Lecture 2

Data: The data can be defined as the collection of facts and information
1
from which conclusion may be drawn. The collection of raw facts and
figures is called data.
Types of data on the basis of variable:
o Qualitative Data: The data of the qualitative variable is known as
qualitative data.
o Quantitative Data: The data of the quantitative variable is called
quantitative data. It has future two types.
Continuous Data: The data of continuous/measurable variable
is called continuous data.
E.g. Height = 5 ft., Temperature = 95 F, Weight = 135 pounds etc.

Discrete Data: The data of the discrete variable is called

discrete data.
E.g. Family size = 6,
Number of leaves on a tree = 563,
Number of files in a folder = 5 etc.

Presentation of Data:
o Classification and Tabulation:
The process of dividing data into the groups according to similarities
is called Classification.
OR
The process of converting ungroup data into group data is called
Classification.

The data before any classification is called ungroup data.

The data after classification is called group data.

The process of making table is called Tabulation. The arrangement of

data into rows and columns is called Table.
o

Parts of Table: The different parts of table are as follows: Title: The main heading of the table is called Title. Title should
be readable, understandable and brief.
Box Head/Caption: The part of table that contains the
name/heading of the each column is called box head. There
should no column for constant values in the table.
Statistics and Probability | M Rauf Tabassum

Lecture 2

Stub: The part of a table that contains the row heading is

called stub. The heading of row should be unique.
Body of Table: The different entities in the cell of the table are
called body of the table.

Every box in table is called cell.

The value in the box is called entity.

Prefatory Note: The information given after the table is called

Prefatory Note.
Foot Note: Additional information about any entity is called
Foot Note. It is written after the table.
Source Note: The details of source from where the data is
taken are known as source note. It is written at the end of the
document.

Statistics and Probability | M Rauf Tabassum