ventilatter

A ventilator (also known as a respirator) is a machine designed to

mechanically move air in and out of the lungs to intermittently or
continuously assist, or control pulmonary ventilation. It is a
compressible air reservoir, air and oxygen supply, a set of valves and
tubes, and a disposable or reusable patient circuit. The air reservoir is
pneumatically compressed several times a minute to deliver room-air
or in most cases an air/oxygen mixture. When overpressure is
released, the patient exhales passively due to the lungs elasticity, the
exhaled air being released usually through a one-way valve within the
patient circuit. The oxygen content of the inspired gas can be set from
21 percent (ambient air) to 100 percent (pure oxygen).
block diagram
MCU/MPU microcontroller /processors
Mechanical ventilation is also called positive pressure ventilation.
Following an inspiratory trigger, a predetermined mixture of air (ie,
oxygen and other gases) is forced into the central airways and then
flows into the alveoli. As the lungs inflate, the intraalveolar pressure
increases. A termination signal eventually causes the ventilator to
stop forcing air into the central airways and the central airway
pressure decreases. Expiration follows passively, with air flowing from
the higher pressure alveoli to the lower pressure central airways.
INDICATIONS
Mechanical ventilation can fully or partially replace spontaneous
breathing. It is indicated for acute or chronic respiratory failure, which
is defined as insufficient oxygenation, insufficient alveolar ventilation,
or both.
Mechanical ventilation should be considered early in the course of
illness and should not be delayed until the need becomes emergent.
Physiologic derangements and clinical findings can be helpful in
assessing the severity of illness. However, the decision to initiate
mechanical ventilation should be based upon clinical judgment that
considers the entire clinical situation.

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