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(MATH-EDUCARE) - Bai Tap Xac Suat Thong Ke - Nguyen Trung Dong
(MATH-EDUCARE) - Bai Tap Xac Suat Thong Ke - Nguyen Trung Dong
COM
Bi tp
XC SUT THNG K
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{(x, y ) / x X y Y } , ta c
X Y = X Y
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n!
(n k ) !
b. Chnh hp lp
nh ngha: Chnh hp lp chp k t n phn t l mt b c k th t gm k phn t
khng cn khc nhau ly t n phn t cho.
S chnh hp lp: S chnh hp lp chp k t n phn t k, hiu l : Ank
Cng thc tnh: Ank = n k
c. Hon v
nh ngha: Mt hon v t n phn t l mt b c k th t gm n phn t khc nhau
cho.
S hon v: S hon v t n phn t, k hiu l Pn
Cng thc tnh:
Pn = n ! = (n 1)(n 2)...(1)
d. T hp
nh ngha: Mt t hp chp k t n phn t l mt tp con gm k phn t ly t n
phn t.
S t hp : S t hp chp k t n phn t k hiu l :C nk
Cng thc tnh:
C nk =
n!
k ! (n k ) !
2
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e. Nh thc Newton
n
(a + b)n = C nka n kb k
k =0
n
(1 + x )n = C nk x k
k =0
Bi tp mu
Bi 1. m chung kt hoa khi sinh vin thnh ph c 12 th sinh, chn 3 th sinh trao gii:
Hoa khi, khi 1, khi 2. C bao nhiu cch chn ?
Gii
Nhn xt: th sinh c trao gii, c chn t 12 th sinh, v c th t (A, B, C cng
c trao gii, nhng trng hp A l hoa khi, khc trng hp B l hoa khi).
Suy ra mi cch chn l mt chnh hp chp 3 t 12 phn t.
3
Vy s cch chn l: A12
= 12.11.10 = 1320 .
Bi 2. Gi s c mt v thn c quyn phn pht ngy sinh cho con ngi, c bao nhiu cch
phn b ngy sinh cho 10 em b ra i trong nm 1999 ti 1 khu tp th ca cng nhn vin
chc.
Gii
Nhn xt: Mi ngy sinh ca mt em b l 1 trong 365 ngy ca nm 1999, nn cc
ngy sinh c th trng nhau.
Suy ra mi cch phn b 10 ngy sinh l mt chnh hp lp chp 10 t 365 phn t.
10
Vy s cch phn b ngy sinh l: A 10
365 = 365
Bi 3. c 3 b sch:
Ton cao cp C
: 6 tp,
Kinh t quc t
: 2 tp,
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Ton cao cp C
Kinh t lng
: 2!
Xc sut thng k
: 3!
20!
= 190 trn
2!18!
A 220 =
20!
= 380 trn
18!
Bi tp rn luyn
Bi 1. Trong mt lp gm 30 sinh vin, cn chn ra ba sinh vin lm lp trng, lp ph
v th qu. Hi c tt c bao nhiu cch bu chn ?
Bi 2. C bao nhiu cch xp 10 ngi ngi thnh hng ngang sao cho A v B ngi cnh
nhau.
4
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Bi 3. Mt hp ng 6 bi trng v 4 bi en.
a) C tt c bao nhiu cch ly ra 5 bi ?
b) C bao nhiu cch ly ra 5 bi trong c 2 bi trng ?
Bi 4. Trong mt nhm ng vin gm 7 nam v 3 n,
a) c bao nhiu cch thnh lp mt y ban gm 3 ngi ?
b) c bao nhiu cch thnh lp mt y ban gm 3 ngi trong c ng 1 n ?
c) c bao nhiu cch thnh lp mt y ban gm 3 ngi trong c t nht 1 n ?
Bi 5. Cho cc ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Hi t cc ch s ny:
a) Lp c bao nhiu s c 4 ch s khc nhau trong nht thit c mt ch s 5?
b) Lp c bao nhiu s c 7 ch s trong ch s 5 c mt ng 3 ln cn cc ch s
khc c mt khng qu mt ln?
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c) Vi A, B l hai bin c bt k, ta c
P ( A + B ) = P(A) + P(B) P(AB) .
d) P(A) = 1 P(A)
1.1.3. Xc sut c iu kin
Xc sut bin c A xy ra khi bit bin c B xy ra
P ( A B) =
P(AB)
P(B)
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P(AB) = P(A)P(B) .
) (
( ) ( )
( )
P A i1 A i2 ...A ik = P A i1 P A i2 ...P A ik .
P ( Bk | A ) =
P ( A |Bk ) P ( Bk )
P (A)
k = 1, 2, ..., n .
P ( X = k ) = Cnk p k (1 p)n k ,
k = 0,1, 2,.., n
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Gii
Ta c
P ( A + B + C ) = P ( A + B ) + C = P(A + B) + P(C) P [ (A + B)C] ,
P(A + B) = P(A) + P(B) P(AB) ,
nn
P ( A + B + C ) = P(A) + P(B) + P(C) P(AB) P(AC) P(BC) + P(ABC).
1
3
1
3
v P(A + B) = .
2
4
ta suy ra
P(AB) = P(A) + P(B) P(A + B) =
1
.
12
Do AB = A + B , nn
( )
P AB = P A + B = 1 P ( A + B ) =
1
.
4
Tng t, v A + B = AB ta suy ra
P A + B = 1 P ( AB ) =
11
.
12
( )
P(A) = P ( AB ) + P AB v do
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( )
P AB = P(A) P ( AB ) =
1
.
4
Tng t, ta c
( )
P AB = P(B) P ( AB ) =
5
.
12
b) Bin c nhn c ngi khng b bnh tim cng khng b bnh huyt p l A.B ,
vi
P(A.B) = P(A + B) = 1 P(A + B) = 1 0,14 = 0, 86.
c) Bin c nhn c ngi khng b bnh tim hay khng b bnh huyt p l A + B ,
vi
P(A + B) = P(AB) = 1 P(AB) = 1 0, 07 = 0, 93.
d) Bin c nhn c ngi b bnh tim nhng khng b bnh huyt p l A.B , vi
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e) Bin c nhn c ngi khng b bnh tim nhng b bnh huyt p l A.B , vi
P(A.B) = P(B) P(AB) = 0,12 0, 07 = 0, 05.
Bi 4. Theo di d bo thi tit trn i truyn hnh (nng, sng m, ma) v so snh vi
thi tit thc t xy ra, ta c bng thng k sau
D bo
Nng Sng m
Ma
Thc t
Nng
30
Sng m
20
Ma
10
20
30 + 4 + 10
= 0, 44 .
100
10
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30
= 0, 682,
44
4
= 0, 091,
P B1 A =
44
10
P C1 A =
= 0, 227.
44
P A1 A =
1
9 1 9 8 1
3
+
+
=
= 0, 3.
10 10 9 10 9 8 10
Khi bit s cui cng l s l th khi cc s chn quay ch c(n gii hn li trong
5 trng hp (s l) nn cng thc trn tr thnh
P(A) =
1 4 1 4 3 1 3
+ + = = 0, 6 .
5 5 4 5 4 3 5
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Bi 6. C hai hp ng bi :
- Hp H1 ng 20 bi trong c 5 bi v 15 bi trng,
- Hp H2 ng 15 bi trong c 6 bi v 9 bi trng.
Ly mt bi hp H1 , b vo hp H2 , trn u ri ly ra mt bi. Tnh xc sut nhn
c bi ? bi trng ?
Gii
Xt cc bin c
A : Bi nhn c t hp H2 l bi ,
B : Bi t hp H1 b sang hp H2 l bi .
Do gi thuyt, ta c
P ( B) =
5
1
7
6
3
;P AB =
= ; P ( A B) =
= .
20 4
16
16 8
25
,
64
39
.
64
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Xt cc bin c
A : nhn c cp sinh i tht,
B : nhn c cp sinh i c cng gii tnh.
Do cc cp sinh i tht lun lun c cng gii tnh nn
P (B A ) = 1 ,
P B A = P B A = 0, 5 ,
( )
P ( B ) = 0, 3 + 0, 34 = 0, 64 v P B = 0, 36 .
( ) ( )
= P ( B A ) P ( A ) + P ( B A ) 1 P ( A )
= P ( B A ) + P ( B A ) P ( B A ) P ( A ) ,
P(B) = P ( B A ) P ( A ) + P B A P A
ta suy ra
P (A) =
P(B) P B A
P B A P B A
0, 64 0, 5
= 0, 28 .
1 0, 5
P AB =
P B A P(A)
P(B)
0, 28
= 0, 4375 .
0, 64
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P ( A ) = 0, 8 ; P A B = 0, 9 ; P A B = 0, 5 .
( ) ( )
= P ( A B ) P ( B ) + P ( A B ) 1 P ( B )
= P ( A B) + P ( A B) P ( A B ) P ( B) ,
P ( A ) = P ( A B) P ( B) + P A B P B
P (A) P A B
P A B P A B
0, 8 0, 5
= 0, 75 .
0, 9 0, 5
( )
) ( )
P AB + AB = P ( AB ) + P AB = P A B P ( B ) + P A B P B = 0, 7125.
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P(B1 ) =
60
40
= 0, 6 ; P(B2 ) =
= 0, 4 ;
100
100
P A B1 = 0, 9 ; P A B2 = 0, 85 .
P B1 A =
P A B1 P ( B1 )
P A B1 P ( B1 ) + P A B2 P ( B2 )
= 0, 614 .
P ( A ) = 0, 3 ; P B A = 0, 6 v P B A = 0, 3 .
P AB =
P B A P (A)
) ( )
P B A P (A) + P B A P A
0, 6 0, 3
= 0, 4615.
0, 6 0, 3 + 0, 3 0, 7
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P AB =
P B A P (A)
) ( )
P B A P (A) + P B A P A
0, 4 0, 3
= 0,1967.
0, 4 0, 3 + 0, 7 0, 7
( ) ( ) ( ).
P ( B ) = P A1 A 2 A 3 = P A1 P A 2 P A 3
= 0, 9 0, 95 0, 85 = 0, 7267.
16
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P ( X 1) = 1 P ( X = 0 )
= 1 C03 (0, 7)0 (1 0, 7)30
= 1 (0, 3)3 = 0, 973.
hay tng ng
(0, 3)n 0,1 .
ln(0.1)
1, 91 .
ln(0.3)
P ( X 1) = 1 P ( X = 0 )
= 1 C0n (0, 01)0 (1 0, 01)n 0 = 1 (0, 99)n .
17
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T , suy ra n > 298, 073 . Vy cn phi ly ra t nht 299 sn phm xc sut trong
c t nht mt sn phm hng ln hn 0, 95 .
Bi 14. Trong mt l thuc (rt nhiu) vi xc sut nhn c thuc hng l p = 0,1 . Ly
ngu nhin 3 l kim tra. Tnh xc sut
a) C 3 l u hng,
b) C 2 l hng v 1 l tt,
c) C 1 l hng v 2 l tt,
d) C 3 l u tt.
Gii
Gi X l s l hng trong 3 l ly ra kim tra. Ta c X B ( 3; 0,1) . Do xc sut
a) c 3 l u hng
P ( X = 3) = C33 (0,1)3 (1 0,1)0 = (0,1)3 = 0, 001 ,
b) c hai l hng v mt l tt
P ( X = 2 ) = C23 (0,1)2 (0, 9)32 = 3 0, 01 0, 9 = 0, 027 ,
c) c mt l hng v hai l tt
P ( X = 1) = C13 (0,1)1 (0, 9)31 = 3 0,1 0, 81 = 0, 243 ,
d) c 3 l u tt
P ( X = 0 ) = C03 (0,1)0 (1 0,1)3 = (0, 9)3 = 0, 729 .
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1.3. Bi tp rn luyn
Bi ton v biu din cc bin c.
Bi 1. Kim tra 3 sn phm. Gi A k l bin c sn phm th k tt. Hy trnh by cc cch
biu din qua A k v qua gin Venn cc bin c sau y :
A : tt c u xu,
B : c t nht mt sn phm xu,
C : c t nht mt sn phm tt,
D : khng phi tt c sn phm u tt,
E : c ng mt sn phm xu,
F : c t nht 2 sn phm tt.
Bi 2. Ba ngi, mi ngi bn mt pht. Gi A i l bin c th i bn trng. Hy biu din
qua A i cc bin c sau :
A : ch c ngi th nht bn trng,
B : ngi th nht bn trng v ngi th hai bn trt,
D : c 3 ngi u bn trng,
E : c t nht 2 ngi bn trng,
F : ch c 2 ngi bn trng,
G : khng ai bn trng,
H : khng c hn 2 ngi bn trng,
I : ngi th nht bn trng, hoc ngi th hai v ngi th ba cng bn trng,
K : ngi th nht bn trng hay ngi th hai bn trng,
C : c t nht 1 ngi bn trng.
Bi 3. Ba sinh vin A, B, C cng thi mn xc sut thng k. Xt cc bin c:
A : sinh vin A u,
19
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B : sinh vin B u,
C : sinh vin C u.
Hy biu din qua A, B, C cc bin c sau :
a) ch c A u,
b) A u v B rt,
c) c t nht mt ngi u,
d) c 3 cng u,
e) c t nht 2 ngi u,
f) ch c 2 ngi u,
g) khng ai u,
h) khng c qu 2 ngi u.
Bi 4. Quan st 4 sinh vin lm bi thi. K hiu B j (j = 1, 2, 3, 4) l bin c sinh vin j lm bi
thi t yu cu. Hy vit cc bin c sau y
a) C ng mt sinh vin t yu cu,
b) c ng 3 sinh vin t yu cu,
c) c t nht 1 sinh vin t yu cu,
d) khng c sinh vin no t yu cu.
Xc sut bng nh ngha.
Bi 5. Mt cng ty lin doanh cn tuyn mt k ton trng, mt trng phng tip th, c
40 ngi d tuyn trong c 15 n. Tnh xc sut trong 2 ngi c tuyn c:
a) k ton trng l n,
b) t nht 1 n.
p s: a) 0,75;b) 0,6154.
20
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1
.
15
21
1
; b) 0,476; c) 0,619.
3
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8) P(A B) ,
2) P(A + B) ,
9) P(A B) ,
3) P(A + B) ,
10) P(AB B) ,
4) P(AB) ,
11) P(AB B) ,
5) P(AB) ,
12) P(AB B) ,
6) P(AB) ,
7) P(A + B) ,
14) P(AB A + B) .
1
1
, P(AB) = . Hy tnh :
3
6
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Bi 14. Trong 1 khu ph, t l ngi mc bnh tim l 6%; mc bnh phi l 8% v mc c
hai bnh l 5%. Chn ngu nhin 1 ngi trong khu ph . Tnh xc sut ngi
khng mc c 2 bnh tim v bnh phi.
p s: 0,91.
Bi 15. Cho 3 bin c A, B, C sao cho
P(A) = 0,5; P(B) = 0,7; P(C) = 0,6;
P(AB) = 0,3; P(BC) = 0,4; P(AC) = 0,2
v P(ABC) = 0,1.
a) Tm xc sut c 3 bin c A, B, C u khng xy ra.
b) Tm xc sut c ng 2 trong 3 bin c xy ra.
c) Tm xc sut ch c ng 1 bin c trong 3 bin c xy ra.
p s: a) 0; b) 0,6; c) 0,3.
Bi 16. Mt ngi c 5 con g mi, 2 con g trng nht chung trong mt ci lng. Mt
ngi n mua, ngi bn g bt ngu nhin 1 con. Ngi mua chp nhn con .
a) Tnh xc sut ngi mua c con g mi.
Ngi th hai li n mua, ngi bn g li bt ngu nhin ra 1 con.
b) Tm xc sut ngi th hai mua c con g trng.
c) Xc sut ny s bng bao nhiu nu ngi bn g qun mt rng con g bn cho
ngi th nht l g trng hay g mi.
p s: a)
5
1
2
; b) ; c) .
7
3
7
Bi 17. Hai cng ty A, B cng kinh doanh mt mt hng. Xc sut cng ty A thua l l
0,2; xc sut cng ty B thua l l 0,4. Tuy nhin trn thc t, kh nng c 2 cng ty cng
thua l l 0,1. Tm xc sut
a) ch c mt cng ty thua l,
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1
1
; b)
.
3
14
24
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Bi 25. Trong mt trm cp cu bng : 80% bnh nhn bng do nng, 20% bng do ha
cht. Loi bng do nng c 30% bi bin chng, loi bng do ha cht c 50% b bin chng.
a) Chn ngu nhin mt bnh n. Tnh xc sut gp mt bnh n ca bnh nhn b
bin chng.
b) Rt ngu nhin c mt bnh n ca mt bnh nhn b bin chng. Tnh xc sut
bnh n l ca bnh nhn b bin chng do nng gy ra? do ha cht gy ra?
p s: a) 0,34; b) 0,71; 0,2942.
Bi 26. Mt l ht ging c phn thnh ba loi. Loi 1 chim 2/3 s ht c l, loi 2
chim 1/4, cn li l loi 3. Loi 1 c t l ny mm 80%, loi 2 c t l ny mm 60% v
loi 3 c t l ny mm 40%. Hi t l ny mm chung ca l ht ging l bao nhiu ?
p s: 0,72.
Bi 27. Hai nh my cng sn sut 1 loi linh kin in t. Nng sut nh my hai gp 3 ln
nng sut nh my mt. T l hng ca nh my mt v hai ln lt l 0,1% v 0,2%. Gi s
linh kin bn Trung tm ch do hai nh my ny sn xut. Mua 1 linh kin Trung tm.
a) Tnh xc sut linh kin y hng.
b) Gi s mua linh kin v thy linh kin b hng. Theo bn th linh kin do nh
my no sn xut.
p s: a) 0,175%; b) nh my 2.
Bi 28. C 3 loi sng b ngoi hon ton ging nhau, vi xc sut bn trng bia tng ng
l 0,6, 0,7, 0,8. Loi th I c 5 khu, loi th II c 3 khu, loi th III c 2 khu. Chn ngu
nhin 1 khu v bn vo bia. Tnh xc sut bn trng bia.
p s: 0,67.
Bi 29. C 8 bnh ng bi, trong c :
2 bnh loi 1: mi bnh ng 6 bi trng 3 bi ,
3 bnh loi 2: mi bnh ng 5 bi trng 4 bi ,
3 bnh loi 3: mi bnh ng 2 bi trng 7 bi .
26
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p s: 0,31744.
Bi 44. Mt my sn xut ln lt tng sn phm. Xc sut sn xut ra mt ph phm ca
my l 0,01.
a) Cho my sn xut 10 sn phm. Tnh xc sut c 2 ph phm.
b) My cn sn xut t nht bao nhiu sn phm xc sut c t nht mt chnh phm
trn 0,99.
p s: a) 0,0041; b) 2.
30
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x1
x2
xn
p1
p2
pn
p
f (x) = i
0
khi x x i , i
f (x )
i
xi x
x f (x ) = x p ,
i
xi
v phng sai ca X l
2X = Var(X) =
(x
X ) f (x i ) =
2
xi
(x
X ) pi .
2
31
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f (x)dx , vi a, b , a < b .
f (t)dt
xf (x)dx ,
v phng sai ca X l
2X = Var(X) =
(x )
X
f (x)dx .
(Var : Variance)
2.2. Bi tp mu
Bin s ngu nhin ri rc
Bi 1. C hai thng thuc A v B, trong :
- thng A c 20 l gm 2 l hng v 18 l tt,
- thng B c 20 l gm 3 l hng v 17 l tt.
a) Ly mi thng 1 l. Gi X l s l hng trong hai l ly ra. Tm hm mt ca X.
b) Ly thng B ra 3 l. Gi Y l s l hng trong 3 l ly ra. Tm hm mt ca Y.
Gii
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a) Xt cc bin c
A : nhn c l hng t thng A,
B : nhn c l hng t thng B,
v gi X l s l hng trong hai l ly ra. Ta c X ly cc gi tr 0, 1 v 2. Ch rng A, B
l cc bin c c lp. Ta c
P(X = 0) = P(AB) = P(A)P(B) =
18 17 306
=
= 0, 765 ,
20 20 400
=
= 0, 22,
20 20 20 20 400
P(X = 2) = P(AB) = P(A)P(B) =
2 3
6
=
= 0, 015 .
20 20 400
0,765
0,22
2
0,015
v hm mt ca X
0, 765
0, 22
f (x) =
0, 015
0
khi x = 0
khi x = 1
khi x = 2
khi x 0, 1, 2
3 k
C3k C17
3
C20
0,596
0,358
0,045
0,001
cng nh hm mt ca Y
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khi x = 0
khi x = 1
0, 596
0, 358
f (x) = 0, 045
0, 001
khi x = 2
khi x = 3
khi x 0, 1, 2, 3
Bi 2. C hai l sn phm.
- L 1: C 8 chnh phm v 2 ph phm
- L 2: C 7 chnh phm v 3 ph phm
T l 1 ly ngu nhin 2 sn phm b sang l 2, sau t l 2 ly ra 2 sn phm.
a) Tm bng phn phi xc sut ca s chnh phm c ly ra
b) Tm hm phn phi xc sut ca s chnh phm c ly ra
Gii
a) Xt cc bin c
A : nhn c 2 ph phm t l 1,
B : nhn c 1 chnh phm v 1 ph phm t l 1,
C : nhn c 2 chnh phm t l 1,
v gi X l s chnh phm ly ra t l 2. Ta c X ly cc gi tr 0, 1 v 2.
Nhn xt A, B, C l h y cc bin c
C22
C08C24 C18C12
C23 C28
+ 2 2 + 2 2
C12
C10
C12 C10
2
2
C12
C10
10 1
6 16
3 28
190
=
66 45 66 45 66 45 2970
C17C15
2
C12
C22
2
C10
35 1
32 16 27 28 1303
=
66 45 66 45 66 45 2970
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C22
C82
C18C12
C92
C82
2 + 2 2 + 2 2
2
C12
C10 C12 C10
C12 C10
21 1
28 16 36 28 1477
=
66 45 66 45 66 45 2970
190
2970
1303
2970
1477
2970
190
F(x) = 2970
1493
2970
khi x < 0
khi 0 x < 1
khi 1 x < 2
khi 2 x
Bi 3. Thc hin ba ln bn bia vi xc sut trng bia tng ng l 0,3; 0,4; 0,6. Tm trung
bnh v phng sai ca s ln bn trng bia.
Gii
Gi A i bin c bn trng bia ln th i
Ta c: P (A 1 ) = 0, 2; P ( A 2 ) = 0, 3; P ( A 3 ) = 0, 6
Gi X l s ln bn trng bia trong 3 ln bn, X ly cc gi tr 0, 1, 2, 3. Ch rng
A 1 , A 2 , A 3 l cc bin c c lp. Ta c
P (X = 0) = P ( A1 A 2 A 3 ) = P ( A1 ) P ( A 2 ) P ( A 3 )
= 0,7 0, 6 0, 4 = 0,168,
P (X = 1) = P ( A1 A 2 A 3 + A1 A 2 A 3 + A1 A 2 A 3 )
= P ( A1 A 2 A 3 ) + P ( A1 A 2 A 3 ) + P ( A1A 2 A 3 )
35
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= P (A1 ) P ( A 2 ) P ( A 3 ) + P ( A1 ) P (A 2 ) P ( A 3 ) + P ( A1 ) P ( A 2 ) P (A 3 )
= 0, 3 0, 6 0, 4 + 0,7 0, 4 0, 4 + 0, 7 0, 6 0, 6 = 0, 436,
P ( X = 2) = P ( A 1A 2 A 3 + A1 A 2 A 3 + A1 A 2 A 3 )
= P ( A 1A 2 A 3 ) + P ( A 1 A 2 A 33 ) + P ( A1 A 2 A 3 )
= P ( A 1 ) P ( A 2 ) P ( A 3 ) + P ( A1 ) P ( A 2 ) P ( A 3 ) + P ( A 1 ) P ( A 2 ) P ( A 3 )
= 0, 3 0, 4 0, 4 + 0, 3 0, 6 0, 6 + 0, 7 0, 4 0, 6 = 0, 324
P ( X = 3) = P ( A 1 A 2 A 3 ) = P ( A 1 ) P ( A 2 ) P ( A 3 ) = 0, 3 0, 4 0, 6 = 0, 072 .
0,168
0,436
0,324
0,072
khi 0 x 100
khi
a) Xc nh hng s c.
b) Tnh trung bnh v phng sai ca X.
c) Tnh xc sut ca mt ngi c tui th 60 .
d) Tnh xc sut ca mt ngi c tui th 60 , bit rng ngi hin nay 50 tui.
Gii
a) f (x) l hm mt , ta cn
+
f (x)dx = 1 .
36
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100
f (x)dx =
102
x3
x4 x5
2.102
+
cx (100 x ) dx = c 104
,
3
4
5 0
nn ta c phng trnh
102
x3
x 4 x5
c 104
2.102
+
3
4
5 0
= 1.
X = E(X) =
100
xf (x)dx = c x
(100 x )
dx
100
=c
(10 x
4
2.102 x4 + x5 )dx
0
102
x4
x5 x 6
= c 104
2.102
+
4
5
6 0
= 50,
v phng sai
+
2X = E(X 2 ) 2X =
100
x2 f (x)dx 502 = c
(100 x )
100
=c
(10 x
4
0
102
x5
x 6 x7
= c 104
2.102
+
2500
5
6
7 0
1014
105
2500
= 3.109
2500 =
.
2500 =
35
7
105
37
dx 2500
MATHEDUCARE.COM
P(X 60) =
100
f (x)dx =
60
cx2 (100 x ) dx
2
60
100
=c
(10 x
4
2.102 x 3 + x4 )dx
60
102
x3
x 4 x5
= c 104
2.102
+
3
4
5
60
1010
216
1296 7776
5
= c
20.
+
10 100.
3
4
5
30
104 11376
992
= 3,109105
= 0, 31744.
=
5 3125
3
P X 60 X 50 =
=
P ( X 60)( X 50)
P ( X 50 )
P ( X 60)
P ( X 50 )
0, 31744
= 0, 63488,
0, 5
sin x
f (x) = 2
khi x (0, )
khi x (0, )
b) Tm P 0 X
4
c) Tm trung bnh v phng sai ca X.
Gii
a) Tm hm phn phi xc sut ca X.
x
Trng hp 1. Nu x 0 th F(x) =
38
f (t)dt = 0 .
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Trng hp 2. Nu 0 < x
x
F(x) =
f (t)dt =
f (t)dt + f (t)dt
0
sin t
cos t
1 cos x
dt =
=
2
2 0
2
F(x) =
f (t)dt =
sin t
cos t
dt =
=1
2
2 0
1 cos x
F(x) =
khi x 0
khi 0 < x
khi < x
1 cos x 4
1
2
b) P 0 X =
=
4
2
2
4
0
c) Trung bnh v phng sai
Trung bnh
EX =
xf (x)dx =
1
x sin xdx
2 0
u = x du = dx
dv = sin xdx v = cos x
EX =
1
1
x cos x + cos xdx
0
2
2 0
1
1
= x cos x + sin x =
2
2
2
0
Phng sai: Var(X) = EX 2 (EX )
39
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Vi
EX 2 =
1 2
x sin xdx
2 0
t
u = x 2 du = 2xdx
dv = sin xdx v = cos x
1
2
EX 2 = x 2 cos x + x cos xdx =
+I
0
0
2
2
Tnh I =
x cos xdx
u = x du = dx
dv = cos xdx v = sin x
2
2
Vy Var(X) =
2 =
2
2
2
4
2.3. Bi tp rn luyn
Bin s ngu nhin ri rc
Bi 1. Cho X l mt bin s ngu nhin c phn phi xc sut nh sau
X
PX
2a
2a
3a
a2
2a 2
7a 2 + a
a) Xc nh a.
b) Tnh P [ X 5] , P [ X < 3] .
1
2
MATHEDUCARE.COM
-20
30
60
0,3
0,2
0,5
X2
-20
-10
100
0,4
0,2
0,4
X3
-25
-30
80
0,2
0,3
0,5
MATHEDUCARE.COM
0,648
0,306
0,044
0,002
10
20
30
40
50
0,1
0,2
0,35
0,2
0,1
0,05
10
11
12
13
14
15
0,05
0,15
0,3
0,2
0,15
0,1
0,05
0,3
0,1
0,6
42
MATHEDUCARE.COM
Tnh P X E ( X ) < 4 .
p s: 0,7.
Bi 9. Li nhun X thu c khi u t 50 triu ng vo mt d n c bng phn phi xc
sut nh sau (n v : triu ng).
X
-2
-1
0,1
0,1
0,2
0,2
0,3
0,1
10
11
0,05 0,12 0,17 0,08 0,12 0,2 0,07 0,02 0,07 0,02 0,03 0,05
0,7
0,3
Khch hng chn cch kim tra mua hng nh sau : T mi hp ly ngu nhin ra 3 sn
phm kim tra, nu thy c t nht 2 sn phm loi mt th mua hp . Ly ngu nhin 3
hp kim tra. Tnh xc sut c 2 hp c mua.
p s: 0,381.
Bin s ngu nhin lin tc
43
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a) Tm k v v th f(x).
b) Tm xc sut bng n hng trc khi n c 1 nm tui.
p s: a) k =
3
; b) 0,0508.
64
Bi 13. Khi lng ca mt con vt 6 thng tui l mt bin s ngu nhin X (n v tnh l
Kg) c hm mt
k(x 2 1) khi 1 x 3
f (x) =
0
khi x [1, 3]
a) Tm k.
b) Vi k tm c, tnh
(i) khi lng trung bnh ca vt 6 thng tui,
(ii) t l vt chm ln, bit vt 6 thng tui chm ln l vt c khi lng nh hn 2Kg,
(iii) hm phn phi xc sut ca X.
p s: a) k =
3
; b) EX = 2, 4 ; P (X < 2) = 0, 2
20
x 3 3x + 2
F(x) =
20
1
Bi 14. Cho hm mt ca bin ngu nhin X c dng
a cos x khi x 2 , 2
f (x) =
khi x 2 , 2
0
44
khi x 1
khi 1 < x 3
khi x > 3
MATHEDUCARE.COM
sin x + 1
p s: a) a = 0, 5; F(x) =
khi x
<x
2
2
khi x >
2
khi
b) 0,1465.
Bi 15. Cho X l bin s ngu nhin lin tc c hm phn phi xc sut sau:
F(x) =
1 1
+ arctan x
4
(1 + x 2 )
Bi 16. Cho X l bin s ngu nhin lin tc c hm phn phi xc sut sau:
F(x) =
1 1
x
+ arctan
2
2
1
.
4
p s: x1 = 2 .
Bi 17. Thi gian xp hng ch mua hng ca khch l bin s ngu nhin lin tc X vi
hm phn phi xc sut nh sau:
khi x 0
F(x) = ax 3 3x 2 + 2x
1
khi 0 < x 1
khi x > 1
a) Tm h s a.
45
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f (x) = 20
khi x 5, 25
khi x 5, 25
a) Tnh P X 10 > 2, 5 .
b) Tnh t l mc bnh trung bnh v phng sai ca X.
p s: a) 0,75; b) EX = 15; 2X = 33, 3 .
Bi 19. Tui th (tnh theo gi) ca mt tr chi in t bm tay l mt bin s ngu nhin
lin tc c hm mt xc sut nh sau:
x
100
ke
f (x) =
0
khi x 0
khi x < 0
a) Tm hng s k.
b) Tnh xc sut tui th ca tr chi ny nm trong khong t 50 n 150 gi.
c) Tnh xc sut tui th ca tr chi ny t hn 100 gi.
p s: a) k = 0, 01 ; b) 0,239; c) 0,632.
Bi 20. Cho bin s ngu nhin lin tc X c hm mt xc sut nh sau:
m e x
x
f (x) =
m!
0
khi x 0
khi x < 0
46
MATHEDUCARE.COM
q = 1 p.
2. Phn phi siu bi H(N, K, n)
2.1. nh ngha
Bin s ngu nhin ri rc X c gi l phn phi siu bi, k hiu
CKx CnNxK
n
f (x) = CN
0
P (X = k) =
CKk CnNkK
CnN
, vi max{0, n N + K} k min{n, K}
2.2. Mnh :
Cho H(N, K, n) , ta c
47
MATHEDUCARE.COM
i) Trung bnh: X = np ,
N n
ii) Phng sai: 2X = np(1 p)
.
N 1
3. Phn phi Poisson P()
3.1. nh ngha
Bin s ngu nhin ri rc X c gi l phn phi poisson, k hiu X P()
nu hm xc sut ca X c dng sau
x
e
f (x) =
x!
0
P (X = k) = e
k
, vi k = 0,1, 2,..., n
k!
3.2. Mnh :
Cho X P() , ta c
i) Trung bnh: X = ,
ii) Phng sai: 2X = ,
iii) lch chun: X = .
3.3. Ch : Nu X B(n, p) , trong p nh v n ln th X c xem nh c
phn phi Poisson X P() , vi = np .
Bng cch vit
n(n 1)...(n k + 1) k
p (1 p)n k
k!
k
1 n(n 1)...(n k + 1)
=
np ) (1 p)n k
(
k
k!
n
Cnk p k (1 p)n k =
v vi = np khng i, khi n , ta c p 0 v
lim
n
n(n 1)...(n k + 1)
=1
nk
lim(1 p)
n
nk
= lim(1 p)
p 0
k
p
= e
Vy
48
MATHEDUCARE.COM
Cnk p k (1 p)n k e
k
k!
4.1. nh ngha
Bin s ngu nhin lin tc X c gi l phn phi chun, k hiu
X N , 2 nu hm mt ca X c dng sau
f (x) =
1
2
( x )
2 2
< x < + ,
P ( a X b) =
1
2
(x )2
2 2
dx , vi a, b , a b
4.2. Mnh :
Cho X N , 2 , ta c
i) Trung bnh: X = ,
ii) Phng sai: 2X = 2 ,
iii) lch chun: X = .
4.3. Ch :
i) Nu X N , 2 th t Y =
X
, ta c Y N(0,1) (Y: phn phi Gauss
a
b
a
b
P ( a X b) = P
Y
=
vi (x) =
1
2
t2
2
dx
ii) Phn phi chun dng kho st cc hin tng bnh thng. C th, nu
MATHEDUCARE.COM
iii) S lin h gia cc phn phi nh thc, siu bi, Poisson v chun c cho trong
s sau:
Phan phoi sieu boi
H(N,K,n)
Xap x khi n << N,
vi p = K/N
Xap x khi n ln,
p < 0.01, np < 5,
vi = np
(x) =
x 1 t
e dt
5.1. nh ngha
Bin s ngu nhin lin tc X c gi l phn phi Gamma, k hiu
x e
f (x) = ()
khi x > 0
khi x 0
5.2. Mnh
Cho X (, ) , ta c
i) Trung bnh: X = ,
ii) Phng sai: 2X = 2 .
5.3. nh ngha
Bin s ngu nhin lin tc X c gi l phn phi chi bnh phng, k hiu
50
MATHEDUCARE.COM
r
x
1
1
2
x e 2
r
r
f (x) = 2 2
2
khi x > 0
,
khi x 0
r
ngha l X , 2
2
5.4. Mnh
Cho X 2 (r) , ta c
i) Trung bnh: X = r ,
ii) Phng sai: 2X = 2r .
6. Phn phi Student St(n)
6.1. nh ngha
Cho X l bin s ngu nhin lin tc c phn phi Gauss, X N ( 0,1) ; Y l bin
s ngu nhin lin tc c phn phi Chi bnh phng vi n bc t do, Y 2 (n) v
X, Y l hai bin s c lp.
t
T=
X
Y
n
.
n2
MATHEDUCARE.COM
t
X
F=
n
m
m
,
m2
2m2 (n + m2 2)
.
n(m 2)2 (m 4)
Bi tp mu
1
. Mt gia nh c 4
2
( 0, 5)
3
= 0, 375.
8
P(X = 1) = C14 ( 0, 5 ) ( 0, 5 ) =
1
c) Xc sut c bn u l trai
P(X = 4) = C44 ( 0, 5 )
( 0, 5)
1
= 0, 0625.
16
52
MATHEDUCARE.COM
Bi 2. Mt nh my sn xut vi t l ph phm l 7%
a) Quan st ngu nhin 10 sn phm. Tnh xc sut
i) c ng mt ph phm,
ii) c t nht mt ph phm,
iii) c nhiu nht mt ph phm.
b) Hi phi quan st t nht bao nhiu sn phm xc sut nhn c t nht mt ph
phm 0, 9 .
Gii
a) Gi X l s ph phm nhn c trong 10 sn phm th X B (10; 0, 07 ) .
i) Xc sut c ng 1 ph phm trong 10 sn phm l
P(X = 1) = C110 ( 0, 07 ) (1 0, 07 )
10 1
= 10 0, 07 ( 0, 93) = 0, 3643.
9
10
= 1 ( 0, 93)
10
= 0, 516.
( 0, 93)
10
1
+ C10
( 0, 07) ( 0, 93) = 0, 8483.
1
53
MATHEDUCARE.COM
Gii bt phng tnh trn, ta nhn c gi tr n 31, 73 . Vy phi quan st t nht
32 sn phm.
Bi 3. Trong s 20 cng nhn ca mt cng ty c 12 ngi c tay ngh kh. Tm xc sut
kim tra ngu nhin tay ngh ca 5 cng nhn th c t nht 3 ngi c tay ngh kh.
Gii
Gi X l s cng nhn c tay ngh trong 5 cng nhn kim tra th X H ( 20,12, 5) .
Xc sut c t nht 3 cng nhn c tay ngh l
P(X 3) = P ( X = 3) + P ( X = 4 ) + P ( X = 5 )
=
3
C12
C28
5
20
4
C12
C18
5
20
5
C12
C08
5
20
10912
= 0, 704.
15504
455
1140
525
1140
150
1140
10
1140
100
200
300
455
1140
525
1140
150
1140
10
1140
54
MATHEDUCARE.COM
Bi 5. Mt trung tm bu in nhn c trung bnh 3 cuc in thoi trong mi pht.
Tnh xc sut trung tm ny nhn c 1 cuc, 2 cuc, 3 cuc gi trong 1 pht, bit
rng s cuc gi trong mt pht c phn phi Poisson.
Gii
Gi X l s cuc gi nhn c trong 1 pht th X c phn phi Poisson vi trung
bnh 3, ngha l X P(3) .
Xc sut trung tm bu in nhn c 1 cuc, 2 cuc v 3 cuc gi trong 1 pht
ln lt l
P(X = 1) = e3
31
= 0,1494 ,
1!
P(X = 2) = e3
32
= 0, 224 ,
2!
P(X = 3) = e3
33
= 0, 224 .
3!
Bi 6. Khi tim truyn mt loi huyt thanh, trung bnh c mt trng hp phn ng trn
1000 trng hp. Dng loi huyt thanh ny tim cho 2000 ngi. Tnh xc sut
a) c 3 trng hp phn ng,
b) c nhiu nht 3 trng hp phn ng,
c) c nhiu hn 3 trng hp phn ng.
Gii
Do xc sut mt ngi b phn ng vi loi huyt thanh ny l
1
1000
nn vi X ch
s ngi b phn ng vi loi huyt thanh ny trong 2000 ngi th X B(2000; 0, 001) .
V p = 0, 001 < 0, 01 v np = 2 < 5 nn phn phi nh thc c th xp x bng phn
phi Poisson, ngha l
X P(2000 0, 001) = P(2) .
23 4 2
= e = 0,18 .
3! 3
55
MATHEDUCARE.COM
b) Xc sut c nhiu nht 3 trng hp phn ng trong 1000 trng hp l
P(X 3) = P(X = 0) + P(X = 1) + P(X = 2) + P(X = 3)
4
16 2
= e2 + 2e2 + e2 + e2 =
e = 0, 722.
3
3
= ( 0, 99 )
20
20
= 0, 8179.
= 20 ( 0, 01) ( 0, 99 )
19
20 1
= 0,1652.
56
MATHEDUCARE.COM
Khi xp x phn phi nh thc bng phn phi Poisson, ngha l
X P(20 0, 01) = P(0, 2) , ta nhn c
(0, 2)1
= 0,1637 ,
1!
v
P(X > 1) = 1 P(X = 0) + P(X = 1)
= 1 (0, 8187 + 0,1637) = 0, 01755.
= 50 mm v
= 0, 05 mm.
Mt khc, nu ta t Y =
X X 50
=
, th Y N(0;1) . Do
0, 05
49, 9 50 X 50 50,1 50
P ( 49, 9 X 50,1) = P
0, 05
0, 05
0, 05
= P ( 2 X 2 ) = ( 2 ) ( 2 ) = 2 ( 2 ) = 0, 9544.
MATHEDUCARE.COM
Suy ra xc sut c t nht mt sn phm t yu cu l
P ( X 1) = 1 P ( X = 0 )
= 1 C03 ( 0, 9544 ) (1 0, 9544 )
0
= 1 ( 0, 0456 ) = 0, 9999.
3
Bi 9. Trng lng X (tnh bng gam) mt loi tri cy c phn phi chun N(; 2 ) , vi
= 500(gam) v 2 = 16(gam2 ) . Tri cy thu hoch c phn loi theo trng lng nh
sau :
a) loi 1 : trn 505 gam,
b) loi 2 : t 495 n 505 gam,
c) loi 3 : di 495 gam.
Tnh t l mi loi.
Gii
Gi X l trng lng tri cy th X N ( ; 2 ) = N ( 500; 42 ) . Vi Y =
Y N ( 0;1) . Do
a) T l tri cy loi 1 l
X 500 505 500
P ( X > 505 ) = P
>
4
4
b) T l tri cy loi 2 l
495 500 X 500 505 500
P ( 495 X 505 ) = P
4
4
4
= P ( 1, 25 Y 1, 25 ) = 0, 7887.
c) V t l ca loi 3 l
X 500 495 500
<
)
4
4
= P ( Y < 1, 25 ) = ( 1, 25 ) ( )
P ( X < 495 ) = P(
= (1, 25 ) + 0, 5 = 0,10565.
58
X 500
th
4
MATHEDUCARE.COM
Vy, tri cy thu hoch c c khong 11% loi 1, 78% loi 2 v 11% loi 3.
Bi 10. Mt my sn xut ra sn phm loi A vi xc sut 0,485. Tnh xc sut trong 200
sn phm do my sn xut ra c t nht 95 sn phm loi A.
Gii
Gi X l s sn phm loi A trong 200 do my sn xut ra. Ta c X B(200; 0, 485)
Ta c np = 200 0, 485 = 97 > 5 v nq = 200 0, 515 = 103 > 5
X 97
th Y N ( 0;1) . Do xc sut c t nht 95 sn phm loi A
7, 07
= P
7, 07
7, 07
7, 07
= P (0, 28 Y 14, 57)
= (14, 57) (0, 28) = 0, 5 + 0,1103 = 0, 6103.
3.2.
Bi tp rn luyn
MATHEDUCARE.COM
b) Tnh xc sut ly c 1 tri h
c) Tnh xc sut ly c t nht 1 tri h.
d) Tnh xc sut ly c nhiu nht 2 tri h.
p s: a) 0,033; b) 0,5; c) 0,83; d) 0,967.
Bi 3. Mt my dt c 4000 ng si. Xc sut mi ng si b t trong 1 pht l
0,0005. Tnh xc sut trong 1 pht
a) c 3 ng si b t,
b) c t nht 2 ng si b t.
p s: a) 0,18; b) 0,595.
Bi 4. Mt tng i bu in c cc cuc in thoi gi n xut hin ngu nhin, c
lp vi nhau v c tc trung bnh 2 cuc gi trong 1 pht. Bit rng s cuc gi trong
mt khong thi gian c nh c phn phi Poisson. Tm xc sut
a) c ng 5 cuc in thoi trong 2 pht,
b) khng c cuc in thoi no trong khong thi gian 30 giy,
c) c t nht 1 cuc in thoi trong khong thi gian 10 giy.
p s: a) 0,1563; b) 0,3679; c) 0,284.
Bi 5. Xc sut mt my sn xut ra ph phm l 0,02.
a) Tnh xc sut trong 10 sn phm do my sn xut c khng qu 1 ph phm.
b) Mt ngy my sn xut c 250 sn phm. Tm s ph phm trung bnh v s
ph phm tin chc nht ca my trong mt ngy.
p s: a) 0,98; b) EX = 5; Mod(X) = 5.
Bi 6. Xc sut mt my sn xut ra sn phm loi A l 0,25. Tnh xc sut trong
80 sn phm do my sn xut ra c t 25 n 30 sn phm loi A.
p s: 0,0936.
Bi 7. Gieo 100 ht ging ca mt loi nng sn. Xc sut ny mm ca mi ht l 0,8.
Tnh xc sut c t nht 90 ht ny mm.
60
MATHEDUCARE.COM
p s: 0,0062.
Bi 8. C 8000 sn phm trong c 2000 sn phm khng t tiu chun k thut. Ly
ngu nhin (khng hon li) 10 sn phm. Tnh xc sut trong 10 sn phm ly ra c 2
sn phm khng t tiu chun.
p s: 0,282.
Bi 9. Gi s xc sut trng s l 1%. Mi tun mua mt v s. Hi phi mua v s lin
tip trong ti thiu bao nhiu tun c khng t hn 95% hy vng trng s t nht 1 ln.
p s: 296.
Bi 10. Bu in dng mt my t ng c a ch trn b th phn loi tng khu vc
gi i, my c kh nng c c 5000 b th trong 1 pht. Kh nng c sai 1 a ch
trn b th l 0,04% (xem nh vic c 5000 b th ny l 5000 php th c lp).
a) Tnh s b th trung bnh mi pht my c sai.
b) Tnh s b th tin chc nht trong mi pht my c sai.
c) Tnh xc sut trong mt pht my c sai t nht 3 b th.
p s: a) 2; b) 2; c) 0,3233.
Bi 11. Gi s t l dn c mc bnh A trong vng l 10%. Chn ngu nhin 1 nhm 400
ngi.
a) Vit cng thc tnh xc sut trong nhm c nhiu nht 50 ngi mc bnh A.
b) Tnh xp x xc sut bng phn phi chun.
p s: b) 0,9525.
Bi 12. Sn phm sau khi hon tt c ng thnh kin, mi kin gm 10 sn phm vi
t l th phm l 20%. Trc khi mua hng, khch hng mun kim tra bng cch t mi
kin chn ngu nhin 3 sn phm.
1) Lp bng phn phi xc sut ca s sn phm tt trong 3 sn phm ly ra.
2) Nu c 3 sn phm c ly ra u l sn phm tt th khch hng s ng mua
kin hng . Tnh xc sut khi kim tra 100 kin
a) c t nht 80 kin hng c mua,
61
MATHEDUCARE.COM
b) c t nht 60 kin c mua.
p s: a)
X
0,066
0,467
0,467
b) 0,0038.
Bi 13. Mt trm cho thu xe Taxi c 3 chic xe. Hng ngy trm phi np thu 8USD
cho 1 chic xe (bt k xe c c thu hay khng). Mi chic c cho thu vi gi
20USD. Gi s s xe c yu cu cho thu ca trm trong 1 ngy l i lng ngu
nhin c phn phi Poisson vi = 2, 8 .
a) Tnh s tin trung bnh trm thu c trong mt ngy.
b) Gii bi ton trn trong trng hp trm c 4 chic xe.
c) Theo bn, trm nn c 3 hay 4 chic xe ?
p s: a) 20,76 ; b) ; c) .
Bi 14. ng knh ca mt loi chi tit do mt my sn xut c phn phi chun, k
vng 20mm, phng sai (0, 2mm)2 . Ly ngu nhin 1 chi tit my. Tnh xc sut
a) c ng knh trong khong 19,9mm n 20,3mm,
b) c ng knh sai khc vi k vng khng qu 0,3mm.
p s: a) 0,6247; b) 0,8664.
Bi 15. Trong h thng t gi hi oi th ni, s bin ng ca t gi hi oi chu s
tc ng ca nhiu nhn t v c th xem nh l bin ngu nhin c phn phi chun. Gi
s giai on no t gi ca USD vi VND c trung bnh l 18000 v lch chun
l 800. Tm xc sut trong mt ngy no .
a) T gi s cao hn 19000,
b) T gi s thp hn 17500,
c) T gi nm trong khong t 17500 n 19500.
p s: a) 0,1056; b) 0,2643; c) 0,7342.
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MATHEDUCARE.COM
Bi 16. Khi lng ca mt gi ng (ng bng my t ng) c phn phi chun.
Trong 1000 gi ng c 70 gi c khi lng ln hn 1015. Hy c lng xem c bao
nhiu gi ng c khi lng t hn 1008g. Bit rng khi lng trung bnh ca 1000
gi ng l 1012g.
p s: 24,4 gi.
Bi 17. Li sut (%) u t vo mt d n nm 2000 c coi nh 1 i lng ngu
nhin c phn phi theo quy lut chun. Theo nh gi ca u ban u t th li sut cao
hn 20% c xc sut 0,1587, v li sut cao hn 25% c xc sut l 0,0228. Vy kh
nng u t m khng b thua l l bao nhiu?.
p s: 0,9987.
Bi 18. Mt cng ty kinh doanh mt hng A d nh s p dng mt trong 2 phng n
kinh doanh. K hiu X1 l li nhun thu c khi p dng phng n th 1, X 2 l li
nhun thu c khi p dng phng n th 2. X1 , X 2 u c tnh theo n v triu
ng/ thng) v X1 N (140, 2500) , X 2 N ( 200, 3600) . Nu bit rng, cng ty tn ti
v pht trin th li nhun thu c t mt hng kinh doanh A phi t t nht 80 triu
ng/thng. Hy cho bit cng ty nn p dng phng n no kinh doanh mt hng A?
V sao?.
p s: P ( X 1 80) = 0, 8849 < P ( X 2 80) = 0, 9772, chn phng n th 2.
Bi 19. di ca mt chi tit my c tin ra c phn phi chun N( cm ; (0, 2cm)2 ) .
Sn phm coi l t nu di sai lch so vi di trung bnh khng qu 0,3cm.
a) Tnh xc sut chn ngu nhin 1 sn phm th c sn phm t yu cu.
b) Chn ngu nhin 3 sn phm. Tnh xc sut c t nht 2 sn phm t yu cu .
c) Nu sn phm tt m b loi trong kim tra th mc phi sai lm loi 1, nu sn
phm khng t m c nhn th mc phi sai lm loi 2. gi s kh nng mc phi sai
lm loi 1, loi 2 ln lt l 0,1 v 0,2. Tnh xc sut trong 3 ln kim tra hon ton
khng nhm ln.
p s a) 0,8664; b) 0,9512; c) 0,697.
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MATHEDUCARE.COM
Bi 20. Khi lng ca 1 loi tri cy c quy lut phn phi chun vi khi lng trung
bnh l 250g, lch chun v khi lng l 5g.
a) Mt ngi ly 1 tri t trong st tri cy ra. Tnh xc sut ngi ny ly c tri
loi 1 (tri loi 1 l tri c khi lng > 260g)
b) Nu ly c tri loi 1 th ngi ny s mua st . Ngi ny kim tra 100 st,
tnh xc sut mua c 6 st.
p s: a) 0,0228; b) 0,02.
Bi 21. C hai th trng A v B, li sut ca c phiu trn hai th trng ny l cc i lng
ngu nhin c phn phi chun, c lp vi nhau, c k vng v phng sai c cho trong
bng di y:
Trung bnh
Phng sai
Th trng A
19%
36
Th trng B
22%
100
MATHEDUCARE.COM
p s: a) 0,1056; b) 0,6793; c) 173,24; d) 6,6.
Bi 23. Chiu di ca chi tit c gia cng trn my t ng l bin ngu nhin tun
theo quy lut phn phi chun vi lch tiu chun l 0,01mm. Chi tit c coi l t
tiu chun nu kch thc thc t ca n sai lch so vi kch thc trung bnh khng vt
qu 0,02mm.
a) Tm t l chi tit khng t tiu chun.
b) Xc nh ng u (phng sai) cn thit ca sn phm t l chi tit khng
t tiu chun ch cn 1%.
2
loi A nu khi lng khng di 25kg. Kim tra ngu nhin 100 st. Tnh xc sut :
a) c nhiu nht 60 st loi A,
b) t nht 45 st loi A.
p s: a) 0,0228; b) 0,1587.
Bi 25. Vic kim tra cc vin bi c tin hnh nh sau: nu vin bi khng lt qua l c
ng knh d1 song lt qua l c ng knh d 2 th vin bi c coi l t tiu chun,
nu khng th vin bi b loi. Bit ng knh cc vin bi sn xut ra l bin ngu nhin
c phn phi chun vi trung bnh l
d1 + d 2
d d1
v lch chun l 2
. Tm xc
2
4
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MATHEDUCARE.COM
Tm tt l thuyt
1
- Trung bnh tng th: =
N
X ,
i
i =1
1
- Phng sai tng th: =
N
2
- T l tng th: p =
(X
) ,
2
i =1
K
, trong K l cc X i tha mt tnh cht no .
N
Khi khng c s liu cho ton b tng th, ngi ta dng mt mu X 1 , X 2 , ..., X n , trch
ta t tng th, v t ta c cc tham s tnh ton trn mu, ngi ta tm cch c lng cc
tham s tng th. C hai loi c lng:
4.1.1. c lng im
c lng im tt nht ca trung bnh tng th, , l trung bnh mu:
1
X=
n
X ,
i
i =1
1
S =
n 1
2
X
(X
i =1
f =
k
,
n
MATHEDUCARE.COM
Ta dng thng k
Z=
( X )
N ( 0,1)
Trong thng k ny, X (trung bnh mu), n (c mu) bit, 0 ( lch chun tng th
) cho trc. Vi tin cy cho trc, ta c C = Z
2
=XC
hay X C 0 , X + C 0
n
n
n
b) c lng trung bnh tng th khi cha bit phng sai tng th 2 :
Ta dng thng k
T=
( X )
SX
St(n 1) .
Trong thng k ny, X (trung bnh mu), n (c mu), SX ( lch chun mu c hiu
chnh) bit. Vi tin cy cho trc, ta c = 1 suy ra C = t n 1
Khong c lng ca trung bnh tng th , c k hiu
=XC
S
S
hay X C X , X + C X
n
n
n
SX
1
Y= 2
(X
i =1
0 ) 2 (n) .
2
Trong thng k ny, X i (s liu ca mu), n (c mu) bit, 0 (trung bnh tng th )
cho trc. Vi tin cy cho trc, ta chn khong tin cy cho Y : a, b
Vi a = 2 (n), b = 2 (n)
1
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1
b
2
(X
i =1
0 )
1
;
a
(X
i =1
2
0 )
d) c lng phng sai tng th 2 khi cha bit trung bnh tng th :
Ta dng thng k
Y=
(n 1)S2X
2 (n 1) .
Trong thng k ny, S2X (phng sai mu c hiu chnh), n (c mu) bit, vi tin
cy cho trc, ta chn khong tin cy cho Y : a, b , vi
a = 2 (n 1), b = 2 (n 1)
1
(n 1)S2X (n 1)S2X
2
,
b
a
e) c lng t l tng th p :
Ta dng thng k
T=
( f p)
f (1 f )
St(n 1) .
= 1 suy ra C = t n 1
Khong c lng ca t l tng th p , c k hiu
p = f C
4.2.
f (1 f )
f (1 f )
f (1 f )
hay p f C
;f + C
n
n
n
Bi tp mu
Bi 1. Phn tch Vitamin ca 17 mu, ta c X = 20mg . Bit rng lng Vitamin c phn
phi chun N ( ; 2 ) vi = 3, 98mg .
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Z=
( X )
N(0,1) .
Vi s liu mu, ta c
Z=
( 20 )
3, 98
17
N(0,1).
= XC
0
n
= 20 1, 96
3, 98
17
phi c C
0
n
0
n
3, 98
n C 0 = 1, 96
= 60, 85 .
1
1
MATHEDUCARE.COM
Gii
c lng trung bnh tng th khi bit phng sai tng th ta dng thng k
Z=
( X )
N(0,1) .
Vi s liu mu, ta c
Z=
( 8, 5 )
600
N(0,1).
cho bi
= XC
0
n
= 8, 5 1, 96
2
600
c C
0
n
0
n
15
20
n C 0 = 1, 96 = 6, 83 .
15
15
Vy phi o t nht 7 ln.
Bi 4. o ng knh X(mm) ca mt chi tit my do mt my tin t ng sn xut, ta ghi
nhn c s liu nh sau:
X
MATHEDUCARE.COM
10
T=
( X )
SX
St(n 1) .
Vi s liu mu, ta c
T=
(12, 21 )
53
0,103
St(52) N(0,1).
= XC
SX
n
= 12, 21 1, 96
0,103
53
ta phi c C
SX
n
SX
n
0, 02
0,103
n C X = 1, 96
= 101, 89 .
0,
02
0,
02
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35
37
39
41
43
45
47
ni
10
11
Gi s khi lng X (kg) tun theo quy lut phn phi chun.
a) Hy c lng khong cho khi lng trung bnh cc con heo 3 thng tui trong tri
trn vi tin cy 95%.
b) Heo c khi lng 38kg l heo t tiu chun. Hy tm c lng t l heo t
chun vi tin cy 90%.
Gii
Vi s liu, ta c : c mu n = 45 , trung bnh X = 40, 96 , phng sai S2X = 9, 73 .
a) c lng trung bnh tng th khi cha bit phng sai tng th ta dng thng
k
T=
( X )
SX
St(n 1) .
Vi s liu mu, ta c
T=
( 40, 96 )
45
3,12
St(44) N(0,1).
= XC
SX
n
= 40, 96 1, 96
3,12
45
10 +11 + 8 + 5 + 3
45
0, 8222 .
MATHEDUCARE.COM
T=
( f p)
f (1 f )
St(n 1) .
Vi s liu mu, ta c
T=
( 0, 8222 p )
45
0, 8222(1 0, 8222)
St(44) N(0,1).
f (1 f )
0, 8222(1 0, 8222)
= 0, 8222 1, 64
,
n
45
p = f C
(X )
SX
St ( n 1) ,
Vi s liu mu, ta c
T=
(137, 83 )
4, 41
12
St (11) .
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Vi tin cy = 0, 95 , ta c C = t11
= 2, 201 . Do c lng trung bnh cho bi
0.05
SX
= XC
4, 41
= 137, 83 2, 201
12
(n 1)S2X
2 (n 1) ,
2
ngha l
Y=
11 (19, 42)
2
2 (11) .
1
.
2
Do
3, 816
(n 1)S2X
2
21, 925 ,
v ta nhn c bt ng thc
11 (19, 42 )
21, 925
11 (19, 42 )
3, 816
SX
n
, nn sai s ny khng qu = 1 , ta
MATHEDUCARE.COM
SX
n
= 1.
Suy ra
S
n C X
4, 41
= 2, 201
= 94, 2 .
1
11 - 15
15 - 19
19 23
23 - 27
27 - 31
31 - 35
35 - 39
20
16
16
13
18
S sn phm
1
Y= 2
(X
i =1
0 ) 2 (n) .
2
X 0
12
12
20
16
16
13
18
T ta tm c c mu n = 100,
n i ( X i 0 ) = 5728
2
MATHEDUCARE.COM
1
b
2
i =1
ni ( X i 0 )
1
,
a
i =1
2
n i ( X i 0 ) = 44, 211; 73, 503
b) c lng phng sai tng th khi cha bit trung bnh ca tng th, ta dng
thng k
Y=
(n 1)S2X
2 (n 1) ,
2
ngha l
Y=
99 ( 55, 991)
2 ( 99) .
(n 1)S2X (n 1)S2X
,
= 42, 784; 71,130
b
a
Bi 8. Trong kho c 10000 hp tht. Kim tra ngu nhin 100 hp thy c 5 hp b hng.
Vi tin cy 95%, tnh xem trong kho c khong bao nhiu hp b hng.
Gii
Gi N l s hp tht b hng trong kho
T l (tng th) nhng hp b hng: p =
T l (mu) nhng hp b hng: f =
N
.
10000
5
= 0, 05 .
100
T=
( f p)
f (1 f )
St(n 1) .
Vi s liu mu, ta c
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T=
( 0, 05 p )
100
0, 05(1 0, 05)
St(99) N(0,1).
p = f C
f (1 f )
0, 05(1 0, 05)
= 0, 05 1, 96
,
n
100
1000
.
1000 + N
9
= 0, 09 .
100
T=
(f p)
f (1 f )
St(n 1) .
Vi s liu mu, ta c
T=
( 0, 09 p )
100
0, 09(1 0, 09)
St(99) N(0,1).
p = f C
f (1 f )
0, 09(1 0, 09)
= 0, 09 1, 64
,
n
100
MATHEDUCARE.COM
20 - 30 30 - 35 35 - 40 40 - 45
45 - 50
50- 55
55 60
60 - 70
38
30
15
(triu /ngy)
S ngy
10
25
30
40
T=
( X )
SX
St(n 1) .
Vi s liu mu, ta c
T=
( 44,133 )
9, 382
196
St(195) N(0,1).
= XC
SX
n
= 44,133 1, 96
9, 382
196
T=
( f p)
f (1 f )
St(n 1) .
78
30 +15 + 8
196
0, 27041 .
MATHEDUCARE.COM
Vi s liu mu, ta c
T=
( 0, 27041 p )
196
0, 27041(1 0, 27041)
St(195) N(0,1).
p = f C
f (1 f )
0, 27041(1 0, 27041)
= 0, 27041 2, 58
,
n
196
N
.
360
Bi tp rn luyn
Bi 1. Quan st thi gian cn thit sn xut mt chi tit my, ta thu c s liu cho bng
sau
Khong thi gian
S ln quan st
(pht)
20 - 25
25 - 30
14
30 - 35
26
35 - 40
32
40 - 45
14
45 - 50
50 - 55
20
41
79
19
MATHEDUCARE.COM
6500
5200
4800
4900
5125
6200
5375
T kinh nghim ngh nghip, ngi ta cng bit rng sc bn c phn phi chun vi
lch chun = 300 . Hy c lng sc bn trung bnh ca loi ng trn, vi tin cy
90%.
p s: 5151; 5499 .
Bi 4. Trc bu c, ngi ta phng vn ngu nhin 2000 c tri th thy c 1380 ngi ng
h mt ng c vin K. Vi tin cy 95%, hi ng c vin thu c ti thiu bao nhiu
phn trm phiu bu ?
p s: 67%.
Bi 5. a) Mun c lng t l bnh st xut huyt Tp. H Ch Minh vi sai s khng qu
3% tin cy 95% th phi quan st t nht bao nhiu ngi ?
b) Gi s quan st 100 ngi thy c 20 ngi b bnh st xut huyt. Hy c lng
t l bnh st xut huyt Tp. H Ch Minh tin cy 97%. Nu mun sai s c lng
khng qu 3% tin cy 95% th phi quan st t nht bao nhiu ngi ?
p s: a) 1068 ngi; b) p 0,1132; 0, 2868 ; 683 ngi.
MATHEDUCARE.COM
p s: 34865; 87719 .
Bi 9. Sn lng mi ngy ca mt phn xng l bin ngu nhin tun theo lut chun. Kt
qu thng k ca 9 ngy cho ta :
27
26
21
28
25
30
26
23
26
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
S qu
15
26
28
0, 0143; 0, 0857 .
Bi 12. Chiu di ca mt loi sn phm c xut khu hng lot l bin ngu nhin phn
phi chun vi = 100mm va 2 = 42 mm 2 . Kim tra ngu nhin 25 sn phm. Kh nng
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chiu di trung bnh ca s sn phm kim tra nm trong khong t 98mm n 101mm l
bao nhiu.
p s: 0,8828.
Bi 13. Chn ngu nhin 36 cng nhn ca x nghip th thy lng trung bnh l 380 ngn
/thng. Gi s lng cng nhn tun theo lut chun vi = 14 ngn ng. Vi tin cy
95%, hy c lng mc lng trung bnh ca cng nhn trong ton x nghip.
p s: 375, 427; 384, 573 .
Bi 14. im trung bnh mn ton ca 100 th sinh d thi vo HKT l 5 vi lch chun
mu iu chnh SX = 2, 5 .
a) c lng im trung bnh mn ton ca ton th th sinh vi tin cy l 95%.
b) Vi sai s 0,25 im. Hy xc nh tin cy.
p s: a) 4, 51; 5, 49 ; b) 68,26%.
Bi 15. Tui th ca mt loi bng n c bit theo quy lut chun vi lch chun 100
gi.
a) Chn ngu nhin 100 bng n th nghim, thy mi bng tui th trung bnh l
1000 gi. Hy c lng tui th trung bnh ca bng n x nghip A sn xut vi tin cy
l 95%.
b) Vi chnh xc l 15 gi. Hy xc nh tin cy.
c) Vi chnh xc l 25 gi v tin cy l 95% th cn th nghim bao nghiu bng.
p s: a) 980, 4;1019, 6 ; b) 86,64%; c) 62.
Bi 16. Khi lng cc bao bt m ti mt ca hng lng thc theo quy lut chun. Kim
tra 20 bao, thy khi lng trung bnh ca mi bao bt m l 48kg, v phng sai mu c
iu chnh l S2X = ( 0, 5kg ) .
2
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Bi 17. c lng t l sn phm xu ca mt kho hp, ngi ta kim tra ngu nhin
100 hp thy c 11 hp xu.
a) c lng t l sn phm xu ca kho hp vi tin cy 94%.
b) Vi sai s cho php = 3% , hy xc nh tin cy.
p s: a) p 0, 051; 0,169 ; b) 66,3%.
Bi 19. iu tra nng sut la trn din tch 100 hec ta trng la ca mt vng, ta thu c
bng s liu sau :
Nng sut (t/ha)
41
44
45
46
48
52
54
10
20
30
15
10
10
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MATHEDUCARE.COM
S chi tit
19,80 - 19,85
19,85 - 19,90
19,90 - 19,95
16
19,95 - 20,00
28
20,00 - 20,05
23
20,05 - 20,10
14
20,10 - 20,15
20,15 - 20,20
Quy nh nhng chi tit c ng knh 19,9mm n 20,1mm l nhng chi tit t tiu
chun.
a) c lng ng knh trung bnh ca nhng chi tit t tiu chun vi tin cy
95%.
b) c lng t l chi tit t tiu chun vi tin cy 95%.
c) Mun c lng ng knh trung bnh ca chi tit t tiu chun mun chnh
xc t 0,02mm v khi c lng t l chi tit t tiu chun mun chnh xc l 5%, vi
cng tin cy l 99% th cn o thm bao nhiu chi tit na.
p s: a) 19, 986; 20, 008 ; b) p 0, 733; 0, 887 ; c) 310.
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Bi 21. Kch thc ca mt chi tit my l mt i lng ngu nhin c phn phi chun.
Trong mt mu gm 30 chi tit my c kim tra, ta tnh c X = 0, 47cm v
SX = 0, 032 cm. Tm khong tin cy cho phng sai v trung bnh chun ca kch thc ca
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Tm tt l thuyt.
5.1.1.Kim nh tham s.
Quan st mu X 1 , X 2 , ..., X n c lp v c cng phn phi chun N ( ; 2 ) , ta c mt
s bi ton kim nh tham s sau :
5.1.1.1. So snh trung bnh tng th vi mt s 0 cho trc.
Nu bit phng sai tng th 2 = 02 , ta c m hnh
H : =
0
a)
H
:
Khi H ng, ta c
Z=
(X )
0
N ( 0;1)
0
a)
H
:
Khi H ng, ta c
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MATHEDUCARE.COM
(X )
0
SX
St ( n 1) .
0
a)
H
:
p
p
0
Khi H ng, ta c
Z=
( f p0 )
p0q 0
N ( 0;1) ,
vi q 0 = 1 p 0 v f l t l ca mu.
b) Vi nguy c sai lm , hay tin cy = 1 , cho trc, ta tm c khong tin
cy [ C, C] cho Z.
c) Do f, n c c t mu, p0 cho trc nn ta tnh c gi tr c th ca Z.
d) So snh Z vi khong tin cy :
Z > C : bc b H,
Z C : chp nhn H.
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MATHEDUCARE.COM
X
Y
a)
H
:
X
Y
Khi H ng, ta c
T=
vi S2 =
XY
S
1
n
1
m
St ( n + m 2 ) ,
( n 1) S2X + ( m 1) S2Y .
n+m2
T C : chp nhn H.
88
MATHEDUCARE.COM
Y1 , Y2 , ..., Ym ;
1
m
1
n
l t l (tn sut) ca mu
i =1
l t l (tn sut) ca mu Y.
j=1
X
Y
a)
H
:
p
p
X
Y
Khi H ng, ta c
T=
vi p =
fX fY
pq ( n1 +
1
m
St ( n + m 2) ,
nf X + mf Y
, q = 1 p.
n+m
89
MATHEDUCARE.COM
T cc mu, ta tnh c cc phng sai mu S2X , S2Y v khng mt tnh tng qut, ta
c th gi s SX SY . Ta so snh hai phng sai 2X v 2Y bng cch dng m hnh
H : 2X = 2Y
2
2
H : X > Y
a)
Khi H ng, ta c
F=
S2X
F ( n 1, m 1) .
S2Y
Khi , cc php kim nh phi tham s nhm mc ch so snh trc tip cc b s liu
nh vy vi nhau hay so snh chng vi mt b s liu l thuyt no .
5.1.2.1. So snh b s liu quan st vi b s liu l thuyt.
Trong trng hp ny, vi mt b s liu quan st,
N1 , N2 , ..., Nr ,
90
MATHEDUCARE.COM
trong b s liu l thuyt ny c tnh theo quy lut phn phi cc phm tr trong tng
th cho trc.
Khi , nh l Pearson cho ta m hnh kim nh sau
a)
Vi
r
Q=
(N
i =1
Ni )
Ni
(N
=
N1 )
N1
(N
+
N2 )
N2
(N
+ ... +
Nr )
Nr
liu l thuyt.
Q 2 ( r k 1) , nu c k tham s cn c lng trong qu trnh tnh cc s liu l
91
MATHEDUCARE.COM
P. tr 2
...
P. tr r
B 1
N1,1
N1,2
...
N1,r
B 2
N2,1
N2,2
...
N2,r
Nk,1
Nk,2
...
Nk,r .
...
B k
P. tr 2
...
P. tr r
B 1
N1,1
N1,2
...
N1,r
H1
B 2
N2,1
N2,2
...
N2,r
H2
...
...
...
...
...
...
B k
Nk,1
Nk,2
...
Nk,r .
Hk
C1
C2
...
Cr
trong
r
Hi =
i, j
i, j
j=1
Cj =
N
i =1
v
92
MATHEDUCARE.COM
N=
i=1
Hi =
i=1
N i, j =
j=1
Cj =
j=1
i =1
j=1
i, j
C1
N
C2
N
...
t l ca cc phm tr r trong tng th l p r =
Cr
N
P. tr 2
...
P. tr r
B 1
N1,1
N1,2
...
N1,r
B 2
N2,1
N2,2
...
N2,r
Nk,1
Nk,2
...
Nk,r .
...
B k
trong
Ni. j = p j Hi =
C j Hi
N
Q=
i =1
(N
j=1
i, j
N i, j )
Ni, j
H :
H :
93
MATHEDUCARE.COM
Q C : chp nhn H.
Ch :
i ) Cng thc tnh Q nu trn cn c th vit li thnh (xem chng minh trong phn
ph lc)
Q = N
i =1
j=1
(N )
1 .
Hi C j
i, j
ii) Trng hp ta so snh hai bng s liu nhng li so snh tng cp s liu vi
nhau. Chng hn, vi hai bng s liu
X1
X2
...
Xn
Y1
Y2
...
Yn
ta khng phi ta so snh hai b s liu vi nhau m l so snh s sai khc ca tng cp s
liu xem n c ngha khng. Do vy, ta xt hiu s
D i = X i Yi , vi i = 1, 2, ..., n .
MATHEDUCARE.COM
H :
H :
H : D 0
5.2.
Bi tp mu
Kim nh tham s
Bi 1. o cholesterol ( n v mg%) cho mt nhm ngi, ta ghi nhn li c
Chol.
S ngi
150
160 -
170 -
180 -
190 -
200 -
160
170
180
190
200
210
11
n i Yi
n i Yi2
-4
-12
48
165
-2
-18
36
175
Lp
Tn s
Xi
150-160
155
160-170
170-180
11
Yi =
95
MATHEDUCARE.COM
180-190
185
12
190-200
195
32
200-210
205
36
Tng
29
-10
164
cng
T , suy ra
Y=
Do Y =
X 175
5
1
n
10
n Y = 29 = 0.3448 .
i
i =1
Ngoi ra
1
S =
n 1
2
Y
i =1
164 29 ( 0, 3448)
n i Y nY =
= 5, 734 ,
28
2
i
do S2Y = ( 15 ) S2X , ta c
2
n x
i
= 173, 28 ,
i =1
v phng sai mu l
S2X =
28
i =1
n i x 2i 29X 2 = 143, 35 .
b) c lng trung bnh tng th khi cha bit phng sai tng th, ta dng thng
k
T=
(X )
SX
St ( n 1) .
96
MATHEDUCARE.COM
= 2, 048 sao
Vi tin cy = 0, 95 , t bng phn phi Student, ta tm c C = t 28
0,05
cho
P ( 2, 048 T 2, 048 ) = 0, 95 ,
thay T =
( X )
SX
, ta c
X
P 2, 048 T =
SX
2, 048 = 0, 95 .
SX
S
; X + 2, 048 X = 168, 73;177, 83 .
X 2, 048
n
n
H :
Gi tr mu ph hp ti liu
Gi tr mu khng ph hp ti liu
(X )
0
Sx
St(28) .
Vi = 0, 05 , ta tm c C = t 28
= 2, 048 . T s liu ca mu, ta c
0,05
T=
(173, 28 175)
11, 97
29
= 0, 774 .
0,95
0,97
0,99
97
1,01
1,03
1,05
MATHEDUCARE.COM
S gi
31
40
15
H : 1
Nu H ng th
T=
(X )
0
SX
St(99) N(0;1) .
( 0, 9856 1)
0, 021
100
= 6, 86 .
12
13
15
16
17
18
19
S ngy
98
MATHEDUCARE.COM
b) Sau khi tnh ton, ng ch ca hng ni rng nu trung bnh mt ngy khng bn c 15
o hoa th chng th ng ca cn hn. Da vo s liu trn, anh (ch) hy kt lun gip
ng ch ca hng xem c nn tip tc bn hay khng mc ngha 5%.
c) Gi s nhng ngy bn c t 13 n 17 o hng l nhng ngy bnh thng. Hy
c lng t l ca nhng ngy bnh thng ca ca hng tin cy 90%. ( Gi thit rng
s hoa bn ra trong ngy c phn phi chun).
Gii
a) Trung bnh X = 15, 4 , SX = 1, 871 , n = 25 .
b) Xt gi thit H : nn bn tip, ta c bi ton kim nh
H : = 0 = 15
H : < 0 = 15
Nu H ng th
T=
(X 0 ) n
St(24) .
SX
T s liu ca cu a, ta c
T=
(X 0 ) n
SX
(15, 4 15). 25
= 1, 07 .
1, 871
Vi mc ngha = 0, 05 2 = 0,1 th C = t 24
= 1, 711 .
0,1
V T C , nn ta chp nhn H, ngha l ng ch nn tip tc bn.
c) Ta c t l mu nhng ngy bnh thng l
f =
2+7+7+3
= 0, 76 .
25
(f p)
f (1 f )
St(n 1) = St(24) .
99
MATHEDUCARE.COM
f (1 f )
0, 76(1 0, 76)
= 0, 76 1, 711
= 0, 76 0,146 .
n
25
3000-
3200-
3400-
3600-
3800-
3200
3400
3600
3800
4000
S b trai
10
S b gi
10
10
3100
3300
3500
3700
3900
n1
10
n2
10
10
Tng s
13
18
15
a) T s liu ca mu, ta c
X = 3588 , Y = 3450 ,
S2X =
24
i =1
2
n1i x2i 24X = 40266, 67 ,
100
MATHEDUCARE.COM
1
S =
27
2
Y
i =1
2
n 2i y i2 24Y = 37407, 41 .
b) Ta xt bi ton kim nh
2
2
H : X = X
2
2
H : X < Y
Nu H ng th
F=
S2X
S2Y
F(n, m) F ( 24, 27 ) .
S2X
S
2
Y
40266, 67
= 1, 076 .
37407, 41
H : X Y
Nu H ng th
T=
XY
St(n + m 2) = St(25 + 28 2) = St(51) N(0;1) ,
1 1
S
+
n m
trong
S2 =
( n 1) S
2
X
+ ( m 1) S2Y
n+m2
24 40266, 67 + 27 37407, 41
= 38752, 94
25 + 28 2
S = 196, 86 ;
Vi mc ngha = 0, 05 th C = Z0,475 = 1, 96 .
101
MATHEDUCARE.COM
Vi s liu cu a), ta c
T=
XY
1 1
S
+
n m
3588 3450
= 2, 581 .
1
1
196, 86
+
25 28
V T > C , nn ta bc b H, ngha l X Y .
d) Nhp hai mu li. Gi Z l mu nhp. T bng s liu, ta c
Z=
1
( 3100 3 + 3300 13 + 3500 18 + 3700 15 + 3900 4 ) = 3515,1,
53
(Z )
SZ
( 3515,1 )
53
206, 98
St(52) N(0;1) .
Vi tin cy = 0, 95 th C = 1, 96 , ta suy ra
Z = 3515,1 1, 96
206, 98
53
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
S sn phm tng ng
7 4 5 7 6 6 1
MATHEDUCARE.COM
a) Ta c
X = 2, 64, S2X = 3, 38 , SX = 1, 838 , n = 36 .
(X )
SX
St ( n 1) = St ( 35) N ( 0;1) .
; X + C. X = 2,136; 3,144 .
X C.
n
n
H : 0 3
Nu H ng th
T=
(X 0 ) n
St ( 35 ) N ( 0;1) .
SX
Vi mc ngha = 0, 05 th C = 1, 96 , v
T=
(X 0 ) n
SX
(2, 64 3). 36
= 1,175 .
1, 838
Gii
Ta c bi ton kim nh
103
MATHEDUCARE.COM
H :
H :
a)
Th phm
tt
25
50
50
25
Hng
Th phm
0,1 150 = 15
0, 3 150 = 45
tt
0, 4 150 = 60
0, 2 150 = 30
v khi
4
Q=
i =1
( Ni Ni )
Ni
2 (3)
(1)
Bi 7. Quan st ngu nhin mt s trng hp trong 3 l thuc (rt nhiu), ta ghi nhn c
Tt
Tm dng
Hng
L A
125
52
23
L B
117
61
22
L C
178
97
25
104
MATHEDUCARE.COM
Tt
Tm dng
Hng
Tng
L A
125
52
23
200
L B
117
61
22
200
L C
178
97
25
300
Tng
420
210
70
700
Xt bi ton kim nh
H :
H :
Nu H ng th
P(tot) =
P(tam) =
52 + 61 + 97
= 0, 3 , v
700
P(hong) =
23 + 22 + 25
= 0,1 .
700
Tm dng
Hng
L A
0, 6 200 = 120
0, 3 200 = 60
0,1 200 = 20
L B
0, 6 200 = 120
0, 3 200 = 60
0,1 200 = 20
L C
0, 6 300 = 180
0, 3 300 = 90
0,1 300 = 30
MATHEDUCARE.COM
Tm dng
Hng
Tng
L A
420 200
700
210 200
700
70 200
700
200
L B
420 200
700
210 200
700
70 200
700
200
L C
420 300
700
210 300
700
70 300
700
300
Tng
420
210
70
700
52 )
25 )
(
(
Q = 700
+
+ ... +
1 .
200 420 200 210
70 300
Bi 8. Trong mt cng ty, ngi ta chn ngu nhin 1000 cng nhn v theo di s ngy
ngh ca h trong mt nm. Kt qu thu c :
Gii tnh N
Nam
S ngy ngh
05
300
500
5 20
80
70
> 20
20
30
Vi mc ngha 1%, hy kim nh gi thit cho rng s ngh vic khng ph thuc
vo gii tnh.
Gii
Ta c bi ton kim nh
H :
H :
Nu H ng th
Gi A l n
106
MATHEDUCARE.COM
P(A) =
300 + 80 + 20
= 0, 4 ,
1000
P(A) =
500 + 70 + 30
= 0, 6 .
1000
Nam
05
320
480
5 20
60
150
> 20
20
50
S ngy ngh
B hoc m
B m ly
Cn c b
cht
hn
Khng phm ti
20
25
13
Phm ti
29
43
18
MATHEDUCARE.COM
Ta c bi ton kim nh
H :
H :
Nu H ng th
P(X) =
20 + 29
= 0, 331 ,
148
P(Y) =
25 + 43
= 0, 459 ,
148
P(Z) =
13 + 18
= 0, 209 .
148
Khng phm ti
19
27
12
Phm ti
30
41
19
nh
Tnh trng phm ti
(N N )2
1
4
1
1
4
1
=
+
+
+
+
+
= 0, 468.
19
27
12
30
41
19
N
/
MATHEDUCARE.COM
Gii
t
p1 :
p2 :
Ta c bi ton kim nh
H : p1 = p2
H : p1 p2
V f1 =
10 1
26
= , v f2 =
= 0, 26 , nn ta c
90 9
100
p=
nf1 + mf 2
n+m
90.
1
26
+ 100.
9
100 = 0,1895 .
90 + 100
Nu H ng th
T=
XY
S
1
n
1
m
St ( n + m 2) = St (188 ) N ( 0;1) .
Vi mc ngha = 0, 05 th C = 1, 96 , v do
T=
f1 f2
1 1
p(1 p) +
n m
1
0, 26
9
= 2, 616 .
1
1
0,1895 0, 8105
+
90 100
109
MATHEDUCARE.COM
H : p = 2
H : p 1
Nu H ng th Z =
V f =
( f p)
pq
N(0;1) .
18
= 0, 391 nn ta c
18 + 28
Z=
( 0, 391 0, 5)
46
0, 5 0, 5
= 1, 48 .
Vi mc ngha = 0, 05 , ta tm c C = 1, 96 .
V Z C , nn ta chp nhn H, ngha l t l mc bnh B ca b trai v b gi l nh nhau.
Bi 12. Thng k s tai nn lao ng ti 2 x nghip, ta c cc s liu sau :
S cng nhn
S tai nn lao ng
200
20
800
120
X nghip
H :
Nu H ng th
P(Cong nhan) =
P(tai nan) =
200 + 800
= 0.8772
1140
20 + 120
= 0,123 .
1140
110
MATHEDUCARE.COM
S tai nn lao ng
193
27
807
113
X nghip
( N N 0, 5)2
/
=
N
42, 25 42, 25 42, 25 42, 25
=
+
+
+
= 2, 21.
193
27
807
113
/
H : 138, 3
(X )
0
SX
St ( n 1) = St ( 79) N ( 0;1) .
T s liu ca mu ta tm c gi tr ca T l
111
MATHEDUCARE.COM
T=
( X 138, 3)
SX
(120 138, 3)
80
15
= 10, 91 .
Vi mc ngha = 0, 05 , ta c C = 1, 96 .
V T > C , nn ta bc b H, ngha l lng huyt t trung bnh ca cng nhn nh my
thp hn mc chung.
Bi 14. Hm lng ng trong mu ca cng nhn sau 5 gi lm vic vi my siu cao tn
o c hai thi im trc v sau 5 gi lm vic. Ta c kt qu sau :
Trc n1 = 50 , th X = 60mg% , SX = 7 .
Sau n 2 = 40 , th Y = 52mg% , SY = 9, 2 .
Vi mc ngha = 0, 05 , c th khng nh hm lng ng trong mu sau 5 gi
lm vic gim i hay khng ?
Gii
Ta c bi ton kim nh
H : X = Y
H : X Y
Theo gi thit, ta c
(n
S2 =
1) S2X + ( n2 1) S2Y
n1 + n 2 2
49 49 + 39 84.64
= 64, 795,
50 + 40 2
do S = 8, 05 .
Nu H ng th
T=
XY
S
1
n1
1
n2
St ( n1 + n 2 2 ) = St ( 89 ) N ( 0;1) .
112
MATHEDUCARE.COM
T=
XY
1
1
S
+
n1 n2
60 52
1
1
8.05
+
50 40
= 4, 68
Vi mc ngha = 0, 05 , ta c C = 1, 96 .
V T > C : nn ta bc b H, ngha l hm lng ng trong mu sau 5 gi lm vic
gim i.
Bi 15. nh gi tc dng ca mt ch n bi dng m du hiu quan st l s hng
cu. Ngi ta m s hng cu ca 20 ngi trc v sau khi n bi dng :
xi
32
40
38
42
41
35
36
47
50
30
yi
40
45
42
50
52
43
48
45
55
34
xi
38
45
43
36
50
38
42
41
45
44
yi
32
54
58
30
60
35
50
48
40
50
-6
15
-6
11
10
-3
12
-2
-5
-4
MATHEDUCARE.COM
H : d 0
Nu H ng th
T
( d 0)
Sd
St ( n 1) = St (19) .
T , ta tm c gi tr ca T l
T=
(d 0) n (6, 9 0) 20
=
= 7, 21 .
Sd
4, 28
Vi mc ngha = 0, 05 th C = t19
= 2, 093 .
0,05
V T > C , nn ta bc b H, ngha l ch thc n bi dng lm thay i hng cu.
Bi 16. Trong t thi ua, phn xng A bo co cht lng sn phm lm ra nh sau : c
85% loi 1; 10% loi 2 v 5% loi 3. Ban thi ua ly ngu nhin t l sn phm cha
phn loi ca phn xng A ra 100 sn phm, thy c 80 loi 1, 13 loi 2 v 7 loi 3. Vi
mc ngha1%, c th kt lun g v bo co ca phn xng A ?
Gii
Bng s liu quan st ca phn xng A
Loi 1
Loi 2
Loi 3
Sn phm
80
13
T l
0,85
0,1
0,05
Loi 2
Sn phm
85
10
T l
0,85
0,1
0,05
Loi 3
MATHEDUCARE.COM
Q=
V ta c bi ton kim nh
H :
H :
D bo ca phn xng A l ng
D bo ca phn xng A l khng ng
Nu H ng th Q 2 (2) .
Vi mc ngha = 0, 01 th C = 20,01 (2) = 9, 21 .
V Q C , nn ta chp nhn H, ngha l d bo ca phn xng A l ng.
5.3.
Bi tp rn luyn
Kim nh tham s
Bi 1. Gim c mt x nghip cho bit lng trung bnh ca 1 cng nhn thuc x nghip l
760 ngn /thng. Chn ngu nhin 36 cng nhn thy lng trung bnh l 700 ngn
/thng, vi lch chun = 80 . Li bo co ca gim c c tin cy c khng, vi
mc c ngha l 5%.
p s: Z = 4, 5 , bc b.
Bi 2. Khi lng cc bao go l bin ngu nhin c phn phi chun N ( 50; 0, 01) . C nhiu
kin khch hng phn nh l khi lng b thiu. Mt nhm thanh tra cn ngu nhin
25 bao go trong kho, kt qu nh sau :
Khi lng bao go
48-
48,5-
49-
49,5-
50-
(kg)
48,5
49
49,5
50
50,5
S bao
10
Hy xem kin khch hng c ng khng bng cch kim tra gi thit = 50 v i
thit < 50, = 0, 05 .
p s: Z = 36, 5 , bc b.
Bi 3. Trong iu kin chn nui bnh thng, lng sa trung bnh ca 1 con b l
14kg/ngy. Nghi ng iu kin chn nui km i lm cho lng sa gim xung, ngi ta
115
MATHEDUCARE.COM
iu tra ngu nhin 25 con v tnh c lng sa trung bnh ca 1 con trong 1 ngy l 12,5
v lch tiu chun 2,5. Vi mc ngha 5%. Hy kt lun iu nghi ng ni trn. Gi
thit lng sa b l 1 bin ngu nhin c phn phi chun.
p s: T = 3 , bc b.
Bi 4. i vi ngi Vit Nam lng huyt sc t trung bnh l 138,3g/l. Khm cho 80 cng
nhn nh my c tip xc ho cht thy huyt sc t trung bnh l 120g/l; v lch chun
15g/l. T kt qu trn c th kt lun lng huyt sc t trung bnh ca cng nhn nh my
ny thp hn mc chung hay khng, vi mc ngha 5%.
p s: T = 10, 912 , bc b.
Bi 5. Mt ca hng thc phm nhn thy thi gian va qua trung bnh mt khch hng mua
25 ngn ng thc phm trong ngy. Nay ca hng chn ngu nhin 15 khch hng thy
trung bnh mt khch hng mua 24 ngn ng trong ngy v phng sai mu hiu chnh l
S2 = ( 2 ngan ong ) .
2
Vi mc ngha l 5%, th xem c phi sc mua ca khch hng hin nay c thc s
gim st hay khng.
p s: T = 1, 94 , chp nhn.
Bi 6. iu tra mt mu gm 100 gia nh vng nng thn ngi ta thu c kt qu v
chi tiu trung bnh hng thng ca cc gia nh l 3,455 triu ng vi lch chun l
0,3 triu ng. Vi mc ngha 5% c th cho rng chi tiu trung bnh hng thng ca cc
gia nh t hn 3,5 triu hay khng. Gi thit mc chi tiu c phn phi chun.
p s: T = 1, 5 , chp nhn gi thuyt.
Bi 7. Khi lng trung bnh khi xut chung mt tri chn nui trc l 3,3 kg/con. Nm
nay ngi ta s dng mt loi thc n mi, cn th 15 con khi xut chung ta c cc s
liu nh sau:
3,25; 2,50; 4,00; 3,75; 3,80; 3,90; 4,02; 3,60; 3,80; 3,20; 3,82; 3,40; 3,75; 4,00; 3,50
Gi thit khi lng g l i lng ngu nhin c phn phi theo quy lut chun.
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MATHEDUCARE.COM
b) c lng khi lng trung bnh ca loi sn phm ny hin nay vi tin cy
95%.
p s: a) ; b) .
Bi 12. Trng cng mt ging la trn hai tha rung nh nhau v bn hai loi phn khc
nhau. n ngy thu hoch ta c kt qu nh sau : Tha th nht ly mu 1000 bng la thy
s ht trung bnh ca mi bng X = 70 ht v SX = 10 . Tha th hai ly mu 500 bng thy
s ht trung bnh mi bng Y = 72 ht v SY = 20 . Hi s khc nhau gia X va Y l ngu
nhin hay bn cht, vi mc ngha 5%?
p s: T = 2, 58 , bc b.
Bi 13. so snh khi lng trung bnh ca tr s sinh thnh th v nng thn, ngi ta
th cn khi lng ca 10000 chu v thu c kt qu sau y :
S chu
Khi lng
lch
c cn
trung bnh
chun mu
Nng thn
8000
3,0kg
0,3kg
Thnh th
2000
3,2kg
0,2kg
Vng
Vi mc ngha 5%, c th coi khi lng trung bnh ca tr s sinh thnh th cao
hn nng thn hay khng? (Gi thit khi lng tr s sinh l bin ngu nhin c phn
phi chun).
p s: T = 28, 28 , bc b gi thuyt.
Bi 14. Hm lng ng trong mu ca cng nhn sau 3 gi lm vic vi my siu cao tn
c o 2 thi im trc v sau 3 gi lm vic. Ta c kt qu sau :
Trc :
n1 = 50 :
X = 60mg%;
S1 = 7mg%
Sau :
n2 = 40 :
Y = 52mg%;
S2 = 9, 2mg%
MATHEDUCARE.COM
Bi 15. Trong thp nin 80, khi lng trung bnh ca thanh nin l 48kg. Nay xc nh
li khi lng y, ngi ta chn ngu nhin 100 thanh nin o khi lng trung bnh l 50kg
v phng sai mu hiu chnh S2 = (10kg ) .
2
a) Th xem khi lng thanh nin hin nay phi chng c thay i, vi mc c ngha
l 1%.
b) Nu khi lng thc t ca ngi thanh nin l a1 = 51kg th xc sut mc sai lm
loi 2 l bao nhiu.
c) Nu mun xc sut mc sai lm loi 1 l 1% v xc sut mc sai lm loi 2 khng
vt qu 5% th phi o khi lng ca bao nhiu thanh nin nu khi lng trung bnh thc
t ca thanh nin hin nay khng vt qu 52kg.
d) Nu mun xc sut mc sai lm loi 1 l 1% v xc sut mc sai lm loi 2 khng
vt qu 5% th phi o khi lng ca bao nhiu thanh nin nu khi lng trung bnh thc
t ca thanh nin hin nay trong khong (44 ; 52)kg.
p s:
Kim nh phi tham s
Bi 16. Cng mt loi ht ging em x l theo 2 phng n khc nhau. Kt qu quan st
chiu cao cy con ca mi phng n c cho di y
Phng n I
Phng n II
39,2
29
28,5
33,5
41,7
37,2
37,3
27,7
23,4
33,4
29,2
35,6
20,8
33,8
28,6
23,4
22,7
30,9
31,0
27,4
19,5
29,6
23,2
18,7
20,7
17,6
29,4
27,7
25,5
14,5
Hy dng tiu chun phi tham s kim tra xem 2 phng n x l c nh hng n
sinh trng chiu cao cy con hay khng, vi mc ngha 5%.
p s:
119
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78
85
70
90
78
92
88 75
Y 75
77
80
70
84
74
85
82 80
X 75
63
72
89
76
77
71
83 78
82
90
Y 65
62
71
83
72
82
71
79 76
83
81
Dng tiu chun phi tham s kim tra xem ch n king c tc dng lm gim khi
lng hay khng, vi mc ngha 5%.
p s: T = 3, 39 , bc b gi thuyt.
Bi 18. Dng 3 phng n x l ht ging kt qu cho nh sau :
Kt qu
S ht mc
360
603
490
S ht khng mc
40
97
180
Vng nu Nu
en Vng hoe
Xanh
25
Xm
13
17
10
Nu mc
13
MATHEDUCARE.COM
62
28
70
75
15
488
392
280
515
185
PX I
Cht lng
PX
PX
II
III
Loi I
70
80
60
Loi II
25
20
15
Loi III
10
MATHEDUCARE.COM
10
S mu
10
S hp
14
110
70
S my
13
10
122
MATHEDUCARE.COM
S hp b hng/thng
S thng
116
56
22
S ngy
10
32
46
35
20
sut
8-9
(tn/ha)
S trng hp
15
21
23
16
123
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124
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MT S THAM KHO
1
Cu 1. Mt nh my c 3 phn xng A, B, C tng ng lm ra 25%, 35% v 40% tng sn
phm ca nh my. Gi s xc sut lm ra mt sn phm hng ca cc phn xng A, B v
C ln lt l 0,015; 0,025 v 0,035.
a) Tnh xc sut chn ngu nhin mt sn phm ca nh my th nhn phi sn
phm hng.
b) Bit rng nhn phi sn phm hng ca nh my. Theo bn sn phm hng do
phn xng no sn xut.
Cu 2. Mt nh my sn xut 100000 sn phm trong c 30000 sn phm loi A. KCS
n kim tra v ly ngu nhin khng hon li 500 sn phm ra th. Hy tnh xc sut s
sn phm loi A m KCS pht hin ra c
a) ng 150 sn phm,
b) T 145 n 155,
c) t hn 151.
Cu 3. em cn mt s tri cy va thu hoch, ta c kt qu sau :
Khi lng (g) 205
S tri
215
225
235
245
255
265
275
14
16
23
16
10
125
MATHEDUCARE.COM
1
2
th trng, xe ca Nht chim
th trng cn li l xe ca Vit Nam. Chn ngu
4
3
41
44
45
46
48
52
54
10
20
30
15
10
10
126
MATHEDUCARE.COM
b) Nu mun sai s c lng ca nng sut la trung bnh khng vt qu 0,5 t/ha,
vi tin cy 99% th cn iu tra thm t nht bao nhiu hecta la na.
c) Nhng tha rung c nng sut t 48 t/ha tr ln c xem l nhng tha c nng
sut cao. Hy c lng t l din tch c nng sut cao trong vng vi tin cy 90%.
d) C ti liu cho bit nng sut la trung bnh l 47 t/ha. Gi tr ny c ph hp vi
mu quan st khng? (kt lun vi mc ngha 5%).
3
Cu 1. S liu thng k v doanh s bn (triu ng/ngy) ca mt siu th nh sau :
Doanh s
S ngy
Doanh s
S ngy
20 40
80 - 90
15
40 50
10
90 - 100
10
50 60
20
100 - 110
60 70
25
110 - 130
70 80
25
127
MATHEDUCARE.COM
sau :
i) loi 1 : trn 505 gam,
ii) loi 2 : t 495 n 505 gam,
iii) loi 3 : di 495 gam.
128
MATHEDUCARE.COM
Tnh t l mi loi.
Cu 3. Tin hnh iu tra s go bn ra hng ngy mt ca hng c kt qu sau :
S go bn ra (kg)
120
130
150
160
180
190
210
220
S ngy
12
25
30
20
13
8-12
12-14
129
14-16
16-20
20-30
MATHEDUCARE.COM
S ngi
12
20
45
15
MATHEDUCARE.COM
S
cy
14
30
25
12
0,7
0,3
Khch hng chn cch kim tra mua hng nh sau : T mi hp ly ngu nhin ra
3 sn phm kim tra, nu thy c 2 sn phm loi mt th mua hp . Ly ngu nhin 3
hp kim tra. Tnh xc sut c 2 hp c mua.
Cu 3. Kt qu quan st v hm lng vitamin ca mt loi tri cy, ta c s liu sau :
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MATHEDUCARE.COM
Hm lng (%)
6-7
7-8
8-9
9-10
10-11
11-12
S tri
10
20
35
25
0, 6
x3
0, 3
0, 5
p3
MATHEDUCARE.COM
ng knh (mm)
S chi tit
19,80 - 19,85
19,85 - 19,90
19,90 - 19,95
16
19,95 - 20,00
28
20,00 - 20,05
23
20,05 - 20,10
14
20,10 - 20,15
20,15 - 20,20
Gi s ng knh ca chi tit my c phn phi chun. Quy nh nhng chi tit c
ng knh t 19,9 mm n 20,1 mm l nhng chi tit t tiu chun.
a) Hy c lng ng knh trung bnh ca nhng chi tit t tiu chun vi tin cy
95%.
b) Hy c lng t l chi tit t tiu chun vi tin cy 99%.
Cu 4. T l ph phm ca mt x nghip sn xut l 5%. Nhm gim bt t l ph phm
ngi ta ci tin k thut. Sau khi ci tin k thut, kim tra 400 sn phm thy c 18 ph
phm. Vi mc ngha 5%, hy cho kt lun v hiu qu ca vic ci tin k thut.
9
Cu 1. C 3 hp b ngoi ging ht nhau. Cc hp cha ln lt 10, 15, 20 chnh phm mi
hp u cha 5 ph phm. Ly ngu nhin mt hp ri t hp ly ngu nhin 2 sn phm.
1) Tnh xc sut ly c c hai ph phm.
2) Kim tra th thy c hai sn phm ly ra ng l ph phm. Tnh xc sut hai sn
phm thuc hp mt.
Cu 2. C 3 hp, mi hp c 35 sn phm.
Hp 1 c 3 sn phm khng t cht lng.
Hp 2 c 6 sn phm khng t cht lng.
Hp 3 c 1 sn phm khng t cht lng.
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04
48
8 12
12 16
16 20
20 24
S ngi
12
20
30
16
10
MATHEDUCARE.COM
2. T 145 n 155.
Cu 3. Mt t x s c 10% v trng thng. Hi phi mua t nht bao nhiu v xc
sut c t nht 1 v trng thng khng nh hn 90%.
Cu 4. tm hiu lng m X (g) mi cy cao su cho ta trong mt ngy, ghi nhn c kt
qu sau :
X (g)
200-210
210-220
220-230
230-240
240-250
250-260
260-270
S cy
14
30
25
12
135
MATHEDUCARE.COM
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
ni
10
11
Gi s khi lng X (kg) tun theo quy lut phn phi chun.
a) Hy c lng khong cho khi lng trung bnh cc con heo 3 thng tui trong tri
trn vi tin cy 95%.
b) Heo c khi lng 38kg l heo t tiu chun. Hy tm c lng t l heo t
chun vi tin cy 90%.
Cu 4. T l ph phm ca mt nh my trc y l 5%. Nm nay nh my p dng mt
bin php k thut mi. nghin cu tc dng ca bin php k thut mi, ngi ta ly
mt mu gm 800 sn phm kim tra v thy c 24 ph phm.
a) Vi mc ngha 1%. Hy cho kt lun v bin php k thut mi ny ?
b) Nu nh my bo co t l ph phm sau khi p dng bin php k thut mi l 2% th c
chp nhn c khng, vi mc ngha 5%.
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PHAN PHOI GAUSS
(x) =
1
2
e t
/2
dt = P ( 0 X x ) ,
vi X N ( 0;1) , x z .
x=z
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
0.0000
0.0398
0.0793
0.1179
0.1554
0.1915
0.2257
0.2580
0.2881
0.3159
0.3413
0.3643
0.0040
0.0438
0.0832
0.1217
0.1591
0.1950
0.2291
0.2611
0.2910
0.3186
0.3438
0.3665
0.0080
0.0478
0.0871
0.1255
0.1628
0.1985
0.2324
0.2642
0.2939
0.3212
0.3461
0.3686
0.0120
0.0517
0.0910
0.1293
0.1664
0.2019
0.2357
0.2673
0.2967
0.3238
0.3485
0.3708
0.0160
0.0557
0.0948
0.1331
0.1700
0.2054
0.2389
0.2704
0.2995
0.3264
0.3508
0.3729
0.0199
0.0596
0.0987
0.1368
0.1736
0.2088
0.2422
0.2734
0.3023
0.3289
0.3531
0.3749
0.0239
0.0636
0.1026
0.1406
0.1772
0.2123
0.2454
0.2764
0.3051
0.3315
0.3554
0.3770
0.0279
0.0675
0.1064
0.1443
0.1808
0.2157
0.2486
0.2794
0.3078
0.3340
0.3577
0.3790
0.0319
0.0714
0.1103
0.1480
0.1844
0.2190
0.2517
0.2823
0.3106
0.3365
0.3599
0.3810
0.0359
0.0753
0.1141
0.1517
0.1879
0.2224
0.2549
0.2852
0.3133
0.3389
0.3621
0.3830
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
0.3849
0.4032
0.4192
0.4332
0.4452
0.4554
0.4641
0.4713
0.4772
0.4821
0.4861
0.4893
0.3869
0.4049
0.4207
0.4345
0.4463
0.4564
0.4649
0.4719
0.4778
0.4826
0.4864
0.4896
0.3888
0.4066
0.4222
0.4357
0.4474
0.4573
0.4656
0.4726
0.4783
0.4830
0.4868
0.4898
0.3907
0.4082
0.4236
0.4370
0.4484
0.4582
0.4664
0.4732
0.4788
0.4834
0.4871
0.4901
0.3925
0.4099
0.4251
0.4382
0.4495
0.4591
0.4671
0.4738
0.4793
0.4838
0.4875
0.4904
0.3944
0.4115
0.4265
0.4394
0.4505
0.4599
0.4678
0.4744
0.4798
0.4842
0.4878
0.4906
0.3962
0.4131
0.4279
0.4406
0.4515
0.4608
0.4686
0.4750
0.4803
0.4846
0.4881
0.4909
0.3980
0.4147
0.4292
0.4418
0.4525
0.4616
0.4693
0.4756
0.4808
0.4850
0.4884
0.4911
0.3997
0.4162
0.4306
0.4429
0.4535
0.4625
0.4699
0.4761
0.4812
0.4854
0.4887
0.4913
0.4015
0.4177
0.4319
0.4441
0.4545
0.4633
0.4706
0.4767
0.4817
0.4857
0.4890
0.4916
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
0.4918
0.4938
0.4953
0.4965
0.4974
0.4981
0.4987
0.4990
0.4993
0.4995
0.4997
0.4998
0.4920
0.4940
0.4955
0.4966
0.4975
0.4982
0.4987
0.4991
0.4993
0.4995
0.4997
0.4998
0.4922
0.4941
0.4956
0.4967
0.4976
0.4982
0.4987
0.4991
0.4994
0.4995
0.4997
0.4998
0.4925
0.4943
0.4957
0.4968
0.4977
0.4983
0.4988
0.4991
0.4994
0.4996
0.4997
0.4998
0.4927
0.4945
0.4959
0.4969
0.4977
0.4984
0.4988
0.4992
0.4994
0.4996
0.4997
0.4998
0.4929
0.4946
0.4960
0.4970
0.4978
0.4984
0.4989
0.4992
0.4994
0.4996
0.4997
0.4998
0.4931
0.4948
0.4961
0.4971
0.4979
0.4985
0.4989
0.4992
0.4994
0.4996
0.4997
0.4998
0.4932
0.4949
0.4962
0.4972
0.4979
0.4985
0.4989
0.4992
0.4995
0.4996
0.4997
0.4998
0.4934
0.4951
0.4963
0.4973
0.4980
0.4986
0.4990
0.4993
0.4995
0.4996
0.4997
0.4998
0.4936
0.4952
0.4964
0.4974
0.4981
0.4986
0.4990
0.4993
0.4995
0.4997
0.4998
0.4998
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
0.4998
0.4999
0.4999
0.5000
0.4998
0.4999
0.4999
0.5000
0.4999
0.4999
0.4999
0.5000
0.4999
0.4999
0.4999
0.5000
0.4999
0.4999
0.4999
0.5000
0.4999
0.4999
0.4999
0.5000
0.4999
0.4999
0.4999
0.5000
0.4999
0.4999
0.4999
0.5000
0.4999
0.4999
0.4999
0.5000
0.4999
0.4999
0.4999
0.5000
137
MATHEDUCARE.COM
PHAN PHOI STUDENT
P ( T t ) = vi T St(n)
Cot 1 : gia tr o t do n.
Hang 1 : Gia tr nguy c sai lam
Noi dung bang : Gia tr t tng ng vi n va
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
0.01
63.656
9.925
5.841
4.604
4.032
3.707
3.499
3.355
3.250
3.169
3.106
3.055
3.012
2.977
2.947
2.921
2.898
2.878
2.861
2.845
2.831
2.819
2.807
2.797
2.787
2.779
2.771
2.763
2.756
2.576
0.02
31.821
6.965
4.541
3.747
3.365
3.143
2.998
2.896
2.821
2.764
2.718
2.681
2.650
2.624
2.602
2.583
2.567
2.552
2.539
2.528
2.518
2.508
2.500
2.492
2.485
2.479
2.473
2.467
2.462
2.326
0.03
21.205
5.643
3.896
3.298
3.003
2.829
2.715
2.634
2.574
2.527
2.491
2.461
2.436
2.415
2.397
2.382
2.368
2.356
2.346
2.336
2.328
2.320
2.313
2.307
2.301
2.296
2.291
2.286
2.282
2.170
0.04
15.894
4.849
3.482
2.999
2.757
2.612
2.517
2.449
2.398
2.359
2.328
2.303
2.282
2.264
2.249
2.235
2.224
2.214
2.205
2.197
2.189
2.183
2.177
2.172
2.167
2.162
2.158
2.154
2.150
2.054
0.05
12.706
4.303
3.182
2.776
2.571
2.447
2.365
2.306
2.262
2.228
2.201
2.179
2.160
2.145
2.131
2.120
2.110
2.101
2.093
2.086
2.080
2.074
2.069
2.064
2.060
2.056
2.052
2.048
2.045
1.960
0.06
10.579
3.896
2.951
2.601
2.422
2.313
2.241
2.189
2.150
2.120
2.096
2.076
2.060
2.046
2.034
2.024
2.015
2.007
2.000
1.994
1.988
1.983
1.978
1.974
1.970
1.967
1.963
1.960
1.957
1.881
138
0.07
9.058
3.578
2.763
2.456
2.297
2.201
2.136
2.090
2.055
2.028
2.007
1.989
1.974
1.962
1.951
1.942
1.934
1.926
1.920
1.914
1.909
1.905
1.900
1.896
1.893
1.890
1.887
1.884
1.881
1.812
0.08
7.916
3.320
2.605
2.333
2.191
2.104
2.046
2.004
1.973
1.948
1.928
1.912
1.899
1.887
1.878
1.869
1.862
1.855
1.850
1.844
1.840
1.835
1.832
1.828
1.825
1.822
1.819
1.817
1.814
1.751
0.09
7.026
3.104
2.471
2.226
2.098
2.019
1.966
1.928
1.899
1.877
1.859
1.844
1.832
1.821
1.812
1.805
1.798
1.792
1.786
1.782
1.777
1.773
1.770
1.767
1.764
1.761
1.758
1.756
1.754
1.695
0.1
6.314
2.920
2.353
2.132
2.015
1.943
1.895
1.860
1.833
1.812
1.796
1.782
1.771
1.761
1.753
1.746
1.740
1.734
1.729
1.725
1.721
1.717
1.714
1.711
1.708
1.706
1.703
1.701
1.699
1.645
0.15
4.165
2.282
1.924
1.778
1.699
1.650
1.617
1.592
1.574
1.559
1.548
1.538
1.530
1.523
1.517
1.512
1.508
1.504
1.500
1.497
1.494
1.492
1.489
1.487
1.485
1.483
1.482
1.480
1.479
1.440
0.2
3.078
1.886
1.638
1.533
1.476
1.440
1.415
1.397
1.383
1.372
1.363
1.356
1.350
1.345
1.341
1.337
1.333
1.330
1.328
1.325
1.323
1.321
1.319
1.318
1.316
1.315
1.314
1.313
1.311
1.282
MATHEDUCARE.COM
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
0.005
7.879
10.597
12.838
14.860
16.750
18.548
20.278
21.955
23.589
25.188
26.757
28.300
29.819
31.319
32.801
34.267
35.718
37.156
38.582
39.997
41.401
42.796
44.181
45.558
46.928
48.290
49.645
50.994
52.335
53.672
60.275
66.766
73.166
79.490
85.749
91.952
98.105
104.215
110.285
116.321
122.324
128.299
134.247
140.170
0.01
6.635
9.210
11.345
13.277
15.086
16.812
18.475
20.090
21.666
23.209
24.725
26.217
27.688
29.141
30.578
32.000
33.409
34.805
36.191
37.566
38.932
40.289
41.638
42.980
44.314
45.642
46.963
48.278
49.588
50.892
57.342
63.691
69.957
76.154
82.292
88.379
94.422
100.425
106.393
112.329
118.236
124.116
129.973
135.807
0.015
5.916
8.399
10.465
12.339
14.098
15.777
17.398
18.974
20.512
22.021
23.503
24.963
26.403
27.827
29.235
30.629
32.011
33.382
34.742
36.093
37.434
38.768
40.094
41.413
42.725
44.031
45.331
46.626
47.915
49.199
55.553
61.812
67.994
74.111
80.173
86.188
92.161
98.098
104.001
109.874
115.720
121.542
127.341
133.120
0.02
5.412
7.824
9.837
11.668
13.388
15.033
16.622
18.168
19.679
21.161
22.618
24.054
25.471
26.873
28.259
29.633
30.995
32.346
33.687
35.020
36.343
37.659
38.968
40.270
41.566
42.856
44.140
45.419
46.693
47.962
54.244
60.436
66.555
72.613
78.619
84.580
90.501
96.387
102.243
108.069
113.871
119.648
125.405
131.142
0.025
5.024
7.378
9.348
11.143
12.832
14.449
16.013
17.535
19.023
20.483
21.920
23.337
24.736
26.119
27.488
28.845
30.191
31.526
32.852
34.170
35.479
36.781
38.076
39.364
40.646
41.923
43.195
44.461
45.722
46.979
53.203
59.342
65.410
71.420
77.380
83.298
89.177
95.023
100.839
106.629
112.393
118.136
123.858
129.561
2n,
0.03
4.709
7.013
8.947
10.712
12.375
13.968
15.509
17.011
18.480
19.922
21.342
22.742
24.125
25.493
26.848
28.191
29.523
30.845
32.158
33.462
34.759
36.049
37.332
38.609
39.880
41.146
42.407
43.662
44.913
46.160
52.335
58.428
64.454
70.423
76.345
82.225
88.069
93.881
99.665
105.422
111.156
116.869
122.562
128.237
139
0.05
3.841
5.991
7.815
9.488
11.070
12.592
14.067
15.507
16.919
18.307
19.675
21.026
22.362
23.685
24.996
26.296
27.587
28.869
30.144
31.410
32.671
33.924
35.172
36.415
37.652
38.885
40.113
41.337
42.557
43.773
49.802
55.758
61.656
67.505
73.311
79.082
84.821
90.531
96.217
101.879
107.522
113.145
118.752
124.342
0.95
0.004
0.103
0.352
0.711
1.145
1.635
2.167
2.733
3.325
3.940
4.575
5.226
5.892
6.571
7.261
7.962
8.672
9.390
10.117
10.851
11.591
12.338
13.091
13.848
14.611
15.379
16.151
16.928
17.708
18.493
22.465
26.509
30.612
34.764
38.958
43.188
47.450
51.739
56.054
60.391
64.749
69.126
73.520
77.929
0.975
0.001
0.051
0.216
0.484
0.831
1.237
1.690
2.180
2.700
3.247
3.816
4.404
5.009
5.629
6.262
6.908
7.564
8.231
8.907
9.591
10.283
10.982
11.689
12.401
13.120
13.844
14.573
15.308
16.047
16.791
20.569
24.433
28.366
32.357
36.398
40.482
44.603
48.758
52.942
57.153
61.389
65.647
69.925
74.222
0.98
0.001
0.040
0.185
0.429
0.752
1.134
1.564
2.032
2.532
3.059
3.609
4.178
4.765
5.368
5.985
6.614
7.255
7.906
8.567
9.237
9.915
10.600
11.293
11.992
12.697
13.409
14.125
14.847
15.574
16.306
20.027
23.838
27.720
31.664
35.659
39.699
43.779
47.893
52.039
56.213
60.412
64.635
68.879
73.142
0.99
0.000
0.020
0.115
0.297
0.554
0.872
1.239
1.647
2.088
2.558
3.053
3.571
4.107
4.660
5.229
5.812
6.408
7.015
7.633
8.260
8.897
9.542
10.196
10.856
11.524
12.198
12.878
13.565
14.256
14.953
18.509
22.164
25.901
29.707
33.571
37.485
41.444
45.442
49.475
53.540
57.634
61.754
65.898
70.065
0.995
0.000
0.010
0.072
0.207
0.412
0.676
0.989
1.344
1.735
2.156
2.603
3.074
3.565
4.075
4.601
5.142
5.697
6.265
6.844
7.434
8.034
8.643
9.260
9.886
10.520
11.160
11.808
12.461
13.121
13.787
17.192
20.707
24.311
27.991
31.735
35.534
39.383
43.275
47.206
51.172
55.170
59.196
63.250
67.328
MATHEDUCARE.COM
PHAN PHOI FISHER
f( n, m)
Bang 1 : = 0.05
1
10
12
15
20
24
30
40
60
120
161
200
216
225
230
234
237
239
241
242
244
246
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
18.51
19
10.13 9.55
9.28
9.12
9.01
8.94
8.89
8.85
8.81
8.79
8.74
8.7
8.66
8.64
8.62
8.59
8.57
8.55
8.53
7.71
6.94
6.59
6.39
6.26
6.16
6.09
6.04
5.96
5.91
5.86
5.8
5.77
5.75
5.72
5.69
5.66
5.63
6.61
5.79
5.41
5.19
5.05
4.95
4.88
4.82
4.77
4.74
4.68
4.62
4.56
4.53
4.5
4.46
4.43
4.4
4.37
5.99
5.14
4.76
4.53
4.39
4.28
4.21
4.15
4.1
4.06
3.94
3.87
3.84
3.81
3.77
3.74
3.7
3.67
5.59
4.74
4.35
4.12
3.97
3.87
3.79
3.73
3.68
3.64
3.57
3.51
3.44
3.41
3.38
3.34
3.3
3.27
3.23
5.32
4.46
4.07
3.84
3.69
3.58
3.5
3.44
3.39
3.35
3.28
3.22
3.15
3.12
3.08
3.04
3.01
2.97
2.93
5.12
4.26
3.86
3.63
3.48
3.37
3.29
3.23
3.18
3.14
3.07
3.01
2.94
2.9
2.86
2.83
2.79
2.75
2.71
10
4.96
4.1
3.71
3.48
3.33
3.22
3.14
3.07
3.02
2.98
2.91
2.85
2.77
2.74
2.7
2.66
2.62
2.58
2.54
11
4.84
3.98
3.59
3.36
3.2
3.09
3.01
2.95
2.9
2.85
2.79
2.72
2.65
2.61
2.57
2.53
2.49
2.45
2.4
12
4.75
3.89
3.49
3.26
3.11
2.91
2.85
2.8
2.75
2.69
2.62
2.54
2.51
2.47
2.43
2.38
2.34
2.3
13
4.67
3.81
3.41
3.18
3.03
2.92
2.83
2.77
2.71
2.67
2.6
2.53
2.46
2.42
2.38
2.34
2.3
2.25
2.21
14
4.6
3.74
3.34
3.11
2.96
2.85
2.76
2.7
2.65
2.6
2.53
2.46
2.39
2.35
2.31
2.27
2.22
2.18
2.13
15
4.54
3.68
3.29
3.06
2.9
2.79
2.71
2.64
2.59
2.54
2.48
2.4
2.33
2.29
2.25
2.2
2.16
2.11
2.07
16
4.49
3.63
3.24
3.01
2.85
2.74
2.66
2.59
2.54
2.49
2.42
2.35
2.28
2.24
2.19
2.15
2.11
2.06
2.01
17
4.45
3.59
3.2
2.96
2.81
2.7
2.61
2.55
2.49
2.45
2.38
2.31
2.23
2.19
2.15
2.1
2.06
2.01
1.96
18
4.41
3.55
3.16
2.93
2.77
2.66
2.58
2.51
2.46
2.41
2.34
2.27
2.19
2.15
2.11
2.06
2.02
1.97
1.92
19
4.38
3.52
3.13
2.9
2.74
2.63
2.54
2.48
2.42
2.38
2.31
2.23
2.16
2.11
2.07
2.03
1.98
1.93
1.88
20
4.35
3.49
3.1
2.87
2.71
2.6
2.51
2.45
2.39
2.35
2.28
2.2
2.12
2.08
2.04
1.99
1.95
1.9
1.84
21
4.32
3.47
3.07
2.84
2.68
2.57
2.49
2.42
2.37
2.32
2.25
2.18
2.1
2.05
2.01
1.96
1.92
1.87
1.81
22
4.3
3.44
3.05
2.82
2.66
2.55
2.46
2.4
2.34
2.3
2.23
2.15
2.07
2.03
1.98
1.94
1.89
1.84
1.78
23
4.28
3.42
3.03
2.8
2.64
2.53
2.44
2.37
2.32
2.27
2.2
2.13
2.05
2.01
1.96
1.91
1.86
1.81
1.76
24
4.26
3.4
3.01
2.78
2.62
2.51
2.42
2.36
2.3
2.25
2.18
2.11
2.03
1.98
1.94
1.89
1.84
1.79
1.73
25
4.24
3.39
2.99
2.76
2.6
2.49
2.4
2.34
2.28
2.24
2.16
2.09
2.01
1.96
1.92
1.87
1.82
1.77
1.71
30
4.17
3.32
2.92
2.69
2.53
2.42
2.33
2.27
2.21
2.16
2.09
2.01
1.93
1.89
1.84
1.79
1.74
1.68
1.62
40
4.08
3.23
2.84
2.61
2.45
2.34
2.25
2.18
2.12
2.08
1.92
1.84
1.79
1.74
1.69
1.64
1.58
1.51
60
3.15
2.76
2.53
2.37
2.25
2.17
2.1
2.04
1.99
1.92
1.84
1.75
1.7
1.65
1.59
1.53
1.47
1.39
120
3.92
3.07
2.68
2.45
2.29
2.18
2.09
2.02
1.96
1.91
1.83
1.75
1.66
1.61
1.55
1.5
1.43
1.35
1.25
3.84
2.6
2.37
2.21
2.1
2.01
1.94
1.88
1.83
1.75
1.67
1.57
1.52
1.46
1.39
1.32
1.22
19.16 19.25 19.3 19.33 19.35 19.37 19.38 19.4 19.41 19.43 19.45 19.45 19.46 19.47 19.48 19.49 19.5
140
MATHEDUCARE.COM
PHAN PHOI FISHER
f( n, m)
Bang 2 : = 0.01
1
10
12
15
20
24
30
40
60
120
4052 4999 5404 5624 5764 5859 5928 5981 6022 6056 6107 6157 6209 6234 6260 6286 6313 6340 6366
98.50 99.00 99.16 99.25 99.30 99.33 99.36 99.38 99.39 99.40 99.42 99.43 99.45 99.46 99.47 99.48 99.48 99.49 99.5
34.12 30.82 29.46 28.71 28.24 27.91 27.67 27.49 27.34 27.23 27.05 26.87 26.69 26.60 26.50 26.41 26.32 26.22 26.1
21.20 18.00 16.69 15.98 15.52 15.21 14.98 14.80 14.66 14.55 14.37 14.20 14.02 13.93 13.84 13.75 13.65 13.56 13.5
16.26 13.27 12.06 11.39 10.97 10.67 10.46 10.29 10.16 10.05 9.89
9.72
9.55
9.47
9.38
9.29
9.20
9.11 9.02
9.15
8.75
8.47
8.26
8.10
7.98
7.87
7.72
7.56
7.40
7.31
7.23
7.14
7.06
6.97 6.88
12.25 9.55
8.45
7.85
7.46
7.19
6.99
6.84
6.72
6.62
6.47
6.31
6.16
6.07
5.99
5.91
5.82
5.74 5.65
11.26 8.65
7.59
7.01
6.63
6.37
6.18
6.03
5.91
5.81
5.67
5.52
5.36
5.28
5.20
5.12
5.03
4.95 4.86
10.56 8.02
6.99
6.42
6.06
5.80
5.61
5.47
5.35
5.26
5.11
4.96
4.81
4.73
4.65
4.57
4.48
4.40 4.31
10 10.04 7.56
6.55
5.99
5.64
5.39
5.20
5.06
4.94
4.85
4.71
4.56
4.41
4.33
4.25
4.17
4.08
4.00 3.91
11
9.65
7.21
6.22
5.67
5.32
5.07
4.89
4.74
4.63
4.54
4.40
4.25
4.10
4.02
3.94
3.86
3.78
3.69
12
9.33
6.93
5.95
5.41
5.06
4.82
4.64
4.50
4.39
4.30
4.16
4.01
3.86
3.78
3.70
3.62
3.54
3.45 3.36
13
9.07
6.70
5.74
5.21
4.86
4.62
4.44
4.30
4.19
4.10
3.96
3.82
3.66
3.59
3.51
3.43
3.34
3.25 3.17
14
8.86
6.51
5.56
5.04
4.69
4.46
4.28
4.14
4.03
3.94
3.80
3.66
3.51
3.43
3.35
3.27
3.18
3.09
15
8.68
6.36
5.42
4.89
4.56
4.32
4.14
4.00
3.89
3.80
3.67
3.52
3.37
3.29
3.21
3.13
3.05
2.96 2.87
16
8.53
6.23
5.29
4.77
4.44
4.20
4.03
3.89
3.78
3.69
3.55
3.41
3.26
3.18
3.10
3.02
2.93
2.84 2.75
17
8.40
6.11
5.19
4.67
4.34
4.10
3.93
3.79
3.68
3.59
3.46
3.31
3.16
3.08
3.00
2.92
2.83
2.75 2.65
18
8.29
6.01
5.09
4.58
4.25
4.01
3.84
3.71
3.60
3.51
3.37
3.23
3.08
3.00
2.92
2.84
2.75
2.66 2.57
19
8.18
5.93
5.01
4.50
4.17
3.94
3.77
3.63
3.52
3.43
3.30
3.15
3.00
2.92
2.84
2.76
2.67
2.58 2.49
20
8.10
5.85
4.94
4.43
4.10
3.87
3.70
3.56
3.46
3.37
3.23
3.09
2.94
2.86
2.78
2.69
2.61
2.52 2.42
21
8.02
5.78
4.87
4.37
4.04
3.81
3.64
3.51
3.40
3.31
3.17
3.03
2.88
2.80
2.72
2.64
2.55
2.46 2.36
22
7.95
5.72
4.82
4.31
3.99
3.76
3.59
3.45
3.35
3.26
3.12
2.98
2.83
2.75
2.67
2.58
2.50
2.40 2.31
23
7.88
5.66
4.76
4.26
3.94
3.71
3.54
3.41
3.30
3.21
3.07
2.93
2.78
2.70
2.62
2.54
2.45
2.35 2.26
24
7.82
5.61
4.72
4.22
3.90
3.67
3.50
3.36
3.26
3.17
3.03
2.89
2.74
2.66
2.58
2.49
2.40
2.31 2.21
25
7.77
5.57
4.68
4.18
3.85
3.63
3.46
3.32
3.22
3.13
2.99
2.85
2.70
2.62
2.54
2.45
2.36
2.27 2.17
30
7.56
5.39
4.51
4.02
3.70
3.47
3.30
3.17
3.07
2.98
2.84
2.70
2.55
2.47
2.39
2.30
2.21
2.11 2.01
40
7.31
5.18
4.31
3.83
3.51
3.29
3.12
2.99
2.89
2.80
2.66
2.52
2.37
2.29
2.20
2.11
2.02
1.92
1.8
60
7.08
4.98
4.13
3.65
3.34
3.12
2.95
2.82
2.72
2.63
2.50
2.35
2.20
2.12
2.03
1.94
1.84
1.73
1.6
120 6.85
4.79
3.95
3.48
3.17
2.96
2.79
2.66
2.56
2.47
2.34
2.19
2.03
1.95
1.86
1.76
1.66
1.53 1.38
4.61
3.78
3.32
3.02
2.80
2.64
2.51
2.41
2.32
2.18
2.04
1.88
1.79
1.70
1.59
1.47
1.32 1.00
6.63
141
3.6