COUGH

COUGH
Cough is a reflex where there is
forced expiration against an initially
closed glottis.
It is a protective mechanism for the
lungs, clearing the lungs from
harmful substances.

Mechanism of cough
It is caused by mechanical or
chemical stimulation of cough
receptors in the epithelium of the
pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and
diaphragm.
Afferent receptors goes to the cough
centre in the medulla where efferent
signals are generated to the
expiratory musculature.

Pathological coughing results from two

mechanisms:
1. Stimulation of sensory nerves in the
epithelium
by
secretions,
foreign
bodies, cigarette smoke or tumours.
2. Sensitization of the cough reflex with
abnormal increase in the sensitivity of
the cough receptors.