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CIP -

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336.2(497.11)

339.543(497.11)
/ ... [ .]. - :

, 2013 ( : ). - 428 . : . , ; 25 cm

30. - . - : . 419428.
ISBN 978-86-87867-71-0

1. , , 1956- []

a) - b) -
COBISS.SR-ID 188638732

:
............................... 22

1. ................................................. 22

2. ....................................... 23

3. ..................................... 25

:
....................................................... 29

1. ........................................................... 29
1.1. O .................................................................. 31
1.2. ................................................................ 32
1.2.1. K ....................................................................... 33

1.2.2. ......................... 37

2.
.................................................................................. 38

2.1. ......................................................... 38
5

2.2. ............................................ 39

3. ...................... 41

4. ................. 46
5. .......................... 49
5.1. ...................................................... 49
5.2. ..................................................................... 51

5.3. ............................................................................. 53

6. ...................................... 54
6.1. ................................................................... 54

6.2. ................................................................. 56

6.3.
................................................................... 57

7. ............................................................................... 61
7.1. ................................................................................ 62

7.2. ........................................................................... 63

8. .................................................................. 64
6

8.1. ............................... 64

8.2. ................................................................................... 67

8.2.1. ................................................................... 67

8.2.2. ...................................................................... 69
8.2.3. ...................................................................... 70

8.2.4. - ......................................................... 72

9. ...................................................................... 73

10. .................................................................... 77
10.1. ....................................... 81

10.2. ............................................................................ 84

11. ................................................................. 90

11.1. .............................................. 90
11.2. ..................... 92

11.3. ................................................. 94

11.4. ................. 96
11.4.1. ................................................. 96
11.4.2. ................................................ 96

11.4.3. .............................................. 97

11.4.4. ........................................ 97

11.4.5.
.................................................................... 98
11.4.6. .................................... 98

11.4.7. ................................................................. 99

:
.............................................100

1. , ....................................... 100
1.1. .......................................... 101
1.2. ....................................................................... 102
1.3. .................................................................................. 103
1.4. ............................................................................... 103

2. ..................................................................... 104
2.1. ............................................................................. 104

2.1.1. ...................................... 104

2.1.2. ............................................................................. 109

2.2. ............................................................................ 109

2.2.1. ........................................... 109

2.2.2. ....................................................... 110

2.3. ............................................................................. 111

 :
........................................112

1. ................................................. 112
1.1. .................................................................................... 114

1.2. ............................................................................. 116

2. ............................................ 117
2.1. ............................................................. 117
2.2. .............................................................................. 118
2.3. ............................................................................. 119

2.4. .................................................. 121

3. ........................................... 124
3.1. ................................................................ 124
3.2. ......................................................... 124

3.3. ............................................... 125

3.4. ................................................................... 125
3.5. ..................................................................... 126
3.6. ......................................................................... 126

:
...................................127
9

1. .......................................... 127

2. ..................... 128
2.1. ........................................................ 129

2.2. ..................... 131

2.3. ............................... 133

2.4. ............................................ 135

2.5. ........................... 138

2.6. ....................... 142

................................................................................................. 145

................................................................................................... 150

:
.........................................154
10

1. ............................................................................ 154

1.1. ........................................... 156

1.2. ................................... 160

2.
............................................................................................ 164

2.1. ................................................ 164

2.2. ...................................................................... 173

3.
.................................................................................. 179
3.1. ............... 179

3.2. ...................................................... 181

3.3. ...................................... 183

3.4. ..................... 184

3.4.1. ........................................................ 185

3.4.1.1. ....................................................... 185

3.4.1.2. ............................................................................................. 190

3.4.2. ........................................................ 193

3.4.2.1. ......................................................... 193

3.4.2.2. .......................................... 194

11

3.5. .............................................. 196

3.5.1.
.................................................................... 197
3.5.2.
1990. ....................................................................... 199
3.5.3. ................................................................... 200

3.6. .................................................... 202

3.6.1.
............................................................... 202
3.6.2.
............................................................. 203

3.7. .......................................................... 203

3.7.1.
............................. 203
3.7.2.
......................................................... 205
3.7.3. .............................................. 206

4. ................................. 206
4.1. ......... 206

12

4.2. .......................... 208

4.3. ................................................................. 208

5.
.............................................................................................. 209

5.1.
- ................................... 209
5.2. .......................................... 211

:

..................................................................215

1. .............................. 215

2. ................................ 219
3. ............................ 222
4.
..................................................................................... 228

5. ............................. 236
6. ................................................ 240
6.1. .............................................................. 243
6.2. ............................................................... 248

6.2.1. ....................................................................... 253

13

6.2.2. .............. 257

6.2.3. ...................... 258

6.2.4.
........................................................... 261

6.2.5. ............................................... 263

6.2.6. ..................................... 264
6.2.7. .................................................. 264

6.2.8. ........................................................ 266

6.3. ........................................................................... 269

6.4. ................................................................................................ 273

6.4.1. .................................................. 274

6.5. ............................................................. 277

6.5.1. ................... 277

6.5.2. .......................................................................... 284

6.6. .................................... 285

6.7. ......................................... 290

..................................................................................................... 291

................................................................................................... 296
14

:
.............................299

1. ............................................... 299

2.
........................................................................ 303

3. .............................. 305
4. ........................................... 307

5. ............................................... 312

6. ............................... 314
7.
.............................................................................. 317

8. .............................................. 320
8.1. - ............ 320
8.2. ............................. 324
8.3. ............................................................................ 326

15

9. "...................................................... 329

10. ....................................... 337

10.1. .......... 337
10.2. .................................. 340
10.3. .............................. 342

11. ,
............................................................................ 343

11.1.
......................................................................... 349
11.2.
......................................................................... 353

11.3. ....................................... 355

..................................................................................................... 357

................................................................................................... 361

16

 :
....................................................................363

1. ........................................................................ 363

1.1. .............................. 366

1.2. Public Relations .............................................................. 372

1.3. ............................................. 378

1.4. ................................................ 380

2. ....... 383
2.1. .............................................................................. 383

2.2. ............................................................ 387

3.
.............................................................................................. 388

4. , ....... 397

:
...................................................................405

1. ...................... 405
1.1. ............................................................... 406
1.2. ....................................................... 408
1.3. .......................................................................... 410

17

2. FRINGE BENEFITS-" ........................................... 411

3. ................................................................................. 414

:

............................................................................417

1.
........................................................................ 417
1.1.
............................................................................ 420

1.2. ................. 421

1.2.1. - ............. 421

1.2.2. ............. 424

1.2.3. ........................... 430
1.2.4. , ,
................................................................. 432

1.2.5. ............. 436

1.2.6. ,
................................................................... 442

1.2.7.
.......................................................... 444
18

2. ................................ 445
2.1. ................................................................. 446

2.2. .......................................................................... 447

2.3. ................... 448

..................................................................................................... 449

................................................................................................... 451

:

.......................................................................453

1. ........................................ 453
1.1. .............................................................. 458
1.2. Keynes- ................................................................................ 464
1.3. A. Hansen- ........................................................................... 466

1.4. Harod-Domar- ..................................................................... 467

1.5. Peacock-Show- .................................................................... 471

1.6. Musgrave- ........................................................................... 475

1.7. .......................................................................... 479

2.
...................................................... 487

19

2.1. Musgrave- ......................... 487

2.2. Johansen- ................................................................ 492
2.3. Auld- ....................................................................... 494

3. K
....................................................................... 496
..................................................................................................... 509

................................................................................................... 513

................................................................................................514

) - .............................................................................. 514

) ....................................... 521
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......................................................... 524

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1986., str. 119-120.

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(Horizontal Directive), Oficial Journal L 076 of 23 March 1992.

91

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Council Directive 84/217/EEC of 10 April 1984 amending Directive 72/464/EEC on

taxes other than turnover taxes which affect the consumption of manufactured tobacco,
Official Journal L 104 of 17 April 1984; Council Directive 86/246/EEC of 16 June 1986
amending Directive 72/464/EEC on taxes other than turnover taxes which affect the
consumption of manufactured tobacco, Official Journal L 164 of 20 June 1986.

92

Council Directive 2003/96/EC of October 2003 restructuring the Community framework

for the taxation of energy products and electricity, Official Journal L 283 of 31 October
2003.

93

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European Commission DG Taxation and Customs Union, January 2002.

96

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European Commission infrigement procedures regarding Greek and Danish car tax, Tax
News Service, International Bureau of Fiscal Documentation, Vol. 37, Issue 10 (3 March
2003), p. 132-133

97

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S. van Thiel, Christine Rattra and Michael Meer, Corporate Income taxation and the
Internal Market Without Fronties, European Taxation, No. 11/1990, p. 326-327.

98

Martin Norr, The Taxation of Corporations and Shareholders, Kluwer, Deventer 1982, p.
43-44; Sijbren Cnossen, Corporation Taxes in the European Community, u: Reading
Materials relating to Summer Course International Taxation; International Bureau of
Fiscal Documentation, Amsterdam 1991, p. 28-45.

99

197

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Sijbren Cnossen, Reform and Coordination of Corporation Taxes in the European

Union: An Alternative Agenda, Bulletin for International Fiscal Documentation, April
2004, p. 136-137. Vidi takoe: The EU Accession States Tax Memo, ed. Fiscal
Documentation, Amsterdam 2004.

100

Don Fullerton A. Thomas King John B. Shoven John Whalley, Corporate Tax
Integration in the United States: A General Equilibrium Approach, The American
Economic Review, September 1981, p. 677-691.

101

198

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1990.

. , ,
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1962. 103 () - .
1967.
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1970. 104
-, , ,
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1975.
. , 1975.
,105
.

Wolfgang Schn, The European Commission's Report on Company Taxation: A Magic

Formula for European Taxation?, European Taxation, Vol. 42. No. 8/2002, p. 276.

102

Europische Wirtschafts-gemeinschaftKommission: Bericht des Steuer und Finanzausschusses, Brussels, 1962.

103

Van den Tempel, Impt sur les socits et impt sur le revenue dans les Communauts
europennes, Brussels, 1970.

104

Proposal for a Council Directive concerning the harmonization of systems of company

taxation and of withholding taxes on dividends, Official Journal (OJ) 1975, C 253/2.

105

199

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, .
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Report of the Ruding Committee: Conclusions and Recommendations of the Committee

if Independent Experts on Company Taxation, European Taxation, Nos. 4-5/1992.

106

200


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Commission of the European Communities: Company Taxation in the Internal Market

(Ruding II Report), SEC (2001) 1681, 2001.

107

H. Onno Ruding, The Long Way to Removing Obstacles in Company Taxation in

Europe, European Taxation, January 2002, p. 3.

108

Commission Recommendation 94/79/EC of 21 December 1993 on the taxation of

certain items of income recieved by non-residents in a Member State other than that in
which they are resident, Official Journal L 039 of 10 February 1994.

109

202

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110
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3.7.1.

, 1990.
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Commission Recommendation 94/390/EC of 25 May 1994 concerning the taxation of

small and medium-sized enterprises, Official Journal L 177 of 9 July 1994.

110

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applicable in the case of parent companies and subsidiaries of different Member States
(Parent-Subsidiary Directive), Official Journal L 225 of 20 August 1990.

112

113
114

, . ., . 207-209.
.

Company Taxation UNICE Suggestions for Further Harmonisation, Intertax, No.

12/1991, p. 588.

115

204


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Council Directive 90/434/EEC of Jaly 1990 on the common system of taxation

applicable to mergers, divisions, transfers of assets and exchanges of shares concerning
companies of different Member States (Merger Directive), Official Journal L 225 of 20
August 1990. Merger Directive , :
, , ,
-.

116

117

205

3.7.3.

118 (Codex of Conduct).119 facto, - -

.

.

(. Harmful tax competition). -
(fer)
- .
4.

4.1.

2003. 2003/49/C
- .120 , COM/97/564 i
COM/97/495, :
, ,
, .

118

ECOFIN saveta 28. februara

2000. godine.

119

Council Directive 2003/49/EC of 3 June 2003 on a common system of taxation

applicable to interest and royalty payments made between associated companies of
different Members states, Official Journal L 157 of 26 June 2003.

120

206

 ).121
. - 1. 2004. .
2003/49 C

- .122
.

- (ECOFIN
Council), 19. 20. 2003. , ,
,
, , 648
, . : Tax package
adopted at Ecofin Council meeting of 3 June 2003, Tax News Service, International
Bureau of Fiscal Documentation, Vol. 37, Issu 25 (16 June 2003), p. 349-350.
: General Report on the Activies of the European Union 2003 Chapter IV:
The Community economic and social area, Section 5: Internal market/26/53; 27/53; 30/53
(http://europa.eu.int/comm/ taxation_customs/taxation).

121

2003. ,
1998. . : Text of Direktive on interest and royalty
payments between associated companies adopted by European Council, Tax News
Service, International Bureau of Fiscal Documentation, Vol. 37, Issue 17 (21 April 2003),
p. 235-236.

122

207

4.2.

2003. 2003/48/C
.123 , ,
.

- -,
,
-. .124
2003/48/C, -
.
-.
4.3.

125 293 ( 220)

, -

, .

,
. 1994.
Council Directive 2003/48/EC of 3 June 2003 on taxation of savings income in the form
of interest payments, Official Journal L 157 of 26 June 2003.

123

124

Activities of the European Union: Taxation (http:europa.eu.int/pol/tax/ index_en.htm)

Convention 90/436/EEC on the elimination of double taxation in connestion with the

adjustment of profits of associated enterprises (Arbitration Convention), Official Journal
L 225 of 20 August 1990.

125

208

 - () , 1. 1995. . ,
5 .
, ,
, ,
1999. . - 25. 1999.
126 5 .
- .127
5.
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Official Journal C 202/01 of 16 July 1999.

- : ,
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. 2004. .

127

209

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210

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77/799/C). -
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218/92/C 77/799/C
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, 9-10/90, . 441-456.

128

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216

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.131 .
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, , , ). ,

, :132
. Owens, Financing Public Expenditures: Tho Role of Tax Reform and Designing Tax
System, OECD, Paris, 1990.

130

131

. , .., . 444.

. ,
, 9-10/90., . 446.

132

217

) ,
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1992. . 1994. . ,
TVA.
, V, 50%
133

D. Kopitz, Fiscal Reform in European Economic and Transition, OECD, Paris, 1990.

219

 . ,
, 25% .
15%,
.
. 1990. . ,
.134 M

.
,
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TVA
1994. .
1991. .

71% 26%
20% 60%.
,
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.

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3% TVA 0,3% ().135

. ,
, 9-10/90., . 446.

134

135

A. Tait, Designing a VAT in Easter Europen: Issues of Base and Rates, OECD, Paris, 1990.

220


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60% ( ) 90% (
).

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. , . ., . 451.

221

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. .
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138

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139

D. Kopitz, Fiscal Reform in European Economic and Transition, OECD, Paris, 1990.

. -, ( ), 9-10/90, . 465-472.

140

. . Stiglitz B. Sehon Felder, Finanszwissensehalf, Minchen, R. Oldenborug Verlag,

1989, . 422-424

141

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J. Owens, , , 7-8 1991., . 405408.

148

149

OECD, The Role of Tax Reform in Central and Eastern European Economics, Paris, 1992.

226

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OECD. TVA/V 1988. .
1990. . , ,
.
. . ,


.
4.

152

, . 406-407.

153

, . 407.

S. Cossen, Key Questions in Considering a Value Added Tax for Central and Eastern
European Countries, Staff Papers 2-92, str. 211-255.

154

228

 , ,

.155
25% 21%
1996. . , 18%,
( 23%) 20% ( ). 1%-1,5%.
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,
. , , , , .
, , ,
. 27%,
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:
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TVA, ). , ,
45% 38%, 25%.

30%. , TVA 18%
, 9% . ,
, ( ),
. ,
. .
R. Bird, C.L. Freud, C.I. Walich, Decentralizing Fiscal Systems in Transition
Economics, Finance and Development, septembar 1995., str. 31-34.

155

229

 , 1. 1996.
TVA (VAT) . VAT 12,5% ( 15%).

20.000 . VAT. VAT , .
,
VAT- . ,
.

. .
. .
(, ),
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, , , , ( 60%-65%),
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, 1995.
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.
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. .
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( ) 1991.
25% ( 15% ).
1992. 20%, 10%.
1993. (. ) 3%
.
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1996. .
1991. , ,
, , , (
, , , ). 1994. 231

 . , ,
43% 1992. 39% 1995. .
,
, , .

156

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2.5
4:0
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3.7
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15.6
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7.-

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9.6
6.7

Izvor: Revenue statistics of OECD member countries 1965-1998, OECD, Paris 1999.

232

28.4

7.8

17.8

7.9

19.7

13.3

71,7% () 36,9% ().
.
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.

:157
(1)
,
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,
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, . . Neumann-,
. , .
.

( ).
M. Neumann, Changes in reenue structures from the point to view of political economy
Internacional institute of public finance, 42 nd congres, Atheness, 20-25 august 1986. str.
5-7.

157

233

 1991. 32% ( 45% ). 1995.

35% (22% 13% ).

.
.
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. , 39% : 28% , 5,4%
, 3,6% 2,0%
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,
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( 190 .
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235

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, . 76/91, 18/93, 57/93, 67/93, 45/94, 42/98, 54/99, 22/01,

33/04.

158

236


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(5) 1992. 2000. ,
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161

240

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241

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31. 2004. , . 2004. , ,
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242

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162 , ,
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poreya :
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:
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, , , - , . ,
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, , . 25/2001, 80/2002,
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162

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163

246

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164

248

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249

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250

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251

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252


, 87.
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253

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,
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254

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255

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.
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1.
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256

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257

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259

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260

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261

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262

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:
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6.2.5.

(, .).
:
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;
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263

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20%.

.
6.2.7.

,
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264

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appliquee 4/82, . 643-680.

205

206

R. Goode, Limits to Taxation, Finance and Development , 1980, . 11-12.

W. Eltis, The Need to Cut Public Expenditure and Taxation, i Is Monetarism Enough,
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451

(12)
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452

 :


1.

,269 ,
. ,

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, ; , . , ;

.270

.
,
. ,

. : Chiang C.Alpha, Osnovne
metode matematike ekonomije, III izdanje, MATE, Zagreb, 1994., str. 7-10.

269

: , ,

270

453


.
,
.
,
,

,
,
, . ,
: Higinsa, Aklia, Soloua, Pikoka, oua,

, , , .,
. , ,
,
. ,
, .: (1) . . : ()
, ()
(Paul Samuelson, Economics, N. York,
1970.); (2) "
(, , - );
( ,
( ) - Public Economics, Amsterdam, 1971. (3)
- An Introduction
to Macroeconomic Models, N. York, 1968.

454

Brouna, Masgrejva, Alena, Amsa, Johansena, Aulda, Kulboa, Lekajona, Gijoma,

Stolerija i dr.271
,272 , , Harod - Domarovog
,
. ,
.273 , ,
: (1)
( ,
)
; (2)
; (3)
A. Peacock - G. Show, The Economic Theory of Fiscal Policy, G. Allan and Unwin,
London 1971; R. Musgrave, Teorija javnih finansija, Beograd 1974; R. Solow, Theorie d
la croissance conomiques, Paris 1972; R. G. D. Allen, Theorie macroeconomiques, Paris
1969; P. Coulbois. La politique conjoncuturelle, Paris, 1971; B. Higins, Economic
Developement, N. York, 1968; G. Ackley, Mak-roeconomic Theory, New York, 1967; J.
Lcaillon, Analyse macroeconomique, Paris 1969; E. Ames, Introduction la
macroeconomic, Paris 1970; M. Guillaumc, Modeles economiques, Paris, 1971; L.
Stoleru, L'quilibre et la croissance conomiquc, Paris, 1973; L. Johansen, Public
economics, Amsterdam, 1971.

271

R. Solow, Growth Theory - An Exposition, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1970.

strane 2, 3, 77 i 110.

272

: M.K. Evans, macroeconomic Activity, New York 1969; H.S.

Dye, J.R. Moore, J.F. Holly, Economics, principles, problems, Perspectives, Boston 1963;
G.L. Bach, Economics An Introduction to Analysis and Policy, New York, 1968; R. W.
Houghton, Public Finace, Penguin Ed., 1973.

273

455

 (4)
.274
1:

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,
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,
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,
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, .
, , ,
.
, ,
, .

,

, , ,
, , , - - .

274

456

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. 3, 4
n , , .
.
, : (1)
; (2)
; (3) - ,
(4)
n .
,
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457

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, : ; .

.
,
( )
() .
, ,
5 ,
. , ,
. , . ,
.275
1.1.

, ,
output-,
. :
Say- ;
;
; -

Chiang A.C., Osnovne metode matematike ekonomije, III izdanje, MATE, Zagreb,
1994., . 5-10.

275

458

 input-, . ,
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,

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: ,
.276
,
: (1) ,
; (2) ; (3)
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.

.
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276

., , , 1974., . 30-31, 70-71, 79 441.

459

 .

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, : (1) 460

 e; (2)
II ; (3)
; (4) (5)
.
,
, , .277

.278
Klasian model rasta

Marksov model rasta

T = T(I)

T = T(I)

Q =f(L,Z,K,T)
I = dK = I(R)
R = R(T,L)
L = L(W)

W = W(I)

Q=R+W

Q =f(L,Z,K,T)
I=I(R)

R' = R/K

W = W(L)

L = L (I/K)
C = C(W)

., , ,
, , 1971.,.110-112.

277

Higginsa,
Jurkovia, Ackly-a i Solow-a.

278

461

W = wL

R = R(W/K,T,C)

M = vpY

Q= C + I

Y = Y(L)

Q=R+W

:
Q - ; C ; L -
; K - ; T - ; I ; R - ; W - ; R' - ; Z ; w - ; Y -
; M - ; y - (
); R - .
2: -

. ,
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- .

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,

.
462

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;
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; . . , x , - .
, Adam Smith, Rikardo Mill - -
. , ,

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: .
, - -
.
,

463

 ;
.

.
XX . Das Kapital,
,
. .
- ;
.
,

. ,
.279
1.2. Keynes-

Keynes- , .
XX Keynes

. ynes

, , .
, , ,
. ynes- : (1)
ire o Marksovom modelu videti: Samuelson P.A., Ekonomska itanka, Matica
Hrvatska, tamparski zavod Ognjen Prica, 1975., str.562-594.

279

464

 (2) .
Keynes ,
() . ynes- .280 ynes- Gardneru Akli-281
(MEC),
(MEI)
.
, ynes
. ,

, . . , ,
, . . , ,
.
, ,
,
. , ,

: (1) Y = C + I; (2) Y = Y (L) ;

(3) dY/dL=W/p; (4) W = W0; (5) S = S(Y);(6) I = I (r); (7) S = I;(8)M = vPY -Mt :
Y - ; S - ; v- ; L ; g - ; W - ; I ; w -
; p - ; M - .

280

281

Ackley G., Macroeconomic Theory, Collier - Mc Milan, New York, 1968. st. 509.

465

 ,
.282
New Deal-,
: (1) ; (2) ;
(3) ; (4) ; (5) ;
(6) ; (7) ,
, . , - ,
, , ,

.
1.3. A. Hansen-

( y). : ()
(L), ; () (Ig) () (Ia), . . - - :

dS dt

dY dY

Ig Ia

.
-
Ig, .283
output- :

282

., , , 1974., . 89.

283

Hansen A., Introduction la pense kevnsienne, Paris, 1973. st. 30-41.

466

Y = (A-A1) + (G' + B'- G)

:
A - ; A1 - ; A-A1 - ; G' + B' + G* - ; G - ; G* - G - . (y): +(A-A1)(G-G*)+C+I;
: (G),
( ) ,
.
j :
1) Y + C + I + G
2) C+((l-s)x((1-t))Y
3) dY

1
dI dG
1 1 s 1 t

, ,
, ,
, . . , . ,
,
. , ,
y- .

, . Harod-Domar-, y .
1.4. Harod-Domar-

:
, , ,
.
,
. Harod-Domar-
467

. ,
.284

:285
s=nv
:
s - e; n - ; v - (/Y).

q=Q/l y/l produktivnosti ili nacionalni dohodak po radniku: c=k/l - tehnika
opremljenost rada; l =L/Q koeficijent ivog rada.
:286
I. . e
: (1) g = n + p, p - ; (2) g v = s i (3) gv = Vrs
gv - , Vrs -
i s -
.287

., I, ,
, , 1971., . 117-118.

284

., , Naprijed, Ognjen Prica, Zagreb,

1976., str. 102-104.

285

A. Peacack and G.K. Show, The Economics Theory of Fiseal Policy, G. Allen George
and Unwin, London, 1971. st 9899.

286

., ,
, , 1976., . 204-224

287

468

II. - -
( ). :
(1) Yd = l/s i (2) Ys = K/v
: Yd=Y =l/s =K/v
: g = s/v;
:

dl
s
d
dY
s
dl
Y d l dl
d
Y
s
v
s

, :
:
g = s/ v ili g v = s.
, - ,

. ,

.
, , -- :288

Ync O I n1 pGn1

: Yn - ; n ; p - - ; c - , . .
., , 1 . 5494., .

288

469

 j , : Ycn OI n 1 pGn 1 ;

: Ctm 1 s 1 t Yt m : Gtm gYt m
,
: Ctm 1 s 1 t Yt m : Gtm gYt m .
, , .
, :

dYt c dYt m dYt r

: ( dYt c )

( dYt m ),
( dYt r ), :

dI tm
OI t 1 pGt 1
s 1 t t g

dYt m
:

dI tm
Yt m1 s 1 t t g

dYt m oI t 1 opGt 1
m
Yt m1
Yt 1
Yt m1

(2)

(1)

dI tm
s1 t t g ,

Yt m1

Gt 1
g ;
Yt m

Gt 1
s 1 t t g
Yt m

(3) s, g i t, :
470

dYt m dI tm
R m m t s 1 t g 1 P
Yt 1
I t 1
r
t

: R - , ;289 Yt m - ; Ctm - ; I tm - ; Gtm ; s - ; t - ; g - ; o

- -; p -
.
1.5. Peacock-Show-

290 :

Ynm Cnm I nm Gnm

Cnm bYnm 1 t y
ty

Tnm
Ynm

I nm I nm1 I n m

Gnm gYnm ,

: Ynm - ( ); C nm -

; I nm - ; Gnm - ; n - ;
U matematikoj formalizaciji Harod-Domara, Pikoka, ova i Masgrejva, postoji identitet
u jednainama, simbolizaciji, kao i u sinhronizaciji komponenata; s tim to je donekle
promenjena notacija, tako se javlaju sledei simboli: s = = a; y = p; Yr = Ym; Yc = Y;
ty = t; s = 1 b; itd.

289

290

A. Peacack - G.K. Show, op. cit., str. 97-100.

471

m - ; ty - ; Tnm -
( ); b - (b = 1 - s); s
- g - Y.
, ,
:

Ynm

I n m
1 b bt y g

- , :

Ynm

( I nm
.
1 b bt y g

-- :

Ync oI n 1 pGn 1

Ync Ynm
Peacock- Show- --.
. :
Ync Ynm oI n 1 pGn 1
Yn-1 :

I n 1

472

Ynm1

pGn 1
Ynm1

Ynm1

( I nm
.
1 b bt y g

( I nm 1 b bt y g
Ynm1

I nm1
1 b bt y g

Gn1
I nm1
g ; m b bt y g .
Ynm1
Yn1

( I nm
1 b bt y g
o1 b bt y g pg
I nm1
1 b bt y g

: o 1 b bt y g pg I nm I nm1 -

: Ynr

Ynm
I nm I nm1 o1 b bt y g pg ; :
Ynm1

Ynr o 1 b1 t y g 1 p

: b=1-s, : Ynr o t y s 1 t y g 1 p ,

-- -- ( ty = t).
, . .
:

.
.291
- -
:
(t), (p)
291

Horvat B., Ekonomska politika stabilizacije,, op. cit., str. 102-105.

473

 (g).
,
()
, ,
. , .
: I tm b1 t Yt m1 :

Yt m Ctm I tm Gtm : Ctm 1 s 1 t Yt m Gtm gYt m ;

m
Yt m 1 s 1 t Yt m b1 t Yt 1
gYt m .

y-1,
1 () :

Yt m 1 1 s 1 t b1 t Yt m

Yt
b1 t
1
m
Yt 1
1 1 s 1 t g .
m

Yt m Yt m1 b1 t t s st g b bt t s st g

Yt m1
t s st g
s 1 t t g
: Yt s

b s 1 t g t
s 1 t t g

,
. :

Yt b s 1 s 1 t t g b s 1 t g t s 1

t
s1 t t g 2

474

Yt
b1 t

t s 1 t t g 2

(t) i (g).292
, (
), . ,
, -
.

.293
1.6. Musgrave-

, , , y
. , ,

. ,
Yn0 Yn01Yn0 po Musgrave- - :

(Yn0 S I n 1 yGn 1

s , y G 292

Musgrave R.A., The Theory of Public Finance, New York 1959. st. 484-497.

Foley D., Shell K.and Sidrauski M., Optimal Fiscal-Monetary Policy and Economic
Growth, Journal of Political Economy, juli-avgust 1969; Andic S.and Peacock A., Fiscal
Surveys and Economic Development, Kyklos 4/66 i Hart A.G., Fiscal Policy in Latin
America, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 78., juliavgust 1970.

293

475

e . Musgrave294
:

Yn0 Cn I n Gn

Cn 1 a 1 t Yn0
Gn gYn0

: Yn

(1 t t g
(I n
I

,
(
) , .295
, : Yn0 (Ynr .

Yn0 i Ynr
--, :

I n 1 YgYnr1
(I

S 1 t t g

a, g, t;
:

Rr

I nr
Ynr

S t " (" 1 t g 1 Y
I nr1 Ynr1

294

R. Musgrave, , , , 1974., . 397.

295

(In .

476

 Rr - , .
. :296
(1) Rr g t y.
(2) Rr g - y.
(3) Rr y = I.
(4) Rr g y = I
(5) Rr t y.
. : t, g
y;
.

.
,

, - :

Yne Cn I n Gn

Cn 1 a Yne Tn
Gn gYne

Tn tYne
:

I n b Yne I Tn

Yne 1 a 1 t Yne b1 t Yne gYne

.

:297
296

R. Musgrave, . ., . 401.

477

Yne Yne1 b c 1 t g t
R

c1 t t g
Yne1
e

, Re Rr
Re / Rr.
Re g t,
Rr g t. Re Rr.
, Re Rr t g, , :

R r
b g 1

0
t
(1 t t g 2

R e
b g 1

0
g (1 t t g 2

Veliina Re t ( t >g), g ( t < g). Re t (

y > a), g ( y < a). , ,
, g t,
y, .298

297

.
298

R. Musgrave, . ., . 401-403.

478

Yne

Yn 1e

t s1 t t g 2 1 y b1 t

R sb1 c 1 t 1 y 1 g
t s1 t t g 2 1 c b1 t

R sb1 a 1 t 1 y 1 g

g t,
:
(1-)(1-t)+(1-y)g<1,
:
Rr= s[t + a(1-t) - g(l-y)]

Re

b c 1 t g t
1 t t g

Rr=Re

,
.
1.7.

:299 (1)
, ; (2) ,
; (3) . ; (4) , ,
: A. Peacock and G.K. Show, The
Economic Theory od Fiscal Policy, London, 1971; B. Higgins, Economic Development,
New York, 1970; Dr Lj. Madar, Optimizacija u teoriji proizvodnje i privrednog rasta,
Savremena administracija, Beograd, 1973.

299

479

 (
); (5)
(6) ( ) () .300

:
s = S/y = I/Y
I = s = c = C/y
I = sY = dK/dn = K
Y = E(K,N)

N n N 0 en

K = sY = sE(K,N) = sE(K,
N/N=
r =K/N, Ir=N/K

rr

N 0 en

sE K , N
r sE N
r ;

K
s K N

sE(/N) N :

K N
sNE , ,
N N r ; r r sNE r ,1 r
rr
K
K

N/K = I/r, : r = sE(r,1) - r

: K - ; N - ; - ; r -
/ ( ); s - ;
c .
A. Peacock and G.K. Show, The Economic Theory od Fiscal Policy, London, 1971.,
str.101-105.

300

480

 : Q = F(K, L),
Q = Y L = N, E(r,1) ,301
; sE(r,1)
- . ,
( /)
, (output-)
.
E (r,1), per capita (per capita ), 2.,
: () per capita Oa; () per capita
AZ; () per capita ZT () . s ,
, ,
output-.302
,
(q)
(r),
() ().
r = r ,303 p
=(). , ,
,
, .
.
,
: S = I = sY; : S = I = sY (1 - ly) + tyY.
301

Produktivnost rada jednaka je: q = Q/L ili Y/N .

302

A. Peacock and G.K. Show, .., . .

303

Allen, op. cit., str. 214215 i Madar, .., . 190.

481

 , . :
S = I = sY(l-ty)+ptyY.
p - ,
.
,
, . ,


( . , , , , .304

2:

304

Peacock A.and G. K. Show, . . 105107.

482

 E(r,1) , , sE(r,1)
, .
r = sE(r,1) r :
/ - (r), . ; .305 s i r < 0,
r = 0.
E(r,1) per capita : per capita.
:

dE r ,1
d 2 E r ,1
0
0,
dr
d 2r

2. per capita (OA) per

capita AZ, ZT,
AT. Se
S'c
X, = . U
. per capita (OA)
output-
(). X per capita 306 .307
per capita
305

Jurkovi P., op. cit. st. 7981.

306

,
.

307

483

 . ,
( vacances fiseales)
, . ,
.
, sE (r, 1) - r = 0,
: Cc = Sc = E(r, 1).308 , per capita
output-. ,
.309
-, :

, per capita ,
per capita . per capita
;
per capita , E(r, 1) = E' ().310 ,
,
. , , , Solow . , , . : ty - ; K/L = Yc -
: C/L = Cc - per capita ; S/L = Sc - per capita ; K/L = Ko
.

308

309

Peacock-Show, .., .109.

310

: E" (r,1) - E" () < 0.

484

 , ,
, .311
Yc

Yc=E(r,1)
Z

X
T
O

Sc=sE(r,1)
Sc=sE(r,1)
Kc

3: -w-
per capita

,
, ,

. , 311

A. Peacock - G.K. Shaw, . , 96-112.

485

,
( ).312
.313
, , X. ,
, ,
.
, . ,

,
.46

,

: Q=F (K,L), tj. Cobb-Douglas- .
Cobb-Douglas-

312

dQ 1 dF dK 1 dL dl 1 dF 1

dt Q dK dt Q dl dt Q dt Q

, , . ,
,
. ., I,
, , , 1971., . 65-71.
Peacock-u i Show-u (strana 109) : Y = E(g,1) -sE(r,1) +
[sE(r,1) - r], Lagrange-ov .
r, s i .

313

486

 ,
. ,
.
,

() . , ( ), , .
2.

2.1. Musgrave-

: , . ,
.
. , ,
.
,

.
( ,
) ,
, :
Ync Ync Ync1 : Ync s I n1 Gn1 ,

: s -

487

;314 - deo dravnih rashoda G, koji odlaze na investicije za poveanje

kapaciteta.
, Musgrave
:315

Yne Cn I n Gn

Cn 1 1 t Yne

I n b Yne1 Tn1

Gn gYne

Tn tYne

Yne

1
I n
1 t t g

, Ync
g t. :

Ync Ync Ynr

Ova pretpostavka slina je pretpostavkama Smitha, Garleya i Browna (Warren L. Smith,

Monetary-Fiscal Po1icy and Economic Gowth, Quarterly journal of Eonomics, br. 1. od
1975., str. 36-55; J.G. Gurley, Fiscal Policy in a Growing Economy, Journal of Political
Econmy, br. 6 od l953., str. 523-535. E. Cary Brown, Fiscal Policy in a Growing,
Economy, A Further Word, Journal of Political: Economiy, br. 2od 1956., str. 170-172.

314

315

R. Musgrave, Teorija javnih finansija, Nauna knjiga, Beograd, l973.god.,str. 397-403.

488

, : Ync ( ) -

Ynr
Ync .
a, g, t;

:

Rr

I nr
Ynr

st 1 t g 1
I nr1 Ynr1

, t, g,
, , .
:

R r
s 1 0;
t

R
s 1
g
r

R
sg 0;

<0 za <1
= 0 za =1

Rr g i sa poveanjem t ili . , Rr , g, . 316

: I - , G - , C -
, b - , t - , g - G Y, T , Y - .

316

489

 g Rr =1, , .
, g =1, Rr ,
, .
, t, , Rr, , .
t = g; - -

I nr
Ynr
R r r st 1 t g 1
I n1 Yn1
r

Rr

I nr
Ynr

s g
I nr1 Ynr1

R r
C , > 0 za < ; = 0 za = ; < 0 za > .
g

, > Rr , g. Ali, ako je

= ; Rr . , <
Rr .
, ,
:

Ync Cn I n Gn

Cn 1 Ync Tn

Tn tY

c
n

Gn gYnc

I n b Ync1 Tn1

490


.
n-tom
:

Ync 1 1 t Ync b1 t Ync1 gYnc

,
. ,
Ync Ync1 , Musgrave ,
:

Ync Ync1 b a 1 t g t
R

1 t t g
Ync1
e

: Re Rr;
Re Rr.

Re /
Rr. Re g t.
,
, : t g ;
.
, Re i Rr tg
:

R e
b g 1
0;
t 1 t t g 2

R e
b g t
0.
g 1 t t g 2

, t>g, Re
t, g t< g. , < i t<g,
t

491

g. , Rr, Re.
> t>g. Musgrave
g. , ,
, ,

, . , Musgrave , :
, g t, , output-:317

t
s 1 t t g 1 Y b1 t

r
R
sb1 1 t 1 Y 1 g
2

g
s 1 t t g 1 b1 g

r
R
sb1 1 t 1 Y 1 g
2

: s - , Rr
output-a.
, Musgrave , .
2.2. Johansen-

. : 318

317

Musgrave, , , 1973., . 397-403.

318

Johansen Leif, Public Economics, North-Holand, Amsterdam, 1971., . .27-75.

492

R = Cp+ Ip+ G,
Cp = L - TL
L = gR
Ip = l (R-L-Tg) + k;
: R - ; Cp - ; Ip -
; G - ; L ; TL ; Tg - ; g, l , k .
Johansen R, Cp, Ip i Kp.
:

1
G TL hTB k , Kp= gR-TL.
1 g 1 h

Cp

gh 1 h
gh
g
TL
TB
G K
1 g 1 h
1 g 1 h
1 g 1 h

Ip

h
h
k
TL TB
G
1 h
1 h
1 h

: () TL = hTB; () Cp = hTB; () Ip = - hTB.

.
R, Cp, Ip M-0, , :
R Cp Ip G

C p f R T f R *
I p g r

M h R , r

M M0 G F I H H0

493

 : R - ; F - ; M-M0 - ; H H0 - . : C = Cp + Co; : I= Ip + Io;

: S = Sp+ So ; ,
R * R *p R0* T ; (G = Co +I0).319

:

S p R *p C p R T C p ,
S 0 R0* C0 T C0 ,

S S p S 0 R C p C0 R C ,
I p S p T G B A,
I 0 S 0 G T ,

I I p I 0 S p T G B A S 0 G T
2.3. Auld-

, :320
C = C + b (Y-T)

: Cp - ; Co - ;
Ip - ; Io ; Sp- ;

319

So - ; I - =

R0* .

Auld D.A.L., Multiplier Analysis and the Complementarity of Government Expenditures, Finanzarhiv, Band 32., Hoft 3., 1974., . 404-468.

320

494

I = I + eY
G=Gi+Gc

b
G c v
Y T

Gi=s x I
T = T + tY.
: Y Y/I.
-
, :

1
C I 1 s G bT 1 v
1 b1 t 1 v e1 s

Y
1 s

I 1 b1 t 1 v e1 s ; : Gc+Gi=G Gi=sI

( ),
Y i G;
Y :
- :

Y
1

G 1 b1 t 1 v e1 s
Y
b1 v

; za T T tY
T 1 b1 t 1 v e1 s

-
, .321
: C - , C -
, Y - , - , I

321

495

3. K

, , ,
,
, . Gehrels-a, Stoleru-a, Musgrave-a, Kogiku-a Ames-a

.
Gehrels-a
: - ;
. , ,
.

. D
:322

R
bR

D Rz 1 a b

, G - , G -
, Gc - , Gi -
, b - , v - Gc C, S - Gi I, -
, t - .
Brochier H., P. Llau, ch-A. Mishalet, Economie finansire, P.U.F. Pariz, 1975, . 260161.

322

496

 : a , b , R , D .
Stoleru-a
( )
(Harrord). Y (1 g) + D
S s [(Y(1 - g) + D],
:

I SD
D D
Y

s 1 g
K
K
K K
K

D D
Y
n s 1 g
K K
K

D
K s 1 g

n
Y 1 s K
.

K
() ()
1 s

.323
Model Musgrave-a . g > t,

, : y , s , D
(), I , K , R , g
, s , n
(L. Stoleru, . . . 506-509).

323

497

 , ,
.

. g t
. t ,
. g:
Yrn = Cn + In + Gn
Gn = (1-) (1-t) Yn + w (On + An)
Gn = gYrn
An =

1 r
Yn
s

0n = 0 +(g - t)

Y
n 1

N 0

Y rn = Y n 1 + s In 1

: 0 - , 0n n, A
, , t , g
.324

.
. ,
:
Ye = Cn + In + Gn
Cn = (1 ) (1 t) Y en + w (0n + An)
Gn = gY e
An =

324

Musgrave R., ... 451-452.

498

1 e
Yn
j

0n = 0 + (g + t)

N n 1
N 0

Y rn
e

Dn = d0n
Mn = 0n - Dn
In = b (1 - t)(Yn 1 + uM - qDn)
:

Yne

b1 b
Yne 1
1 g 1 t w / j

w u 1 d qd 0 g t Yn e
1 g 1 t w / j

N n 1
N 0

: D , M , d .
,
:325

Y = G (Y - G) + I [L (M -

1
Y] + G
v

dM Ma1 c y G 1

dY
I i
v

: Ma , Mt
, v , L
.
Y
, ,
.

325

Musgrave R., . ., . 443-444.

499

 ,
( ,
) : 1)
= ; 2)

Pa = + Pa; 3)
, ,
La, = + Pa + La; 4)
+ Pa + La Q,
= + Pa + La + Q.
, , (),
, .
326 .
Y, g
Y, ,
D, Dt t :

Y(0)gt.

D(t) = D(0) + Y (t) d,

0

Y(t) =
.
:
D(t) = D(0) =

Y 0 e' gt 1
g

D t
D t
1 e' gt

Y t Y o e gt
g

Kogiku K. C., Interduction aux modles macroconomiques, Ed. Sirey, 1971, . 171173.

326

500

 lim (t )

Dt
( je t ).
Y t g

, r
,
Y(t) rD(t).
:

rDt
r

,
Y t rDt Y t / Dt r

, g. ,

I = So + s ( Y - T) + bi
I = I o ki
I+G=S+T
( : S , s , T , I
, G , i , b i k
, So i
Io , Y ) (G=T)
:
I / T = - ks / (b + k),
s
b k. (j ), . b = 0

I
s.
T

,
(G=L),

I
k / b k .
L

501

 , b k, s . ,

1/s
.

. Edward Ames327 : (1)
, (2) .
G,
I C.
T ( ),
G- G > . , :
< G, / .
G, , :
[G = M i Y = KG = (

) G],

s = Y, :
S = G = . , t 0, . S I. :

S =Y
Y = K' G = 1/(+t)

327

S / t G

Ames E., Introduction la macroconomic, P.U.F. Coll. SUP, Paris, 1970, . 71-169.

502

, S<G S<, .

(
). , , G - S
,

S - G = G [1 - /(+t)],

:
S - G = G = [1 t/ (+t)] = K' t G.
G = h
l' impasse budgtaire,328 onda su G = h za T = 0, G = h za konstantno t i
T= - h za G= 0 reprezentante razliitih efekata finansiranja budetskog deficita.
, G =h = 0,

Y1 = h/(1 - c) C1 = sh /(1 - c).

, , 329 , 328

Stoleru Lionel, L'quilbre et la croissance conomique, Dunod, Paris, 1973, . 158-173.

, 1964.
19% 20% 14% 17%
30% 52% 22% 48%. 9,5 $
2 . ,
5%
1964. 2% 1965. ,
5,7% 4,5%. -, . x-
2,7% (70%
30% ).
,
- ,
18 .

329

503

 . , G = h t,
Y2 = h/(1 - c) (1 t), C2 = ch/(1 - c), G2 = H [1 + 1/(1
- c) (1 t)] 2 = th/(1 - c) (1 - t). ,
.
, h,
. , ,
t=-h G = 0, Y3 = ch/ (1 - c) 3 = ch/ (1 c). ,
l' impasse- ,

. , , , 1964. , , , .

, . ,
. , Dr
:
Dr = ND (1 - drs) + Dz
= [ND (1 - drs) + Dz],
, rp
:
rp = I ( - Dz) Kd = /ND
rp = I/Kd = ( - Dz)/Kd = [(ND/Kd) (1 - drs) + Dz/Kd] Dz/Kd,
: NS , drs , Kd , I
.
:
Dz/ND = Kd/(1 - ) {[ (1 - drs) /Kd] - re},
re .
504

 : ,
, . ,
G. ,

: G .
G
. . .
,
.
R :
R = pY T pY (G - M),
p Y . h = G/pY
,
:
R = (1 - h) pY +M - p/p = M.
, ,
, :
R = (1 h) pY + M - p/p = M.

:

R
(1 h)Y M / p p / p M / p (1 h)Y M / pM / M p / p .
p

(/p) [/-p/p] = /p
,
:
R/p = (1 - h) Y + (M/p).

505

 ,
: , . , . ,
C 1 s :

C = (1-s) [(1 h) Y + (M/p)].

,

(I = ), hY.
:
Y = (1 s) [ (1 - h) Y + (M/p) ] + hY + I ,
:
I = Y - { (1 s) [ (1 - h) Y + (M/p) ] + hY},
:
I = (1 - h) sY ((1 s) (M/p)).

,
: (1)
(G = = 0), (1 - h)sY
s; (2)
(G 0), ,
.

506

FP

VR

Ru

P
N

R0

Vr

MP

5:

: ., ,
, . 4/75, , . 543.

5. Vr
( ), Ru .

. ( Ro L)
( I),
.
507

 . ,
,
:
(1) ;
(2) ;
(3) ;
(4) .
,
. ,
:
(1) ;
(2) ;
(3) .
, , .
,
. , .
,
, , . : ()
; ()
()
, / .
,
, ;

.
, C,
,
D
.
508

, ,
.

.
,
.
,
,

, , .

,
:
Higinsa, Aklia, Soloua, Pikoka, oua, Brouna, Masgrejva, Alena, Amsa, Johansena, Aulda, Kulboa, Lekajona, Gijoma, Stolerija . , . ,
,
.
.
.
.
, Keynes
. ,
,
. . ,
, ,
.
. , , .
509

Hansen : (a) (L), koje ; (b) (Ig) (c) (Ia),

. .
Hansen-a
Ig, .
Harod-Domar- ( dYt c )
( dYt m ),

( dYt r ). , Harod-Domar- , ,
.
Pikok-ou-
, . .
.

.
Harod-Domar- Pikok-ou-
:
(t); (p) (g).
,
()
, , . , .
, , Masgrejv - .
510

 ,
.
: (1) ; (2)
,
; (3) .
; (4)
, , ( ); (5)
(6) - ( )
.
,
, ,

.
,
,

( ).

, , ,
,
, . Gehrels-a, Stoleru-a, Musgrave-a, Kogiku-a Ames-a

.
,
. ,

.
: , , , , , , ,
, , , , 511

 , , , , , , .

512

(1) ?
(2) HarodDomar- Pikok-ou- ?
(3) ?
(4) ?
(5) Keynes- .
(6) Masgrejv-
?
(7) ?
(8) ?
(9)
?

513

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
(16)
514

) -

Ackerman, Reagonomics, Rhetoric us Reality, Pluto Press, London, 1982.

Ackley G., Macroeconomic Theory, Collier - Mc Milan, New York, 1968.
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525