Address Space 32 bit IPV4

111111
11

111111
11

111111
11

111111
11

Address Grid

28 2=254

27 2=126

26-2=62

25-2=30

24-2=14

23-2=6

22-2=2

21-2=0

128

64

32

16

1=
128/25

1=192/2
6

1=224/2
7

1=240/2
8

1=248/2
9

1=252/3
0

1=254/3
2

1=255

Step 1 Draw Grid

Step 2 Count on fingers by 2 from 2 (2,4,8,16,32,64,128,256)
Step3 2n-2

Step4 Can I draw the line here?

Step5 Magic number sequence (bit * wire number)

128

64

32

16

1xN

1
128

1 64

1 32

1 16

18

14

12

11

2xN

2
256

2
128

2 64

2 32

2 16

28

24

22

3xN

3
192

3 96

3 48

3 24

3 12

36

33

4xN

4
256

4 128

4 64

4 32

4 16

48

44

5xN

5 160

5 80

5 40

5 20

5 10

55

6xN

6 192

6 96

6 48

6 24

6 12

66

7xN

7 224

7 112

7 56

7 28

7 14

77

8 256

Up to
16

Up to
32

Up to
64

Up to
128

Up to
256?

Class

IP Range

Subnet

Private Address Range

Class A

1 126

255.0.0.0

10.0.0.0
10.255.255.255.255

Class B

128 191

255.255.0.0

172.16.0.0
172.31.255.255

Class C

192 223

255.255.255.
0

192.168.0.0
192.168.255.255

Class D

224 239

Multicast

Class E

240 255

Experimental

OSI Model

TCP/IP Model

TCP/IP Protocols

Application

HTTP, SMTP, POP3

Transport

Transport (TCP/UDP

TCP, UDP

Network

Internet (IP)

IP

Data Link

Network Access Layer

(Ethernet/FDDI)

Ethernet, Frame-Relay, PPP

Application
Presentation
Session

Physical