Karnsinee Yotsakulsate (Jenny)

Aloe vera

Identify the functional groups in the compound.

1) What is the purpose of the compound?

To heal the burn wound, sunburn, cut, acne, and psoriasis by reducing
bacterial contamination, forming of subsequent keloid, and changing the pigment.
To cure diarrhea by healing the digestive system.
To treat and prevent constipation.
To prevent progressive dermal ischaemia caused by burn, frostbite, electrical
injury, distal dying flap, and intra-arterial drug abuse.
To recover the inflammatory of stomach including gastric ulcers, gastritis, and
hiatal hernia as a result of the influence of the aloine that raises peristaltic movement
of the intestine.
To cure sorethroat and tonsillitis by soothing the irritated cells that results in
the decline of inflammation.
2) Research about its chemical and physical properties of the compound.
Chemical properties:
Contains 8 essential amino acids for humans including isoleucine, leucine,
lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, valine, and tryptophan.
Contains 12 non-essential amino acids for humans including alanine,
arginine, asparagine, cysteine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, proline, serine,
tyrosine, glutamine, and aspartic acid.
Contains 10 main enzymes including Amylase, Bradykinase, Catalase,
Cellulase, Lipase, Oxidase, Alkaline Phosphatase, Proteolytiase, Creatinine
Phosphokinase, and Carboxypeptidase.
Contains minerals and vitamins including choline, calcium, magnesium, zinc,
manganese, chromium, selenium, copper, iron, potassium, sodium, rhodium, iridium,
vitamins A, C, E, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, and B12.
Has pH level about 3.5-4.7
Soluble in any proportion in water.
Physical properties:
Has a faint herbal odor.
Has a bitter taste.
The color varies from clear to slightly yellow or translucent gold, depends on
the season it is harvested.
Has a boiling point of 100 degrees Celsius.
Has no data of its melting point (not available).

3) How you test for organic functional groups?

1. Test for the aromaticity (ignition test):
Heat a small amount of the compound on a metal spatula. If you notice the liminous flame,
your compound is aliphatic, but if you notice sooty flame, your compound is aromatic.
2. Test for unsaturated compounds by using 2% bromine and carbon tetrachloride:
Dissolve 0.2 g of the compound in 2 mL of carbon tetrachloride
drop 2 mL of 2% bromine solution in carbon tetrachloride shake the
mixture
If the color of bromine solution (orange-brown) changes to colorless, the
compound is unsaturated. If not, the compound is saturated.
3. Test for phenol by using bromine water:

 Dissolve approximately 0.05 g of the compound in 2 mL dilute

hydrochloric acid add drops of bromine water until the bromine colour
(orange-brown) remains.
If theres a white precipitate, the compound contains phenol.
The white precipitate is the precipitate of the bromophenol.
4. Test for ketone by using Bradys reagent:
Add 2 drops of the compound into a test tube add 3 mL Bradys
reagent into the same test tube shake the test tube
If theres no precipitate forms, warm the test tube and wait for 5-10 minutes.
If theres still not having any precipitate form, the compound contain neither
aldehyde nor ketone. If theres precipitate form, the compound contains either
aldehyde or ketone, or both.
5. Test for alcohol(hydroxyl) by using Lucas reagent:
Add 1 mL of the compound into a test tube add 6 mL of room
temperature Lucas reagent to the same test tube close the test tube
with a cork or tip shake wait and see the change
If the compound contains primary alcohol, the compound remain clear after 7
minutes.
If the compound contains secondary alcohol, the droplets of alkyl chloride will
be noticed after an hour or more.
If the compound contains tertiary alcohol, the droplets of alkyl chloride will
form in a few minutes.
6. Test for ether by testing solubility:
Add a few amount of the compound into the test tube add
approximately 6 drops of H2O into the same test tube shake the tube
If the compound is soluble, a homogenous solution will be formed, but if the
compound is insoluble, the solution will remain separate (no change)
If the compound contains ether, it is insoluble.

4) Describe what you would expect for each test and show chemical equation
1. Test for the aromaticity (ignition test):
We will see a sooty flame because the compound is aromatic.
2. Test for unsaturated compounds by using 2% bromine and carbon tetrachloride:
After shaking the mixture, the color will change from orange to colorless because the
compound contains unsaturated fat.
3. Test for phenol by using bromine water:
The white precipitate of bromophenol will form because the compound contains phenol.

4. Test for ketone by using Bradys reagent:

After shaking the test tube, the precipitate will form because the compound contains ketone.

5. Test for alcohol(hydroxyl) by using Lucas reagent:

After shaking the test tube, wait for a while and you will see the droplets of alkyl chloride
form because the compound contains hydroxyl.

6. Test for ether by testing solubility:

You will see no change, the compound and water will remain separate because the
compound that contains ether must be insoluble in water, acid, and alkali.
5) Determine the functional group present in these unknown
Unknown A soluble in water and gives bubbles with 5% NaHCO 3 =
carboxylic acid
Unknown B insoluble in water, insoluble in 5% NaOH, but soluble
in 5% HCl = amine
Unknown C insoluble in water, insoluble in 5% NaOH, insoluble in
5% HCl, soluble with a color change in conc. H 2SO4 , and decolorizes both
KMNO4 (aq) and bromine in cyclohexane = alkene
Unknown D soluble in water, doesnt produce bubbles with 5%
NaHCO3 , gives a precipitate with 2,4-DNP, and gives a fuchsia color with the Schiff
test = carbonyl (aldehyde/ketone)

References

Aloe Vera Benefits: Healing Skin, Constipation & Immune System - Dr. Axe. (2015).
Retrieved April 26, 2016, from http://draxe.com/aloe-vera-benefits/
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http://www.makingcosmetics.com/msds/msds-aloe-vera-gel.pdf
Aloe as a Sore Throat Remedy. (n.d.). Retrieved April 26, 2016, from
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Chemical Constituents of Aloe Vera. (n.d.). Retrieved April 26, 2016, from
http://www.herballegacy.com/Baldwin_Chemical.html
Devi, R., & Rao, Y. M. (n.d.). Cosmeceutical applications of Aloe gel. Retrieved April 27,
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Identifying an Unknown Compound by Solubility, Functional Group Tests and Spectral
Analysis. (n.d.). Retrieved April 27, 2016, from
http://www.udel.edu/chem/CHEM322/Handouts/unknowns_lab_handout.pdf
Lancashire, R. J. (n.d.). Qualitative Analysis of Organic Compounds. Retrieved April 27,
2016, from http://wwwchem.uwimona.edu.jm/lab_manuals/c10expt25.html
Properties of aloe vera. (n.d.). Retrieved April 26, 2016, from http://www.botanicalonline.com/medicinalsaloeveraangles.htm
What is the real (natural) color of Aloe Vera? (n.d.). Retrieved April 26, 2016, from
https://www.nancykbrown.com/aloevera-real-color.asp