-

2013-
3.
.
3 " 11.
10.
/ .
!

.1 . ( L1=1 cm )z z=0 .z=L1 -

n( x, z ) n0 x :x- n0=1.5.=0.01 cm-1 -
.n0
z .x=0 - .
ABCD
| ?|x(0)<<1 .
. .L2=2 cm z=0 z=L1
. n( x, z ) n0 x z=L1 z=L2 . n( x, z ) n0 x
.n0
z .x=0 - .
ABCD
| ?|x(0)<<1 .

 .2 "
.z L1
x .y - , E exp i t k r , ( )
.

n0

n
cos( Dk x ) cos( Dk y )

1
c n0

,0<n<<n0 ,n0>1 D - c - .

( : k x2 k y2

k z k z (k x , k y )

) kz

. ( )?
, ,z=0 ) . E(x, y, z 0) f ( x, y (
) .z=L1 "
). E (x, y, z L1 ) g1 ( x, y
. ( )?
?
. .n0 ?z>L1 -
" ) . E (x, y, z L1 ) g2 ( x, y, z
. , , z=0 ?z=L2 L2
.

 .3 : " E exp i t k x x k y y k z z
, . E exp i t k x x k y y k z z , ABCD
1 .
. E exp i t k x x k y y k z z

, . E exp i t k x x k y y k z z
1 0

. ABCD ?
0 ?

. ( )
.D<< .
.L>> .n=2 ,
,I(x,y) , ?
. , ?
. ]) .t(x,y)=|t(x,y)|exp[i((x,y
( ) ?
.
. ) (x,y ]) .t(x,y)=|t(x,y)|exp[i((x,y
.


1
. :
z 2 :

2n0

)d 2 X ( z
)d 2 X ( z
) n( x, z
n0

dz 2
dz 2

. X ( z)

dX ( L1 ) L1

1 :
dz
n0
ABCD .

dX

2
X ( L1 ) ( L1 ) L1 -
. :z L1 :L1
dz
n0
2n0
dX

, ( L2 ) L1 L2 L1 0 :L2
dz
n0
n0

:
dX
dX

)dX (0
2
( L1 )
X ( L1 ) X (0) (0) L1 -
L1
L1
dz
dZ
n0
dz
2n0

dX
dX

dX
( L2 )
(0) L1 L2 L1
, (0) :L2
dz
dZ
n0
n0
dZ
dX
X ( L2 ) X (0)
(0) L2 -
dz
1 L2

:
0 1

:2

n0 n cos( Dk x ) n cos( Dk y )

.
c
. exp ik z L1 :

. k z k z (k x , k y )

g1 (x, y) I .F .T . F .T . f ( x, y) exp ik z L1

 . Dk x 1-

n0
c

. k0

Dk y 1

D2 2
. k z k0 1
2

k x k y2

n0

, : <<.

n D
L1
k x4 k y4

n0
!4
4

k0

. k z ,hom k0 2 k x2 k y2 :
g 2 (x, y) I .F .T . F .T . f ( x, y) exp ik z L1 exp ik z ,hom L2 L1

. x -.y -

nD 2 k x2 k y2
k 2 k y2

g 2 (x, y) I .F .T . F .T . f ( x, y) exp ik0

L1 exp i x
L2 L1

2k

2n0

nD 2 L1k02 nD 2 2 n0 L1
:

n0
c2

L2 .

3
1 0

. . , ABCD :
0 1
1 L 1 0 1 L 1 0

. :
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1

,
( ).
. , .1/ : " Diffraction limit
"Airy disc
Er=|t(x,y)|exp[-i((x,y)] .
.
. I t exp i t exp i 2 t cos 2 . ,
4f .
2