Vietnamese

Chng ri lon nhn

cch l g?
(What is a personality disorder?)

Chng ri lon nhn

cch l g?

Nhng th ri lon nhn

cch chnh yu l g?

Mi ngi u c nhng nt c
tnh tiu biu cho con ngi h.
Cc nt c tnh ny l nhng li
thng l m mt ai suy ngh
hoc ng x, khin mi ngi
trong chng ta tr thnh c o.

Cc chng ri lon nhn cch c

mt tm mc rng. Tt c cc
chng ny u bao gm mt cung
cch ng x m nt, c ngha l
nhng suy ngh hoc hnh vi c
trng u hin r trong hu ht tt
c cc mt trong cuc sng ca
ngi y.

Nhng nt c tnh tr thnh mt

chng ri lon nhn cch mt khi
np suy ngh v hnh vi ng x
bin thnh cc oan, cng nhc v
thiu thch ng. Cc nt c tnh
ny c th gy ra nhng xo trn
to ln n cuc sng ca ngi
v chng thng ko theo nhng
mi au kh v vn cho bn thn
hoc cho nhng ngi khc.

C ba nhm ri lon nhn cch:

nhng ri lon k quc hay lp d,
nhng ri lon cm xc hay tnh
kh tht thng, v nhng ri lon
lo u hay s hi. Nhng ri lon
c trng c k nh sau:

Ri lon nhn cch th hoang

tng (Paranoid personality
disorder) l ni nghi ng v thiu
tin cy ngi khc m nt n
mc tm ca h b ngi ta hiu
l him c.

Cc chng ri lon nhn cch

thng bt u t thu th u v
ko di sut thi k thnh nin.
Ngi ta vn cha xc lp chc
chn c tn xut ca nhng
chng ri lon nhn cch l bao
nhiu v tn xut bin i ty theo
cc chng ri lon khc nhau. C
trong 100 ngi th c chng mt
ngi b mc chng ri lon nhn
cch bt nh (borderline
personality disorder)

Ri lon nhn cch th phn lp

(Schizoid personality disorder) l
mt cung cch mang m nt tch
bit khi nhng mi quan h x hi
v mc biu l cm xc b thu hp
li trong phm vi quan h c nhn
i bn.

Mc du nhn cch kh c th thay

i, nhng vi vic cha tr v h
tr sm v thch hp, ngi mc
chng ri lon nhn cch c th
sng cuc i trn vn v hu ch.

Ri lon nhn cch th ging

phn lit (Schizotypal
personality disorder) l mt cung
cch mang m nt khim khuyt
trong quan h c nhn i bn
hoc x hi biu hin qua vic kh
chu su sc vi nhng mi quan
h gn gi,

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v qua vic gim kh nng to lp

nhng mi quan h ny. Biu hin
c trng ca th ny l mo m
trong suy ngh, nhn thc v hnh
vi ng x lp d.

rt r v nhng nho v ni s hi
b chia ly.

Ri lon nhn cch th m nh

cng bc (Obsessivecompulsive personality disorder)
l mt cung cch mang m nt
vic bn tm n th t, tnh cch
cu ton, khng ch tinh thn v
khng ch trong quan h c nhn
i bn, lm phng hi n tnh
linh ng, ci m v hiu qu.

Ri lon nhn cch th chng

i x hi (Antisocial
personality disorder) l mt cung
cch mang m nt tnh khng
quan tm n v vi phm quyn li
ca ngi khc.

Ri lon nhn cch th bt nh

Ri lon nhn cch th kch

tnh (Histrionic personality
disorder) l mt cung cch mang
m nt cm xc qu mc v thu
ht s ch .

(Borderline personality disorder)

l mt cung cch mang m nt
bt n nh trong cc mi quan h
c nhn i bn, hnh tng bn
th, v kim ch cc cn bc ng.

Ri lon nhn cch th t m

(Narcissistic personality
disorder) l mt cung cch mang
m nt hoang tng v i (trong
tr tng tng hay trong hnh vi
thc s), cn c ngng m, v
thiu thng cm.

Hiu bit v ri lon nhn cch th

bt nh l iu c bit quan trng
v chng ny c th b chn on
lm thnh mt cn bnh tm thn
khc, c bit l chng ri lon
tnh kh.
Ngi mc chng ri lon nhn
cch th bt nh c th c:

Ri lon nhn cch th ln

trnh (Avoidant personality
disorder) l mt cung cch mang
m nt c ch trong giao thip x
hi, cm gic thiu t tin v qu
nhy cm vi nhng li nh gi
tiu cc.
Ri lon nhn cch th l thuc
(Dependent personality disorder)
l mt nhu cu m nt v qu
ng cn c ngi khc sn
sc, dn n vic h c cung cch

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Tnh kh tht thng ht c

Ni gin khng xc ng hoc
kh lng kim ch c cn
gin
Cm gic trng vng kinh nin
Hnh vi, c ch hay li ni e
da t t, hnh vi t hi bn
thn
Hnh vi bc ng v t hy hoi
bn thn.

 Cung cch quan h thiu n nh

nim v bn thn hoc hnh
dng bn thn thiu n nh ko
di
Ni s hi b b ri
Nhng thi k b hoang tng
hoc mt lin h vi thc ti.

Nhng chng bnh tm thn

xy ra ng thi
Chng ri lon nhn cch thng
i i vi cc chng bnh tm thn
khc. Mun bit thm chi tit v
bnh tm thn, xin c tp ti liu
Bnh tm thn l g? v cc ti liu
khc trong b ti liu ny.
Dng ru v cht ma ty khc
c hi thng i i vi cc
chng ri lon nhn cch, c bit
l chng ri lon nhn cch th bt
nh. iu ny khin cho vic
cha tr thm phn phc tp, v
iu quan trng l phi x tr hiu
qu vic dng ru v cht ma ty
khc.

Nguyn nhn g gy ra
chng ri lon nhn
cch?
Chng ri lon nhn cch din tin
t thi th u v nhng suy ngh
cng cc hnh vi s ngy cng tr
nn su m hn trong thi thnh
nin.
Mt s chng ri lon nhn cch
thng thy nam gii (nh
chng ri lon nhn cch th
chng i x hi), mt s khc li

3/6
4/6

thng gp n gii (nh chng

ri lon nhn cch th bt nh).
Mi sau hng bao nhiu nm tri
chu au kh, nhiu ngi mc
chng ri lon nhn cch mi tm
phng tr gip. iu ny khin
cho vn kin thc v nguyn nhn
v din tin ca cc chng ny b
mai mt i.
Cc nguyn nhn khc nhau c v
nh i i vi cc loi chng ri
lon nhn cch khc nhau. Tuy
nhin, cng ging nh hu ht cc
chng bnh tm thn, cc nguyn
nhn l mt mi tng hp phc tp
ca cc yu t di truyn, cc yu t
sinh ha, cc yu t v mi trng,
c nhn v gia nh.

Nguyn nhn g gy ra
chng ri lon nhn cch
th bt nh?
Ngi ta xc lp c r rng
l khuynh hng mc chng ri
lon nhn cch th bt nh lu
truyn trong gia nh. iu ny
cng ging nh bm cht ca cc
cn bnh khc, nh bnh tiu
ng hoc bnh tim.
C mt s bng chng cho rng
chng ri lon nhn cch th bt
nh c th lin quan ti s mt
qun bnh v ha cht trong no
b.

Ngi ta tin rng ngc i v b

b tr thi th u, v s phn ly tr
vi ngi chm sc l nhng yu
t gp phn chnh yu, c bit l
vic ngc i ko di v nghim
trng.
N gii d mc chng ri lon
nhn cch th bt nh hn nam
gii.

Hin c phng cch

cha tr g?
Phm vi cha tr cc chng ri lon
nhn cch ang m rng. Kiu
cha tr ty thuc vo th loi
chng ri lon nhn cch.
Nhiu chng ri lon nhn cch c
lin quan ti cc chng bnh tm
thn khc, mc d hnh vi thng
bn vng v kinh nin hn. Th d
nh chng ri lon nhn cch th
m nh cng bc c lin quan ti
chng ri lon m nh v cng
bc; chng ri lon nhn cch th
phn lp c lin quan ti chng
bnh tm thn phn lit v chng
ri lon nhn cch th ln trnh c
lin quan ti chng s giao thip
trong x hi. V th, mt s nhng
phng thc cha tr tng t c
th c s dng.

i vi chng ri lon nhn cch

th bt nh, phng thc cha tr
chnh yu l cc cch tr liu tm l.
Liu php Hnh vi Bin chng
(DBT) l mt hnh thc ca liu
php nhn thc hnh vi, nhm vo
tnh kh bt nh v tnh bc ng.
Liu php ny dy cho ngi ta
bit cch ch ng c cm xc,
bit o luyn li cch ng ph vi
con ngi v tnh th.
Mt mc tiu quan trng ca vic
cha tr nhng ngi mc chng
ri lon nhn cch l x tr hnh vi
t t v lm hi bn thn. Ngi
ta thy rng DBT cho thy c
hiu nghim trong vic kim sot
nhng hnh vi t t.
Mc d hiu bit ca chng ta v
vic cha tr hiu nghim cc
chng ri lon nhn cch vn cn
ang m rng, nhng kim cch
cha tr cng sm chng no th
vic cha tr mi c c cng hiu
nghim hn chng ny.
Gia nh v bn b ca ngi mc
chng ri lon nhn cch c th
thng cm thy bi ri v au
kh. V th, mt phn quan trng
trong vic cha tr l vic h tr v
gio dc, cng nh to mi hiu
bit su sc hn cho dn chng.

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Tm ni no tr gip
Bc s gia nh ca qu v
Trung tm y t cng ng ca qu v
Trung tm y t cng ng v tm thn
ca qu v
Mun bit thm chi tit v cc dch v, xin
hi Dch v Phc li v Tr gip Cng
ng (Community Help and Welfare
Services) v cc s in thoi khn trc
24 ting c trong cun in thoi nin
gim a phng ca qu v.
Nu qu v cn thng dch vin, xin lin
lc S Thng dch qua in thoi (TIS)
s 13 14 50
Mun c tr gip tham vn tc th, xin
lin lc ng dy in thoi Mch sng
(Lifeline) qua s 13 11 14. ng dy
Mch sng ny c th cng cung cp cho
ta nhng mi lin lc, thm thng tin v
tr gip.
Thng tin hng dn thm hin c ti:
www.mifa.org.au
www.mmha.org.au
www.sane.org

Tp ti liu ny l mt phn trong mt b

ti liu v bnh tm thn do Chnh ph
c-i-li ti tr thng qua Sch lc
Quc gia v Y t Tm thn (National
Mental Health Strategy).
Cc tp ti liu khc trong b ny bao
gm:
Bnh tm thn l g?
Chng lo u qu l g?
Chng lon tm thn hng-trm cm
l g?
Chng trm cm l g?
Chng ri lon v n ung l g?
Bnh tm thn phn lit l g?
Tt c cc bn ti liu min ph ny u
hin c qua Y t Tm thn v Lc lng
Lao ng Phn ban ca Chnh Ph ci-li B Y t v Cao nin (Mental
Health and Workforce Division of the
Australian Government Department of
Health and Ageing)
GPO Box 9848
CANBERRA ACT 2601
in thoi
1800 066 247
in th 1800 634 400
www.health.gov.au/mentalhealth
Mun c cc bn ti liu bng nhng
ngn ng khc xin lin lc C quan Y t
Tm thn a Vn ha c i Li
(Multicultural Mental Health Australia)
S in thoi (02) 9840 3333
MMHA Website: www.mmha.org.au

Insert your local details here

Version 1 November 2007

i iu v tp ti liu
ny

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