK 'dmwj mb' wnme Pvjy Kivi gvag eZgvb evsjv mb evi Rb nq|
mb kwU Aviwe _K AvMZ, A_-el, elcyw-eQii w`bYi weeiY| mgvU AvKeii (15561609) wb`k Ges we ivRRvwZlx I cwZ Avgxi dZn Djvn wmivRxi MelYvi dj evsjv

mbi Drcw| evsjv mb evsjv`ki gvbyli wbR^ mb| Gi Drcw I weKvki BwZnvm mgyj| G
mbi m Rwoq iqQ Avgv`i HwZnMZ AveM| evsjv mb evOvwji HwZn ciivq iqQ|
Kvjvi kwU jvwUb fvlv _K BsiwR I Abvb fvlv wbqQ| Gi eyZ&cwMZ A_ wnmvei
eB| Avi AvjgvbvK kwU, aviYv Kiv nq Aviwe fvlv _K GmQ| GB AvjgvbvK Avi evsjv cwKv
GKB aibi| wgkii h cwKvi K_v AvM ejwQ Zv wQj GB AvjgvbvK| GB AvjgvbvK bvMwiK
gvbyl I MvgxY Rbc`i evwm`v`i `bw`b cqvRbi wewfb Z_ Ges bvbv ag I DZ&me
msv weeiY Ges eemv-evwYR Ges hvMvhvM I hvZvqvZ msv msev` gyw`Z ev
jLv _vK| wgki I BDivci ivg Rywjqvb Kvjvi Pvjy Kib Rywjqvm wmRvi| ci mvay MMi
Zvui cieZxKvji RMwLvZ MMwiqvb Kvjvi cKvk Kib| DbZgvbi GB cwKv GLb
wekevcx Pvjy iqQ| Avgv`i `kI Gi evcK cPjb| AvgjvK GK 'BsiwR cwKv' ev 'BsiwR
eQii cwKv' ej _vK| KD KD GK wLxq cwKvI ejb| `ywU K_vB fyj| KviY, GB cwKv D
~Z nqQ ivg| ivgi gvbyl ivgvb Kv_wjK| Avi BsiRiv wLagi Ab kvLv cUvU
agvej^x| `yBqi mK wQj mvc-bDj| ZvB BsiRiv NYv Ki Ges Zv`i wei bZyb
Pv Ki 170 eQi ch G cwKv MnY Kiwb| ci Av`k kZKi gvSvgvwS mgq
cUvU AvBb cvm Ki Bsjv G cwKv MnxZ nq| G cwKv Avmj ivgvb cwKv hv
Rywjqvb Ges GLb MMwiqvb Kvjvi wnmve weZ&mgvR cwiwPZ|
evsjv cwKv c~e RvwZwe`vi M wnmve eeZ nZv| aviYv Kiv nq iNyb`b c_g
cwKv MYbv Kib| Gi ci gnvivR KP`i Avgj cwKv MYbv Aviv cmvwiZ nq| 1869
wLv cm cwKv c_g gyw`Z nq| Gici 1890 wLv cwKv msvi Ki gvaeP`
Pvcvavqi mv`bvq cKvwkZ nq we wmv cwKv| 1957 mvj fviZ miKvii Aaxb
wewk wevbx gNbv` mvnvi mfvcwZZ AvbyvwbKfve cwKvi msvi nq Ges GB
msvicv cwKv ev we wmv cwKvB fviZi ivxq cv wnme ^xKZ nq|
becYxZ cwKv
Ebwesk kZvxZ evsjv fvlvq cKvwkZ mKj cwKvB cvPxb RvwZwevb welqK M
m~hwmvi Dci wfw Ki wbwgZ nZv| wK m~hwmvi wKQy ywUi KviY
mB M Abymvi wbYxZ wZw_, b, BZvw`i mgqi mv_ gnvKvk NwUZ cKZ wZw_
bi mgqi wKQy cv_Ki mw nwQj| ZLb MwYZ gvaeP` Pvcvavq m~hwmv
i msvi NwUq GKwU m~Y wevbmZ cwKv wbgvYi D`vM MnY Kib| GiB
djkywZZ 1890 mvj cKvwkZ nq we wmv cwKv|
1952 mvj fviZ miKvii D`vM MwVZ cwKv msvi KwgwU (Calendar Reform Committee)
fviZxq cwKvwjZ msvimvab Ki h bZyb ivxq cv cYqb Ki mB cwKvi
wevbwfwK MYbvi mv_ we wmv cwKvi MYbv m~Y GK| Dfq cwKvZB wbfyj
fve wZw_, b, BZvw` wbYq Kiv nq _vK| wewfb cwZvb GB cwKvK ^xKwZ
c`vb Ki GwU MnY KiQ| ivgK gV I wgkbi mKj kvLv, AbyK~jP` VvKyii mrm Avkg,
ZviKki gw`i, Kvx gV, BZvw` cwZvbi mg Abyvb we wmv cwKv Abymvi
cvwjZ nq|
mnhvMx elcw
ev MwYZ nq wn`y mi cwKvbymvi, hwU Avevi m~h wmvi Dci wbfikxj| wn`y
mi cw i nq ga Gwcj| evsjv`ki (evsjv`k mskvwaZ evvbymvi beel cvwjZ nh)
evBi cwg e, Avmvg, Kij,gwYcyi, bcvj, IWwkv, cvve, ZvwgjbvWy Ges wcyivq GB
elcwi c_g w`bKB bZyb eli i wnme D`& hvcb Kiv nq| beel Avevi gl msvw
wnmeI cwiwPZ|
evsjv cwKv wbq wKQy K_v
e`k cwKvi m~Pbv Av`k kZK| wn`y`i gaB c~Rv-cveY wZw_ b `Lv Ges weevneemv-evwYR, Kv_vI hZ nj cwKvq fvf jM ev w`bYi fvjv-g` `Lvi cqvRbxqZv
_K cwKvi cqvRb Abyf~Z nq| wK Qvcvbv cwKvi hyM ZLbv i nqwb| Ze `e ev
RvwZlxiv wZw_-b `L mvsKwZK fvlvq m~vKvi Mn-bi D`q I mvii weeiY Ges Zvi

cfve fvf, fhvv Ges fvM I cwiYvg dj wbaviK nvZ jLv QvU QvU cyuw_ Zwi KiZb|
Gme cyuw_ mnRjf wQj bv Avi mnRjf njI Gi mvsKwZK fvlv I m~i `yqZvi KviY mvaviY
gvbyl G cwKvi A_ Dvi KiZ cviZ bv| cwZeQii m~Pbvq `e-cwKvKvi`i ek igigv
eemv nZv| GB `e eemvqxiv wQj evYZe mevP kwYi bb| Zv bv njI jvKPwi
mK G`i ek aviYv wQj| G`i wKQy mvnbx kwI wQj| dj Giv cwKvi eemvUv ek
PywUqB KiZ _vK| jvjmvjy Kvco eua cwKvi nvZ jLv eB nvZ wbq Giv Nyi Nyi Zv`i
eemv PvjvZ| A_vZ& wewfb evwoZ hq cwKvq wjwLZ Mn-bi Aevb Ges Zvi djvdj
Zv`i gj`i eywSq w`Z| AtcyiI Zv`i Aeva hvZvqvZ I wekl LvwZi wQj| gwnjviv
wPwm nq cwKvi weeiY kvfi Rb eyS wbZb| Ggb h nvoKb gwnjv ZvivI
wmwP cwKvKviK Dg Avnvi I Rj Lvevi Avcvqb Ki cwKvq ewYZ bvbv `yq
inm Rb wbZb|
hv nvK, cvPxb KwlmfZvi `k wgkiB c_g cwKv msKwjZ nq cvq wZb nvRvi eQi AvM|
wewUk wgDwRqvg GiKg GKwU cvPxb cwKv msiwZ AvQ| GB cwKvwU ek cwic~Y|
GZ AvMi cwKv njI GZ jvj I Kvjv KvwjZ f-Af Ges agxq AvPvi-Abyvbi w`b Y I jM
BZvw` DjL AvQ| cvPxb wgki RvwZwevbi AMMwZ Ges bxjb`i Rj KwlmfZvi
weKvki dj cwKvi cqvRbxqZv `Lv `q| DjL h, cvPxb wgkixq RvwZwevbxiv
cwKvi mgq wbaviY eov aibi mvdji cwiPq `b|
wZb.
BDivc c_g cwKv Qvcv nq 1457 mvj| Avi Bsjv c_g gyw`Z cwKvi nw`m gj 1497G| BsiRiv G`k `Lj Kivi ci _K G`k ZLb nvZ jLv cwKvi hyM PjQ| Gme nvZ jLv cwKvi
ga Avevi mvgmi Afve wQj| dj Zv`i kvmbKvR weN&b mw nq| ZvB miKvii Abyiva
b`xqvi ivRv KP` cwZ`i mfvq cwKvi Rb GKwU memZ wewa wi Ki `b| GfveB
cwKv msKjb i nq| b`xqvq ZLbKvi mek cwZ ivgP` we`vwbwa IB wewa AbymiY Ki
cwKv msKjb Ki vbxq beve, mvgcfy I wewk ew`i ga weZiY Kib| ivRv KP`
cwKv msKjbi cavb ccvlK wQjb ej cwKvi bvgc jLv _vKZ, 'gnvivR KP`i
AbygZvbymvi dwjZ|' m mgq cwKvi (nvZ jLv) `vg wQj `y'Avbv _K GK UvKv| mKvji
cwicwZ GK UvKvi AbK `vg| Avi `vgi GZUv dvivK Kb m ck DVZ cvi|
evsjvq hvK Avgiv cwKv ewj, evsjvi evBi Zv 'cv' Awfavq wPwZ| msZ bvgi GB
'cv' cvPxb welq Afy nZv| h_v : evi, wZw_, b hvM I KiY| Avgiv cv bvg njI GZ
wecyjZv, ewPZ I evw Zgb `Lv hvq bv| evsjv cwKv m Zyjbvq XvDm| Avmj evsjv
cwKvi bvg cv njI hb wVK nZv| evsjv gyw`Z cwKv c_g cKvwkZ nq 1818 wLv|
Gi cvmsLv wQj 135| GwU cKvk Kib kx ivgnwi bvgi RbK cwKv cwgK| Avi
AvjgvbvKagx cwKv cKvwkZ nq 1825 wLv| GZ e Z_, wevcb, mb-m~wP BZvw`
mshvwRZ nq| eZgvb cKvwkZ cg WvBiKUix cwKv cKvwkZ nq 1276 mb| evsjv
1299 mb cKvwkZ nq enZ& gymjgvb cwKv| GB cwKv msKjb Kib gvnv` iqvRDxb
Avng`| 1314 mb GB cwKvi cvmsLv wQj 272|
Pvi.
mgvU AvKei Zvui mfv-RvwZwevbx dZnDjvn wmivRxi gvag fviZxq mb I cwKvi
msvi Kib| wnRwi I fviZxq kKvi mg^q evsjv mb ZvuiB cqvmi dj ej Kvbv Kvbv
cwZ gb Kib| 1950-Gi `kK wevbx gNbv` mvnvi bZZ kKv mbi msvi Kiv nq| 1960Gi `kK W. gyn` knx`yjvni bZZ evsjv cwKvi msvi mvab Kiv nq| knx`yjvni msvi
wKQy Ac~YZv wQj| 1994-95 mvj evsjv GKvWwgi GKwU Uvdvm AveviI msvi Ki GB
cwKv| mB cwKvB GLb evsjv`k Pvjy iqQ| Uvdvmi GB msvi MMixq Kvjvii
14B Gwcj cwZeQi 1jv ekvL ne| DjL h, fviZxq weklivI GKB wmv wbqQb|
GiKg wmv mI h cwge Zv KvhKi nqwb, Zvi KviY cwgei cvuPwU cwKv
cKvkK`i wmwKUi Rb| G`i KvQ mLvbKvi miKvi bwZ ^xKvi KiZ eva nqQ|
m~hwmv ebvg `Kwmv `yBcwKvq gZf` Kx KviY nq GB gZcv_K?

weivaUv cvq `o nvRvi eQii cyibv m~h ebvg `K A_vZ& mB weiva wbq AvRI
wev `kevmx wewfb& cwKvq MYbvi cwZB ev Kx?
wcGg evMPxi KYavi Rq
evMPx Rvbvb, Bwqvb cwRkbvj Avvbwg mvi' evOjv, wnw`, BsivwR, msZ, D`y,
Amwgqv, RivwZ, Kb&o, gvjqvjg, cvvwe, Zvwgj, Zjy-mn `ki AZ 14wU AvwjK fvlvi
cwKv cm&ZKviK msm&nvK RvwZwevb wbq wevwiZ Z_ cvVvq m~hv`q,
m~hv, P`v`q, P`v, m~h, P` I wewfb& Mni Aem&nvb, DjZg b-mn
cvq 600 cvi mB wekvjvKvi Z_fvvi _vK RvwZwevbi wewfb& LyuwUbvwU welq
cwKv eibviAZ eQiLvbK AvM msm&nvwji nvZ cuQ hvq GB wevwiZ Z_
Bwqvb cwRkbvj Avvbwg mvi'-Gi `Iqv GB Z_wjK m^j KiB cwKv `dZi wbhy
GK ev GKvwaK cwZgkvBiv MYbvi Ki `b GB cwZiv RvwZwevb I MwYZ cej vbx
nb ZvuivB Dcii Z_i Dci wfw Ki m~h-P`i Aem&nvb wbq wevwiZ evLv Kib
eYxgvae kxj cwKvi KYavi gvnb kxj Rvbvb, kx m~hwmv' Abymvi MYbv Kiv nq
Zvu`i cm I wcGg evMPxi cwKvI MYbv nq GKB gZvbymvi Abw`K, fviZ miKvii
ivxq cv I we wmv `K wmv' Abyhvqx Zv`i MYbv Ki dj memgqB kx
m~hwmv' I `K wmv' -i ga GKUv gZcv_K iqB hvq
AbKi aviYv, m~h wmv cvq cvPxbZg nIqvq Zvi ga AbK fyjvw iqQ Zvi
Zyjbvq eis AbK AvaywbK `K wmv dj mwU AbK ewk wbfihvM I wevbmZ
mvaviYZ Ke Kvb wZw_ coj mB wbq KviI gv_ve_v _vK bv mgmv nq eo eo DZ&me
cvjbi GeviB hgb, , kxj I evMPx Abyhvqx begx-`kgx GKB w`b Avevi we wmv
Abyhvqx begx-`kgx Avjv`v w`b ejyogV hnZy we wmv gb Pj ZvB mLvbI begx`kgx Avjv`v w`bB cyRv ne ejyogVi ^vgxwR fKivb` gnvivR Rvbvjb, "1983 mvjI `ywU
cwKvi ga cv_K _vKvq ejyogV `yMvcyRv nqwQj m^i gvm I Abvb RvqMvq
cyRv nqwQj Avei gvm "
KDB Zv`i wbR^, cPwjZ gZ _K mi AvmZ ivwR bq dj, me cwKviB m~i K` GK njI
m~hwmv' I `K wmvi' ga cv_K _vKvq GKKwU cwKvq GKK iKg gZ
_vK
gZ cv_K hZB _vKyK, 2014 mvj GmI wK mevwaK wexZ evsjv eB GB cwKvB
1584 wLv gyMj mgvU AvKei evsjv mbi ceZb Kib ej ewkifvM cwZ gb Kib| H
mgq e kK elcw eeZ nZv, hvi c_g gvm wQj P| evsjv elcw c_g ZvwiL-BGjvnx ev dmwj mb bvg cwiwPZ wQj| 1584 mvji 10 ev 11 gvP ZvwiL GwU ev
bvg cPwjZ nq| G bZyb mvjwU mgvU AvKeii ivRZi 29Zg el cewZZ njI Zv MYbv Kiv
nq 1556 wLvi 5 bf^i _K| mgvU AvKei 963 wnRix, 10 iweDj AvDqvj, ivR evi, 1479
kvKv, 1614 wegvmvZ, Ges BsiwR 1556 mvji 14 deyqvwi ZvwiL w`jxi wmsnvmb
AvivnY KiwQjb| GKB eQi, A_vr 1556 wLvi 5 bf^i, Ges 964 wnRwii 1 gyniig ZvwiL
gv 13 eQi eqm mgvU ngP` wegvw`ZK 2q cvwbc_i hy civwRZ Kib| cvwbc_i
hy mgvU AvKeii weRqK gwngvw^Z Ki ivLevi Rb, Ges AwaKZi cwZMZ Dcvq ivR^
Av`vqi Dk G evsjv mbi ceZb Kiv nqwQj| mgvU h gvm wmsnvmb AivnY Kib, Zvi
wbKUZg wnRwi eQii 1g gvmK wfw aiv nq| 963 wnRwii 1 gniig wQj wbKUZg| H eQi kKvi 1
ekvL Ges wnRwii 1 gniig GKB w`b GmwQj| ekvL njv kKvi 2q gvm, P 1g gvm|
963 wnRwii 1 gniigK evsjv 963 mbi 1 ekvL cwiwPwZ Ki evsjv mb i Kiv nq| A_vr 1, 2,
3 - Gfve wnme bv Ki g~j wnRwi mbi PjwZ eQi _KB evsjv mbi MYbv i nq| dj Rb
eQiB evsjv mb 963 ermi eqm wbq hvv i Ki| DjL, wnRwi mbi I GKB aibi NUbv
NUwQj| gnvbex (mv.) ^qs AvbyvwbKfve wnRwi mb Pvjy Kib wb| GwU ceZb Kib
Bmjvgi wZxq Lwjdv nhiZ Igi web Lvve (iv.) 638 wLv| wnRwi mbi h iKg wnRiZi
w`b I gvm (12 iweDj AvDqvj) mywbw`fve Aej^b bv Ki aygv mvjwUKB (622 wLv)
msiY Kiv nq, evsjv mbi I Zgwb mgvU AvKeii ivRvwflKi w`b I gvm (14Bs
deyqvwi) Aej^b bv Ki aygv ermiwU (963 wnRwi) msiwZ nq| wnRwi mbi c_g w`b njv
cnjv gniig| evsjv mb Zv cwieZb Ki cnjv ekvL Kiv nq|
963 wnRwii 1 gniig ZvwiL wQj 963 evsjv mbi 1 ekvL| wK, AvR njv 1418 evsjv mbi 1jv
ekvL, h wnme evsjv mb ceZbi eqm 1418 - 963=455 eQi| A_P, eZgvb wnRwi 1432

mbi wnme 1432-963=469 eQi cvi nq MQ evsjv mb ceZbi ZvwiL _K| 469 - 455=14
eQii ZviZg Kb njv? Kv_vq Mjv GB 14 eQi?
Lye mij wnmve| wnRwi mb Pv`eQi 354 ev 355 w`b nq, evsjv mb 365 w`b wnmve Mvbv
nq| Zvnj evsjv mb ceZbi 455 K 365 w`q Y Kij `vuovq, 455x365=166075 w`b| Gevi
GUvK wnRwi eQi KbfvU Kib 354 w`q fvM Ki; 166075354=469 eQi| 469 eQiK 963 mbi
mv_ hvM Kij Avcwb eZgvb wnRwi mb 1432 cq hvQb|
963 wnRwi mb, A_vr 963 evsjv mb 1556 wLxq mb wQj| 1556 963= 593| cv_K 593
eQii| GLb 2012 wLxq Ges AvR 1419 evsjv mb| 2012 1419=593| A_vr GLbv wLxq Ges
evsjv mbi ga cv_K 593 eQi| c~e BsiwR mbi gZv evsjv mb Kvbv wjc-Bqvi wQj
bv| 1966 mvji 17 deyqvwi ZvwiL evsjv GKvWgxi Zveavb W. gyn` knx`yjvni bZ
Z GKwU ev msvi KwgwU MwVZ nq| D KwgwU Pvi eQi cici P gvm 30 w`bi cwieZ
31 w`b MYbv Kivi civgk `q|
cwKv
cwKv eQii cwZw`bi ZvwiL, wZw_, fvf Y, jM, hvM, ivwkdj, wewfb cew`b BZvw`
msewjZ M| GK cx ev cvuwRI ejv nq| cvPxb msZ mvwnZ GK ejv nqQ cv|
fviZi Abvb AjI GwU GB bvg cwiwPZ| Gi KviY GZ evi, wZw_, b, hvM I KiY cavbZ GB
cvuPwU A _vK| evsjvq Aek GwU cwKv bvgB mycwiwPZ|
mfZv weKvki i _KB mgvRmPZb ew`i wPv-PZbvq KvjwefvMi aviYvwU Avm|
cqvRbi ZvwM` ZLb wewfb `k wewfb Dcvq eQi, gvm, w`b I ZvwiL MYbvi Kkj
AvweZ nq| Kvjg mvaviY gvbyli `bw`b cqvRbi cvkvcvwk c~Rv-cveYi mgqwbicYI cwKv cYqbi AbZg j nq `vuWvq|
KvjwbicY wewfb `k wfbiKg cwZ een~Z nqQ| ew`K hyMi Fwliv wewfb FZyZ
bvbviKg c~Rv-cveY KiZb| m KviY Zvuiv wekl FZywefvMi cqvRbxqZv Zxefve Abyfe
Kib| Gme DkK mvgb iL Zvuiv FZywfwK eQi wnme Ki eQiK DivqY I `wYvqb GB
`yfvM fvM KiZb| m~h Diw`K AvMgb Kiv _K DivqY Ges `wYw`K hvv Kiv _K
`wYvqb MYbxq nZv| cvPxb gbxwlMY eQiK eviv fvM wef Kib, hgb: Zct, Zcmv, gay,
gvae, , wP, bfm&, bfm, Bl, ER, mnm& I mnm| Zct _K wP ch DivqY Ges bfm&
_K mnm ch `wYvqb| Abygvb Kiv nq h, Gic mgqwefvM hRye`i Kvj (1500
wLc~ev) cPwjZ wQj| wZw_i cPjb nq AbK ci| ay mB mgqKvj c~wYgv, Agvemv
I AKv een~Z nZv| KwKv b _K MYbv Ki 27wU ev 28wU b f-PK wef Kiv nZv|
GUvB GZ`ji cwKv MYbvi Avw`ic| ew`K mvwnZ dvj&bx c~wYgvi DjL cvIqv hvq|
GZ AbywgZ nq h, ZLb Pv`gvm MYbvi cPjb wQj, hv c~wYgv gvm bvg cwiwPZ|
mgqi weeZb Ges gvbyli cqvRb AwaKZi wevbmZ cwZZ cwKv cewZZ nq|
1000 wLc~evi KvQvKvwQ G RvZxq cwKvq eQi Avi nZv DivqY w`em _K Ges
ZvZ 12wU Pv`gvm een~Z nZv| GB cwKvq 30wU wZw_ Ges 27wU b MYbvi wbqg wQj|
ZLb cwZ cvuP eQi GKwU hyM MYbv Kiv nZv Ges GK hyM cici GB cwKv MYbvi cwZ
AvewZZ nZv| IB mgq m~vwZm~ wZ_ cfwZ Kvj MYbvi cwZ AvweZ nqwb|
gv gaggvb cwZw`b GK wZw_ GK b GB wnme wZ_vw` wbYq Kiv nZv Ges gvS
gvS GK-GKwU wZw_ wnmve _K ev` `Iqv nZv| celvZK hyM eZxZ Kvb A MYbvi
c_v ZLbI cewZZ nqwb| `W nvRvi eQi ai Kvj MYbv I c~Rv-cveYi mgq wbicYi KvR
Gic e`vRvwZl cwKv LyeB mgv`Z wQj|
cwKvi DbwZ mvabi Rb mswk ewiv MelYv PvjvZ _vKb Ges wLxq 4_ ev 5g kZK
Zvuiv m~ MYbvi Kkj Avq Kib| Gme welq hvuiv AMYx f~wgKv cvjb Kib Zvuiv njb
Avhf, eivnwgwni, e cgyL| Zvuiv cwKvi MYbvK RvwZwe`vi wfwZ cwZwZ
Kib Ges wZ_vw`i m~ Kvj MYbvi m~vw` viv `wbK Mn-bi Aevb, jM, Y, wZw_
cfwZi c~wZKvj cwKvi ga cwiekbi eev Kib| GZ cqvRbxq Z_vw` mnRB
cwKv _K cvIqv hZ| G m~hwmv RvwZwe`vi GKLvwb ^qsm~Y I
g~jevb M| GwUK AvaywbK cwKvi RbK ejv hvq| ci m~hwmvi wfwZB cwKvi

mewKQy MYbv Kiv nZv| cwKvi ga ZLb vb cZ evi, wZw_, b, hvM I KiYhy cwZw`bi
cv Ges Zv ZvjcvZvq wjwce Ki MYKVvKyi ev evYiv eQii cvi Mvg-M wMq
gvbyl`iK AewnZ KiZb ev RbMYi myweav_ iZc~Y vb Gi Abywjwc msiY KiZb|
Gmei wfwZ c~Rv-cveYvw` ev agKZ mvabi KvjI wbYq Kiv nZv|

1406 evi 4 kveY (19 RyjvB, 1999) ZvwiLi jvKbv_ WvBiix cwKv _K cvi
wjLbcwZ DZ Kiv njv:
GLvb c_g Ici _K wbPi w`Ki msLvwj h_vg evi, wZw_, `s (`), cj I wecj wb`k
Ki| G wnme 2 A_ mvgevi, 7 A_ mgx wZw_, 56 `s, 33 cj I 37 wecj| cwKvi fvlvq GK
cKvk Kiv nq `s 56/33/37 iv Gfve| Nvi wnmve GwU jLv nq N 4/11/37 Gfve| A_vr Gi
viv evSvq h, mv _K 4 Nv 11 wgwbU 37 mK ch mgx wZw_i vhwZ, ci
Agx wZw_i Avi| DjL, 60 ` nq 24 Nv|
wZxq i c_g msLvwU bwb`kK| b nQ Awkbx, fiYx, KwKv BZvw` 27wU|
cZKwUi wbw` b^i AvQ| 13 msLvwU GLvb nv bi wb`kK| Gi mgqKvj `s
41/23/4 iv N 10/7/24| ZZxq i c_g msLvwU wewfb hvM wb`k Ki| hvM nQ
gvn`, wey BZvw` 27wU Ges cZKwUiB wbR^ b^i AvQ| GLvb 20 b^i
evSvQ wkehvM Ges Gi mgqKvj nQ `s 46/15/12 iv N 12/4/15| G mgqi KiY nQ Mi (cg
KiY), Gi ci ewYR KiY Ges `s 56/33/37 iv N 4/11/37 MZ ewKiY|
GQvWv evsjv`ki cwKvq cZK cvi evg cvk P` Kvbv ivwkZ iqQ Zv K_vq jLv
_vK| hgb Dchy cvq jLv iqQ P`v Kbvqvs A_vr P` Kbv ivwkZ AvQ|
GQvWvI KqKwU _vK, hgb: i 3/1/41/12, Ps 5/14/38/0, gs 6/11/20/56, ey 3/3/18/49,
e 0/10/25/46, 4/5/57/15, k 0/21/5/33, iv 3/22/11/41 Ges K 9/22/11/41| c_g wU
evLv Kij cvIqv hvq: i gvb iwe, 3 gvb KKU ivwk Ges mgq nQ 1 wWwM 41 wgwbU 12
mK| A_vr iweMnwU IB ZvwiL GK wWwM GKPwjk wgwbU eviv mK KKU ivwkZ
wQj| Abyicfve P`, gj, eya, enwZ, , kwb, iv I KZy Kvb ivwki KZ wWwM, wgwbU
I mK iqQ Zv Ai gvag `Lvbv nqQ|
cwKvq Mn-bi Aevb msKZi gvag `Lvbv nq, hgb: i(7), Ps(13), gs(15), ey(7), e
(1), (10), k(2), iv(9) I K(22)| GLvb i gvb iwe Ges 7 gvb 7 b^i b cybemy, AZGe i(7)
viv evSvq iweMnwU iqQ cybemy b; Abyicfve P` iqQ nv b BZvw`|
cKvk _vK h, wmv RvwZlkvi Dei AvM cwKvq `bw`b Mnvevb jLv
nZv bv| vb weKvki dj cvi m m MnmviKvjI cwKvq wjwce nZ _vK| weMZ
100 eQii AwaKKvj hver evsjv cwKv gyw`Z nQ| cwKvq GLb dwjZ RvwZli AbK wKQy
A_vr Mn-bi `wbK Aevbmg~nI cvIqv hvQ| AvaywbK cwKvq dwjZ RvwZl wekl
vb `Lj KiQ| RbMYi Pvwn`vi w`K `w iL GLb cwKvq eldj, gvmdj, ivdj, `wbK
ivwkdj cfwZ gyw`Z nQ|
evsjv`ki cwKvi BwZnvm AbK cvPxb| cvPxbi ga vZ iNyb`b mvw`Z bexc
cwKvi bvg cvIqv hvq| iNyb`bi ci Gi MYbvi `vhwZ cvjb Kib h_vg ivgi` we`vwbwa
(ivRv KP`i mgq) Ges weki RvwZlvYe| wKQyw`b ci Gi MYbvKvh e nq hvq|
BsiR Avgj KbMii RbK mgvnZvi cPvq weki cybivq cwKv cKvki Kvhg
Avi Kib| GwU ZLb cyw_i AvKvi wjwLZ nZv| 1869 wLv _K cwKvwU gyw`ZvKvi
cKvwkZ nZ _vK| ZLb GwUB wQj c_g gyw`Z cwKv| cieZxKvj 1297 ev (1890) _K
we wmv cwKv cKvwkZ nZ _vK| Abyic cwKv ev^vB I cybv _KI cKvwkZ nq|
cwKvi mekl msvi Kiv nq 1952 wLv fviZ miKvii Zveavb| cLvZ wevbx gNbv`
mvnvi mfvcwZZ GKwU cv kvab mwgwZ (Kvjvi widg KwgwU) MVb Ki cPwjZ
cwKvwji MYbvcwZi wbixv I cqvRbeva msvii Rb mycvwik Kiv nq| GB mwgwZi
civgkg ivxq chvq cwKv cKvkbvi `vhwZ MnY Kiv nq| m gZ fviZ 1957
wLv _K cwKv cKvwkZ nZ _vK| eZgvb Zv 12wU fvlvq cKvwkZ nQ| evsjv
cwKvq evsjv, BsiwR I wnRwi mbi ZvwiL, gvm I eQii DjL _vK|

evsjv elcw MYbvi mbvZb wbqg Kvb eQii Kvb gvm KZ w`b ne Zv AvM _K wbw`
Ki ejv hvq bv| ZvQvWv D MYbvcwZZ Kvb gvm 29 w`b Avevi Kvb gvm 32 w`b nq
_vK| G welqwUK Rxebi me evsjv mb eenvii cavb Aivq wnme weePbv Ki 1963
mvj evsjv GKvWgxi D`vM gyn` knx`yjvn mfvcwZZ GKwU msvi KwgwU MVb Kiv
nq| D msvi KwgwUi cve Abymvi eQii c_g 5 gvm 31 w`bi Ges cieZx 7 gvm 30
w`bi Kiv nq|
1988 mvj _K miKvwifve wLxq mbi cvkvcvwk evsjv mb jLvi ixwZ Pvjy nq Ges ZLb _K
knx`yjvn& KwgwUi cvweZ MYbvcwZ MnY Kiv nq| evsjv`ki HwZn I mvswZK
Rxebi m evsjv elcwi mwi welqwU gb iL Ges cvweZ MYbvcwZK
m~Y ywUgy I MMixq elMYbvi m mvgmc~Y Kivi j GKB eQi evsjv
GKvWgxZ GKwU kwkvjx wekl KwgwU MVb Kiv nq| cwKvK AviI DbZ I ywUgy Kivi
Rb 1995 mvj mswZ welqK gYvjqi ciYvq GKwU Uv dvm MVb Kiv nq| cwKv
msvii Rb Zv`i mycvwik wbgic: 1. mvaviYfve evsjv elcw ekvL _K fv` gvm
ch cwZgvm 31 w`b Ges Avwkb _K P ch cwZgvm 30 w`b MYbv Kiv ne; 2.
MMixq elcwi Awael h evsjv eQii dvj&b gvm cWe, mB evsjv eQiK Awaeli~c
MY Kiv ne Ges mB eQii dvj&b gvm 31 w`b MYbv Kiv ne; 3. 1402 mvji 1 ekvL _K
GwU KvhKi ne Ges ZvwiL cwieZbi mgq ne AvRvwZK ixwZ Abymvi ivZ 12Uvq|
RbKjvY MnxZ G c`c me ckswmZ nq|
cwKvi Pvu`i wZw_ LyeB iZc~Y| c~Y Pv`gvmi vhwZ 29 w`b 12 Nv, 43
wgwbU 12 mK ev 29.5 w`b| Pvu` 360 wWwM AwZg Ki 29.5 w`b, Zv nj GK w`b
AwZg Ki 360 29.5 = 12.20 wWwM, A_vr 24 Nvq AwZg Ki 12.20 wWwM| Zvi gvb
GK w`bi Pvu` cwg w`Mi 12.20 wWwM Ici IV| Avevi Pvu` hLb A hvq ZLb 1 wWwM
AwZg KiZ mgq jvM 4 wgwbU, Zv nj 12.20 wWwM AwZg KiZ jvM 12.20 x 4 = 48.80
wgwbU Ges mevP 50.52 wgwbU ev 51 wgwbU| A_vr c_g w`bi Pvu` 51 wgwbUi ewk
cwg AvKvk _vKZ cvi bv| Pv`gvmwbfi iZc~Y wewfb agxq Abyvbvw` cvjb
Icii wevbmZ MYbvcwZ AbymiY Kiv DwPZ ej wekliv AwfgZ e KiQb|
eZgvb evsjv`k hme cwKv een~Z nQ mwji ga jvKbv_ WvBiix cwKv
mevcv cvPxb I DjLhvM| 1953 mvj _K GwU XvKvi jvKbv_ eyK GRx mieivn Ki
AvmQ| Gi GKwU cKU msiYI AvQ| cwZ eQi ekvL gvm GwU cKvwkZ nq| GQvWv
iqQ gvnv`x cKU cwKv| Gi cKvkK XvKvi nvwgw`qv jvBeix wjwgUW|