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01 Mental Ability
01 Mental Ability
5
= 2.9
5
VSr$
]l*]l:
2 3 4 5
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
= 2.9 60 $$
= 174 $$
= 2 VSr 54 $$
t VSr$ = 2 VSr 54 $$
E:
1 1 1 1
VSr$ Gl?
, , ,
VSr$-&1
77
240
999 + 1
2
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
= 500
lls 999
f Q VSr$ = 500
VSr$ =
4.
5.
6.
n +1
2
lls 'n'
f Q $
2
VSr$ = n (n + 1)
3.
VSr$ = (n + 1)(2n + 1)
1. lls 'n'
f Q VSr$ =
2. lls 'n'
f Q ]l>Y
]lQOl$]l *{$:
VSr$ = 77
240
30 + 20 + 15 + 12 1
60
4
1 1 1 1
+ + +
2 3 4 5
4
VSr$ =
1891
6
1891
6
VSr$ =
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
x 3, x 2, x 1, x, x + 1, x + 2, x +3
E:
lls 100 Q VSr$, lls 100 Q VSr$ ]l$l l?
]l*]l:
lls 100 Q VSr$ = 100+1
= 101
lls 100 Q VSr$ = 100
O yls l = 101 100
=1
]l*]l = 1
E :
Hyl$ ]l$ f Q VSr$ 150. Al Al$Z MSt, VSt Q]l$ MS]l$V]lyl.
]l*]l:
Hyl$ ]l$ f Q]l$ MS lV> A]l$Ms...
VSr$ =
(31)(61)
(30 + 1)(2 30 +1 )
=
E:
lls 30 f Q ]l>Y VSr$ Gl?
]l*]l:
VSr$ = (n + 1)(2n + 1)
7x
7
=x
12 x
= 2x
6
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
2x = 64
B Q$
64 5, 64 3, 64 1, 64 + 1, 64 + 3, 64 + 5 As...
2x 5 + 2 x 3 + 2 x 1 + 2 x +1 + 2 x + 3 + 2 x + 5
6
VSr$ =
= 147
MSt Q = x 3 = 150 3
x = 150
x 3 + x 2 + x 1+ x + x + 1+ x + 2+ x + 3
7
129
10
= 12.9
]l*]l = 12.9
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
2 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 11 + 13 + 17 + 19 + 23 + 29
10
495
9
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
2. 25 ]l$ $$ E]l JMS lVS VSr$ ]l$$ 15 H$. Cl$ZMS s^l$ ]l$$]l$
MS*y VS]lZMS $MS$s ll VSr$ ]l$$ Hy $VS$ l$. Al s^l$
]l$$ Gl?
]l*]l:
>$ ll = >$ Q VSr$
Al *{ A]l$_..
25 ]l$ $ ]l$$ ll = 25 15
= 375 H$.
s^l$]l$ MS*y VS]lZMS $MS$s (ll 26 ]l$) ]l^la VSr$ = 15+1 = 16 H$.
26 ]l$ ]l$$ ll =
= 55
VSr$ = 55
11 + 22 + 33 + 44 + 55 + 66 + 77 + 88+ 99
9
E$
1. AMS ]l$ ]l*a]lsMS $]l ]l* ylMS Q VSr$ Gl?
(.yl.G. 2003)
]l*]l:
VSr$ =
VSr$&2
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
20
= 41 ]l*$P$
AVS "20' ]l$ MS O ]l ]l*$P ll = 20 45 70+50
= 900 70+50
= 880 (2)
MS
O ]l VSr$ = 880
30
$ VSr$ ]l*$P$ 40, MS VSr$ ]l*$P$ 45. Al JMS $yl ]l*$P$ "60'MS
l$$ "30', JMS MS ]l*$P$ "50'MS l$$ "70'V> lV> $MS$$. $,
MS O]l VSr$]l$, lVS VSr$]l$ MS]l$V]lyl?
(HG, {VS*&1&2008)
]l*]l:
"30' ]l$ $ O]l ]l*$P$ ll = 3040 30+60
= 1200& 30+60
= 1230 (1)
$
O ]l VSr$ = 1230
12x + 73 = 13(x+2)
73 26 = 13x 12x
x = 47
13]l CVSMS$ ]ll$ sl$l VSr$ = 47
4. lVSZ 50 ]l$ $Z 30 ]l$ $$, 20 ]l$ MS$ E$. JMS SZ
26 16
= 416 H$.
s^l$ ]l$$ = 416 375
= 41 H$.
]l*]l = 41 H$.
3. JMS s]l$l l]l 13]l CVSZ 73 $VS$$ ^l Al VSr$ yl$ $VS$$ W.
Al 13]l CVSMS$ ]ll$ B sl$l VSr$ Gl?
]l*]l:
12]l CVS ]lMS$ sl$l VSr$ = x A]l$MS$s
Ayl$ 12]l CVS ]lMS$ Alyl$ ^l]l ll $VS$$ = 12 x
l {M>
100 + x
= 17 6 = 102
100 + x
= 17
6
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
6. 3 H {MSl 5 ]l$ $$ E]l JMS MS$r$ VSr$ ]l$$ "17' H$. l>l B
MS$r$Z JMS ylz f_. {$l MS*y B MS$r$ VSr$ ]l$$ 17 H. Al
B ylz {$l ]l$$]l$ MS]l$V]lyl? (G.G.. 2004)
]l*]l:
5 ]l$ VSr$ ]l$$ 3 H {MSl 17 H$. M>st { $l 5 ]l$ VSr$ ]l$$ = 17 +
3
= 20 H$.
{$l 5 ]l$ ]l$$
ll = 20 5
= 100 H$.
MlV> f_]l ylz {$l ]l$$ 'x' A]l$MS$s
l {M> {$l "6' ]l$ MS$r$ $ VSr$ ]l$$ MS*y 17 H. As
= 10 3
= 7 ]l$.
MlV> Hyl]l l VSr$ = 7
50
3
5
= 42.2 ]l*$P$
50
= 44 ]l*$P$
a 0.4 2
=
=
b 0.6 3
yl) 345
]l & ]l* {$
MS QMS$ VS =
2
3
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
As lVSZ $ QMS$,
2 : 3
]l*]l = 2 : 3
x=2
1
5
9
3
7G
4 yl
8
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
2
6
10G
]l*$
200
100 = 20
1000
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
84,00,000 + 2,000x =
1,00,00,000
2,000x = 16,00,000
x = 800
Q = 1000x
]l$ EVS$
= 1000 800 = 200
x + 1000 x
E:
1000 ]l$ EVS$$ JMS MSZ EW VSr$ il $. 10,000. #$ EVS$ VSr$
il $. 10,400, ]l$ EVS$ VSr$ il $. 8,400. Al MSZ ]l$
EVS$ >ll$l?
(HG, {VS*&1&l*yl 2007)
]l*]l:
#$ EVS$ Q = 'x' A]l$ MS$s, ]l$ EVS$ Q = '1000x' A]l#l$.
Ayl$ ${]l$ {VS*# VSr$ *{ A]l$_
10,400 x + 8,400 (1000 x )
= 10,000
Px + qy + rz
P+q+r
JMSl ]lyl$ {VS*#$ E]lrl (]ly {VS*#Z >$ Q 'r', VSr$ 'z' Al),
${]l$ {VS*# VSr$ =
Px + qy
P+q
]l {VS*# VSr$:
JMS {VS*#Z >$ Q 'P', VSr$ 'x', ]l$MS {VS*#Z
>$ Q 'q', VSr$ 'y' Al B yl$ {VS*#]l$ MSl
Hyl ${]l$ {VS*# VSr$ =
VSr$&3
3,100
= 77.5
40
VSr$&M>$
E:
= ab
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
(x1.x2.x3..... xn )n
= 77.5
x=
20 85 + 40 20 + 40 x
= 56
20 + 40 + 40
E:
JMS lVSZ ll 100 ]l$ $ VSr$ ]l*$P$ 56. lls 20 ]l$ $
VSr$ ]l*$P$ 85. _]l 40 ]l$ $ VSr$ ]l*$P$ 20. Al $W]l $
VSr$ ]l*$P$ Gl?
]l*]l:
lls 20, _]l 40 ]l$ $]l$ $]l, $W]l $$
= 100 20 40 = 40
D 40 ]l$ $ VSr$ ]l*$P$ = 'x' A]l$MS$s, Ayl$ ${]l$ {VS*# VSr$
*{ A]l$_
3abc
ab + bc + ca
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
1. VSr$ lVS:
l lZ {*_]l l* V> E]lyl$ B* lZ lV> >lMS
]l$l]l$l$ VSr$ lVS A]l#l$.
2. VSr$ l:
JMS ]l$]l# M]l$V$O l M>Z ]l*]l r$tyl$$ st]lyl$ B* M>Z B
]l$]l# l >lMS ]l$l ]l$l$ B ]l$]l# VSr$ l A]l#l$.
2ab
]l$l]l$ = a + b
n
=
1 1
1
1
+
+ + ...... +
x1 x2 x3
xn
C_a]l
94
3. >lMS ]l$l]l$:
=6
36
VS$ ]l$l]l$ =
=4
2400
80 = 30
= 15 MS.$.
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
VSr$ lVS =
2 20 60
20 + 60
E:
]l# 20 KMPH lVS A ]l$_ BMS, B ]l$_ AMS 60 KMPH lVS {*
> lVS Gl? ${l$yl$ X ]l$_ YMS V> 30 KMPH lVS {*_
AVSrZ ^l$MS$yl$. Y ]l$_ ZMS 40 KMPH lVS {*_ JMSs]l VSrZ
^l$MS$s ${l$yl VSr$ lVS Gl?
({VS*&1 l$l 2008)
]l*]l:
36
9
VSr$ lVS =
2 3 6
3+6
E:
JMS ]lMS P ]l$_ QMS$ VSrMS$ 3 MS.$. lVS ^l$MS$yl$. ]l$ W Q ]l$_ PMS VSrMS$
6 MS.$. lVS ^l>yl$. Al Al VSr$ lVS VSrMS$ Gl? ({VS*&2, 2008)
]l*]l:
P ]l$_ QMS$, Q ]l$_ PMS ]l*]l l* Er$ M>st B yl$ lV> >lMS
]l$l]l$l$ VSr$ lVS A]l#l$.
3
2
75
= 37.5
2
15 + 60
1 3
+
2 2
4 9900
1891
4
550 + 495 + 450 + 396
9900
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
= 20.9413
VSr$ l = $. 20.94
r$
4
1
1
1
1
+
+
+
18 20 22 25
E:
$VS$ l$ lZ r$ l $. 18, $. 20, $. 22, $. 25V> E. JMS ]lMS D
$VS$ lZ]l* M]l$V$O ]l*]lV> Q$a ^l r$ VSr$ l Gl?
( &l$l, 2004)
]l*]l:
$VS$ lZ]l* r$tyl/Q$a ]l*]lV> E M>st B* l >lMS ]l$l]l$l$
VSr$ l A]l#l$.
VSr$ l =
${l$yl
VSr$ lVS =
37.5 KMPH
=
ll M>
ll l*
Y, Z ]l$l l* =
= 60 MS.$.
X, Y ]l$l l*, Y, Z ]l$l l* ]l*]l M>l$ M>st VSr$ lVS
40
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
4 abcd
abc + abd + acd + bcd
VS]l$MS:
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
= (x + x) 52.5
= 105x (1)
Cl l V>, 'A', 'C' MS l $ ]l*$P ll = (x + 50 2x) 60
= (50 x) 60
= 3000 60x (2)
'B', 'C' MSl $ ]l*$P ll =
(x + 50 2x) 70
= (50 x) 70
= 3500 70x (3)
A, B, C ]lyl$ MS]l $ ]l*$P ll = 50 60
= 3000 (4)
(1), (2), (3) & (4) ]l$_
E$:
1. JMS u>Z 50 ]l$ $]l$ A, B, C Al MSl$V> h^$. D 50 ]l$
$$ JMS SMS$ f *$. A, B MS]l $]l$ MSl VSr$ ]l*$P$ 52.5.
Al l V> A, C MS]l]l$ MSl VSr$ 60 ]l*$P$, B, C MS]l]l$ MSl VSr$ 70
]l*$P$, ]lyl$ MS]l* MSl VSr$]l 60 ]l*$P$ ]l^a. Al 'C' MSlZ
$ Q Gl?
(A, B MS]lZ $ Q ]l* ]lV> E)
]l*]l:
Q = 'x' A]l$Ms...
A, B MS l] Z JMP MS l Z $
Ayl$ 'C' MS l Z $ Q = 50 2x
>$ ll = >$ Q VSr$ Al *{ A]l$_ A, B yl$ MS]lZ
$ ]l*$P ll
VSr$&4
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
51 84
= 4,284 (2)
(1), (2) ]l$_ lls "4' >MS$$ ]l $ ]l*$P ll =
4,840 4,284 = 556
= 4,840 (1)
= 50 2x
= 50 2 20
= 50 40 = 10
'C' MSlZ "10' ]l$ $$ E$.
25
4x + 2x + x
3
3
7
(a b c )3 .
1
3
= 36
= (36 36 36 )3
= (2 36 36 18 )3
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
Al *{ A]l$_,
D ]lyl$ Q VS$ ]l$l]l$
= (72 36 18 )
= 18
]lyl$ Q$ = 418, 218, 18
= 72, 36, 18 A]l#.
a, b, c, VS$ ]l$l]l$
x = 42
7x
= 42
3
l {M>
7x
=
3
216
7
= 30. 857
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
72
7
3
1+ 2 + 4
72
3
1
1
1
+
+
72 36 18
= 3
3
1 1 1
+ +
a b c
VS$ ]l$l]l$ = 36
a, b, c >lMS ]l$l]l$ =
5 x 10
+
6
3
x 20 + 15 35
=
=
6
6
6
= *. 1,17,000.
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
100x + 400
= 100 35 + 400
= 3,500 + 400
= *. 3,900
{$l ]l VS MS$ lMS$ A$ Q$a
= *. 3,900 30
x = 35.
10 5
5x
+ = x
3 2
6
5 x 10
5
+
= x 2.5 = x
6
3
2
l {M>
= *.
100 x 400
+
120 120
100 x + 400
120
= *.
*.
kx
x+k
xk
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
$VS$l$ lVS$Yl$.
E: JMS MSZ ^l Ml] $ EVS$ VSr$ il 8000 A]l$Myl. A#yl$
i) { EW ll]l *. 500 Wl]l$MS$s, ]l*]l
VSr$ ll]l = 8000 + 500 =
8,500.
ii) { EW ll]l 300 lWYl]l$MS$s, A#yl$ ]l*]l VSr$ ll]l = 8000 & 300
= 7700.
iii) { EW ll]l stOl]l$MS$s, A#yl$ ]l*]l VSr$ ll]l = 2 8000 =
16,000.
iv) { EW ll]l VSOl$l]l$MS$s, A#yl$ ]l*]l VSr$ ll]l = 8000/2 =
4,000.
v) { EW ll]l 10 >l W l]l$MS$s, A#yl$ ]l*]l VSr$ ll]l =
8000(100+10)/100 = 8,800.
VS$]l$l]l$:
x1, x2, x3, ....xn VS$]l$l]l$ =
iv)
AMS]l$l]l$ = k
v) lZ { > k >l W lWY s AMS]l$l]l$ MS*y k >l
x1 x 2 x 3
x
, , ......, n
k k k
k
VSr$&5
A]l$MS$s,
kx
x
k
x1k , x 2k , x 3k ..............x nk
1
x
k
x
k
kx
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
>lMS ]l$l]l$ =
lZ >$ {]l* {]l B* M> VSr$O G Er$ E
> ^la.
E: JMS lVSZ $ $]l#]l$ MSZZ, {V>]lZ ]ll*l$ ^l>$. Il $]l#
{]l* {]l AMS]l$l]l$, VS$]l$l]l$, >lMS ]l$l]l*O Er$,
MS]l$MPyl.
]l*]l: lVSZ $ $]l#]l$ MSZ ]ll*l$ ^l D lV>
E$]l$Myl. w1, w2, w3.....wn MSZ$
D $]l# AMS]l$l]l$= $]l# ll/$]l# Q
= w1+w2+w3+....wn / n MSZ$
= wa MSZ$ A]l$Myl
= 1000 wa {V>]l$ ...........(1)
( 1 MSZ = 1000 {V>]l$)
D $]l# VS$]l$l]l$=
ii)
x1 x 2 x 3
x
, , ......, n
k k k
k
x
VS$]l$l]l$ = ( )
VS$]l$l]l$ =
VS$]l$l]l$ =
1 1 1
1
, , ........
x1 x 2 x 3
xn
>lMS]l$l]l$:
iv)
iii)
ii)
x1 x 2 x 3
x
, , ......, n
k k k
k
n
1
1
1
1
+
+
+ ...... +
w1 w 2 w 3
wn
n
1
1
1
1
+
+
+ ...... +
w1 w 2 w 3
wn
{V>]l$
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
{V>]l$
n
1
1
1
1
+
+
+ ...... +
1000w 1 1000w 2 1000w 3
1000w n
= 1000
= (w1.w2.w3....wn)1/n
($]l# )1/$]l# Q
32n +
9
(C1 + C 2 + C3 ...... + C n )
5
n
9
9
9
9
32 + C1, 32 + C 2 , 32 + C 3 ...... 32 + C n
5
5
5
5
n
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
yl{X r$ .......(3)
(1), (3) ]l$_ E~{VSl {]l* {]l AMS]l$l]l$O Eyll ^l^l$a.
Gl$MSs (1), (3)Z ]l_a]l AMS]l$l]l*$ yl* ]l*]l C#yl$ O E~{VSl
9
= 32 + C
5
yl{X r$ ......(2)
C#yl$ E~{VSl]l$ yl{X rZMS (F) ]ll*l$ ^l, s AMS]l$l]l$
9
= 32 + Cg
5
yl{X r$ .......(1).
s VS$]l$l]l$ = (C1.C2.C3......Cn)1/n
Cg yl{X s{VSyl$ A]l$M]lyl.
9
= 32 + C
5
C1+C2+C3+....+Cn/n
s AMS]l$l]l$=
9
F = 32 + C
5
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
.......... (1)
VSr$ Q$a $ Q
120 ]l$ $MS$ JMS kMS$ ll Q$a =
= (x 2.50)120 = 120x 300
M> 120x 300 = 100x + 400 M>.
,
D conversion *{lZ MS*ylMS, VS$M>, VS E. M>st {]l* {]l
9
F = 32 + C
5
yl{X r$ ...............(4)
(2), (4)Z ]l_a]l E~{VSl VS$]l$l]l*$ yl* ]l*]l M>]l#. M>st E~{VSl
{]l* {]l VS$]l$l]l$O Er$l ^l^l$a.
s: JMS > JMS {]l* ]l$_ ]l$ {]l*MS ]l*ayMS E*W^l con version
*{lZ MS]l VS$M>>$ (), V>>$ () ]l*{ll$ Es {]l* {]l
AMS]l$l]l$, VS$]l$l]l$, >lMS ]l$l]l*$ lsO Eyll$.
E: 1) $r$, s$r$: 4 $ = 4100 .$.
2) Ayl$VS$$, AVS$$: 5 Ayl$VS$$ = 512 AVS$$
JMS l conversion *{lZ VS$M>>$, V>> r$ MS*ylMS$ (+), ll$
(&) MS*y Es {]l* {]l MS]l AMS]l$l]l$O ]l*{ll$ Eyll$. VS$]l$l]l$,
>lMS ]l$l]l*O B {]l* {]l Er$.
E: yl{X r$, yl{X s{VSyl$.
9
9
9 n
= 32 + C1 32 + C 2 .... 32 + C n
5
5
5
VS$]l$l]l$
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
C#yl$ (1) ]l$_ 120 ]l$ E]l#yl$ JMP MS JMP kMS$ A$ VSr$ Q$a =
35 & 2.50 = 32.50
]lVS MS$ JMS lMS$ A$ ll Q$a
= VSr$ Q$a $ Q k Q
= 32.50 120 30 = 1,17,000
{$l ]lVS MS$ JMS lMS$ A$ ll Q$a = 1,17,000
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
Al *{l E*W^l]l^l$a.
Pn = Po 1 +
100
Pn = Po 1 +
100
lls l:
JMS > $]l 'Po' A]l$Ms...
]ll> l>l B > $]l 'Pn' A]l$MS$s...
'n'
Ayl$ B >Z ]ll*Ol]l MS VSr$ ]l*$ >l 'R' A]l$MS$s.. Ayl$
log x
A]l#l$.
Pn = Po 1 +
100
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
CMSPyl...
Anti log
]ly l:
[x1. x2 . x3 ..... xn ]n
y l:
Al *{ E*W^l]l^l$a.
Pn = Po 1
100
100
100
46.512 = 100 1
100
Al *{l {M>..
Pn = Po 1
100
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
= 46.512 r$
90 85 80 80
100
= 95
100 5 (100 10 )
= 100
100
100
lls l:
l MZMS$y ]l]l $]l {Z 100 r$ A]l$Ms.....
Cyl$ l {M> 5 H l>l B ]l]l $]l
R = 0.025100 = 2.5
> fZ MS VSr$ $VS$l r$ = 2.5%
R
= 1.025 1 = 0.025
100
R
= 1.025
100
1+
1
R
0.1
= (1.285 )10 = (1.285 )
100
1+
R
90
1 +
= 70 = 1.285
100
10
90 = 70 1 +
100
100
100
100
100
100
1005 = 95
10010 = 90
10015 = 85
10020 = 80
10020 = 80
_]l
]l]l
$]l
5
10
15
20
20
]l]l
$]lZ
lVS$Yl >l
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
= (4651200000)1/5 = 85.80
= (95 90 85 80 80 )5
{ ]ll _]l ]l]l $]l$& 95, 90, 85, 80, 80 VS$ ]l$l]l$
1
2
3
4
5
{Z
]l]ll
$]l
y l:
{ -H-y-- {Z ]l]l $]l "100' r$ A]l$M. Cyl$ ]l]l $]l$,
lVS$Yl]l$ B* ]ll>Z -st-MS-Z >-..
R = 14.2
]l]l MS VSr$ lVS$Yl r$ = 14.2%
R
1/5
1
= (0.46512 ) = 0.8580
100
R
46.512
1
= 100 = 0.46512
100
100
100
100
100
100
40
25
10
10
10
10040 = 60
10025 = 75
10010 = 90
10010 = 90
10010 = 90
_]l
${l
$]l
= 80.018
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
= (60 75 90 90 90 )5
{ ]ll _]l ${l $]l$ A-l 60, 75, 90, 90, 90 VS$ ]l$l]l$
1
2
3
4
5
{Z lVS$Yl
${l
>l
$]l
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2
2.5
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
$VS$l
>l
100+2=102
100+2.5=102.5
100+3=103
100+4=104
100+5=105
100+6=106
100+7=107
100+8=108
100+9=109
100+10=110
_]l BMS
BMS ]l]l
$]l
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
{Z
BMS ]l]l
$]l
VSr$ ]l*$ r$
100
100
100
{Z
]l$]l# l
Logxi= 6.3026
100+5=105
100+8=108
100+77=177
_]lZ
]l$]l# l (xi)
Log 105=2.0212
Log 108=2.0334
Log 177=2.2480
Log xi
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
6.3026
= Antilog
log xi
= Antilog
]lMSVSl { VS$]l$l]l$
1991--&92
1992-&93
1993&94
stMS & II
100
100
100
100
100
1
2
3
4
5
+ 10
+ 20
+ 15
- 19
-19
$]lZ
]l*$ >l
100 + 10 = 110
100 + 20 = 120
100 + 15 = 115
100 - 19 = 81
100-19 = 81
_]l
$]l
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
= 99.9190
O VS$lMS ]l$l]l$ ]l$_ D Il$ ]ll> M>Z $]l ll $l lWYl
^l]l^l$a.
$]lZ VSr$ lVS$Yl >l
{Z
$]l
2006
2007
2008
1,35,000
1,60,000
1,80,000
M>MS$$
(*. Z)l
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
= (39.36)1/3 = 3.4018
MS
VSr$ = 3.4018
72,000 + 1,80,000
72,000
= 3.353
AVS 2008Z =
= 3.5
VSr$ As B* l$ VS$]l$l]l$
VSr$ =(3.2133.3533.5)1/3
68,000 + 1,60,000
68,000
= 61,000 = 3.213
AVS 2007Z =
61,000 + 1,35,000
*f]l*]l
(*.Z)
= 32.2875
M>st lZ C_a]l 65% VSr$ $VS$l r$ O M>l$.
E: JMS MS ]lyl$ ]ll>Z *f]l*MS, M>MS$MS$ ^l_]l ll MS
ll$ MS lV> E. Al ll ll$, *f]l*MS ^l_]l ll
]l$l MS VSr$ Gl?
()
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
f1
xi
x2
f2
x3
f3
xn
fn
----------------------------
_e]l {$ VS$]l$l]l$:
>$$(xi) ]l@#$(fi)
= 144 = 12
= (64)1/3 = 4
log x i
= Anti log
n
= (x1.x 2 .x 3.......x n )n
VSr$-&VS$]l$l]l$
3
1
f i
)
()
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
VS$]l$l]l$ l>$:
1. lZ A >$O Byl Er$.
2. HMS$]lMS$ MSr$tyl Er$.
Wi Logx i
= Antil og
Wi
1
w i
------------------------------
x2
W2
x3
W3
xn
Wn
-----------------------------ll
Wi
l VS$]l$l]l$:
C_a]l lZ >$ ]l${]l MS$y, l >$ (Weights) MSW
Es Ayl$ l VS$]l$l]l* (Weighted Geometric Mean) y.
>$(Wi)
>$$(xi)
xx1
W1
f1 + f2 + f3 + ............ + fn
f Logx i
= Antil og i
f i
ll
fi
- O _e]l { VS$]l$l]l$ =
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
(100+Rn)]1/n 100.
n .Logx1 + n 2 .Logx 2
= Anti log 1
n1 + n 2
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
103.5673
. MS . _]l
]l r$ BMS ]l]l
1. 1.5 100+1.5 = 101.5
2. 2.7 100+2.7=102.7
3 3.0 100+3.0=103.0
4 4.5 100+4.5=104.5
5 6.2 100+6.2=106.2
VS$]l$l]l$ = (>$ )1/>$ Q Al {l$MS *{l {M> B* ]ll>
_]l BMS ]l]l $]l VS$]l$l]l$= (101.5102.7 103104.5106.2)1/5 =
]ll*Ol]lr$ A)
]l$ ]lQ VS]l$MS: C_a]l l>MS VS$]l$l]l* ]lyl$ $V> MS]l$MP]l^l$a. A...
G) ]lY]l*$ (Logarithms) E*W_
) ]lY]l*$ E*W^lMS$y {l$MS *{l E*W_
) ^l{MS]lylz *{ E*W_
O ]lyl$ Z l $MS$]lsMS O]l ]l*]ll$ ]l$.
E: JMS l BMS]l]l MS ]l r$ IlZ ]l$V> 1.5%, 2.7%, 3.0%, 4.5%, 6.2%V>
]ll*l*. Il D IlZ B l BMS ]l]l VSr$ MS ]l r$ Gl?
]l*]l: VSr$ MS ]l r$ VS^s VS$]l$l]l$ O]l VSMS# Ml. {
l]l BMS ]l]l $]l]l$ 100 r$ A]l$M C_a]l l> stMSZ
$MS$s...
[(100+R1)(100R2)(100+R3)]1/3 100
iii) JMS > lls ]ll R1% W, y ]ll R2% lWY, ]ly ]ll
(100R3)... (100Rn)]1/n
JMS > 'n' ]l$ ]ll>Z ]l$V> R1, R2, R3....Rn% ^#]l lWYl , D 'n'
]ll>Z B > VSr$ lVS$Yl >l = 100[(100R1) (100R2)
ii)
40
25
10
10
10
100-40=601.77815
100-25=751.87506
100-10=901.95424
100-10=901.95424
100-10=901.95424
Log xi = 9.51594
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
'n' As
]ll> Q = 5
VS$]l$l]l$=Antilog [9.51594/5]
= Antilog [1.90388] = 80.0180.
Log x i
= Anti log
O l VS$]l$l]l$
1
2
3.
4.
5.
Wl A.
MS VSr$ $VS$l r$ = 103.56737&100 = 3.5673%
E: JMS ${l $]l lls ]ll 40%, y Hy 25%, l>l ]lylZ 10%
l$ lWl D IlZ ${l $]lZ > lVS$Yl >l Gl?(CMSPyl { >l lWY]l
$]lO VS^$)
(GG, {VS*&1, l$&2008)
]l*]l: C#yl$ D ]l$]l$ VSll$ E*W_ G ^l]l^a ^l*.
{ ]ll {Z ${l $]l]l$ 100 r$ A]l$M C_a]l l>
stMSZ >
.lVS$Yl% _]l Log xi
${l
$]l (xi)
n
R
= 0.02545
100
R
= (1.28571) = 1.02545
100
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
R = 2.545
D lZ l fZ MS VSr$ $VS$l r$ = 2.545%
1+
R
90
1 +
= 1.28571
=
70
100
10
90 = 70 1 +
100
10
C#yl$ l {M>,
P 1 +
100
B > $]l =
x
100
50 1
=
100 2
1
1
%=
2
200
1
1
20% = ;10% = ;
5
10
G) 150
600Z
60
= 30
100
Gl?
50
y
x
100
yl) 300
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
) 200 ) 250
1
33 %
3
50Z 60% =
x Al >Z y% =
CllV>
50% =
x% =
>$&1
100
% = 600
3
150
50 = x
100
x
= 50 x = 100
2
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
l Al Q ]l $. Al B
3x
x = 50
2
E
6.5 rZ 130 $r$ Gl >l?
G) 20 ) 5) 2yl) 200
E
JMS QZ 150 >l ]l$_ 50
Q Gl?
G) 100 ) 50 ) 150 yl) 200
]l*]l
'x'Z 150% & 50 = x
]l*]l ()
100
= 42
60
60
= 25.2
100
x = 25.2
]l*]l ()
E
JMS QZ 60 >MS 25.2 ]l*]l. Al B Q Gl?
G) 40 ) 44 ) 42
yl) 46
]l*]l
B Q]l$ 'x' A]l$Ms Ayl$ 'x'
Z 60 >l = 25.2
100
= 200
3100
600Z
]l*]l
1 33 3 + 1 100
=
33 =
3
3
3
x
= 130
100
x=2
6,500
yl) 150
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
75
x
= 60
100
100
x = 60
= 80
75
]l*]l (yl)
E
lMS VSlZ 75MS 60 ]l*$P$, BVS Z 60MS 42 ]l*$P$ ]l^a. Al H jMS$tZ
Al { l$$V>Y E?
G) VSl
) BVS
) ylsZ]l* ]l*]l { E
yl) ^l
]l*]l
llr ]l*$P]l$ >Z MS]l$MP. Gl$MSs yl$ jMS$tZ VSt ]l*$P $
]l*]l M>l$.
VSl
x
1
1
=
3 100 2
300
x=
= 150
2
]l*]l ()
E
1/3Z 1/2 Gl >l?
G) 50 ) 60 ) 120
]l*]l
Ayl$
]l*]l
llr yl$ >$]l$ JMS {]l*Z >*.
6.5 r$ = 6,500 $ r$
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
x
= 42
100
100
x = 42
= 70
60
60
100
17
100 = 20
85
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
]l*]l (yl)
E
{$l JMS MS ]ll B$ *. 30 S$. B$ lls ]ll 20
>l, y ]ll 30 >l W. Al yl$ ]ll> l>l MS
]ll B$ Gl?
G) 45 S$ ) 35 S$
) 46.8 S$ yl) 50 S$
]l*]l
lls ]ll l>l MS B$
85
= 13,800
]l*]l ()
E
]l$ l]l $]l#]l$ 85 MSi ]l$_ 68 MSiMS$ lWY^yl$. Al Al $]l# Gl >l
lWY?
G) 17
) 18
) 19
yl) 20
]l*]l
G) 13,000
) 13,500
) 13,800
yl) 13,900
]l*]l
l$--$-]l = ----$-]l (100+-$-VS$-l- >l)
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
100
Al *{ A]l$_
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
= 36 S$
D 36 S *$ B$ $l y ]ll 30 >l W. M>st y
B$ 36 (100 + 30 )
100
]ll l>l MS
= 46.8 S$
]l*]l ()
100
30 (100 + 20 )
1 +
100
100
= 10,00,000 (1.1)5
= 16,10,510
]l*]l ()
10
= 10,00,000 1 +
100
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
R = 10
T=5
E
JMS ]lVS f 10 S$. f ]ll>MS 10% ^]l Wl 5 ]ll> l>l
B ]lVS f Gl?
G) 15 S$ ) 20 S$
) 16,10,510 yl) 15,10,510
]l*]l
lZ P = 10 S$
= P 1
100
2. JMS > ]ll>MS R% ^]l lWYl, 'T' ]ll> l>l B > $]l
= P 1 +
100
>$&2
12
1 +
100
15
1 +
100
= 11.95
10
100
162000
100
(0.9 )3
162000
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
= *. 1,18,098
>$Z ]l*$ & s O {]l
JMS >Z x% ]l*$, y >Z y% ]l*$ ]l B yl$ >$ Z ]l^la ]l*$
10
= 1,62,000 1
100
= P 1
100
= *. 2,22,222.22
3 ]ll> l>l ${l $]l
]l*]l (G)
E
JMS ${l $]l ]ll>MS 10% lVS$Yl$. {$l $]l *. 1,62,000 Al
3 ]ll> {MSl, 3 ]ll> l>l B ${l $]l Gl?
]l*]l
3 ]ll> {MSl ${l $]l
E
JMS M^lr$t yl]l# {$l 15 $r$ B ^lr$t 12% ^]l $VS$l$]lrl
2 ]ll> {MSl B M^lr$t yl]l# Gl?
G) 11.95 $r$
) 12.6 $r$
) 11.4 $r$ yl) 12 $r$
]l*]l
lZ P = 15, R = 12, T = 2
2 ]ll> {MSl ^lr$t yl]l#
100
(x y )
18
5
100
(+30 ) (12 )
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
y = +10
= +14.4
]l*]l ()
O *{ MS l>Z MS*y E*W^l]l^l$a.
1. ^ll${ O l > = $f $f
2. ]ll O l > = ()2
3. l* = M> lVS
4. Q$a = l *VS
5. V El O l > = 4 ()2
E
JMS ]ll 10% Wl B ]ll Ol> Gl >l $VS$l$.
G) 10% ) 20% ) 21% yl) 15%
]l*]l
lZ x = +10
= 18
= 30 12 +
x = +30, y = 12
E
JMS ^ll${ yl]l# 30% W, lyl$ 12% lWYl, Ol>Z ]l*$ >l
Gl?
G) 21% $VS$l$
) 15.6% lVS$Yl$
)14.4% $VS$l$
yl) H ]l*$ Eyll$
]l*]l
O l > = yl]l# lyl$
= x+ y+
>l
100
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
= &0.25
Q$a 0.25% lWY
]l*]l (yl)
x = 5
y = +5
= 21
]l*]l ()
E
MSZ ^lMSP l 5% lWY. Al ]l$$Z JMS MS$r$ ^lMSP *V> 5% _.
Al B MS$r$ ^lMSP $l ^l$]l Q$aZ ]l*$ >ll$l?
G) 25% lWY ) 25% W
) 0.25% W
yl) 0.25% lWY
]l*]l
Q$a = l *VS
100
100
(10 10 )
(x y )
= 10 + 10 +
= x+ y+
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
2)l$VS$l >l =
( $]l & l$ $]l) 100
$]l
3)]l*$ >l =
(l$ $]l & $]l) 100
$]l
VS]l$MS: ]l*$ >l $]l llMS Al A $VS$l]l$ *_$. $lMS A
l A l$VS$l]l$ *_$. O *{ ]l$_ MS *{]l$ >rt]l^l$a.
4)l$ $]l =
$]l (100 + $VS$l >l)
100
5)l$ $]l =
$]l (100 & l$VS$l >l)
100
6)l$ $]l =
$]l (100 + ]l*$ >l)
100
7) $]l =
l$ $]l 100
(100 + $VS$l >l)
]lQOl$]l *{$:
1)$VS$l >l = (l$ $]l & $]l) 100
$]l
]l*$ >l
>$&3
100
100
100
P
R
1 +
100
P
R
100
n3
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
R 1
R 2
R
= P 1 + 1 1 + 2 1 + 3
100 100 100
= P 1
100
= P 1 +
100
8) $]l =
l$ $]l 100
(100 & l$VS$l >l)
9) $]l =
l$ $]l 100
(100 + ]l*$ >l)
10) JMS > { $l $]l P A]l$Ms... lls ]lyl$ ]ll>Z B >Z ]l*$
>$ ]l$V> R1, R2, R3 Al ]lyl$ ]ll> l>l B > $]l =
n3
= P 1
100
162000
10
100
1,62,000
0.81
100
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
2)>]l 300 ^ll# VSg ^ll# VSf *. 3000 ^]l Myl$. B $]l
lls ]ll 10%, y ]l l 20% ^]l W ]lyl$, $VS$ ]ll>Z
]l$V> 15%, 10% ^ ]l lWY. $VS l>l >]l B A$l AlMS ]l*,
]lt]l* Gl?
= 2,00,000
yl$ ]ll> {MSl ${l $]l = *. 2,00,000
= 1,62,000 (0.90)2
10
= 1,62,000 1
100
R = 10,n = 2
1)JMS ${l {$l $]l *. 1,62,000. $]l { ]ll 10% ^]l lWYl yl$
]ll> l>l $]l Gl? AVS yl$ ]ll> {MSl $]l Gl?
]l*]l:
l ]l$_ P = 1,62,000
E$
R 1
R 2
R
= P 1 + 1 1 + 2 1 3
100 100 100
n3
5
2
= 5,00,000 1 +
1 +
100 100
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
R 1
R 2
R
= P 1 + 1 1 + 2 1 3
100 100 100
R3 = 2 n3 = 3
R1 = 5, n1 = 3
R2 = 2,
n2 = 2
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
= 3000
= P
]l*]l:
llr $VS$ ]ll> l>l ^ll# VSf $]l G MS]l$MS$P.
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
100
2R 15
3
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
3(R 15) = 2R 15
3R 45 = 2R 15 R = 30
R 15 =
2. {$l ]l$$ l]l l{yl ]l$$Z VS. 15 H {MSl ]l$$ l]l l{yl
]l$$Z ]ly ]ll$. Al l>l ]l$$ Gl?
.{$l ]l$$ R A]l$MS$s Al l{yl ]l$$ 2R A]l#l$. Ayl$ l
]l$_
a + 10 = 2(b 10) I
a = b + 9 II
II ]l$ I Z {S
b + 9 + 10 = 2(b 10)
b + 19 = 2b 20
b = 39
{$l B ]l$$ 39 H$
E$:
1. l M>Z A, B lMS$ N]l]l ]l$$]lMS$
yll$s$. JMSl, Cyl$ B MSs A 9 H$
lOyll B {$l ]l$$ Gl?
.{$l A, B ]l$$$ ]l$V> a, b H$ A]l$Ms Ayl$ l ]l$_
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
lWYl] i = 8 : 7
5. JMS ]lMS ]l$$ l]l Cl$ MS$]l*$ ]l$$ lMS ]lyl$ r$. Al l>l
Al ]l$$ MS$]l*$ ]l$$ lMS st]l#l$. Al B ]lMS {$l
]l$$ Gl? (Civils Prelims 2002)
.Cl$ MS$]l*$ ]l$$ ll x H$ A]l$Ms l{yl ]l$$ 3x H$ A]l#l$.
Al l>l MS$]l*$ ]l$$ ll = x + 5 + 5 H$ = x + 10 H$
Al l>l l{yl ]l$$ =
3x + 5 H$
= 24 : 21 = 8 : 7
ll Q = 720
4. JMS B $Z EVS$ Q]l$ 4 : 3MS lWY_ i]l$ 6 : 7MS _l W]l lWYl]
i Gl?
. EVS$ Q]l$ 4K ]l$_ 3KMS lWY_, i]l$ 6L ]l$_ 7LMS ^$
A]l$M.
Ayl$ B$Z Al$ EVS$ i ll (llr) = 4K 6L = 24KL
i ll (l$l) = 3K 7L
= 21KL
M>st i ll 24KL ]l$_ 21KLMS lWY.
lWYl] i
= 24KL : 21KL
= 18 40 = 720
_Z ll Q
= 5K + 9K + 4K = 18K
91 5
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
= =
(5 + 8)
13
= 35
y Q = 91 & 35 = 56
B yl$ Q$ = 35, 56
91 5
ll
.lls Q =
91 lls l
I, Prelims 1991)
3x + 5 = 2(x + 10)
3x + 5 = 2x + 20 x = 15
]lMS { $l ]l$$ = 3x = 3 15 = 45
]lMS {$l ]l$$ = 45 H$
l ]l$_
5K 50 + 9K 25 + 4K 20
= 22,200
250K + 225K + 80K = 22,200
( 222 *]l$ OZMS ]l*al 22,200 O$ ]l$).
555K = 22,200
K = 40
M> l ]l$_
5K 50 + 9K 25 + 4K 20 O$.
x
y
x: y =
x y
: ,( P 0)
P P
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
x : y = Px : Py, (P 0)
Al]l = ]l$l]l .
E:
36 VSrMS$, 2 kMS$ VS Gl?
]l*]l:
2 k$ = 2 24 VSr$
= 48 VSr$
M>]l = 36 : 48
= 3 : 4 ( ]l$ 12 W)
]l*]l 3 :4
Z yl$ ]l$ JMSQ ($ M>MS$y Cl Q) VS$_ W_
B $]l ]l*l$.
a:b=c:d
a c ad = bc
=
A]l$l
x:yy:x
x: y =
JMS
&A]l$l
: b : c = l : m : n Al
a = kl, b = km, c = kn (k HOl]l JMS ^l >) A A]l$M]l^l$a.
m n
: = mb : na
a b
1 1
: = b:a
a b
36 48
:
= 3: 4
12 12
32 k 32
=
= 32 : 7
7k
7
4 3k + 5 4 k
5 3k 2 4 k
4x + 5 y
5x 2 y
A B C
: :
B C A
$]l Gl?
2
3
4
12 : 12 : 12
3
4
2
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
= 8 : 9 : 24
]l*]l 8 : 9 : 24
A B C 2 3 4
: : = : :
B C A 3 4 2
]l*]l:
A : B : C = 2 : 3 : 4 Al
E:
(G.G..&2002)
]l*]l 32 :7
VS]l$MS: O {Z l$V> xMS l$$ 3, yMS l$$ 4]l$ {S_ MS*y ]l*]l ]l$.
x : y = 3 : 4 M>st
x = 3k,
y = 4k A]l$M]l^l$a.
(4x + 5y) : (5x 2y)
]l*]l:
E:
a
2 : 3 = 4 2 :4 3 = 8 : 12,
36 48
E:
II
: 3
: 5
: 7
672 5 672 5
=
5+3
8
= 84 5 = 420
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
E:
672]l$ 5 : 3 Z h^lyl.
]l*]l:
lls VS =
ll lls l
ll
Ml l C_a]l Z h ^lyl:
= 16 : 24 : 30 : 35
]l*]l -16 : 24 : 30 : 35
W)
A : B : C : D = 2 4 2 : 4 6 : 6 : 5 : 5 7 (Z A ]l$ 3
A:B:C:D=
2 4 6 : 4 6 3 : 6 3 5 : 3 5 7.
2 4 6 IZ ]lyl$ $
4 6 3 IZ _]l yl$
$, IIZ lls l
6 3 5 IZ _]l
l, IIZ lls yl$ $.
3 5 7 IIZ ]lyl$ $
I
A:B=2
B:C=4
C : D =6
]l*]l:
D l*yl ]l$]l$ ^lyMS tMSs l$lyl ^l*.
(G.G..&2002)
A : B = 2 : 3, B : C = 4 : 5, C : D = 6 : 7 Al A : B : C : D $]l Gl?
E:
R s 2
=
S s 3
1300 8
= 160
65
1300 8
(8 + 12 + 18 + 27)
1300 18
= * .360
(8 + 12 + 18 + 27)
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
VS]l$MS:
JMS l 'R' s MS]l$MPs 'R' s
P s = *. 160
s =
P : Q = 2 : 3, Q : R = 2 : 3
R:S=2:3
P:Q:R:S
= 2 2 2 : 2 2 3 : 2 3 3 : 3 3 3
=
8P: 12 : 18 : 27
]l*]l:
Al P s Gl?
P s Q s
=
Q s R s
VS]l$MS:
y VS =
ll y l
ll
AVS ]lyl$, $VS$ V>MS$ MS*y *{]l$ >$M]l^l$a.
E:
*. 1300]l$ P, Q, R, S$ ^l$MS$ $.
lls VS = 420
y VS = 672 420 = 252
]l*]l & 420, 252
(G.I.. 2003)
100
100
810 100
= 1500
69
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
P=
P 69
810 =
100
= 11,800
= 10,000 +
10,000 3 6
100
= 10,000 + 1,800
E$
T +R
= P 1 +
100
P T R
=P+
100
P T R
100
ll (A)
$]lylz
P & A$
R & ]lylzr$ (MS)
T & M> (Z) Al
$]lylz
$ ]lylz&^l{MS ]lylz
) 6 $
yl) 12 $
100
^l{MS]lylz
100
T
n
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
CMSPyl
P & A$, R & ]lylzr$
T & M> (Z)
]lylz { ]ll>MS JMS A$Z MS$$.
2. P & A$, R & ]lylzr$ (MS), T & M> (Z) Eyl, ]lylz { n ]ll>MS$
JMS A$Z MS
ll (A) = P 1 + R
100
100
R=
= 12.5
8
4. JMS ]lMS Ml yl$]l$ $]lylzMS AV> C^ayl$. 8 ]ll>MS$ AlMS st# yl$
>s ]lylz >l Gl Ey?
G) 16% ) 4% ) 24% yl) 12.5%
]l*]l: yl
500 5 T 380 5 T
=
+ 36
100
100
G) 3 $
) 9 $
]l*]l:
23
27783 = 24000 1 +
100
100
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
T
n
= P 1 +
100
= 5798.467
2.5
= 5000 1 +
100
ll (A)
2. O ]l$Z ]lylz 6 lMS$ JMS A$Z MS, 3 ]ll> l>l >]l ^l^]l
lll$l?
G) 5375
) 5384.45
) 5700
yl) 5798.467
]l*]l: yl
n = 6 l$ 1
=
= 5000
= 5384.45
= *. 5384.45
(1.025)3
2.5
A = 5000 1 +
100
100
E$
27783
= (1 + 0.05)T = (1.05) T
24000
T2
T2
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
=AP
= 7666.56 4000
= 3666.56
]lylz = ll & A$
10
20
= 4000 1 +
1 +
100
100
R 1
R
= P 1 + 1 1 + 2
100
100
ll (A)
T2 = 2
P = 4000,
R1 = 10,
T1 = 3,
R2 = 20,
E$
R 1
R
= P 1 + 1 1 + 2
100 100
T =3
1.157625 = (1.05) T
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
= 50 100
M]ll
4
M]ll = 50 100 25 = 800
1 25
6 =
4 4
E$
{$ lV> ]l.
1. = A$]l l & M]l l
2. ]l t = M]l l & A$]l l
3. >l = 100
M]l l
4. ]lt >l= ]lt 100
M]l l
1
6 %
4
Al
&]lt$
x
100 = 50
2x
A$]l l
1
11 %
9
]lt ]l$?
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
1
100
= 11 % =
%
9
9
E$
1. A$]l l
=M]ll (100 + >l)
100
2. A$]l l
=M]ll (100 & ]lt>l)
100
3. M]ll =A$]l l 100
(100 + >l)
]lQOl$]l *{$
M]ll = 2x A]l#l$.
= 3x 2x = x
>l= 100
M]ll
450 100
= 600
100 25
]l ll$l
]lt ]l$.
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
x x
%
100
= 900
3. JMS yl$ ]l$]l#]l$ JMPMSPs *. 480MS A$l llsO 20% , y
GlMS$ A]l*?
G) *. 675 ) *. 900
) *. 800 yl) *. 600
]l*]l:
A$]l l = *. 450, ]l t = 25%
Al M]ll= A$]l l 100
(100 & ]lt>l)
2. JMS ]l$]l#]l$ *. 450MS A$l 25% ]lt ]l$. Al 50% >s B ]l$]l#]l$
A$]l l =
= 640
100
720 100
100
20 20
% = 4%
100
xx
%
100
15 x 5 x
=
12
4
x
= 4 100 = 25
x
5x
x
x=
4
4
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
G ]l$M>$$ A]l*?
G) 24 ) 36 ) 20yl) 25
]l*]l: yl
30 ]l$M>$ M]ll = *. 1
>l
6. JMS *MS 30 ]l$M>$$ Myl$. AlMS 20% >s *MS
A$]l l
]l t
15 15
=
% = 2.25%
100
]l t
M>st ll$l AlMS 4% ]lt ]l$.
4. yl$ VSyl*>]l$ JMS lMS$ A$l, JMS $l 15% , ]l$MS $l 15% ]lt
1 (100 + 20)
100
30
= 25
1.20
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
= *. 1.20
As *. 1.20MS 30 ]l$M>$$ A]l*.
*. 1MS A]l$]l]l ]l$M>$$
= 20%
30 ]l$M>$ A$]l l =
x y
100
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
= x+ y+
^ll${
Ol>
Ol>$-&1
100 x
100 + x
100 x
100 x
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
= 2.16 M>t$
3. ^ll${ yl]l#]l$ 50% _, lyl$]l$ 50% lWY Ol>Z ]l^la ]l*$ >l
Gl?
10 k = 600
k = 60
yl]l# = 3 60 = 180 $r$,
lyl$ = 2 60 = 120 $r$.
O l > = 180 120 = 21,600 ^ll# $r$.
E$
1. JMS ^ll${ ^l$r$tMl 28 .$., MS~ 10 .$. Al Ol> Gl?
]l*]l:
2 (yl]l# + lyl$) = 28
yl]l# + lyl$ = 14
C$Ol# ]lY ^l
yl]l#2 + lyl$2 + 2 yl]l# lyl$ = 196
M> MS~2 = yl]l#2 + lyl$2 = 102 = 100
100 + 2 yl]l# lyl$ = 196
yl]l# lyl$ = 48
M>st Ol> = 48 ^ll# .$.
2. JMS ^ll${ yl]l#, lyl$$ 3:2 Z E. ^l$r$tMl 600 $r$.
Al Ol> M>t$Z Gl?
]l*]l:
yl]l# = 3k $r$, lyl$ = 2k $r$ A]l$Ms,
^l$r$tMl = 2 (3k + 2k) = 600
=
x y
100
50 50
100
a b =
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
= + 0.8
Ol>Z r$ >l = + 0.8% As Ol> 0.8% >l GMS$P]lV>
]ll*l]l#l$.
5. JMS ^ll${ ^l$r$tMl 60 $r$, Ol> 200 ^ll# $r$ Al yl]l#,
lyl$ ]l$l l?
]l*]l:
2 (yl]l# + lyl$) = 60
yl]l# + lyl$ = 30 (1)
5 4
100
x y
100
=54
x+ y+
= 25
50 50
x = + 50, y = 50
Ol>Z ]l*$ >l =
l {M>
x+ y+
]l*]l:
Ol>Z ]l*$ >l =
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
30 2 4 200 = 10 (2)
2 $f
x2
100
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
s O l > l = 102 82
= 36 P .$.
36 P .$. Ol> VS ^ll${ $f = 36 = 6 .$.
^l$r$tMl = 4 6
= 24 .$.
2. yl$ ^ll${ MS>~$ 2 : 5 Z E. Al s Ol> , ^l$r$tMl
MS]l$V]lyl.
]l*]l:
4b1 = 40
4b2 = 32
b1 = 10, b2 = 8
E$
2x +
2. MS~ =
1. O l > = $f $f = ($f)2
^l$r$tMl = 4 $f
^ll${
Ol>$&2
A2 =
d 22
2
p1 = 2 2d 1, p 2 = 2 2d 2
100
(25 )2
2x +
x2
100
___________
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
= 43.75
= 2 (25 ) +
25
s ^l$r$tMl = 2 : 5
3. JMS ^ll${ $g 25% lWY ^l$r$tMlZ, Ol>Z ]l^la ]l*$ >l Gl?
]l*]l:
CMSPyl x = 25
^l$r$tMlZ ]l^la ]l*$ >l =
p1 : p2 = d1 : d2
=2:5
AllV>
= 4 : 25
s O l > = 4 : 25
A1 : A 2 = d 12 : d 22 = 2 2 : 5 2
d12
2
7m
7m
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
O r ]l$_ VS yl]l# = 7 + 7
= 14 $.
lyl$ = 7 $.
O l > = 14 7
= 98 ^ll# $r$
7m
7m
= 176
M>]l MSt yl
Q = 176
544 374
34 34
7m
A1 =
yl Ol>
7m
7m
r2
d 2
4
A=
p2
4
x
100
2
1 l
4
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
E$
l 2
]ll O l > = 4
= 2x +
iv)
v)
ii)
iii)
i) d = 2r
]ll Ol>
Ol>$&3
7
22
d 2
= 77
8
22
70
7
$r$
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
( 50)
= 75%
100
>l
2( 50) +
x2
100
= 2x +
x = 50
1100
= 500
2.2
66 1000
60
d = 14 .$.
]ll = 14 .$.
d 2 = 77 8
A ]ll Ol>
]ll O l > =
d 2
4
2x2
2 2x
= 2x
2
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
AllV> s ^l$r$tMl = 1: 2
6. JMS ]llZ ]l$$ {$f Al_]lyl$ B ]ll 'r' Al ]l$$
{$f Ol> Gl?
]l*]l:
=
:
=1:2
]l*]l : 1 : 2
x2
= x 2 : ( 2 x) 2
^ll${ $f = 2x A]l$MS$s
Al]ll = OA = x
]l*]l : 4 :
2 r 2
r
= r 2 : = r 2 :
4
2
s O l > = r2 : l2
r
l=
2
]l*]l:
]ll = r, ^ll${ $f = l A]l$MS$s 2r = 4l
OA r
=
2
2
r 3r
=
2 2
3 3 r2
4
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
3 3 2
r
4
]l*]l :
3r
3 3 r2
2
= =
4
3
h2
=
3
]l$$ {$f Ol>
=r+
OD =
OA = r
]ll MS{l O, ABC JMS ]l$$ {$f. AD, BC OMS X]l E]l ]ll
r A]l$MS$s...
22 14 14
= 154
7
4
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
*_^l]l^l$a.
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
H]l$VS$$
fl$]l#$
JMP MS$r$ JMS ]ll > *_. JMS MS$r$ ]l$ MS$r$Z VSOl$]lyl$
fQ$, Q$ l$$lO]l.
l^l$V> {$ ]l$$$.
1. JMS ]l$$ {$f, JMS ^ll${, JMS ]ll ]l*]l ^l$r$tMl]l$ MSW Es s
Ol> ]l$l l MS lV> Er$.
T<S<C
T - ]l$$ {$f Ol>
S - ^ll${ Ol>
C - ]ll Ol>
t&1
hMS yl*{VSl$&1
d 2
=
4
B ]ll O l >
yMSt$
MS*V>$$
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
#$$$
> ^l*^l]l^l$a.
]ll
MS$r$$ C$.
Cs
3. ]l$$, EVS$$
H]l$VS$$
lV> *_^l]l^l$a.
2. H]l$VS$$, $
()
(yl)
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
1)fl$]l#$, MS$MSP$, $$
(C)
()
(G)
M E$
]lyl$
$$
fl$]l#
l$fl$]l#$
$$
{MSMSs
BrV>$
]l*]l (C)
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
$$
s
A]l*]l$$
MS$MSP$
M>st ]l*]l ()
MS$MSP$
_]l$
EVS$$
MS*
{l]l>$
$
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
MS*V>$$
M>$$
M>st ]l*]l ()
>fMS$
$MS$$
S>$$
]l*l
B{l{l
Ol>l
^l{MS
$
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
O$
M>$
9)^l{MS $, M>$, O$
M>st ]l*]l ()
E$ l{yl$$
M>st ]l*]l ()
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
1) ]l$$, AS>$$
E :
(2) Br$, MS
(1) Ol>l,
E :
lV> Eyl]l^l$a.
yl*{VSl$O {$ ]l$.
t&2
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
M E$
3) ]l$$, #$$$
2) l]l]ll$$, l$
E : 1) MS*V>$$, BMS$MS*$
2) l$$, #$$$
(yl)
()
BrV>$
B]l#$
ll
B{l{l
Ol>l
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
$$
M>st ]l*]l ()
(C)
()
(G)
lMS$$
lV>$
]l*Ps
l$M>
]l$]l#$
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
g$ VS$
M>st ]l*]l ()
l{yl$$
yMSt$
E$
]lMS$$
]lVS
M>
C$
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
M>st ]l*]l ()
7)]lVS, M>, C$
l$$
M>st ]l*]l ()
l$$s$.
#$$$
6)]lMS$$, l$$, E$
MS$MSP$
EVS$$
l$MS$
#$$$
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
#yl$ MS$MSP #yl$ fl$]l#. #yl$ MS$MSP MS$MSP. #yl$ fl$ ]l#Z M
ll Oll$$
Oll$$
]l$$
M>st ]l*]l ()
l$ fl$]l#$
fl$]l#$
#yl$ MS$MSP$
MS$MSP$
^l {MSyM>$$
]l Q$
N~ Q$
f Q$
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
f Q N~ Q. AVS N~ Q ]l Q.
$$
{VS$
#yl$
fl$]l#$
MS$MSP$s.
rt{l$$
S>$$
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
E$
M>st ]l*]l ()
(yl)
()
(yl)
()
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
()
(G)
]l*]l (G)
()
(G)
C.
(yl)
()
()
(G)
(yl)
()
]l*]l (G)
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
()
(G)
]l*]l (yl)
()
(G)
MSl$]l$ *_$?
]l*]l (G)
(yl)
()
(yl)
()
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
]l*]l ()
()
(G)
]l*]l ()
()
(G)
()
(yl)
(yl)
()
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
yl*{VSl$]l$ VS$^lyl.
i]l>Z VS.
]l*]l ()
()
(G)
]l*]l (G)
()
(G)
V>$MS$$
BrV>$
(yl)
()
l
>
]lVS
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
]l*]l ()
MS$
()
(G)
l$l Ol$
BrV>yl$
rt{l$yl$
Eyl
]l$$
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
yMSt$
Ml]l$ E $s$.
]l*]l ()
Eyl$
A.
M l$l Ol$ >W ^l$. M>Wl Al >WMS V>, l$l OlMS$ V> l
]l*]l (yl)
>W
M>Wl
(yl)
()
i
t]l
]lM>$$
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
M>]l
MS*V>$$
]l*]l (G)
14. , t]l, i
()
(G)
VS$^lyl.
]l*]l (yl)
]l*]l (G)
l .
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
]l*]l (yl)
]l$$
a
b
d
EVS$$
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
rt{l$$
M E]l$
V>, $VS$ V> A>$ C$. JMP A JMP MS$r$ l$g$. D _{l
]l$$
d
e
j
]llZ, ^ll${Z E.
EVS$$ e A]l#$.
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
) AS>$l* f$t$
EVS$O Ey
) ylOl]l l* AS>$$
]l$O Ey
f$t$
G) ]l$l* ylOl]l$
AS>$$
rt{l$O Ey
]l*]l:
ylOl]l$
BrV>$
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
]l*]l:
10. 4 l *_$?
]l*]l:
9. "1' l *_$?
yMSt$
^ll$
MS A]l#l$.
]l*]l$ VS$^lyl.
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
]l*]l:
11. 2 l *_$?
II
VII
IV
rt$$
^ll$]l#MS$]l$
III
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
VI
MStyl
^l$
5
6
]l$$
yMSt$
EVS$$
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
D
C F
rt{l$$
l$r
$
>fMS$
$MS$$
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
E$
EVS$$
EVS ^l$]l ]ll A$. M>st $VS yl$ ]lZ Ey. B lV> "4' E.
^ll$]l#MS$]l$
BrV>$
]ll
SMS$$
(Coaches)
MS$
]ll$$
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
F A]l#l$.
b
f
>l EVS$$
EVS$$
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
^ll$]l#MS$]l$
3 5
#$$$
BVS]ll$$
E *_$.
V> Ey.
18
18
2x 2
=
15 3
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
= 75 MS.$./VSr
lV> 25 MS.$./VSr _l = 75 + 25
x=5
x x 40
=
3 5 60
= 100 MS.$./VSr
st ]l$$ = 800 = 8 VSr$
100
D lVS 800 MS.$. {*^lyMS
2.JMS EW 3 MS.$./VSr lVS ]lyl B$MS$ 20 $$ BV> lyl$. lV>
2 MS.$./VSr _l B$MS$ 20 $ $ ]ll$V> lyl$. A l Al Cs ]l$_
B $MS ]l$l l*l$l?
G) 2 MS.$. ) 3 MS.$.
) 4 MS.$. yl) 5 MS.$.
]l*]l: yl
CsMS, B$MS ]l$l l* = x A]l$Ms, l ]l$_
E$
5
VS$_, MSZ$r$ / VSrZMS ]l*a]l^l$a.
C_a]l lV> 5 VS$_
18
AVS MSZ$r$/VSrZ
$r$/MS]l$ZMS ]l*a]l^l$a.
IV S lVS: yl$ $ V1, V2 lV> {*$$ A]l$ MS$.
A yl$ JMSZ {*$s s]l$l S lVS = V1 V2
A yl$ ]lMS Z {*$s s]l$l SlVS = V1 + V2
V. yl$ ]l$ll* = S lVS M>
M> =
l*
lVS
III. {]l*$
V> l*> $r$ MSZ$rZ *_.
M> MS]lZ, $Z VSrZ *_.
lV> V> $r$/MS]l$ MSZ$r$/VSrZ *_.
I. l* = lVS M>
]lQOl$]l *{$
300
2
= 300 = 120
5
5
2
M>
MS]l$
l*
S lVS
VSr$ lVS
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
E$
18
A]lM> Eyl.
5. 100 $r yl]l# VS JMS O$ 72 MS.$./VSr lVS {*$. 200 $r yl]l#
VS ]l$MS O$ 63 MS.$./VSr lVS Al Z l$. Al lls O$MS$ y
O$]l$ ryMS Gl ]l$$ yl$l$?
G) 60 MS]l$ ) 90 MS]l$
) 120 MS]l$ yl) 150 MS]l$
]l*]l:
y O$]l$ ss lls O$ {*^]l l* = lls O$ yl]l# +
yl]l O$ yl]l#
= 100 + 200 = 300 $r$
yl$ O S lVS = 72 & 63
= 9 MS.$./VSr
9 MS.$./VSr = 9 5 = 5 $/
=
VSr
1 3 5
+ =
2 4 4
45 3
=
60 4
65
4
= 65 = 52
5
5
4
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
ll l* = 20 + 45 = 65 MS.$.
ll l*
VSr$ lVS=
llMSM>
.$./VSr
l>l 45 $Z {*_]l l*
MS.$.
3
= 60 = 45
ll M>
45 $$
60
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
O$ & M ]l$$
M> l*&2
]l$$
= O$ yl]l#/(O$lVS+]l$]l# lVS)
4. ]l$]l# ^l]lZ Eyl, yl]l# VS ^llW A]lyl$, B ]l$]l#]l$ ryMS
O$MS$ st ]l$$
= (O$ yl]l#+]l$]l# yl]l#)/(O$lVS & ]l$]l# lVS) JMSl ]l$]l#, O$ ]lMS Z
{*$s B ]l$]l#]l$ ryMS O$MS$ st ]l$$
= (O$ yl]l#+]l$]l# yl]l#) / (O$lVS + ]l$]l# lVS) E: ^l]lZ E]l JMS O$,
^l]lZ E]l ]l$ O$]l$ ryl.
E: JMS O$, tlZ s 36 MS]lZ, s $l $a]l ]lMS 20 MS]lZ
s. O$ lVS 54 MS.$/VSr Al s yl]l# Gl? (HiD, 1982)
f$: lZ ]l$$ MS]lZ E M>st, O$ lV> $r$/MS]lZMS ]l*>a.
O $lVS = 54 5/18 = 15 $/ O $yl]l#]l$ L1, s yl]l#]l$ L2 A A]l$MS$s..
Cyl$ ]lMS ryMS O $MS$ st ]l$$ = 20 = L1/15
L1= 20 1- 5 = 300 $r$.
s ryMS O$MS$ st ]l$$
= 36 = L1+L2/15
300 + L2= 36 1- 5 = 540
L2= 540&300 = 240 $
s yl]l# = 240 $r$.
E: JMS O$ Cfl 210 $, 122$ yl]l# E]l yl$ rl]l$ ]l$V> 25 Z
r$l$. Al B O$ Cfl yl]l#, lV>]l$ MS]l$MPyl? (Gl$G, 1998)
f$: O$ yl]l#]l$ L $, lV> V $/, A A]l$MS$s... Ayl$ 210 $ yl]l#
E]l rl]l$ ryMS st ]l$$
= 25 = L+ 210/V 25 V= L+ 210
L= 25 V&- 210
AVS 122 $ yl]l# E]l rl]l$ ry MS st ]l$$ = 17 = L+122/V
L= 17 V& 122
& ]l$_ 25 V& 210 = 17V &- 122
25 V& 17 V = 210 & 122
8 V= 88 V = 11 $/
V1
16
=
V2
9
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lV> = 4:3
]l*]l b
VS]l$MS: A ]l$_ BMS, B]l$_ AMS yl$ O$ JMS $$l>$]l$MS$. A yl$
V1/V2 = 4:3
V 16
1 =
9
V2
t1 t 2
t1 + t 2
VSr$
x+
2x
3
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x
5x / 3
b: a
x
3/ 2
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M>&l*&3
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990
20
= 99 MSG^l
2x
99
11x + 9x 20x
=
990
990
2x
2x
99
99
2x
= 99 MSG^l
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E: JMS ]lMS l]l M>$Z 60 MSG^l VSr$ lVS 2 VSrZ l]l B$MS$ ^l$MS$yl$.
W B$ ]l$_ 40 MSG^l VSr$ lVS $Z ]l^ayl$. Al Al VSr$ lVS
Gl?
]l*]l: "{*_]l l* =
VSr$ lVS M>' *{l {M> B$MS, CsMS ]l$l l* = 60 2 = 120 MS.$.
M>st B ]lMS {*_]l ll l* =
120 + 120 = 240 MS.$. _____ (I)
B $
VSr$ lVS = 99 MSG^l
= 2x
99 MSG^l
l$lyl&II
Ol>l, f$yl ]l$l l* = x MS.$. A]l$MS$s.. yl$ lZ $ {*_]l
ll l*
= x + x = 2x MS.$. _____ (I)
"M> = l*/lVS' *{l {M> $ Ol>l ]l$_ f$yl ^lyMS st
M> = x/90 VSr$. W f$yl ]l$_ Ol>lMS$ ^lyMS st M> =
x/110 VSr$
ll {* M> = x/90 + x/110
= 2
2
2
=
1
1
11 + 9
+
90 110
990
>lMS ]l$l]l$ =
>$ Q/>$ Z]l* ll
M>st VSr$ lVS =
240
5
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= 168 MSG^l
M>st B ]lMS VSr$ lVS = 168 MSG^l
E: JMS OMSt l]l$ {*^]l ll l*Z 50% l*> 50 MSG^l lVS,
30% l*> 30 MSG^l lVS, $W]l l*> 15 $Z {*, Alyl VSr$
lVS Gl?
]l*]l: l MZMS$y OMSt {*^]l ll l* = 100 MS.$.
A]l$MS$s... ____(I)
2100
12.5
= 1.5, 5, 4, 2 VSr$
ll {* M> =
1.5 + 5 + 4 + 2 = 12.5 VSr$ ____ (II)
(I), (II) ]l$_ VSr$ lVS =
= 48 MSG^l
B ]lMS
VSr$ lVS = 48 MSG^l
s: CMSPyl yl$ lZ ]lMS {*_]l l*>$ ]l*]l M>st VSr$ lVS = B*
lZ VSr$ lV> >lMS ]l$l]l$ A]l$M MS*y ^l^l$a.
E: JMS ]lMS lls 60 MS.$. l*> 40 MSG^l lVS M>$Z, l>l 400 MS.$.
l*> 80 MSG^l lVS O$Z, l>l 1600 MS.$. l*> 400 MSG^l lVS
]l*]lZ, _]l 40 MS.$. l*> 20 MSG^l lVS yl]lZ {*^yl$. Al
ll {*Z Al VSr$ lVS Gl?
]l*]l: l ]l$_ 4 lZ B ]lMS {*_]l ll l* =
60 + 400 + 1600 + 40 =
2100 MS.$. ____ (I)
"M> = l*/lVS' *{l {M> B ]lMS 4 lZ... M>$, O$, ]l*]l, yl]lZ ^l]l
{* M>$ ]l$V> =
VSr$
60 400 1600 40
,
,
,
40 80 400 20
ll {* M> =
2 + 3 = 5 VSr$ _____ (II)
(I), (II) ]l$_ VSr$ lVS =
120
=3
40
2700
= 270
10
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270 MS.$.
E:
JMS ]lMS lls 1/20 MS.$. l*> 9 MSG^l lVS 2]l, 3]l, 4]l 1/20 MS.$.
l*>]l$ ]l$V> 12, 18, 36 MSG^l lV> {*^yl$. Al ll l*> B
]lMS 18.75 MSG^l VSr$ lVS {*^yl]l 'A' l]l. 14.4 jMSG^l VSr$
d=
O MS
t VSr$ lVS = 44.44 MSG^l
100
= 44.44
2.25
4
36
= 4
= 14.4
4 + 3 + 2 +1
10
36
4
1 1 1
1
+ + +
9 12 18 36
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MS]l$MP]lyMS O]l VSMS Ml >lMS ]l$l]l$. M>st VSr$ lVS = 14.4 MSG^l
Al 'B' l]l O.
9 + 12 + 18 + 36 75
=
= 18.75
4
4
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Ol$i:
G) Ol$i = {*_]l l* / yl]l Cl]l
V> Ol$i {]l*$ -- KMPL As MSZ$r$/r$. JMS r$ Cl]l
B ]l G MSZ$r l*> {*$ Ol$i l$#l$. Ol$iMS
MSZ$r$/V>]l$ Ol$$/V>]l$ llO]l {]l*$ MS*y yl$$.
) {*_]l l*= Ol$i yl]l Cl]l
) yl]l Cl]l={*_]l l* / Ol$i
M>&l*&4
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45 5 = 225 km
y lZ l* = 40 5 = 200 km
]ly lZ l* = 555 = 275 km
ll l* = 225 + 200 + 275
= 700 km ..................(2)
Method - II
Method - I
VSr$ O l $i = 50 KMPL
case ii: l lZ yl]l Cl]l V> Es, B* lZ Ol$i AMS]l$l]l$l$
120
= 48 KMPL
5
2
2
=
1
1
3+2
+
40 60 120
Method - II
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yl]l Cl ]l =
{*_]l l*/ Ol$i
lls lZ A ]l$_ BMS {*^lyMS yl]l Cl]l = 120/40 = 3 r$.
l* Gl Al A{]l.
VSr$ O l $i
Method - I
E: JMS M>$ A ]l$_ BMS 40 KMPL Ol$i, W B ]l$_ AMS 60 KMPL Ol$i
{* ^l. A, B ]l$l l* 120MS.$. Il ll {*Z B M>$ VSr$
Ol$i Gl?
]l*]l:
case iii:
6d + 5d 11d
gallons ............(2)
=
120
120
d
d
+
20 24
2d
11d
120
= 2d
120 240
=
11d 11
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= 21.81 Miles/gallon
ll Cl ]l
= d/20 gallons
AVS 'B' ]l$_ 'A' MS {*^lyMS M>]l]l Cl]l
= d/24 gallons
]l* ^l*ylyl
A, B ]l$l l* = 'd' miles A]l$Myl.
A#yl$ ll l* = d + d = 2d miles ..........(1)
'A' ]l$_ 'B'MS {*^lyMS M>]l]l Cl]l = l*/Ol$i
120
= 21.81 Miles / gallon
11
2
2
=
1
1
6 +5
+
20 24 120
60+120+50= 230 km
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VSr$ Ol$i:
lls lZ *W_]l Cl]l
= {*_]l l*/ Ol$i
= 60/60 = 1 r$.
y lZ Cl ]l = 120/50 = 2.4 r$.
]ly lZ Cl ]l = 50/40 = 1.25 r$
= ]lyl$ lZ *W_]l ll Cl ]l = 1 + 2.4 + 1.25 = 4.65 r$ ......... (3)
ll l*/ll M>
= 230/4.5
= 51.11
ll {*Z M>$ VSr$ lVS = 51.11 KMPH.
................(2)
(1) & (2) ]l$_ VSr$ lVS =
1.5 40 = 60 km;
y lZ l* = 260 = 120 km;
]ly lZ l*= 150=50 km
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= ll l*/ ll Cl]l
1
=
t
1
t r$
t1 T
AVS
T=
k$
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t1 t 2 t 3
t1 t 2 + t 2 t 3 t 3 t 1
AVS t T k$
4)JMS A, B, C Al ]lVS$Y$ ]lMS$$ ]l$ V> t1, t2, t3 kZ N ^l$VSWl..
]lVS$Y $ MS B N ^l$yMS st M> (T):
t2 =
t t
T= 1 2
t1 + t 2 k$
B N ^l$yMS st M>
Alyl$ JMSPkZ ^l
M>&:
M>, MS _ ]lQV> 3 A>$ Es. A:
1) ^l ]l$]l$$$ ${$
2) ^l$yMS st M>: l$, k$, VSr$, $$ llO]l
3) ]l*
MS Gr$]ls {]l** ]l#. M>st V> rZ ^l^l$a.
1)JMS N JMS sV> VS $. JMS ]l$ JMS N ^l$yMS st M>
t k$. Al
M>&&1
t1 t 2 T
t1 t 2 t 2 T T t 1
k$
t1 T
t1 T
6 10 6
=
10 6
k$
60
= 15
4
t2 =
Al *{]l]l$_
t2 =
T = 6, t1 = 10
]l*]l
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E 2
k$
A, B$ Cl $ MS B
12 kZ N ^l $.
]l*]l:
20 30 600
=
= 12
20 + 30 50
T=
Al *{]l]l$_
t1 t 2
t1 + t 2
T=
t1 = 20, t2 = 30
]l*]l
E 1
t3 =
]l*]l:
t1 t 2 T
t1 t 2 t 2 T T t 1
15 6 3
15 6 6 3 3 15
n=
1
2
A]l#l$.
]l*]l
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E 4
JMSl VS A As
D {Z n = 2
n t1 t 2 T
t1 t 2 t 2 T T t 1
n As ^l$]l]l rZ
t3 =
= 10 k$
As CMS B (JMS s ) ^l$yMS st M> 10 k$.
t3 =
Al *{]l]l$_
t3 =
T = 3, t1 = 15, t2 = 6
]l*]l
N ^l$VSyl$?
G) 20 ) 5 ) 18yl) HM>l$
E 3
1
20
1
15
1
12
1
1
1 12 1
+ +
=
=
12 15 20 60 5
=
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(A + B + C) JMSPk
10
A, B, C ]lVS$Y$ MS B ^l$yMS 10 k$ yl$l$.
]l*]l: G
O ]lyls MS$V>
2(A + B + C) JMSPk
(C + A) JMSPk
(B + C) JMSPk
(A + B) JMSPk
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Al *{ A]l$_
M1 E1 D 1 M 2 E 2 D 2
=
W1
W2
BMS _:
W1=1, D2=?, M2=1, E2=150
AMS _:
W1=1, D1=12, M1=1, E1=100 A]l$M]l$]l.
]l*]l
M1 D1 = M 2 D 2
M1 D1 M 2 D 2
=
W1
W2
M1 E1 D 1 M 2 E 2 D 2
=
W1
W2
W1
, M1 ]lMS$$, JMPMSP$ E1 ]l$, D1 kZ ^l ; W2 , M2
M>&&2
16 12 12 D 2
=
100
150
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Al *{l {M> 12 12 = 16 D2
M1 D1 = M2 D2
$W]l MS _:
12 ]l$, 12 kZ ^l$.
12 + 4 = 16 ]l$ G kZ ^l $?
]l*]l
]l*]l: G
E 3: 12 ]l$ JMS 18 kZ ^l$. $ 6 k$ ^l]l l>l ]l$
]l$VS$$ Z ^l>$. Al $W]l G kZ N A]l#l$?
G) 6 ) 9 ) 10 yl) 8
D2 = 24
Al *{l {M>
M1 D1 M 2 D 2
=
W1
W2
W2 = 150, M2 = 12, D2 = ?
]l*]l
]l*]l:
E 2:16 ]l$ 100 fl rt]l$ 12 kZ MS$rtVS$. Al 12 ]l$ 150 fl
rt]l$ G kZ MS$rtVS$?
G) 24 ) 20 ) 18yl) 16
100 12 = 150 D2
D2 = 8
1 100 12 1 150 + D 2
=
1
1
14
12
1
12
1
9
=
50 10
]l*]l:
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9
1
ll 1 s M>s,t A ^l$V> $W]l = 1 =
10 10
= 45
]l*]l
]l*]l: yl
E 5:JMS A, B $ ]l$V> 50, 10 kZ ^l$VS$. A B { _]l
M k l>l B Z ^l>yl$. ll $l B 45 kZ N. Al B G
k$ -^l->-yl$?
G) 2 ) 3 ) 1 yl) 4
1 1
+
= 15 10
2
]l*]l
25
13
]l*]l:
E 4:
D2 = 9
1
10 ... (1)
1
12 ... (2)
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]l*]l: yl
E 2
^lyl$.
1 1
=
25 5
1 4 16
= =
5 5 20
ll $l B 16 k$ ^l>yl$. M>st $W]l B 16 & 5 = 11 kZ
= 1
5 kZ A ^l
A ^l$V> $W]l
= 5
& M>&3
E 1
JMS A, B$ ]l$V> 25, 20 kZ ^l$VS$. Cl$ MS
{_]l 5 k l>l A ]l*l>yl$. $W]l
B G kZ N ^l$VSyl$?
G) 16 ) 11 ) 9 yl) 15
]l*]l:
1 1
1
=
10 12 60
1
1
10 =
60
6
) 15
yl) 16
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25 50 50
2
=
= 16
25 + 50 3
3
]l*]l:
G) 20
2
16
) 3
E 4
16 25 = 20 D2
D2 = 20
]l*]l: G
E 3
1
30
1
20
1
1
1
=
20 30 60
t1 t 2
t 2 t1
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]l*]l: G
MSi E]l M>V> JMS JMS # sMS$]l$ 36 VSrZ #l$. MS$ A]l#l$]l $
#Z ]l$]l sZ VS. MSi ]lrl B # sMS$]l$ GlsZ #l$?
G) 18 VSr$ ) 24 VSr$
) 27 VSr$ yl) 30 VSr$
E 6
T=
B
$MS (A + B)
$MS A
=+
]l*]l:
E 5
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D2 = 18 VSr$
36 50 = D2 100
D>]l
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BVS$
lS
El
Ol$
]l
]ll$-V> MS$P- VS$_ ---. G-Oyl- --Z O V>- El- A,- MS -]l$
MS$P$, l*>$-&1
yl]l$
l*$
MS$ylOl#
Wl
l*-$
-l-S-
-yl-]l$-
-E-l-
ll-r
-$-$-l--]l
El-
l*$
lS-
yl-]l$-
l-S-
-l*-$
E-l-
--yl-]l$-
Wl
Gyl]l$Ol#
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O-VS-- l
O st-MS > ll-r El- -Z $-$-l--]l l>-l MS$yl-Ol-# -W-l l*$ -Z, Gyl-
MS$-.
D -- VS$$^l$-Myl.
900
$f
MS
~
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1. J-MS -]l-MS l*$ -Z 5 MS.$. {*-_, Gyl-]l$Ol# 10 MS.-$. {*-^-yl$. ]l$- Gyl-
M E---$
.-
-J-MS -M- {$-fZ MS-~ ]lY, $VS- yl$ $-g- ]l>Y- l--MS ]l*-]l.
$f
10 MS.$.
5 MS.$.
15 MS.$.
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2. MS- El- Ol# 10 MS.$. ]lyl-_ MS$yl-Ol-# 5 MS.-$. ]lyl-^-yl$. ]l$- Gyl-]l$-Ol-# 5 MS.$. ]lyl-_,
AE
= AD + DE
= 10 + 5 [AD = BC = 10 km]
= 15 km
8 MS.$.
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6 MS.$.
= 15 MS.$.
AF ]l$l l* = AG + GF
10 MS.$.
5 MS.$.
MS]l$MP.
5 MS.$.
5 MS.$.
10 MS.$.
10 MS.$.
5 MS.$.
6 $
8 $
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20 $
11 $
4. l l*$Ol# 6$. {*_, Gyl]l$ Ol# ]l$ 8$. {*_. l>l Gyl]l$Ol#
AC = 10 MS.$.
5
A
= CD = 6 MS.$.
= CE CD
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BC = EF = 8 $.
FG = EG EF
DE = AF = 5 MS.$.
DE = 5 MS.$.
= 11 6 = 5 MS.$.
AB
DE
O rZ AG l* MS]l$MP.
12
($-f)2
($-f)2
12
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l Ol$ Z 13 $. l*Z E.
AG = 13 $.
(MS~)2
l* l$$M]l^l$a.
AFG M {$fZ
FG = 12 $.
= 20 8 = 12 $.
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AF = AG + GF
=5+4=9
]l$]lMS$ M>]l]l l*
BC = AG = 5 km
20 $.
20 $.
Eyl$?
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AD = 5 km
= 4 2 + 32
= 16 + 9 = 25
(AD)2 = 25
2. >g El Ol# 10 MS.$. ]lyl_, AMSPyl ]l$_ lS Ol# 6 MS.$. ]lyl^yl$. AMSPyl ]l$_
l$$M]l^l$a.
M>st AE = 40 $ + 20 $. = 60 $.
M>st BC = AD = 40 $.
CD = 3 km
O r >
4 MS.$.
3 MS.$.
]l$]l MS]l$MP]l]l l* AE = AD + DE
20 $.
6 MS.$.
AC = AB BC = 10 6 = 4 km
40 $.
10
MS.$.
O r >
40 $.
MS$P$, l*>$&2
5'
20'
9'
12'
10'
6'
Eyl$?
30m
20m
R
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60m
80m
G$MS H Z {* _?
Gyl]l$Ol# W 5' ]lyl_. ]l$ Gyl]l$Ol# 12' ]lyl_ _]lV> 6' ]lyl_. _]lV>
3. JMS G$MS l*$Ol# 20' l, MS$ylOl# W 10' ]lyl_. ]l$ MS$ylOl# W 9' ]lyl_
20m
15m
15m
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30m
= 602 + 802
= 3600 + 6400
PQ = 90m
SR = UQ = 30 m
PU = PQ UQ = 90 30 = 60 m
ST = 100 m
QR = US = 20 m
TU = ST US = 100 20 = 80 m
PU = 60 m ; TU = 80 m
10 km
10 km
E
15 km
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5 km
AF = AG + GF
BC = AG = 30 cm
DE = GF = 15 m
AG = 30 m, GF = 15 m.
AF = 30 + 15 = 45 m.
]l$]lMS$ M>]l l*
Ol$
D>]l
11
10
9
8
7
5
1
2
3
4
lS
BVS$
l*$
12
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yl]l$
]l
El
12
1
11
2
10
9
3
8
4
7 6 5
]l
lS
i) O]l MS$P$
El
l*$
D>]l
El
BVS$
l*$
D>]l
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BVS$
ii) {Z C_a]l yls BV> MS$P$
lS
Ol$
yl]l$
Ol$
yl]l$
]l
l *_$?
lS
BVS$
l*$
D>]l
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y $
Ol$
yl]l$
]l
El
lls $
MS$P$& l*>$&3
MS$yl
Gyl]l$
lS
l*$
lS
Gyl]l$
MS$yl
El
l*$
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OVS l
]ly $
yl]l$
lS
MS$yl
Gyl]l$
El
yl]l$
El
Gyl]l$
MS$yl
8 MS.$.
D
12 MS.$. E
6 MS.$.
20 MS.$.
4 MS.$.
C 4 MS.$.
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11 MS.$.
6 MS.$.
M E]l$
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_sP
HOl JMS Q]l$ 25 VS$^ ]l_a]l yl$.. B Q]l$ 4 W^lyl > l
>rt]l^l.$a (25 VS$^lyl MS 4 W ^lyl ^ $$]l#) C W^lyl ]l Ml
VS ]l$. 0 V>, 1 V>, 2 V>, 3 V> ]l$.
25 MS.$.
31 MS.$.
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B 5 MS.$.
A
10 MS.$.
1. HM>l yl]l$ Ol# 5 MS.$. {*_, Gyl]l$ Ol# W 10 MS.$. {*^yl$. ]l$
Gyl]l$ Ol# W ]l$ 25 MS.$. {*_, _]lV> El Ol# 31 MS.$. {*^yl$.
Al Al]l$ { ]l$_ Gl l*Z Eyl$?
G) 29 MS.$. ) 290 $.
) 2900 $. yl) 29000 $.
]l$M E$ .
-MS$P-$-&l*>$&4
10 $.
10 $.
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20 $.
20 $.
AF = 841 = 29
= 25 & 5 = 20 MS.$.
EF l* = DF l* & ED l*
= 31 & 10 = 21 MS.$.
AE l* = 20 MS.$.
EF l* = 21 MS.$.
MS]l$MP.
r BV> Alyl$ D >]lZ E]lr$ l$$.
rZ A ]l$_ E ]l MS$, F ]lMS$ Q]l$ MSl AEF M {$f H yl$l$.
Cl$Z
MS~2 = $f2 + $f2
6
lS
3 l*$
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yl]l$ 9
El
12
3. ]l$$ V>Y 3:00 VSr$ A]lyl$ VSr ]l$ l*$ ]l$ ^l*, $ ]l$
H ]l$ *_$?
G) yl]l$ ) lS
) El
yl) l*$
]l*]l ()
5 $ - A
11 $
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D AO VSlZ ]l_a]l {
) ]l 10 $.
yl) O l $ 10 $.
14$
E
15MS.$
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8492 = 93412
E 1: 8492 11
HOl JMS Q]l$ 11 VS$^s, ]ll$V> C_a]l QZ JMSr ]lZ E]l AMS]l$
$V> >*. B l>l JMSr ]lZ AMS ll$st _]l AMS ]lMS$ {
MS ]ll$]l AMS]l$ MS*yl lZ >*.
ls _sP
5 MS.$
D
10 MS.$.
5 MS.$.
10 $.
B
20 $.
1 MS.$.
2 MS.$.
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60 $.
9 MS.$.
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= 5 + 10 ( AD = BC = 5 MS.$.)
= 15 MS.$.
MS l]l { ]l$_ yl]l$ Z 15 MS.$. l*Z Eyl$. M> C_a]l
$VS$ B]lZ {]l*$ MS.$.Z M>MS$y $rZ E. M>st 15 MS.$.]l$
AE = AD + DE
10 $.
MS$P$&l*>$&5
10 MS.$.
5 MS.$.
10 MS.$.
4 MS.$.
AF2
FE2
= 25
10 MS.$.
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!
Q
"R
lS
El
Ol
$]l
D
> ]l
$
BVS
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
lS
El
P
l*$
10 MS.$.
]l*]l: () 5 MS.$.
4. ]l$ l]l Cs ]l$_ 15 MS.$. El Ol# {*_, yl]l$ Z W 10 MS.$.
{*^yl$. ]l$ lS Ol# W 5 MS.$. {*_, _]lV> l*$ Z 10 MS.$.
{*^yl$. Cyl$ Al]l$ l]l Cs ]l$_ H Z Eyl$?
G) l*$) yl]l$
) Elyl) lS
AE = 5 MS.$.
$l l]l { ]l$_ 5 MS.$. l*Z E.
= 9 + 16
AE = 32 + 4 2
AF = 3 MS.$. FE = 4 MS.$.
AE = AF 2 + FE 2
= 1 + 2 = 3 MS.$.
( BF =CD =2 MS.$.)
AllV> FE = DE DF
= 9 & 5 = 4 MS.$.
( DF = BC = 5 MS.$.)
O rZ ]l$]lMS$ M>]l l*
+
O rZ AF = AB + BF
AE =
5 MS.$.
yl]l$
M {$fZ...
15 MS.$.
l*$
yl]l$
BVS$
r 2
D>]l
Ol$
]l$
yl
300 MS.$.
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
PQ = 500 MS.$.
P, QMS$ V>Y ]l$lZ R E.
R, Q ]l$l l* 500
= 250000
= 90000 + 160000
= 300 2 + 400 2
PQ = OP 2 + OQ 2
40 MS.$.
l*
$
lS
$]l
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1. JMS ]lMS yl]l$ Z 10 MS.$. {* _, MS$yl Ol# ]l$ 5 MS.$. {* ^yl$. ]l$ MS$yl
Ol# 19 MS.$. {*_ _]lV> lS Z 17 MS.$. {* ^yl$. Cyl$ Al]l$ l]l
{ ]l$_ Gl l*Z Eyl$?
G) 17 MS.$. ) 21 MS.$.
) 25 MS.$. yl) 29 MS.$.
]l*]l : ()
{$^lyl ^l*!
= 250 MS.$.
lS
El
S-E
N-E
BVS$
l*$
D>]l
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
S-W
N-W
Ol$
yl]l$
]l
MS$P$&l*>$&6
yl]l$
MS$yl
El
lS
Gyl]l$
El
lS
MS$yl
Gyl]l$
l*$
l*$
Gyl]l$
MS$yl
l*$
yl]l$
lS
El
El
lS
l*$
yl]l$
yl]l$
l*$
El
lS
Gyl]l$Ol#
Wl
3 cm
5 cm
C
AB 2 + BC 2
5
D
10
E
5
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M E$ :
1. JMS ]lMS l*$ Z 5 MS.$. l* {*_ MS$ylOl# W ]l$ 5 MS.$.
{*^yl$. ]l$ Gyl]l$Ol# 10 MS.$. {*_ _]lV> Gyl]l$Ol# ]l$ 5 MS.$.
{*^yl$. Cyl$ B ]lMS l]l { ]l$_ H Z Gl l*Z Eyl$?
B ]lMS {*_]l l*> r > ^l*...
4
c
m 7900
OVS l:
MS$PO ]l^la {Z M l>Z { ]l$_ l$ H JMS ]lZ
Er$. AMSPyl OVS *{l E*VSyl$l$.
""M {$fZ yl$ $g ]l>Y ll, MS~ ]l>YMS ]l*]l A]l#l$''.
MS$ylOl#
Wl
{*_]l
lS
Gyl]l$
yl]l$
MS$yl
El
r > ^l*.
= 15 MS.$.
16 MS.$.
6 MS.$.
B
5 MS.$.
MS.
$.
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l
B
6 MS.$.
10 MS.$.
C 3 MS.$. D
= 16 6 DE = BC = 6 km
AG = DF DE
.
(
) =10 MS.$
B ]lMS l]l { ]l$_ yl]l$ Z 10 MS.$. l*Z Eyl$.
{
MS.
$.
= 5 + 10 ( BE = CD = 10 km )
6 MS.$.
8 MS.$.
8 MS.$.
4 MS.$.
15 MS.$.
C
10 MS.$.
5 MS.$.
10 MS.$. B
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VSl {$
1. JMS ]lMS 4 MS.$. lS -MS$, l>l 8 MS.$. yl]l$ Ol#, l>l 6 MS.$. El>MS, l>l
8 MS.$. l*$ MS$, l>l 2 MS.$. lS Ol# {* ^l l]l$ { MS Gl
l*Z Esyl$?(g.G.&2004)
1) 8 MS.$. 2) 10 MS.$.
3) 12 MS.$. 4) 28 MS.$.
BlZ O]l ]l*]l C]ll$. MS O]l ]l*]l
B ]lMS { Zl Esyl$.
= 42 + 32 = 16 + 9 = 25
AD = AC 2 + CD 2
M>]l l*
CD = 3 MS.$.
20 MS.$.
10 MS.$.
5 MS.$.
B
5 MS.$.
30 MS.$.
30 MS.$.
70 MS.$.
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70 MS.$.
P, Q ]l$l l* = 10 MS.$.
5 MS.$.
A
10 MS.$.
5 MS.$.
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E:
l >gVS H k A]l$ZMS ]l_a?
]l*]l:
l >gVS A]l$ZMS ]l_a 26& 01&1950]l M>st D l H l* MS]l$MP.
{MS.. 01&01&01 ]l$_ O l ]lMS$ Eyl M>]l]l = 1949 ]ll>$ + 26 k$.
= 1900 ]ll>$ + 49 ]ll>$ + 26 k$ & (I)
1900 ]ll>MS$ $VS$$ k$ = 1
BO 49 ]ll>Z # ]ll>$ = 12
( 49 4 W ]l^la VS = 12)
49 ]ll>MS$ $VS$$ k$ = 49 + 12 = 61
26 kZ $VS$$ k$ = 5
( 26 7 W ]l^la = 5)
Cyl$ (I) Z ll $VS$$ k$
= 1 + 61 + 5
= 67
"67' "7' W ]l^la = 4
ll $VS$$ k$ = 4
"4' Al VS$$ Myl.
1950, f]l]l 26]l VS$$.
As l >gVS A]l$ZMS ]l_a VS$$.
E:
]lyl ^yl$. l>l Cl* Gyl]l$Ol# W JMS lVS 5 MS.$. ]lyl^$. Cyl$
A,B ]l$l l*l$l?
({VS*&I & 2003, MSVS)
1) 10 MS.$. 2) 5 MS.$.
3) 20 MS.$. 4) 30 MS.$.
]l*]l: 10 MS.$.
M>yl$
E:
D k Al "87' k l>l "87' kMS$ ]ll$ H ]l$]l#l$
MS]l$MPyl?
]l*]l:
"87' kZ $VS$$ $ = 3
( "87' "7' W ]l^la = 3)
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E:
2005, 2011 ]ll>MS$ JMS M>yl$ ]l$l *^lyl?
]l*]l:
2005, 2011 yl$ MS*y ]ll> & (I)
01&01&2005, 01&01&2011 ]l$l Eyl M>]l]l = 6 ]ll>$.
D 6 H Z 2008 # ]ll.
D6
]ll>Z $VS$$ k$
=6+1=7
"7' "7' W ]l^la = 0
01&01&2005, 01&01&2011 ]l$l Eyl $VS$$ k Q = 0.
As 01&01&2005]l, 01&01&2011]l JMS k A]l#l$ & (II)
(I), (II) ]l$_ 2005MS$, 2011MS$ JMS M>yl$ ]l$l ^l]l^l$a.
E:
1995 ]ll M>yl$ 2006MS$ MS*y l$l *^lyl?
(HG, l*yl , {VS*&1, &5)
]l*]l:
yl$ ]ll>MS$ JMS M>yl$ ]l^ s llr B yl$ ]ll>$ JMS MSOl$]l
]ll>$ (#/) A Ey. lZ 1995, 2006 yl$ MS*y
]ll>.
Cyl$ yl$ ]ll>Z f]l]l 1 JMS OgllB yl$ ]ll>MS$ JMS M>yl$
]l$.
As 01&01&1995, 01&01&2006 lZ JMS k M>. As O yl$ l ]l$l $VS$$
k Q "$' M>.
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E:
10&05&2009]l B Al
i) 10&5&2010
ii) 10&5&2008
iii) 10&5&2012
iv) 10&5&2006]l H$ k$ A]l#* MS]l$MPyl?
]l*]l:
i) 10&5&2009, 10&05&2010 ]l$l Eyl M> ]l]l = JMS ]ll
D M> ]l]l Z $VS$$ k$ = 1
B ]l$_ JMS k ]ll$MS$ l ]l$ ]l$.
10&05&2010]l ]l$.
ii) 10&05&2009, 10&05&2008 ]l$l Eyl M> ]l]l = JMS ]ll
$VS$ k$= 1
B ]l$_ JMS k l]lMSP l ]l$.
10&05&2008]l A]l#l$.
iii) 10&05&2009, 10&05&2012 ]l$l Eyl M> ]l]l = 3 ]ll>$.
D "3' ]ll>Z JMS # ]ll E. (2012, {]l 29)
$VS$$ k$ = 3 + 1 = 4
B ]l$_ 4 k$ ]ll$MS$ l VS$$ ]l$.
10&05&2012]l VS$$ A]l#l$.
iv) 10&05&2009, 10&05&2006 ]l$l Eyl M> ]l]l = 3 ]ll>$.
D "3' ]ll>Z JMS # ]ll E. (2008)
$VS$$ k$ = 3 + 1 = 4
B ]l$_ 4 k$ l]lMSP l "$l' ]l$.
10&05&2006]l "$l' A]l#l$.
P > 65 5
Case-I :
HOl JMS VSyl*Z yl$ ]l$$ JMS MS]l l>l ]l$ lrl MS]lyMS st
]l$$ P $$ A]l$MS$s...
JMS {]l*MS VSyl*Z VSr ]l$, $ ]l$ JMS MS]l l>l ]l$ lrl
MS]lyMS 65 511 $$ yl$ l$l]l * VS$$^l$M.
]l$* lyl
]l$* MZ]lyl
{]l*MS VSyl*
VSyl*>$
)$]l$ MZl$.
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
= 356/15 VSr$
As
356/15 VSrMS$ 24 VSr$ (1)
lls k El$ 5 VSr ]l$_ $V k >{ 10 VSr ]lMS$ M>]l]l = 24
+ 24 + 24 + 17 = 89 VSr$
Cyl$ lZ VSyl* {M> 89 VSr M>]l]l {]l*MS VSyl* {M>
Gl M>]l]lMS ]l*]ll* MS]l$MP.
As
89 VSrMS$ G VSr$ (2)
E$
B VSyl* P $Z 65 511 P
$]l$ MZl$.
O ]l*^> A S$~V> ^l A ^l$MS$s Gr$]ls ]l$Ol $ V>
^l]l^l$a.
l$l$l A.
P < 65 5
Case-II :
B VSyl* P $Z P 65 511
VSr$
1440
10
= 10
143
143
$$
$$
143
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$$ GMS$P]l ^l*$.
3. lVSV> $VS$l$]l JMS VSyl* ]l$ ]l$ 12 VSrMS$ yl$ $$ lMS$P]l
^l*. B l>l ]l$ ]l$ 2 VSrMS$ 4 $ 48 MS]l$ GMS$P]l
As D VSyl* JMSPkZ 10 10
5 1440
=
11 65
65
= 1440 $$
1440 $MS$ G $$ (2)
(1), (2) ]l$_ D VSyl* JMSP kZ l ]l$$
5 / 11
=
1440 $$
65
11
$]l$ l$l$.
65 $MS$ 5/11 $$ (1)
24 VSr$ = 24 60 $$
65 $Z 65
l$l$]lr$.
15
89 = 90
356
24
89
356 / 15
= 24
(R.R.B.-2001)
24 34
=
5
5
$$
48
4
=2 +4
60
5
170
170
2=
2 5 = 50
34 / 5
34
VSr$
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= 2+
=2+4
]l*]l:
]l$ ]l$ 12 VSr ]l$_ l>l ]l$ ]l$ 2 VSr ]lMS$
M>]l]l
= 7 k$ + 2 VSr$
= 7 24 + 2 VSr$
= 170 VSr$
D 170 VSrZ VSyl* ]l ]l$$ = 2 $ + 4 48 MS]l$
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E 1 :
Al, ]l]l, l Al ]lVS$Y$ ]l$$ JMS OZ
{*$$. AlMS$ ]l ]l*alZ MSMS
l]lr$ VS$$. ]l]lMS$ $ MSMSMS l]l k
y A VS$$. l#st]lk ]l]l 1]l l. B ]llZ l $l l]
M]lrl $ MSMSMS l]l l MS]l$MPyl?
]l*]l:
l {M> Al, ]l]l, l$ MSMS l ]l*a lZ y .
B ]llZ ]l]l 1]l $l.
llr ]l*a 1]l H A]l#l$ MS]l$MS$P.
]l*a 1 ]l$_ ]l]l 1 ]lMS$ VS M>]l]l
= ]l*a + H{ + l$ + l + kO + BVS $t + t + AMt l$
O M>]l]lZ $VS$$ k Q
=3+2+3+2+3+3+2+3
= 21
21 7 W ]l^la = 0
]l*a 1, ]l]l 1 ]l$l Eyl $VS$$ k Q = 0
As ]l*a 1]l MS*y $ll$ A]l#l$. ]l*a 4]l lls A]l#l$.
4 + 7 = 11]l y A]l#l$.
Al, ]l]l, l$ MSMSMS l ]l*a lZ 11]l l.
VS]l$MS:
O E ]l$_ ]l$]l MS * VS]l$^^l$a.
HOl JMS ]llZ ]l*a lZ JMS l, Al ]ll ]l]l lZ Al l
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E 2:
2003 M>yl W lrl H ]ll Z #]l>]ll]l$]l#l$?
]l*]l:
yl$ ]ll>MS* JMS M>yl ]l ^s
(i)
B yl$ ]ll>* JMS MSOl$]l M>.
(ii) B yl$ ]ll>Z f]l]l 1 JMS k M>.
]ll, # ]ll>Z $VS$$ k Q ]l$V> 1, 2 A l$$.
Cyl$ 2003 ]ll ]l$_ $VS$$ k]l$ ]l$V> >.....
]ll $VS$$ $
2003
1
2004
2
2005
1
2006
1
2007
1
2008
2
2009
1
2010
1
2011
1
2012
2
2013
1
ll $VS$$ $ = 14
14 7 W ]l^la = 0. As ll $VS$$ k$ = 0.
2013 MSs ]ll$, H ]ll ]lMS$ MS*y ll $VS$$ k Q $ M>l$.
2003, f]l]l 1, 2014 f]l]l 1 l ]l$l Eyl $VS$$ Q = 0.
As D yl$ l$ JMS k A]l#.
AVS 2003, 2014 yl* MS*y ]ll>.
2003 M>yl W lrl 2014Z #]l>]ll]l$]l#l$.
yl* JMSk A]l#. Gl$MSs ]l*a 1 ]l$_ ]l]l 1MS ]l$l VS $VS$$ k
Q $ M>st.
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E 3:
HOl JMS # _]l k H$ >$ M>]lyMS A]lM> E MS]l$MPyl?
]l*]l:
HOl JMS # _]l k As
31&12&100, 31&12&200, 31&12&300 &&& llO]l l$ A]l]l*r.
01&01&01 ]l$_ 31&12&100 ]lMS$ Eyl M>]l]l = 100 ]ll>$.
E 2:
2005 M>yl W lrl H ]llZ #]l>]ll]l$]l#l$.
]l*]l:
]ll, # ]ll>Z $VS$$ k Q ]l$V> 1, 2 A ]l$]lMS$
l$$.
Cyl$ 2005 ]l$_ ]l$V> $VS$$ k]l$ >....
]ll $VS$$ k$
2005
1
2006
1
2007
1
2008 2(# ]ll)
2009
1
2010
1
ll $VS$$ k$ = 7
=0
( 7]l$ 7 W ]l^la = 0)
2010 MSs ]ll$ H ]ll ]lMS$ MS*y $VS$$ k Q $ M>l$.
2005, f]l]l 1; 2011, f]l]l 1 l ]l$l Eyl $VS$$ k
Q $ A]l#l$.
As 01&01&2005, 01&01&2011 l$ JMS k ]l$. 2005, 2011 yl* MS*y
]ll>.
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24 2 + 76 1 = 124 = 5
8
11
$yl$ yl$
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Cl$MS$ st ]l$$ =
= 105
2]l l:
$ ]l$ VSr ]l$]l$ s]l l>l :& yl$ ]l$ ]l$l 45 M Eys
VSr ]l$ MSs $ ]l$ GMS$P]l ^l*]l M = 60 + 45
$$
2 VSr
8
11
2 15 30
=
11
11
=2
11
Cl$MS$ st ]l$$,
2 $$
T=
60 45 = 15
JMS VSr VS = 30
yl$ VSryl$ yl$ ]l$ ]l$l M = 2 30 = 60
2, 3 VSr ]l$l yl$ ]l$ ]l$l yl$ l>Z 45 M Er$.
1]l l:
$ ]l$ VSr ]l$]l$ rMS ]ll$ :& yl$ ]l$ ]l$l 45 M Eys
VSr ]l$ MSs $ ]l$ GMS$P]l ^l*]l M () =
E 4:
JMS {]l*MS VSyl*Z 2, 3 VSr ]l$l H$ ]l$*Z yl$ ]l$ ]l$l 45
M Er$.
]l*]l:
2 VSryl$ VSyl*
1
11
19
1
11
$$
2 VSr
= 19
2 105 210
=
11
11
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$yl$ yl$
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
C, D, A, F, B, E
sV Agl$s
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
F, C, E, D, A, B
F, D, E, C, A, B
B, A, C, E, D, F
B, A, D, E, C, F
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
E:
MS, , f, MS Al ]l$VS$$ Ol l$ $; ]l, ]l>, ]lMS$l, ]l$]l$l Al ]l$-
'L'MS$ Gyl]l$ O l
# 'P' MS*$asyl$.
M> lZ 4 ]l$_ 'N'MS$ MS$yl MSP]l 'P' MS*a M>st $ MS*al ]l$ D
lV> Er$.
]l$]l$l
MS
]l
MS
]l$]l$l
]l
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
ii
MS
MS
MS
MS
VS$-$ Cf---$ JMS ^l$r*t MS*$a $. H Cl$ Oll$* JMS MSP]l JMS$ MS*a l$.
MS, MSMS$ yl$ $ MS$ylOl#, ]l$]l$lMS$ MSPV> MS*a. ]l$]l$l ]lMS yl$
$ MS$ylOl# E. ]l-- MSMS$ MSP]l Eyl$. ]l> ]lyl$ $ MS$ Gyl]l$
Ol# Es, ]l> H Cl ]l$l MS*ayl$?
]l*]l:
H Cl$ Oll$$ JMS MSP]l JMS$ MS*al$ As yMSt$, Cf$ JMS l>l JMS$
MS*a. l ]l$_ MS, MS$ D lV> MS*$as$.
]lMS$l
]l>
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
N, R, M, L, J, O, Q, P, K.
]l$lZ MS*$a]l 'J', CMMS _]l MS*$a]l 'N'.
J, O, , , K.
'O', 'P' ]l$l 'Q' MS*$asyl$ M>st $ MS*$al ]l$
J, O, Q, P, K A]l#l$ (2)
(1) & (2) ]l$_ $W]l JMSP R l] Z 'R' ]l$ MS*ayll ll $ ]l$
VS]l$MS:
D { {VS*&I, 2008Z AylV>$. M> SZ ]l$]l$l ]lMS yl$ $ Gyl]l$Ol#]l
E A C^a$. B lV> $MS$s l Al A]l#l$. M>st ]l$]l$l ]l
MS yl$ $ MS$yl Ol#]l E A {Z ]l*$ ^l$MS$.
E:
J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R Al $ ]l$ ]lMS$$ JMS _ $l MS*$a {MSMSs
]l*^l ^l*$$. 'L' Al ]lMS 'M'MS$ MS$yl MSP]l, 'N'MS$ MS$ylOl#]l ]ly ]lZ MS*$a
yl$. 'K' Al ]lMS JMS _]l MS*$ayl$. 'O', 'P' ]l$l 'Q' MS*$ayl$. 'K'MS$ Gyl]l$
Ol# ]ly ]lZ 'O' MS*$ayl$. 'O'MS MS$yl MSP]l 'J' MS*$ayl$. Al ]l$lZ
MS*$a]ll]l$? C-M _]l MS*$a]ll]l$?
]l*]l:
l ]l$_ L, M, N$ MS*$a]l ]l$ N, , M, L. A]l#l$ (1)
AVS 'O', 'J', 'K'$ MS*$al ]l$ D lV> Er$.
MS
]l
]l$]l$l
MS
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
{]l Q$
HOl JMS QMS$ 1, Al Q l Cl M>M>$ MS$s s { ]l Q$
As$.
l1 {]lQ M>l$
l2 lls {]l Q
lQ A]l HOMSMS {]l Q "2'.
l100 Z# 25 { ]l Q$, 100MS$, 200MS$ ]l$l 20 { ]l Q$ E-.
l{VS* 2 S >$l] { A MS ]llZ# E]l { ]l Q]l$ VS$^l VSV>.
100 Z# VS { ]l Q$:
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89,
97.
Q$
2 V> W^l Q ]l$ Q$ As $.()
HOl JMS QZ JMSr l] Z 0, 2, 4, 6, 8Z HJMSs Es A Q A]l#l$.
E: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12,
N~Q$
f Q r$ $, $ Q]l$ MSW E]l Q]l$ N~Q$ As$.
Z *_$.
W = {0, 1, 2, 3, .........}
N>~M>$
f Q r$ $ MS*y MS E]l Q]l$ N>~M>$ As$.
W *_$.
N = {1, 2, 3, ........}
]l &1
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
E$
Q$
2 V> W^l Q]l$ Q$ As$. ()
HOl JMS QZ JMSr l] Z 1, 3, 5, 7, 9Z HJMSs Es A Q
A]l#l$.
E: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, .........
]lY Q$
HOl JMS Q]l$ Al Q VS$ ]l^la ]lYQ As$. $$ MS 35
]lMS$ ]l>Y$ l$aMyl. C ]l r$ ]l Gi, M>MSlZ MS*y
E*VSyl.
35 ]lMS$ ]l>Y$
12 & 1
22 & 4
32 & 9
42 & 16
52 & 25
62 & 36
72 & 49
82 & 64
92 & 81
102 & 100
112 & 121
122 & 144
132 & 169
142 & 196
152 & 225
182 & 324
172 & 289
162 & 256
192 & 361
202 & 400
212 & 441
222 & 484
232 & 529
242 & 576
252 & 625
262 & 676
272 & 729
282 & 784
292 & 841
302 & 900
312 & 961
322 & 1024
332 & 1089
342 & 1156 352 & 1225
$]l Q$
1 ]l$_ 11 ]lMS$ $]lQ$ l$aMS$s A , Gi, M>MSlZ
E*VSyl.
13 & 1 23 & 8 33 & 27
43 & 64 53 & 125
63 & 216
73 & 343
83 & 512 93 & 729
103 & 1000 113 & 1331
O]l ^lMS$]l {l$M>> r$ _]l _]l MS*ylMS$, ll$, VS$M>>$,
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E$
73 + 6 = 79
79 ]l*]l A]l#l$.
2. {MS]l$V> VSyl, ]l {MS]l$V> VSyl
{MS]l$V> $VS$l$. r$ ]l MS*y {MS]l$V> $VS$l$. D
]l H Z, H lV> $VS$l$ l$$M B l>l Q]l$ _]l QMS$
MS.
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
E$
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
, ]l {MS]l$V> lVSYyl..
]l*]l: 73, 69
2. 42, 39, 36, 33, 30, ........
D Z { Q ]ll$ Q MSs "3' lVS$Yl * E.
30 & 3 = 27
]l*]l: 27
l &2
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
565 6 + 6 = 3396
Q 3396.
Z l>l ]l^la
21+1=3
32+2=8
8 3 + 3 = 27
27 4 + 4 = 112
112 5 + 5 = 565
8. 2, 3, 8, 27, 112,565,...
D Z MS*y VS$M> l El l $. M> lls Q "2']l$ "1' M>
"2' M> VS$_]l sMS MSP]l$]l "3' ]l yl l$. D VS$M>
r$ MS]l (MS*ylMS) l MS*y E. O ]l$ MS lV> ^l]l^l$a.
240 6 = 1440
Q 1440.
Z l>l ]l^la
VS$M> l VSyl
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
{VS* ..
......
ii) 7, 10, 13, 16, .....
i) 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, ......
ii) 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, .....
Btlsl
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
_sP
8 32 = 256
]l*]l: 256
Al lV>
12=2;22=4;
2 4 = 8 ; 4 8 = 32
M Q-$ $]l-..
5 6= 30
]l*]l: 30
Al lV>
20 10 = 200
10 5 = 50
8 + 13 = 21
]l*]l: 21
13. 20, 10, 200, 10, 5, 50, 5, 6, ........
O Z { ]lyl$ ]l$ JMS {VS* V> E. { ]ly Q ]l l$]l
yl$ Q MS ]l*]l.
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
5637 5 = 28185
56370
= 28185
2
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
]l &3
27, ....
10 8 6 4
{MS]l$V> $VS$l$. M> ]l {MS]l$V> lVS$Yl $. 10, 8, 6, 4 l>l 2
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
10 9 8 7
{MS]l$V> $VS$l$. M> ]l {MS]l$V> 10, 9, 8, 7 ^]l lVS$Yl $. B
l>l 6 >.
M>]l
Q = 39 + 6 = 45
]l*]l 45.
10. 12, 22, 30, 36, 40, ....
3 6 9 12
{MS]l$V> $VS$l$. ]l MS*y 3, 6, 9, 12 (3 VS$g$) ^]l
$VS$l$. B l>l 15 V>.
M>]l
Q = 35 + 15 = 50
]l*]l 50.
2 3 5 7
{MS]l$V> $VS$l$. ]l MS*y 2, 3, 5, 7 ^]l $VS$l$. V>
2, 3, 5, 7 Al Q yl 27MS$ "9' MS "36' A ]l*]l VS$ $. C
l . 2, 3, 5, 7 Z "2' Al Q M>l$. lV> C { ]l Q
l$$. "7' l>l { ]l Q 11. M>st _]l QMS$ 11 MS.
M>]l
Q = 27 + 11 = 38
]l*]l 38.
8. 5, 8, 14, 23, 35,...
]l*]l 38.
7. 10, 12, 15, 20,
2 4 6 8
{MS]l$V> $VS$l$. ]l MS*y 2, 4, 6, 8 ^]l $VS$l$. B l>l 10
V>.
M>]l
Q = 28 + 10 = 38
1 23 4 5
{MS]l$V> $VS$l$. ]l MS*y 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ^]l $VS$l$. B l>l
6 V>.
M>]l
Q = 17 + 6 = 23
]l*]l 23.
6. 2,10, 14,20,28, ....
29 + 4 = 33
]l*]l 33.
6785 5
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
6785 5 = 33925
2.
69548 5
67850
= 33925
2
1.
E$
ls _sP
17 13 11
{MS]l$V> $VS$l$. ]l {MS]l$V> 17, 13, 11 ^]l lVS$Y l$. 17, 13,
11$ {]l Q$. l>l ]l^la {]l Q 7.
M>]l
Q = 71 + 7 = 78
]l*]l 78.
16 12 8
{MS]l$V> $VS$l$. M> ]l {MS]l$V> 16, 12, 8 ^]l lVS$Yl$. l>l 4
>.
M>]l
Q = 42 + 4 = 46
]l*]l 46.
12. 30, 47, 60, 71, ...
>.
M>]l
Q = 40 + 2 = 42
]l*]l 42.
11. 6, 22, 34, 42, ....
]lr$. BO
10
=5
M>st 5 VS$ H ]l*]l ]l$ 10 VS$_, 2
2
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
W_ Al ]l*]l ]l$.
"2' W$.
VS]l$MS
69548 5 = 347740
695480
= 347740
2
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
4 4
4
{MS]l$V> lVS$Yl$. ]l V> (4) E. l>l 4 lV>Y.
3 3 3
3
{MS]l$V> lVS$Yl$. ]l V>(3) E. l>l 3 lV>Y.
M>]l Q = 52 & 3 = 49
]l*]l: 43
14. 59, 55, 51, 47, ...
Q ]l${MS]l$
]l &4
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
12 9
6
{MS]l$V> lVS$Yl $. ]l MS*y {MS]l$V> 12, 9, 6 (3 VS$g$) ^]l
10 8
6 4
{MS]l$V> lVS$Yl$. ]l MS*y {MS]l$V> 10, 8, 6, 4 ^]l lVS$Yl$. l>l
2 >.
M>]l Q = 62 & 2 = 60
]l*]l: 60
18. 80, 68, 59, 53, ....
17.
2
4
6 8
{MS]l$V> lVS$Yl $. M> ]l {MS]l$V> 2, 4, 6, 8 ^]l $VS$l$. l>l
10 >.
M>]l Q = 80 & 10 = 70
]l*]l: 70
1 2 3
4
{MS]l$V> lVS$Yl $. M> ]l {MS]l$V> 1, 2, 3, 4 ^]l $VS$l$. l>l 5
>.
M>]l Q = 81 & 5 = 76
]l*]l: 76
16. 100, 98, 94, 88, 80, ...
M>]l Q = 47 & 4 = 43
]l*]l: 43
16,
2+1 3+1
5,
4+1
65, .....
71
]l*]l: 945
105 9 = 945
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
31 51
]l*]l: 14010
= 14010
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
2,
3 5
1+1
1,
21.
]l*]l: 1440
20. 1, 1, 3, 15, 105, ...
240 6 = 1440
19.
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
Btlsl
]l &5
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
{VS*
AllV>
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
Cl {$
]l*]l: 10
20 5 = 100; 20 5 = 4
30 5 = 150; 30 5 = 6
40 4 = 160; 40 4 = 10
]l*]l: 16
6. 20,5,100,4,30,5,150,6,40,4,160, ...
D Z { $VS$ Q$ JMS {VS*#V> E$$. Cl$Z { {VS*#Z l$$ls
yl$ Q ]ly QV>, l$$ls Q]l$ y Q W ]l_a]l
VS $V QV> ]l_a.
6 + 10
10 + 20
= 8;
= 15
2
2
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
# A s SZ lMS$y MS JMS {
]l &6
6 6 6
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
6 6
sMS M E$
1 (G) {MS]l$V> VSyl, ]l V> Eylr:
1. 3, 7, 11, 15, 19,
4 4 4 4
O Z H yl$ Q ]l$l ]l ^l* "4' E. As { lZ "4'
^]l $VS$l$. l>l MS*y 4 V>.
f$:
19 + 4 = 23 >.
2. 7, 13, 19, 25, 31, 37,
Cyl$ JMPMSP
1. {MS]l$V> VSyl:
Z Q$ {MS]l$V> $VS$l* Es. s ]l$l ]l BV> ]l$
]lyl$ M>$V> ]lYMS^l$M]l^l$a.
A...
G) {MS]l$V> VSyl, ]l V> Eylr
) {MS]l$V> VSyl, ]l VSyl
) {MS]l$V> VSyl, ]l lVSYyl
lVSV> VSyl
lVSV> lVSYyl
Btlsl
{VS*
R]l*]l
Cl {$
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
6 8 10
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
2 4
2. {MS]l$V> lVSYyl:
Z Q$ {MS]l$V> lVS$Yl* Es. s ]l$l ]l BV> ]l$
]lyl$ M>$V> ]lYMS^l]l^l$a. A...
G) {MS]l$V> lVSYyl, ]l V> Eylr
) {MS]l$V> lVSYyl, ]l VSyl
) {MS]l$V> lVSYyl, ]l lVSYyl
2 (G) {MS]l$V> lVSYyl, ]l V> Eylr:
8. 90, 86, 82, 78, 74, 70,
4 4 4 4 4
O {MS]l$V> lVS$Yl $. ]l H yl$ Q ]l$l ^l* "4' ( V>) E.
l>l MS*y "4' lV>Y.
f$:
70 4 = 66
9. 100, 94, 88, 82, 76, 70,
6 6 6 6 6
O {MS]l$V> lVS$Yl $. ]l H yl$ Q ]l$l ^l* "6' ( V>) E.
l>l MS*y "6' lV>Y.
f$:
70 6 = 64
2 () {MS]l$V> lVSYyl, ]l VSyl:
10. 100, 98, 94, 88, 80, 70,
l$.
M>st C Q ]l${MS]l$ M>l$. C {]l Q$. {MS]l$V> lVS$Yl* ]l^a.
11 l>l ]l^la { ]l Q "7'.
f$:
65 + 7 = 72
2 3 5 7
16
12 8
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
11 7 5 3
O {MS]l$V> lWY. ]l MS*y {MS]l$V> 20, 16, 12, 8 ^]l lWY. l>l "4'
>.
f$:
144 4 = 140
14. 90, 79, 72, 67, 64,
20
10 8
70 12 = 58
11. 80, 77, 72, 65, 56,
3 5 7 9
O {MS]l$V> lVS$Yl $. M> ]l 3, 5, 7, 9 ^]l W. l>l 11 >.
f$:
56 11 = 45
2 () {MS]l$V> lVSYyl, ]l lVSYyl:
12. 110, 100, 92, 86, 82,
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
A EJ O T Y
1
5 10 15 20 25
Ey.
Z ]l$_ A ]lMS$ ]l Bz Z s l] $]l$ (Z1, Y2, X3, .... B25,
A26) l Ey.
A ]l$_ Z ]lMS$ ]l hl r (As A MS$ Z, B MS$ Y.......) l Ey.
s r$ ]l O N~ A]lV>]l Ey.
O A>]l$ ^lMSPV> {MSt ^l r lV> ^l$VS$VS$.
]ll$V> A ]l$_ Z ]lMS$ ]l $]l]l$ . D ]l $]l]l$ strtyl
> l {*f]l Eyll$. lV> ]l$a$ A]lM> E. A M>MS$y MSl C_a]l
]l $]l]l$ VS$$^l$M.
A ]l$_
r O r$t ^s..
r &1
W, V, T, S, Q, P, N, M, ,
(I 1996)
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
G) I, J ) J, I
) J, K yl) K, J
D AS>]l$ s l] $]l {M> >. ..... 23, 22, 20, 19, 17, 16, 14, 13, ,
Al ]l
Hyl. D {MS]l$V> 1, 2, 1, 2, ...... ^]l lVS$Yl $.
3.
E$
1. N, P, R, T, V,
O Z { AS l>l JMS AS $]l* l>l AS>$ E. N l>l
'O' $]l_ 'P' ]l$. Al lV> 'V' l>l 'W' $]l_ 'X' >.
]l*]l 'X'
2. A, E, I, , U
Cl$Z CWZ A^l$a$ ]l$V> E. ]l$l RZ 'O' >.
]l*]l 'O'
]l BzZ
Q l] $]l = 27 17 = 10
T l] $]l = 27 20 = 7
s r$ AS> ]l hl r l Ey. MS ]ll$V> AS ]l
hl ]l l$$M, B ]l $]l VS AS> MS]l$MP. Cl B AS ]l
hl r A]l#l$.
EMS$ 'R' ]l hl r M>s R ]l hl r MS]l$MP. R
]l hl r = 27 18 = 9. 9]l AS I. M>st R ]l hl r I. 'R'
]l hl r 'I' Al 'I' ]l hl r 'R' A]l#l$.
D r Z AS> ]l$l ]l V> Es OylMStV> ]l*]l VS$^l]l^l$a.
M> AS> ]l$l ]l GMS$P]lV> E]lyl$, B AS> ]l $ ]l$ >*. A JMS
]l A]l# l$. BV> _]l ]l^la ]l MS]l$MP ]l $]l]l$ st
M>]l AS> MS]l$MP.
(Gyl$s B 2008)
( 1996)
( 1997)
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
) XZY
G) XYZ
) YXZ
yl) YZX
O Z { ]lZ ]lyl$ AS>$ E. s l] $]l {M> >
16, 15, 17 ; 19, 18, 20 ; 22, 21, 23,
O ]l Z D {VS*#Z lls Q 3 ^]l W. l>l 22 + 3 = 25
6.
V>. As 6 + 4 = 10 >.
y Q$ 26, 24, 21$ ]l$V> 2, 3 ^]l lV>Y. l>l "4' lV>Y. As 21
4 = 17 >.
As l>l RZ ]l$V> 10]l, 17]l AS>O ]l JQ$ >.
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G) JQ
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yl) IV
D Z AS>]l$ s l] $]l {M> >
5.
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G) O, K
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yl) M, N
O Z AS>$ ]l Bz Z JMSs ]l ]l$MSs ]l^a. M>st l>l P, N$
>.
]l*]l (c) P, N
13 2 = 11
11 1 = 10
11]l AS K; 10]l AS J
]l*]l K, J
4. Z, X, V, T, R, ,
(l VShsyl 2005)
(VShsyl 2006)
1.
{MSt s
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
11 (K) + 5 = 16
16]l AS 'P'
]l*]l 'P'
G) P ) Q ) R yl) S
O {MS]l$V> 5 $ ]ll$MS$ fW.
9. A, F, K,
(G.C.C. 2008)
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O 2, 1, 0, 2, 1, 0, ........ ^]l $VS$l$. Cyl$ 2 V> 16 + 2 = 18]l
AS 'R' >.
]l*]l 'R'
8. G, I, J, J, L, M, M, O, P, P,
G) P ) K ) R yl) Z
AS>]l$ ]l $]l {M> >
7. B, I, P, W, D, K,
25 1 = 24 ; 24 + 2 = 26
C M D O
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yl) PSV
A, D, H, M, ,
D, J, P, V, B, H,
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7
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({VS*&1 1991)
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
1 2
5 6
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C, G, L, R,
G) U ) S ) Y yl) Z
6. MN, LO, KP,
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2.
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1.
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
_bc_bca_ _a_cab_ab_
M E$
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
5.
Pa_cQab_Rab_S_ _C
a) bcab b) bccba
c) bcacb d) bccab
O {]l$ VS]l$ abc ]lylS>$ $]l*$ #]l>]ll M>]lr r$ { abc
]ll$ ]l$V> Capital letters P Q R S$ ]l^a$ l$$.
Pabc / Qabc / Rabc / Sabc
]l*]l: (d) bccab
6.
a_cdaab_cc_daa_bbb_ccddd
4.
b_ _d bac_ _acd _ac_ ba_ _
a) acdbdcd b) acdbbacd
c) acdbbdcd
d) adcbbdcd
yl$ AS>]l$ JMS VSV> F^l$M. B lV> ^l]l l>l { {VS*Z l$$ls
r &2
a) aabbcc b) aabcbcc
c) aabcbc d) aacbbcc
b) bddca
d) bbdac
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
1.
abc_d_bc_d_b_cda
a) bacde b) cdabe
c) dacab d) decdb
abcdd / abccd / abbcd / a
]l*]l: (c) dacab.
2.
ba_b_aab_a_b
a) abaa b) abba
c) baab d) babb
baab / baab / baab
]l*]l: (b) abba.
3.
gfe_ig _eii_fei_gf_ii
VSlZ ]l_a]l {$
8.
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a) abc b) bca
c) cab d) cba
7.
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a) bababa b) bbabbb
c) ababaa d) aaaabb
O Z babb AS>$ $]l*$ #]l>]llOl$.
babb / babb / babb / babb / ba
a) bdbda
c) dbbca
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
a) eifgi b) figie
c) ifgie d) ifige
gfeii / gfeii / gfeii / gfeii
]l*]l: (c) ifgie
4.
mnonopq opqrs _ _ _ _ _
a) mnopq b) oqrst
c) pqrst d) qrstu
mno / nopq / opqrs / pqrst
]l*]l: (c) pqrst
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
(Consonants).
]lMS A>$
BVS AS>$&26. sZ A, E, I, O, U Al 5 AS>$
A^l$a$ (Vowels), $W]l 21AS>$ $$
r &3
+3
G
+3
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+3
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D
+3
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+4
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+6
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+2
S
2
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2
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2
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]l*]l: RSH
E: NLK, JHG, , BZY.
+2
P
+2
R
+2
M
+2
+2
H
4
D
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4
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4
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5
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6
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5
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6
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5
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6
V
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+2
G
S
+2
U
+2
D
+2
F
+2
H
+2 +2
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
+2
R
+2
T
+2
+2
+2
]l*]l:
D {]l$ O yl$ {$ _]l l V> B* AS> {MS]l$ Q ]l$l $ VS$_
^l]l^l$a. ()
]l$ Z lls, ]ly AS>$ A, B, C, D, , , G, H ]l$V> E.
M>st RZ E, F$ >. AVS y, ZY AS>]l$ ]lMS Z VS]l$...
S, T, , , W, X, Y, Z$ MS*y ]l$V> E. M>st R Z U, V$ ]l.
M>st ]l*]l: EVFU
E: NAOB, PCQD, , TGUH
({VS*&1,l$l 2008)
]l*]l: D {O {sl. O {]l$ _]l lV> ^^l$a B*
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]l*]l: ECB
E: AZBY, CXDW, , GTHS
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J
4
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+5 +2
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+3
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M
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+3
L
+3
O
+3
R
+3
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+3
R
+3
U
+3
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
]l*]l: HLPL
E: A, B, D, H,
H
+4
L
+4
P
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T
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+3
H
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E: BDFH, EHKJ, , KPUN, NTZP
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M>st l>l AS
+1
+1
+1
+1
A
B, E
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www.facebook.com/shekharmine
+1
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i) I, J, K, L
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E: MS sZ ]lOl$l?
({VS*&I {l$, 2003)
G) DGJM ) TWZ
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]l*]l: MNOP
lls AS>$.
]l*]l: S
E: S, M, T, W, T, , S
]l*]l: D AS> Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday,
Firday, SaturdayZ lls AS>$.
]l*]l: F
E: J, F, M, A, M, , J.
]l*]l: D AS> January, February, March, April, May, June, July
Z lls AS>$.
]l*]l: J
E: A, CD, GHI, , UVWXY
]l*]l: N
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]l*]l: D AS> One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, Seven Al Z
M>st ]l*]l
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]l*]l: V
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3. ^O l : l : : V>l : ........
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l> l$ ; Ml $
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www.facebook.com/shekharmine
$ & El]l$
$ & $ yl ]l$]l#$
G) M> ) l*
]l*]l "'
$ & ^l
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]lr$ s ^l$
yl) A
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(Time Sequence)
yl) Eyl$ :
]l*]l "'
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sVS$_ l$$M
G) l l] ) $_
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{MS:
MS$r$:
]lz Ai
]lz Ai&2
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{]l*$ (Units)
({VS*&1 1983&84)
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11.
Eyl$ : u> : : yMSt : ___
G) Oll ) C$
) r yl) ]l$l$$
]l*]l : ()
Eyl$ ^l u>. Al lV> yMSt ^l r
$&$ ^l :
10.
yMSt : PlP : : Ol$ : _____
G) ]l]l$ ) r$
) ]l yl) VS
]l*]l : (yl)
yMSt yl ]l$]l# PlP. Al lV> Ol$ yl ]l$]l# VS.
$&$ yl ]l$]l#$:
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4. JMS yMSt MS]l V> ]l$^l $yl. Al JMS AM>/ lMS {$$?
({VS*&1 2007)
a) Tea : Beverage
b) Bread : Jam
c) Snuff : Inhale
d) Cloths : Beauty
$ l$g?
({VS*&1 2008)
1.
Engagement : Marriage : : ____ : _____ ({VS*&1 2008 {l$)
a) Talk : Exaggeration
b) Success : Failure
c) Explosion : Destruction
d) Boy : Man
({VS*&1 2008)
2.
Good : Excellent : : _____ : _____
a) Hill : Mountain
b) Bad : Immoral
c) Jealousy : Respect
d) Caution : Careless
3.
Liquor : Drink Al
l JMS MSO l $]l , MS flZ, H
]l* {$
]lz AiZ >]lyMS A]lM> E]l {$, VSlZ ]l_a]l {]l$ ^. ]lz
Ai As Cs ]lMS$ ^l MS$]l A> M>]l#. f]l yt l Z VS H A ]l$O^l ]lz
AiZ { >]l^l$a.
12.
l j : ^M>P : : ^ll : _____
G) ]l$ ) M>Wl
) ]l]l yl) O]l
]l*]l : ()
lj ^M>P]l$ l*$^lyl$. AVS ^ll ]l]l]l$ l*$^lyl$. (>yl$).
_____
8. ]l*]l]l#$
:
S$
:
:
]l$
G) S$ ) E$^l>$
) $ yl) S$$
]l*]l : ()
]l*]l]l#$ S gMS ^l]l g. ]l$ MS$ ^l]l.
:
$& El]l$:
({VS*&1 2007)
({VS*&1 1983&84)
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1 2 G 3 G 4 G 5
6 G 7 yl 8 9 10
]l*$
a) Bloodb) Calcium
c) Marrowd) Veins
9.
Letter : _____ : : ____ : Sentence
({VS*&1 1983&84)
a) Mail, Words
b) Word, Phrase
c) Correspondence, Court
d) Alphabets, Words
10.
______ is to sentence as sentence is to ______
a) Crime, Judgement
b) Word, Paragraph
c) Jurry, Prose
d) Words, Legal
8.
G) l) E
) Elyl) $*_MS
6. BMS$^la >MSMSZ, ]ly *_^lyMS VS$$. O]lZ ]lS{$/ t$ l
*_?
({VS*&1 2007)
G) Z)
) S yl) Alt
7. ^ Ol>lZ E. >MS V>zl GMSPyl E?
({VS*&1 2007)
G) Ai ) Z
) l yl) ^llVSl
G) VSl]l) ^lrt
) l yl) $
5. #MS llr "*$MS' ]l$. #MS _]lZ ]l^la?
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1)
ABC : GHI : : MNO : ______
a) RST b) STU
c) TUV d) UVW
]l*--]l (b)
ll-s {VS*#- ABCZ { AS- 6 -$ ]ll$-MS $ f-V>-.
A ]l--$-]l 1; 1 + 6 = 7 = G
B ]l--$-]l 2; 2 + 6 = 8 = H
C ]l--$-]l 3; 3 + 6 = 9 = I
AllV> MNOZ { AS- 6 $ ]ll$-MS$ f-V>-.
M ]l--$-]l 13; 13 + 6 = 19 = S
M E----$
]l- Ay r A--h
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5)
NPRT : MKIG : : ______ : ______
a) ACEG : ZXVT
b) ACEG : ZWVT
c) ACFG : ZXVT
d) ADEG : ZXVT
$.
Al--lV> BeF]l$ bEfV> >$-]l-^l$a.
3)
RAT : QSZBSU : : HOT : ______
a) GIMNSUb) GINPRS
c) GINPSU d) GNIPUS
]l*--]l (c)
ll-s {VS*# RAT lZ- { AS->--MS l$-$-V> -- ]ll$ AS-, l>-l AS-
>>$. R]l$ QSV>, A]l$ ZBV>, T]l$ SUV> >>-$.
AllV> HOT Z H]l$ ]ll$ AS- G, l>-l AS- IV> As H]l$ GIV>,
O]l$ NPV>, T]l$ SUV> >*-.
M>]l#-]l ]l*--]l GINPSU A]l#-l$.
4)
AdE : aDe : : BeF : ______
a) BEF b) bEF
c) BEf d) bEf
]l*--]l (d)
ll-s {VS*# AdE Z- l AS->--]l$ _]l AS->-$-V>, -_-]l AS->--]l$ l AS->-$-V> >>-
N ]l--$-]l 14; 14 + 6 = 20 = T
O ]l--$-]l 15; 15 + 6 = 21 = U
M>]l#-]l ]l*--]l STU
2)
ACE : DFH : : PRT : ______
a) SUWb) VXZ
c) RTV d) UWY
]l*--]l (a)
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27 4 = 13
13]l AS- M
P ]l--$-]l 16; -VS-]l$-]l ]l--$-]l
27 16 = 11
11]l AS- K
R ]l--$-]l 18; -VS-]l$-]l ]l--$-]l
27 18 = 9
9]l AS- I
T ]l--$-]l 20; -VS-]l$-]l ]l--$-]l
27 20 = 7
7]l AS- G
M>]l#-]l NPRT]l$ MKIG-V> >>-$.
Al--lV> ACEG-Z
A ]l--$-]l 1; -VS-]l$-]l ]l--$-]l
27 1 = 26
26]l AS- Z
C ]l--$-]l 3; -VS-]l$-]l ]l--$-]l
27 3 = 24
24]l AS- X
E ]l--$-]l 5; -VS-]l$-]l ]l--$-]l
27 5 = 22
22]l AS- V
G ]l--$-]l 7; -VS-]l$-]l ]l--$-]l
27 7 = 20
20]l AS- T
M>]l#-]l ]l*--]l ACEG : ZXVT A]l#-l$.
Note :
A ]l$_ Z ]l-MS$ s ]l--$-]l-$ A-1, .......Z-26 A l$a-MS$s ^$. -VS-]l$-]l
]l--$-]l-$ Z-1, ..... A-26 A l$a-M-]l-]l A]l-- l$.
]l*--]l (a)
ll-s {VS*# NPRT Z- { AS->- -VS-]l$-]l ]l--$-]l {M>-, B AS->- >->-$.
N ]l--$-]l 14; -VS-]l$-]l ]l--$-]l
I + 2 = 11 = K
J2=8=H
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R + 1 = 19 = S
S + 2 = 21 = U
T + 3 = 23 = W
M>]l#-]l ]l*--]l RST : SUW A]l#--l$.
7)
IJK : KHM : : PQR : ______
a) ROT b) ROP
c) RST d) RTV
]l*--]l (a)
ll-s {VS*# IJKZ ll-s AS- yl$ $, y AS- yl$ -$ l]l-MS-MS$,
Al--lV>
RSTZ
M + 1 = 14 = N
N + 2 = 16 = P
O + 3 = 18 = R
E :
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F+1=7=G
H + 2 = 10 = J
J + 3 = 13 = M
L + 4 = 16 = P
M>]l#-]l ]l*--]l GJMP A]l#--l$.
9)
LMNO : ONML : : PQRS : ______
a) QPSR b) RQPS
c) SRPQ d) SRQP
]l*--]l (d)
ll-s {VS*#Z AS->--]l$ l]l-MS- ]l$_ >>-$.LMNO]l$ l- l] M- S ]l$_ A]lV- > ONMLV>
>>-$.-A-llV>PQRS-]l$SRQP-V> >$]l-^l$a.
P + 2 = 18 = R
Q 2 = 15 = O
R + 2 = 20 = T
M>]l#-]l ]l*--]l ROT A]l#--l$.
8)
EGIK : FILO : : FHJL : ______
a) GMJP b) GJMP
c) JGMP d) JGPM
]l*--]l (b)
ll-s {VS*# EGIKZ ll-s AS- JMS ]l, y AS- yl$ -$, ]ly A-S-
Al--lV>
K + 2 = 13 = M
]l*--]l (b)
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M E$ :
B-VS--lZ-
B-VS-
BVSlZ-
lV> C]l-]l-^l$a.
]l*--]l (c)
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a) 19-20-21-4-5-14-20
b) 20-14-5-4-21-20-19
c) 8-7-6-23-22-13-7
d) 8-7-6-4-5-14-20
NEWS 14 - 5 - 23 - 19
]l$ Myl-V> >*. Al--lV> NEWS > N-14, E-5, W-23, S-19 A]l#-l$.
]l*--]l (a)
a) 14-5-23-19
b) 13-22-4-8
c) 19-1-11-19
d) 11-19-8-9
lV> >?
12 3 4 1 5 3 6 1
Cl$-Z
TREA TMEN T
]l MylV
MylV Ay ylMylV&3
VICTORY = 22 + 9 + 3 + 20 + 15 + 18 + 25 = 112
112/7 = 16
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]l*--]l (b)
a) 47
b) 43
c) 51
d) 50
>$?
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1. M>-W-- #-MSV>-..., #-M>- ]l$-V>..., -]l$--]l$ Z$z-V>-..., Z$z-]l$ l--VS- VS-V>- --,
M E$ :
Substitution
60/5 = 12
W^l-V> 16 ]l$.
SUPER = 19 + 21 + 16 + 5 + 18 = 79
]l*--]l (a)
a) 12
b) 60
c) 55
d) 65
a) 79
b) 69
c) 65
d) 61
]l*--]l (d)
lV> >$?
47 4 = 43
>$?
STUDENT 8-7-6-23-22-13-7
RUN = 18 + 21 + 14 = 53,
53 - 3 = 50
]l$.
b) -]l$
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]l*--]l (a)
d) -]l-
c) -G-$-#
b) l-$-#
a) -B-M>-
$ H VS$-Z Es-.
]l MS]l$-MP--.
C-s {-$ -]l-_a-]l--yl$- ]l-l$-V> _]l--Z E]l {-MS$ ]l$]l-MS$ l--]l -Z ]l*--
]l*--]l (c)
d) -M>-W-l
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a) #-MS
c) -Z-$z
& -l-$-#
]l$]l l- >?
b) We
d) Me
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2. JMS {lMSOl$]l Myl Z `ni tim si' As `how are you?' ; `ble ni si' As
*_.
yl$ Myl M>Z M>]l$lV> ]l_a]l l `Pa'. M>st `is' ]l$ B Myl Z `Pa' ^l
$]l l H l MS*y M>]l$lV> l$. M>st `is' MS$ _]l Myl MS*y B yl$
]l*]l : "c"
a) Ra
c) Pa
E$
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yl]l MSZ `juice' ]l$ `see' ]l$ `is' ]l$ `lee' *_.
y, ]ly M>Z M>]l$lV> E]l l `is'. All V> M>]l$lV> E]l Myl `lee'.
]l*]l : "b"
a) see b) kee
c) lee d) pee
`ble' *_$.
lls MSZ MS$y MS]l y MSZ E]l l `ble'. M>st `where' ]l$
*_$ A { Ayl$VS$$.
`where' Al
l y MSZ E. y MSZ `where' $]l $VS A
b) ni
d) tim
]l*]l : "a"
a) ble
c) si
MylV Ay yl MylV&4
lls, ]ly M>Z M>]l$lV> E]l l `good'. M>]l$lV> E]l Myl `pie'.
M>st lls MSZ `some' ]l$ `nie' , `good' l]l$ `pie' *_ $W]l
d) 6
c) 5
a) 2
c) 5
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]l*]l : "c"
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MS Myl 245 Z 2, 5 $ l$$ls MylZ E$$. M>st `white' Myl "4' A]l#l$.
`white'MS$
_]l Myl $]l $VS A Myl* l$$ls Z Es$$. ]ly
]l*]l : "b"
b) 4
a) 2
l *_?
b) 3
d) 6
7. JMS {lMSO l $]l Myl Z "256' As `red colour chalk'. "589' As `green
l$$ls, ]ly M>Z M>]l$l E]l l "fruit', M>]l$lV> E]l Myl 7, M>st sweet
`sweet' ]l$ 4
*_.
]l*]l : "b"
d) ^l
c) pie
d) ^l
c) 4
b) nie
a) bi
l$$ls, y M>Z M>]l$lV> E]l l `sweet', M>]l$lV> E]l Myl "4' M>st
b) 9
a) 7
]l*]l : "a"
6. JMS Myl Z "479' As `fruit is sweet', 248 As `very sweet voice', 637
d) ^l
c) 1
b) and
d) equality
a) 2
b) 4
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10. JMS {lMSOl$]l Myl Z "253' As `books are old'. "546' As `man is old',
l$$ls Myl "268' Z "2' $]l 6,8 $ ]ly, y M>Z ]l^a$$. M>st "2' $]l
]l*]l : "b"
a) respected
c) prosperity
l$$ls, y MSZ M>]l$lV> E]l l `always', M>]l$lV> E]l Myl "1' M>st
]l*]l : "b"
b) 6
a) 9
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]l^a$$. Al l V> Myl 253 Z "2' $]l 5, 3 $ $VS yl$ M>Z ]l^a$$
]l*]l : "a"
d) 6
c) 5
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LETTER CODING
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A]l#l$.
3. JMS {lMS Myl Z SIGMA]l$ T K J Q FV> > Al Myl Z OMEGA]l$
H lV> >$?
G) POHKF ) PNFHB
H J
L
SI K K I M
T L
J
Al l V> TRAINING Al l Z T UV>, R]l$ QV>, A]l$ BV>, I]l$ HV>,
N]l$ OV>, I]l$ HV>, N]l$ OV>, G]l$ FV> >. . UQBHOHOF Al ]l*]l
G O AL
H PB M
*_$?
G) QDZBG ) SFBDI
) SFDEI yl) O]l
]l*]l : ()
GOAL Al lZ { AS> l>l AS *_^$.
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]l*]l: ()
{ yl$ AS>]l$ $]l*$ ^l* >>$.
5. JMS {lMS Myl Z ENGLISH]l$ HSILGNEV> > Al Myl Z
TELUGU]l$ H lV> >$?
G) WHOXJX ) ETULUG
) UGULET yl) ^l
]l*]l: ()
S I GMA
s ]l $]l$19 9 7 13 1
MS]l Q$1 2 3 4 5
MSV> ]l_a]l 20 1110
17 6
Ml Q$
TKJ QF
Cl l V> OMEGA]l$ >
OMEG A
s ]l $]l$15 13 5 7 1
MS]l Q$1 2 3 4 5
MSV> ]l_a]l 16 158 11 6
Ml Q$
POHKF
4. JMS {lMS Myl Z UPDATE]l$ PUADETV> > Al Myl Z
SERVICES]l$ H lV> >$?
G) TFSWJDFT ) ESVRCISE
) SECIVRES yl) O]l
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VSl SZ ]l_a]l {$
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WORD
G) YPTF ) YQTF
) YQSE yl) YQTE
5.
BLIST
G) DNKOV ) DNKVQ
) DNKKU yl) DNKUV
6.
CLOSE
4.
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
G) ENQUG ) ENQVG
) EQNUG yl) ENOUG
]l*$: 4) 5) yl 6) G
D Q
M S
N T
]l*]l:
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
]l*]l: RDFLDMS
E: JMS Myl Z 'REJECTION'MS Myl 'SGMIHZPWW'
'MECHANIC' Myl H$s?
Al
1 1 1 1
MylV Ay ylMylV&6
C
O N
W W
E C
G F
R O
S P
+1 +1 +1
89
O T
I
89
O T
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+1
0 0
+1
0 0
W I
0 +1
1
0 +1
1
]l*]l: VIOUER
Cl lV>...
]l*]l:
]l*]l: EF89
E: JMS Myl Z 'SUMMER', 'RUNNER' Al 'WINTER' Myl H$s?
+1 +1
]l*]l:
]l*]l: NGFLFTPK
E: 'PROMOTION' Myl QSP89 Al 'DEMOTION' Myl H$s?
( {VS*&I, {l$ & 2004)
+1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7 +8
G M I
J
+6 +7 +8 +9
R E
+1 +2 +3 +4 +5
-1
-1
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]l*]l : GSQNM
E: ''DIFFERENT'' My 'FIDREFTNE' Al "SIMILARLY'' My H$s?
-1
-1 -1
-1 -1
-1 -1
'REDNILYC'.
My 'EAOUG
RBRGHKT'
Al
AVS
L
+1
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
-1 +1
Cl lV>
H$s?
]l*]l: C_a]l {VSZ "4' AS>$ Eylrr$V> ]lyl$ V>$V> h_,
{ VSZ AS>]l$ ]lMSZ > My l Hyl.
BR EA KT HR OU GH
1 2 3 4 5 6
EA OU HR BR GH KT
2 5 4 1 6 3
DI ST RI BU TI ON
1 2 3 4 5 6
ST TI BU DI ON RI
2 5 4 1 6 3
]l*]l : STTIBUDIONRI
E: 'CORPORATIONS' My 'PROCTAROSNOI' Al 'JUDICIAL' My
'BREAKTHROUGH'
'DISTRIBUTION' My H$s?
E:
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My H$s?
]l*]l:
'RATE' Al 'SBSD' MS My
E: 'MACHINE' My 19 7 9 14 15 20 11. Al DANGER
+1
-1 +1
'DEMAND' Al 'EFNZMC'
+1
+1 +1
-1 -1
'ZENITH' MS My 'YDMJUI
+1
+1 +1
-1 -1
'FROG'MS My 'EQPH'
+1
+1
-1 +1
'RING' MS My 'QHOH'
-1 +1
MylV $]l$: C_a]l yl$ ]l*]l V>$ ^l lls VSZ AS> ]l$_ JMS
]l l]lMSP, y VSZ AS> ]l$_ JMS ]l ]ll$MS l My l Hyl. Cl
$]l$ A]l$_...
+1 +1
+1
-1 -1
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(1 + 4 + 4)2 = 92 = 81
]l*]l: 81
E: 'ACE' Myl 35, BAD Myl 21 Al ADD Myl ?
]l*]l: 'ACE'Z AS> {MS]l$ Q ]l>Y ll
= 12 + 32 + 52 = 1 + 9 + 25 = 35
'BAD'Z AS> {MS]l$Q ]l>Y ll
= 22 + 12 + 42 = 4 + 1 + 16 = 21
Cl ]l {M> 'ADD' Myl =
4 15 7 = 420
Cl l V> 'COW' lZ = 3 15 23 = 1035
]l*]l: 1035
E: 'ACE' Myl 81, BAD Myl 49 Al ADD Myl ?
]l*]l: 'ACE'Z AS> {MS]l$Q$ = 1, 3, 5
s ll ]lY = (1 + 3 + 5)2 = 92 = 81
'BAD'Z AS> {MS]l$ Q ll ]lY = ( 2 + 1 + 4)2 = 72 = 49
Cl MylVS ]l {M> ADD Myl =
MylVS Ay ylMylVS&7
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s ll = 25 + 26 + 23 = 74
Cl l V> 'CAT' Myl
= 25, 26, 23
s ll = 26 + 24 + 22 = 72
'BAD'Z = 27 2, 27 1, 27 4
= 27 1, 27 3, 27 5
= 26, 24, 22
12 + 42 + 42 = 1 + 16 + 16 = 33
]l*]l: 33
E: 'ACE' Myl 72, 'BAD' Myl 74 Al CAT Myl ?
]l*]l: 'ACE'Z AS> {MS]l$Q$ ]lMS Z
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1 + 18 + 5 + 23 + 5 + 18 + 5 = 75
E: APPLE = 10, ORANGE = 12
Al PINEAPPLE = ?
]l*]l: 'APPLE'Z AS> Q = 5,
5 2 = 10
'ORANGE'Z AS> Q = 6,
6 2 = 12
Cl l V> PINEAPPLE = 9 2 = 18
]l*]l: 18
E: CONTROL = 82, RUNNER = 58 Al HYDERABAD = ?
]l*]l: 'CONTROL'Z AS> {MS]l$Q$ = 3, 15, 14, 20, 18, 15, 12 .
yl$$ ]l_a]l 'O' Al AS {MS]l$Q]l$ JMS VS_ As MS*yll...
= 9 + 19 + 23 + 1 + 19 = 71
Cl l V> ARE + WERE =
= (20 + 18 + 1 + 9 + 14 + 19)6
= 81 6 = 486
]l*]l: 486
E: IS + WAS = 71 Al ARE + WERE = ?
]l*]l: IS, WASZ AS> {MS]l$ Q ll
12 + 15 + 18 + 18 + 25 = 88
'LORRY'Z AS> Q = 5
Myl = 88 5 = 440
AVS 'TRAINS' Myl
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3 + 15 + 14 + 20 + 18 + 12 = 82
'RUNNER'Z AS> {MS]l$Q]l$ MS*y O l V> MS*yll... 18 + 21 + 14 + 5 = 58
Cl l V> HYDERABAD Myl =
8 + 25 + 4 + 5 + 18 + 1 + 2 = 63
]l*]l = 63
E: ECONOMY = 30, HISTORY = 44 Al GEOGRAPHY = ?
]l*]l: 'ECONOMY'Z AS> {MS]l$Q$ ]l$V>... 5, 3, 15, 14, 15, 13, 25.
D {MS]l$QZ JMSr (units place) l] Z E]l AMS]l$ ]l*{ll$ MS*yll... 5 + 3 + 5
+ 4 + 5 + 3 + 5 = 30
'HISTORY'Z AS> {MS]l$Q$...
8, 9, 19, 20, 15, 18, 25
sZ MS*y JMSr l] Z E]l AMS]l$ ]l*{ll$ MS*yll... 8+9+9+0+5+8+5 = 44
'GEOGRAPHY'Z AS> {MS]l$Q$ ]l$V>... 7, 5, 15, 7, 18, 1, 16, 8, 25
O MylVS ]l {M> Myl =
7 + 5 + 5 + 7 + 8 + 1 + 6 + 8 + 5 = 52
]l*]l: 52
E: MANGO = 20, PINEAPPLE = 44 Al ORANGE = ?
({VS*&1 l$l, 2008)
]l*]l: O {Z MylVS l D {MS* ]l^l^l$a. 'ORANGE'
lZ AS> {MS]l$Q$.. 15, 18, 1, 14, 7, 5. sZ JMSr l] Z Eyl AMS]l$
MS*yll... 5 + 8 + 1 + 4 + 7 + 5 = 30
]l*]l = 30
E: E=5, HOTEL=12 Al LAMB=?
]l*]l: 'E' {MS]l$Q = 5 = 5/1
'HOTEL'Z AS> {MS]l$Q ll = 8 + 15 + 20 + 5 + 12 = 60
'HOTEL'Z AS> Q = 5
60/5 = 12
Cl MylV ]l {M> 'LAMB'Z AS>$ {MS]l$Q ll = 12 + 1 + 13 + 2
= 28.
'LAMB'Z AS> Q = 4
LAMB My = 28/4 = 7
H U R
+2
+2 +2
Q P
O N
+1
+1
V> My ^l>$.
+1
+1
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]l*]l: 1D3E
E: JMS My Z 'LADY' My B6A1B2A13 Al INDIA My?
A 1, C D, I 3, D E
+1
E 2, S T, T U
+1
R S, E 2, Q R, U 5,
+1
]l*]l: HONESTY
E: REQUST = S2R52TU Al 'ACID'MS My ?
]l*]l: 'REQUEST' My
2 2 2 2 2 2
W T
+2 +2 +2 +2 +2
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]l*]l:
CMSPyl C_a]l lZ B* AS >]l$ My QZ B* AMS$V> ]l$V> My
^l> l$.
M>st 'ORDINARY' My = 58126789
E: EARTH = QPMZS
Al HEART = ?
]l*]l: SQPMZ
T 8, W 6, E 3, N 9, Y 5, L 2, V OV> My ^l>$.
M>st TWELVE = 863203
]l*]l : 863203
E: DICTIONARY = 1234256789 Al ORDINARY = ?
As
FGBFXJK
]l*]l: FGBFXJK
E: TWENTY = 863985, ELEVEN = 323039 Al TWELVE = ?
]l*]l: CMSPyl MS*y Direct Letter to Letter Coding ^l> A ^l$M]l^l$a.
]l*]l: 41
E: 'PARENT' My BDFGJK, 'CHILDREN My MOXQUFGJ Al
'REPRINT' My ?
]l*]l: C_a]l l> {lMSOl$]l MylV ]l]l$r* H$ l
t]l$]l#. CMSPyl JMS AS> CM ASV> My ^l>$. D MSOl$]l MylV]l$
"Direct Letter to Letter Coding" As$. M>st REPRINT My =
(18 + 14 + 20) 5 = 52 5 = 47
ROCKETZ MS*y... (18 + 3 +11+ 20) (15 + 5) = 52 20 = 32
M>st CRICKET My
= (3 + 18 + 3 + 11 + 20) (9 + 5)
= 55 14 = 41
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]l*]l ]l$. Cl$Z S ]l$ T V>, U ]l$ V V>, C ]l$ D V>, E ]l$ F V> > .....
WJ DUP S Z
V I C TORY
]l_a.
M E$ :
]l*]l MS]l$MP.
Letter Coding
VSlZ r Z ^la^.
JMS ]l*lZ E]l ]ll ]l$ $Z G]l JMS ]lMSMS ]l*{ll$ A]l$$ JMS
MylVS Ay ylMylVS&1
8 15 21 19 5
I X EDS Z C Z E
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H O U S E
s ]l $]l$
+1
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a) BTIPLOBHBS
b) ZRGNJMZHZR
c) BRINLMBFBQ
d) ZTGPJOZHZS
(c) A]l#l$.
+1 -1
RG H U Z
-1
BR I N LMB F BQ
JMS ]l l]lMSMS$ l.
'HYDERABAD' Al
lZ lls AS 'H' JMS ]l ]ll$MS$ ]l_a.
a) ZKKZG
b) BMMBI
c) ZKKBI
d) BMMZG
>?
2. JMS {lMSOl$]l Myl Z 'SHIVA' 'RGHUZ' V> > 'ALLAH' ]l$ H l V>
MS--l ]l_a]l Ml Q$
9 17 24 23 10
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WINDOW Z _]l AS 'W' ]l$]l '23'. MS '6' ]l$ MSl 29 ]l_a. M>
VS]l$MS :
X K Q H T C
2411 17 8 20 29
MS--l ]l_a]l Ml Q$
1 2 3 4 5 6
MS]l Q$
23 9 14 4 15 23
W I N D O W
s ]l $]l$
I Q X W J
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1 2 3 4 5
MS]l Q$
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MSl C_a]l $VS$ I_eM>Z $VS ]lyl sMS l$V> E]l VS$^lyl.
1. G) .$
) $r$
) MSZ$r$ yl) sMS Ol$$
]l*]l (yl)
O $VS$ MS*y l*> M^l {]l*$ M> G, , $ *$O l*> M^l
{]l*$ (yl) sMS Ol$$ ]l*{l ]l{lO l* M]lyMS {]l*.
2. G)
) $yl$
) $]l#
yl) MS
]l*]l ()
$]l# $]l $VS ]lyl$ VS ^lVS.
3. G) {$f ) ^ll${ ) ]ll
yl) ^ll${
]l*]l ()
]ll $]l $VS ]lylsMS M $g$ Es.
4. G) V]l
) VSV>
) {#{l yl) l$
]l*]l (G)
V]l $]l $VS ]ll$$ ]l* ]ll$$. V]l ]l*{l MS ]l. ]l* ]ll$$
: VSV>, l$, {#{l, $]l]l, VSylMS, M, ^l, l.
MS ]ll$$ : ]l$]l, V]l, MS~, l$VS{l, M>l, , V>]l, ]l$i,
{l, ylyl, ]l.
5. G) VSV>
) V]l
) l$ yl) ]l$]lC) ]ll
M E$
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D AO VSlZ ]l_a]l {$
]l*]l (C)
]ll $]l $VS]l l*$Ol# {]l^l ]ll$$. ]ll ]l*{l yl]l$ Ol# {]l^l
]l.
yl]l$ Ol# {]l^l ]ll$$ : ]ll, l, , ]l$, ]l$, , >]l,
>]l, *, .
6. G) W ) l ) l$]ll
yl) ]l{> C) JV$
]l*]l (yl)
]l{> $]l $VS]l B]l# gl$$. ]l{> ]l*{l VSl g.
7. G) {V>]l ) r$ ) MSs yl) r]l$ C) MSZ{V>
]l*]l ()
8. G) C]l$]l ) >W) lyl
yl) hMS
C) l
]l*]l (C)
l $]l $VS]l $]l Z$. l ]l*{l {l]l* Z.
9. G) Al$
) A$^l {l ) V>yl yl) MSP
C) ]l$N
]l*]l (yl)
MSP $]l $VS]l ll t >Z VS.
10. G) }M>MS$ ) ]lYyl
) l$lMS
yl) MSyl
C) VS$r*$
]l*]l ()
l$lMS $]l $VS h yl M>t$ Al rtZ E. l$lMS yl M>t V>ylz.
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3. G) M>s ) B$VSylz
) A
yl) M>i C) s*s
]l*]l (yl)
M>i $]l $VS]l *$ Z VS.
4. G) M>yl ) ]ll
) l yl) C) k
]l*]l (G)
M>yl $]l $VS]l M>ylZ V>$
5. G) A]l$
) l$yl$
) l yl) ]l C) l$yl$
]l*]l ()
l$yl$ $]l $VS l* JMS MS$r$MS ^l]l$.
6. G) uMS$yl$ ) ^l$$l ) {r yl) C) t
]l*]l (G)
uMS$yl$ $]l $VSl* JMS f {MS $rMS$ >]lyMS l $$Z
^l$
7. G) yl$ ) M>s ) g]l$
yl) r]l*r C) ]lM>$
]l*]l (C)
]lM>$ $]l $VS s l$V> ]l]l^l$a. ]lM>$]l$ ]lyl]l l>ll ]l VS.
8. G) s$ ) $ ) MS$a yl) C) l$$s
]l*]l (C)
l$$s $]l $VS]l VSZMS $
9. G) $ ) l$ ) ]l
yl)$VS C) M>MS
]l*]l (yl)
$VS $]l $VS]l VS$yl]l$ yl $$.
10.
G) GMS
) sl ) yl* yl) MSNr
C) sfl
]l*]l (G)
GMS $]l $VS]l G[M>tMS $yl*MS$ ^l]l.
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M E$
llr A
QZ JMSr ^. ]l JMS Q $]l $VS]l
]l M>MSl&1
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]l M>MSl &2
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G) 35 ) 42) 76yl) 38
]l*]l (G)
35 $]l $W]l]l Q$.
2. G) 47 ) 29
) 56yl) 69
]l*]l ()
56 $]l $W]l]l Q$.
3. G) 25 ) 42
) 55yl) 75
]l*]l ()
42 $]l $W]l]l 5 VS$g$
4. G) 20 ) 30
) 40yl) 55
]l*]l (yl)
5. G) 342 ) 963 ) 468 yl) 437
]l*]l (yl)
D {Z JMSr ]l BV> ]l*]l VS$^l. Cl$Z yl$ Q$, yl$
Q$ E. Cyl$ D QZ AMS ll ^l*ylr ]l 3 9 VS$g$
A]l#*? M>? Al $ l$$.
lls ]lyl$ B]lZ AMS ll ]l$V> 9, 18, 18 ]l^a. M>st lls ]lyl$
Q$ 3, 9 V> Wl]l$]l#. M> Bl d Z AMS ll 14 A]l#l$.
14 Al 3 9Z l]l* Wl M>l$ M>st 437 MS*y 3 9 V>
^lll$.
6. 1) 33 2) 55
3) 66 4) 99
1.
G) 2) 3 ) 2, 3
yl) H M>l$
]l*]l ()
O $VS$ Q$ ^l*ylV>l A]l 11 VS$g A]l$]l#l$. M> 11 VS$g
BV> Byl]l*l Ls ^l$.
55 $]l $W]l]l 3 VS$g$. M>st 55 Al ]l*]l A]l#l$.
]l$ MZ 66 $]l $W]l]l Q$. M>st 66 Al ]l*]l A]l#l$.
D {MS$ yl$ l$ MZ 55, 66 Al ]l*$ A*. M>st "O yl*'
Al ]l*]l A]l#l$.
7. G) 11,22 ) 66,77
) 33,44 yl) 77,88
]l*]l ()
{ Bl Z yl$ Q$. A]l MS*y 11 VS$g. { fl ]l$l ]l
MS*y V> E. M>st ]l$ MZ () 66,77 $]l $W]l A
B]lZ lls Q Q, y Q Q$V> E.
8. G) 25 ) 64
) 71yl) 36
]l*]l ()
71 $]l $W]l]l MS_alOl$]l ]l>Y$.
9. G) 42 ) 30
) 110 yl) 122
]l*]l (yl)
122 $]l $W]l]l ]lY QMS$ Al Q$ MSyl ]l ]l^a.
62 + 6 = 42; 52 + 5 = 30; 102 + 10 = 110
10. G) 3, 5, 11
) 7, 17, 19
) 5, 15, 17 yl) 11, 13, 17
]l*]l ()
{ Bl Z ]lyl$ Q$. B l () $]l $W]l B l Z A { ]l
Q E. M> ()Z E]l "15' { ]l Q M>l$.
11. G) 10 ) 11) 15yl) 16
]l*]l ()
11 $]l $W]l]l MS Q$.
12. G) 2345 ) 3456
]lyl$
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VSl SZ ]l_a]l {$
) 5467
yl) 5678
]l*]l ()
5467 $]l $VS QZ AMS JMS ]l$ {MS]l$Z ]l^a.
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E$
(l ]lYMS S)
]lz M>MS st
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G) H{ ) f]l]l
) BVSt yl) AMt
]l*]l: (G) & H{Z $]l $VS lZ 31 k$ Es.
31 k$yl l$
f]l]l, ]l*a, l$, kO, BVSt, AMt, yl
30 k$yl l$
H{, l, t, ]l]l
VS]l$MS: {]l lZ ]llZ 28 k$, ]llZ 29
k$s.
9. G) ^l{l$yl$ ) $l$yl$
) *$ yl) ${MS$yl$
]l*]l: (G)
^l{l$yl$ $]l $VS]l {VS$.
^l{l$yl$ ]l*{l E{VS.
10.
G) ]lO ) M_al
) Ol$* yl) >Qrt
]l*]l: ()
Ol$* $]l $VS]l Kyl ]l#$.
11.
G) f VSl ) {M$
) AMSVSl yl) VSl>
]l*]l: (yl)
VSl> $]l $VS]l VSl>Z l >Q$.
12.
G) Ol>l ) VMSN
) V>]lVS yl) Ds ]lVS
]l*]l: ()
VMSN $]l $W]l]l l lZ VS l > >f]l$$.
13.
G) GMS ) sl
) yl* yl) l*ll
]l*]l: (G)
GMS $]l $W]l]l G[M>tMS $yl*MS$ _]l.
14.
G) M ) yl^la
8.
4. G) k) VSr
) M> yl) $
]l*]l: ()
M> $]l $VS]l M>MS l {]l*$.
5. G) ]ll
) V]l
) l yl)
]l*]l: ()
V> llZ ]ll$ l*$ Ol# {]l. M> M ]ll$$ ]l*{l
yl]l$ Ol# {]l. O sZ V]l l $VS ]ll$ yl]l$ Ol#
{]l.
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MS sZ H l GMSMS$ ]l?
1. G) Cyl$l GMS{ ({VS*&1 2007)
) Cyl* r$yl
VSl SZ ]l_a]l {$
) Osl$ B Cyl*
yl)
l*
]l*]l :
Cyl* r$yl $]l $W]l]l BVS ]l{MS$.
2. G) s ({VS*&1 1995)
) Atl$s) V>i
yl) M>t
]l*]l :
3. G) l ({VS*&1 1995)
) ) *^l]l
yl) Bl
]l*]l : yl
4. G) ]ll ({VS*&1 1990&91)
) ^ll${) ^ll${
yl) {$f
]l*]l : G
5. G) *lW VS$rt ({VS*&2 2001)
) ^l) ]l$VSW
yl) l]lyl
]l*]l : yl
l]lyl $]l $W]l ]lyl$ rtZ MS]l$ M$Ol Eyl$.
l]lylZ ]l*{l } >f>g M$Ol E.
6. G) ]lr VS$Y
(g.G 2004)
) {V>Os) V>
yl) ]l{f
]l*]l : & V> $]l $W]l]l M>l *l>$.
7. G) ^l{lVS$]l$yl$
(g.G 2001)
) l$$yl$) AZMS$yl$
yl) MS$Pyl$
]l*]l : yl
MS$Pyl$ $]l $W]l $ ]l {]l*fZ V >k$. MS$Pyl$ ]l*{l
) S yl) ^llVSl
]l*]l: (G)
M $]l $W]l]l MS{ll {$.
15.
G) uMS$yl$ ) ^ll
) {r yl)
]l*]l: (G) & uMS$yl$ $]l $W]l l* #MS l*Z l lZ l]l$
]l$ A^l$.
16.
G) A]l$ ) ]l
) ${l$yl$ yl) l$yl$
]l*]l: ()
${l$yl$ $]l $VS l* JMS MS$r$MS ^l]l$.
17.
G) MSl ) MSP]l
) O]l yl) GMSPyl
]l*]l: (yl)
"GMSPyl' Al l $]l $W]l "GMSPyl' Al {MS$ l ]l*$.
18.
G) ]l$V* ) O^l
) MSl yl) V>l
]l*]l: (G)
]l$V* $]l $W]l l> ll>MS l$ l>$.
19.
G) ]l$ ) M>MS$r
) yl) ]l*P
]l*]l: ()
M>MS$r $]l $W]l]l >$yMS E*W^l ]l$]l#$.
20.
G) MSl ) l]l ]l*l
) ylh yl) {sZ
]l*]l: ()
l]l ]l*l $]l $W]l]l Cl$.
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MS$$Z V >k.
(g.G 2001)
8. G) ]l
) {$lMS) M>l
yl) V>]ll
]l*]l :
M>l $]l $W]l $ ^l]l$. M>l ^ll $yl$.
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sV Agl$s&2
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2. P 3.
5. P 6. P
8.
1. M
4. C
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2. P 3. M
5. P 6. P
1.
4. C
7. C
Er$.
8. B
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i) C, D, A, B
N, M, P, O
ii) C, A, D, B
N, P, M, O
D, A,
A, D
M, P
P, M
l {M> 'O'MS Gyl]l$Ol# 'M' MS*$ayl$. As 'O' MS$yl _]l]l MS*$a syl$.
ClMS Gl$$V> 'B' MS*$asyl$. As 'B' Al ]l$Z Gyl]l$ _]l MS*$asyl$.
$W]l yl$ Z ]l$Z 'N' 'C'$ MS*$as$. M>st G$ ]l$
7. C
A$l
MS]l$
{$
A$l
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Vl
]l$
{ll$
l {M> ]l$, {$MS$ Gl$$ V>, VlMS$ Gyl]l$ MSP]l MS*$ayl$. M>st $
MS*$al ]l$ D lV> Er$. $W]l JMSP ]lZ MS]l$ MS*$ar$.
{ll$
]l*]l 'A' 'D' AVS 'O' MS Gyl]l$ MSP]l G]l$ MS*$as$ As ]l*]l
'P' 'M' A]l#l$. CMSPyl MS*y MS_alV> ^l.
E: MS]l$, ]l$, l, A$l, Vl, {ll$, {$ Al Hyl$VS$$ l$$ JMS
]ll O MS*$a$. Vl $]l $VS B$VS$* ]llO ]l*]l l*>Z
MS*$a$. {ll$MS$ MS$ylOl# ]ly ]l Z l MS*$ayl$. A$lMS MS$yl MSP]l
{ll$ MS*$ayl$. ]ll MS{l ]ll MS]l$, Vl$ 90 M ^l$$. AVS MS]l$,
]l$$ MS{l ]ll 120 M ^l$$. ]l$, {$MS$ Gl$$V> VlMS$ Gyl]l$ MSP]l
MS*$ayl$. Al $ MS*$a]l ]l$]l$ MS]l$MPyl? (M.A.T. 1997)
]l*]l: llr $ MS*$a]l ]l$ ]l$ MS]l$MS$P. l {M> {ll$, l,
A$l$ MS*$al ]l$ D lV> Er$.
MS]l$
600 600
300
600
300
600 600
{$
A$l
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Vl
]l$
{ll$
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G) l{l$, OlG
yl) _i
) ^l{l$ yl$
) l{l$
G) f${M> >$
E$
sV Agl$s&3
) _i
*^l]l&_iMS Gl$$V> MS..B. A C^a$. M> l* OlG,
MS*ast.
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>$]l#$
lll Vyl
^l{l$ yl$
_i
OlG
$VS MS*ast.
$V
lll Vyl
^l{l$ yl$
l{l$
OlG
MS*$a$.
]ly
l{l$
]ll$V>
^l{l$ yl$
OlG
y
yl) _i
) >$]l#$
) f${M> >$
G) lll Vyl
) OlG, >$]l#$
G) _i, OlG
G) MS..B
) l{l$, >$]l#$
MS..B.
OlG
f${M>
>$
MS..B.
) *$MS
yl) ]l$MS~
) *$MS
) {, ]l$MS~
1) G2)
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) ]l$MS~
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yl) {
) ]l$]l
G) *$MS
10.
) *$MS, {
O {MS$ ]l*$
3) 4) yl 5)
G) ]l$]l, *$MS
) ]l$
G) ]l$]l
) { yl) ]l$MS~
G) V>$j]l
yl) ]l$]l, {
) *$MS, {
) V>$j]l, MS]l$l
G) ]l$MS~, ]l$]l
^l$]l^l$a.
>$]l#$
lll Vyl
^l{l$ yl$
_i
l{l$
E. B sZ Al MS*ast.
G$
>$]l#$
lll Vyl
^l{l$ yl$
_i
OlG
l{l$
y
]l$
MS]l$l
]l$MS~
) Eyl) D
) B
yl) E
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ls _sP
1) G 2)
]l*$
G) A ) C
G) B ) C
E$. Al
MS*$a$.
6) G 7) 8) yl 9) 10) G
O {MS$ ]l*$
*$MS
V>$j]l
]l$]l
_i
952 = 9025
852 = 7225
752 = 5625
652 = 4225
552 = 3025
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stMS (Tabulation)
stMS&1
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Bar Diagram)
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]ll#$$$$ ll
f
1981 26 24 50
> fZ $, #$$$
(f $$]lZ)
1991 29 26 55
2001 31.5 29.5 61
C_a]l ]l*^> O lV> stMSZ l$^lyl > MS {*f$ E.
1. l> $V> {l^^l$a.
2. l> $$]l#V> A]l^^l$a.
3. l >$ $, s ]l$l ]l$ A ^l$M l$lMS ]l
^l$]l^l$a.
4. stMS ]l$_ B* VSMS# Ml]l$ $$]l#V> ^l$a. lW]l ~*$ $M]l^l$a.
stMSZ ]lQ V>$
stMS l$: (SZ stMS l$]l$ *_^]l A]l l$)
stMS $ (Title):
C_a]l l> st stMSMS$ lW]l $]l$ *_^.
MS$ (Captions):
$]l# ]l$ ]l$ MS$ A As.
t (Stub):
Ayl$z ]l$ l] $ t $ A As. Gyl]l$ _]l]l E]l A Ayl$zVS l] $ MS t MS
(stub box) A As$.
A>]l$ *_^l VS (Body):
C stMSZ A {]lOl$]l VS. lZ A>]l$, Q]l$ As D VSZ
{l.
]lQ VS]l$MS (Head Note):
stMSZ A> VS$_ {VSV> Zl^l MS ]lQ VS]l$MS. C stMS $ MSl
MS$ylMSZ Er$.
E: (f $$]lZ)
l*_MS (Foot Note):
stMSZ HOl JMS t A> VS$_ {lMSV> ^l ]l_a]lyl$ l *_MS]l$
yl. stMS VS$]l VSZ >. SZ A]l V> >l$.
]l (Source):
lZ ]l*^ H ]l ]l$_ MS^ C l$g$. V> SZ
A]l MS*y >l$.
9. stMS]l$ l*$ ^l]l$:
l *_MS
(]lQ VS]l$MS)
]l
stMS l*$ ^l]l$
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Main Body
stMS l$
t
MS$
]l]l
stMS $
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stMS$
stMS&2
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M>
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
2005]l ]ll
f.C_a]l lZ >$$.
2000]l ]ll
]l*]l 13.33%
= 400 20/100 = 80
= 400 10/100 = 40
{l]l$ $ l$
$$, MS]l$ Ayl$z ]l$Z, MS$ _]l EV>]l$ $]l# ]l$Z
A]l$$a. (stMS 2)
l ]l$_ l$$l MS Q = 500Z 40%
$$
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
#$$$
A]l A]l$MS$s l$$l MS$ _]l $]l# ]l$Z MS*y #$$$,
]l$$, l$$l Al ]lyl$ $]l ]l$ X$]l^l$a.
stMS 3 ]l$_ 2000Z $l l$]l ]l$ Q = 175
2005Z Q = 220
$VS$l >l =
(l$$]l & $]l)
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 100
$]l
= (220 & 175) / 175 100 = 26.72
]l*]l 26.72%
4. 75 ]l*$P$ E]l JMS { {lZ 70]l$ $MS$ ]l_a]l ]l*$P D
lV> E. D l> stMSZ ]l$^lyl."30' GMS$P]l, "40' MSs lMS$P]l
]l*$P$ ]l_a]l $$ "14' ]l$ E$. Z "8' ]l$ #$$$, Cl$Z
]l$VS$$ ]l VS$$. ]l$Z Cl$ ]l VS $$ M>$. "40' GMS$P]l, "50'
MSs lMS$P]l ]l*$P$ ]l_a]l $$ "26' ]l$ E$. Cl$Z "16' ]l$ #$
$$, Z B$VS$$ ]l VS$$ M>$. ]l$Z Il$VS$$ ]l VS$$. "50'
GMS$P]l ]l*$P$ ]l_a]l $$ "30' ]l$ E$. Cl$Z Hyl$VS$$ ]l$$ ]l
VS$$ M>$, #$$$ "14' ]l$, Z "8' ]l$ ]l VS$$.
VS
]l$$
$lZ l
E]l$
4)
]l$VS
]l VS$$ M>$
]l VS$$
40
l$$l
280
140
$
{
140
80
40
l$
{
40
O]l Q
23
18
12
400
180
220
l$$l
175
220
1200
1510
27
525
180
#$$$
25
28
550
208
l$$l
$l l$$ M>$
100
20
80
$$O]l
Q
41
14
4
10
8
22
40&50
50&75
ll
16
]l
VS$$
M>$
4
#$$$
38
14
16
ll
18
14
32
16
10
]l
]l ll
VS$$ VS$$
M>$
4
2
6
70
30
26
14
l$$l
1750
1718
l$$l
$
500
200
300
l$$l
128
54
74
l$$l
f
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
]l
VS$$
1025
1290
#$$$ $ l$$l
$l l$$
30&40
]l*$P$
2000
2005
87
15
00
$$
MS$
]ll
44
40
47
l$$l #$$$ $
l$$l
(f $$]lZ)
l*$l$$
$$
43
l$$l
22
22
25
18
]lVS {l
#$$$
{V>$ {l
{l
l$]l#$
]l VS$$ M>$
$ ]l*$P]l$ Ayl$z ]l$Z, $W]l >$]l$ $]l# ]l$Z A]l$a ]l^l$a. (stMS
VS
Byl
]l VS$$
60
100
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
= 1296
{syl $lZ $O]l #$ M>MS$ Q = 13000&1296 = 11704
2002]l ]ll
2160
]l$$
VS
#$$$
Cyl$ lZ C]l $]l]l$ MS]l$V.
2001]l ]ll
12
]l$ M>MS$ Q = 18000Z 12 >l
= 18000 100 = 2160
#$ M>MS$ Q =
18000 & 2160 = 15840
{syl $lZ $O]l ]l$ M>MS$ Q = 2160Z 60 >l
]l*]l:
llr C_a]l lZ >$$, sZ EV>]l$ VS$.
2001]l ]ll
M>
2002]l ]ll
{syl $l $$
M>MS$$ {syl $lZ $$ M>$
stMS$
stMS&3
(100 + 6)
100
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
18000
ll M>MS$ Q =
= 19080
]l$ M>MS$ Q = 2160 + 480 = 2640
#$ M>MS$ Q = 19080&2640= 16440
(100 + 10)
{syl $lZ ll $$ = 13000 100 = 14,300
{syl $lZ ]l$ $ Q
= 1296 & 304 = 992
{syl $lZ #$ $ Q = 14300 & 992 = 13308
{syl $lZ $$ M>
Q = 19080 & 14300 = 4780
Z ]l$$ = 2640 & 992 = 1648
Z #$$$ = 16440&13308 = 3132
O l> MS lV> stMS^l]l^l$a.
2001 & 2002Z JMS MStZ
M>MS$ ]l>$
M>MS$$
2001 Z {syl $lZ $$
#$$$ $ ll
11704 1296 13000
{syl $lZ $$ M>$
#$$$$ ll
4136 864 5000
ll 15840 2160 18000
2002 Z {syl $lZ $$
#$$$$ ll
13308 992 14300
{syl $lZ $$ M>$
#$$$$ ll
3132 1648 4780
ll 16440 2640 19080
E: 2001]l ]llZ JMS {l f]l$ ]l$$Z BV> MS stMSZ
l$^$.
>l
30
18
17
15
14
5
1
100
3
=6
100
48
= 2016
100
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
]l*]l 2016
yl) 56 & 65 ]ll> ]l$$ MS 36 & 45 ]ll> ]l$$ MS VS
= 4200
x = 200 $$]l$.
]l$$ (Z)
15 ]lMS$
16 & 25
26 & 35
36 & 45
46 & 55
56 & 65
65 O]l
ll
10 0
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
40
80 92 100
66 81 100
73 87 100
9
4
7
VSl
Ol
>
32
21
27
]l*$P$
40 30 20
jMS$t
Gl?
f$: ll fZ 5 >l
AylW]l =
ll fZ 15 >l
5
1
=
=
15 = 3
]l*]l 1 : 3
E: 100 ]l$ $MS$ VSl, O]l$Z ]l_a]l ]l*$P BV> D MS
lV> stMS^$. VSt ]l*$P$ 50
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
QMS >&1
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
A]ll$$:
40 & 50 Al lVSZ "40' VS$]l A]l (Lower limit), "50' GVS$]l A]l (Upper
Q "12' A A .
limit) As- $. As.. 40 ]l$-_l 50 Z# ]l*$P$ ]l_a]l $
65
4
71
2
74
3
80
2
ll
20
lls l MSs y lZ l> {l^lyl,A ^l$M]lyl l-MS.
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
20 + 25
2
45 + 50
2
= 47.5 kg.
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
= 22.5 kg
-
2
]l$l $]l
30 & 35 10
35 & 40 10
40 & 45
9
45 & 50
7
ll
50
D ll Y l l A MS*y As$. D l Z JMS lVS GVS$]l A]l B lVSZ
]l$_l $]l_, l> lVSZ ]l ^l]l. As EMS$ "35' kg
$]l#]l 30 & 35 lVSZ MSP^lMS$y 35 & 40 lVSZ MSP.
]l@#]l (Frequency): JMS lVSMS ^l]l $]l Q]l$ B lVS ]l@#]l
As$. ]l@# V> 'f' Al AS *_. EMS$ O ]l@#]l
sMt S Z 20 & 25 Al lVS ]l@#]l = 6. Al l V> 40 & 45 Al lVS ]l@#]l =
9. ]l@# l V> AS 'N' *_. O sMt S Z
N = 6 + 8 + 10 + 9 + 7
= 50
lVSl$ ]l$l $]l:
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
E:
$]l#$B
(MSZZ)Q _l .#.
20 & 25 6
6
25 & 30 8 6+8=14
30 & 3510 6+8+10=24
35 & 40106+8+10+10=34
40 & 45 66+8+10+10+6=40
B _l ]l@#]l f]l
JMS ]l@#]l f]lZ lls ]l$_ JMS lVS GVS$]l A]l ]lMS$ Eyl ]l@#
l B lVS B _l ]l@ #]l As$.
_l ]l@#]l f$:
]l@#]l stMSZ MS]l B* lVSl$ ]l@#]l$ ]l*{ll$ ^lVS.
M l>Z lZ HOl JMS $]l MSs GMS$P]l lMS$P]l ]l* MSW]l
]l@# Q A]l A]l#l$. Cr$]ls l>Z _l ]l@#]l f$
E*VSyl. C yl$ M>$:
1. B _l ]l@#]l f]l
QMS >&2
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
AMS ]l$l]l$:
MS{l M]lyMS l^l$V> E* W^l Ml C.
AMS ]l$l ]l$ =
(Median)
3. $MS (Mode)
(Artihmetic Mean)
fx
fx
7
15
15 25
8
35
3
45
2
55
N=40
0 + 10
2
105
375
280
135
110
=5
fx = 1020,
f = N = 40
25
1020
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
ll
10 20
20 30
30 40
40 50
50 60
0 10 5
]l*$P$$ Q
0 & 10
5
10 & 20
7
20 & 30
15
30 & 40
8
40 & 50
3
50 & 60
2
]l*]l:
C_a]l ]l@#]l fMS B* lVSl$ ]l$l $]l]l$ MS]l$V D lV> >^l$a.
]l*$P$ $ lVSl$ f x
Q (f) ]l$l $
]l$ (x)
E:
D MS lVSl$ AMSVSl#
VSr$ Gl?
f1 x1 + f2 x2 + f3 x3 + ...... + f4 x4
f1 + f 2 + f3 + ...... + f4
N
40
fx = 1020 = 25.5
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
AMS]l$l]l$ =
50
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
*W$]lr$ A.
]l$lVSl
lZ $]l]l$ B A]l {MS]l$Z >]l l>l V>Y ]l$lZ Eyl
$]ll ""]l$lVSl'' A As$. ]lYMSl M> l>MS ]l$lVS MS lV>
MS]l$MP]l^l$a.
llr lZ A $]l]l$ B A]l {MS]l$Z A]l$>a. C_a]l
Q Al n + 1 ]lZ $]l
2
lZ 'n' $]l$ Eyl, 'n'
]l$lVSl
A n , n + 1 $]l$
2 2
Al] #
l$.. Cr$]
AVlSs'n' Q Al ]l$l$]l$ yl$ Es.
lZ D yls VSr$]l$ "]l$lVSl' V> .
E:
D MS >$ ]l$lVS MS]l$MPyl?
3, 12, 6, 8, 1, 15, 18, 7, 5
]l*]l:
C_a]l >$]l$ B {MS]l$Z >,
1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 15, 18
>$ Q = 9 ( Q)
9+1/2 = 5]l ]lZ > ]l$lVSl A]l#l$. ]l$l VSl = 7
E:
AMSVSl VSr$ =
fx = 2275 = 45.5
fx = 2275,
f = N = 50
5
20+29/2122.5
= 24.5
12 34.5
414.0
16 44.5
712.0
10 54.5
545.0
4
64.5
258.0
3
74.5
223.5
N=50
2275
O sMt S ]l$_
ll
30 39
40 49
50 59
60 69
70 79
20 29
10 10
, +1
2 2
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
N = 70.
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
]l*]l:
l ]l$_ ]l@# ll
lVS Al ]l@#]l
0&20
9
20&40
16
40&60
24
60&80
15
80&100
4
100&120
2
ll
N = 70
E:
MS l>MS ]l$lVS MS]l$MPyl?
L
N
F
f
C
QMS >&3
10 20
= 48.3
24
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
= 40 +
70
25
2
20
= 40 +
24
F
2
C
L+
f
]l$lVSl =
N = 70,
F = 25,
f = 24
C = 20.
O stMS ]l$_ "35']l > 40&60 lVSZ E. M>st C ]l$l VSl lVS A]l#l$.
L = 40 60 lVS VS$]l A]l
= 40,
lVS ]l@#]l B
Al
_l
]l@#]l
0&20
9
9
20&40 16 25
49
*40&60 24
60-&80 15 64
80&100 4
68
100&120 2
70
ll N = 70
N 70
=
= 35.
2
2
(2 f
f1 f 2 )
]l*$P$ $ Q
10&19
10
20&29
22
30&39
24 www.facebook.com/shekharmine
]lQ VS]l$MS:
$MS lVS lls lVS Al Ayl$ fl = 0. AVS $MS lVS _]l lVS
Al Ayl$ f2 = 0 A]l#l$. JMS ]l@#]l stMSMS$ yl$ GMS$P]l $MS
lVSl$$ MS*y Ey^l$a.
E:
MS ]l@#]l stMSMS$ $MS MS]l$MPyl.
C $ lVS Al.
L+
l>$:
1. l>MS $MS Ey^l$a EylMS]l^l$a.
2. JMS l>MS JMSs MSs GMS$P]l $M>$ MS*y Ey^l$a.
E:
G) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 Al l>MS $MS l$.
) 6, 5, 4, 4, 3, 1, 4, 5, 1, 4, 9 Al l>MS $MS = ""4''. Gl$MSs "4' Al >
GMS$P]l$ #]l>]llOl$. l>MS JMS $MS Es HMS $MS
(Unimodal) A As$.
) 4, 5, 5, 3, 2, 2, 3, 1, 5, 2, 7 Al l>MS $M>$ = "2', "5'. Gl$MSs 2, 5,
yl* MS*y ]lyl$$ #]l>]ll]l$*. D lV> yl$ $M>$ Es
$MS (Bi-modal) A As$.
]l@#]l stMSMS$ $MS MS]l$MP]lyl:
llr C_a]l ]l@#]l stMSZ $MS lVS VS$^. AlMS ]l@#]l E]l
lVS $MS lVS As$.
$MS =
(f f )
30
10
4
(2 f
f1 f 2 )
30
= 39.5 + 2.3
13
= 39.5 +
= 41.8
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
6 10
26
(30 24 ) 10
(2 30 24 10 )
= 39.5 +
39.5 +
$MS =
L = 39.5, f = 30
f1 = 24, f2 = 10, C = 10
O stMS ]l$_
L+
40&49
50&59
60&69
(2 f
f1 f 2 )
L = 2,000,
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
Case 1:
l B$ (*.Z)MS$r$ Q
0 & 2,000 2
2,000 & 4,000 32&2 = 30
4,000 & 6,000 42&32 = 10
6,000 & 8,000 49&42 = 7
8,000 & 10,000 60&49 = 11
10,000 & 12,000 90&60 = 30
12,000 & 14,000 100&90 = 10
ll
100
28 2,000
14,000
= 2,000 +
48
12
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
19 2,000
38,000
= 10,000 +
39
39
= 10,000 +
= 10,000 +
$MS =
L = 10,000, f = 30,
f1 = 11, f2 = 10, C = 2,000
Case 2:
= 2,000 +
$MS =
(30 2 )
2,000
2,000 +
(2 30 2 10 )
E:
MS l>MS $M>]l$ MS]l$MPyl
l B$ (*.Z)MS$r$ Q
2000 MSs lMS$P]l2
4000 MSs lMS$P]l32
6000 MSs lMS$P]l42
8000 MSs lMS$P]l49
10,000 MSs lMS$P]l 60
12,000 MSs lMS$P]l 90
14,000 MSs lMS$P]l 100
of concentration).
30,000
6
30,000
6
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
= *. 5,000.
= *. 5,000
AllV>, 'B' Al MSZ EVS$ VSr$ il =
EVS$ Q
Ml$
QMS > 4
xi x
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
x1 x + x 2 x + + x n x
VSr$ ^l]l =
xn x .
x1 x , x 2 x , x 3 x ,
2000
= 200
10
{V>]l$
xi x
2000
= 200
10
42
= 4.2 ( 2)
10
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
8+6+5+2+0+1+3+4+6+7
10
]l*l]l$ ^l]l =
= 8, 6, 5, 2, 0, 1, 3, 4, 6, 7
{V>]l$
VSr$ ( x ) ]l$_ B* >$ ^l$
= |192 & 200|, |194 & 200 |,,, |206 & 200 |, | 207 &200 |
x=
18
= = 1.8 (1)
10
4 + 2 + 2 +1+ 0+ 0+1+1+ 2+ 5
10
]l*l]l$ ^l]l =
= 4, 2, 2, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 5.
]l*l]l$ ^l]l =
VSr$ x ]l$_ B* >$ ^l$
= |196--&200|,|198-&200|,&&&|202 & 200|,
|205 & 200|
x=
Answer:
'A' Al ${MS _]l 10 > MSr VSr$ $]l# =
)+
xn x n x
(x
(x
) + (x
xi x
x +,,, + x n x
240
= 48
5
>$$
^l
x=
40 + 50 + 60 + 50 + 40
5
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
^l$
E:
MS l , {]l*MS ^l]l$ MS]l$MPyl?
40, 50, 60, 50, 40.
xi x
) + (x
2 =
.... + x n x
(x
( )=
Cyl$
(x
(x
(x
,
,
x3 x3
,
,
,
,
x2 x2
x1 x1
>$$ ^l$ ^ l
] l >Y $
xi x
280
= 56
5
64 + 4 + 144 + 64 + 4
5
( )=
100 + 120 + 5 + 5 + 10
5
240
= 48
5
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
240
=
= 48
5
40 + 50 + 60 + 40 + 50
5
( )= 56
{]l*MS ^l]l () + 56 =7.52
^l]l VS$MS (coefficient of variation): lZ ]l$ M]ly MS
MS_alOl$]l MlV> ^l]l VS$MS E*VSyl$l$.
^l]lVS$MS =
{]l*MS ^l]l
100
AMS]l$l]l$
yl$ l> MSyl ( consistency) ]l$ ayMS ^l]l VS$MS
E*VSyl$l$. ^l]l VS$MS lMS$P]l E]l lZ MSyl GMS$P]l E]lr$.
E:
MS stMSZ A, B Al Cl$ sl$l $VS$$ Al$ ]l*^lZ C^a$.
AS& 40, 50, 60, 40, 50
B & 100, 120, 5, 5, 10
]l# fr$tZMS G]l GMS ^l]l#? Gl$MS$?
40
50
60
50
40
]l>Y$
40&48=&8(&8)2= 64
50&48= 2 (2)2 = 4
60&48=12 (12)2= 144
50&48= 2 (2)2= 4
40&48=&8(&8)2 = 64
280 +
= 56
5
64 + 4 + 144 + 64 + 4
5
=+
13030 +
= 2606 = 51 .05
5
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
B {]l*MS ^l]l
^l$ ^l
]l>Y$
100 100&48 = 52 (52)2 = 2704
120 120&48 = 72 (72)2 = 5184
5 5&48 = &43 (&43)2 = 1849
5 5&48 = &43 (&43)2 = 1849
10 10&48 = &38 (&38)2= 1444
>$$
7.52
100 = 15.625
48
=7.52
A ^l]l VS$MS =
A {]l*MS ^l]l =
40
50
60
40
50
^l$
^l
]l>Y$
40&48=&8(&8)2= 64
50&48= 2 (2)2 = 4
60&48=12 (12)2= 144
40&48=&8(&8)2= 64
50&48= 2 (2)2 = 4
>$$
A sl$l ^l]lVS$MS:&
Cl$ BrV> VSr$ $VS$$ ]l*]lV> E M>st ClZ G]l$ MSOyl]l BrV>y
^l*y.
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
= 106.35
1, 2 ]l$_ 'B' MSs A ^l]l VS$MS lMS$P]l. As B MSs 'A' MSOyl]l BrV>yl$.
M>st fr$tZMS 'A' Al BrV>~ GMS ^l]l$.
51.05
100
48
B ^l]l VS$MS =
>$ ll
307
6
= 51.16
75 + 21 + 65 + 60 + 45 + 41
6
389
= 64.83
6
68 + 44 + 75 + 68 + 63 + 71
6
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
y=
x=
VSr$ =
>$ Q
Al *{ A]l$_, 6 ]l*^lZ 'X' Al sl$l VSr$ $VS$$
]l*]l:
QMS >&5
( xi x)
( xi x) 2
^l$
]l>Y$
^l
( yi y )
3.17
68
^l ]l>Y$
18.028
100
51.16
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
10.0489
( yi y) 2
^l$
(yi)
>$$
= 35.23931 (1)
'Y' ^l]l VS$MS
VSr$
100
^l]l VS$MS =
{]l*MS ^l]l
= 18.028
= 325.0256
1950.1536
6
23.84 568.3456
-&31.16 970.9456
13.84 191.5456
8.84 78.1456
&6.16 37.9456
&10.16 103.2256
ll =1950.1536
{]l*MS ^l]l =
75
21
65
60
45
41
(xi)
>$$
( xi x) 2
11.4125
100
64.83
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
VS]l$MS:
gMS D {Z ^l]l VS$M>$ MS]l$MP]l A]l l$. 'X' MSs 'Y' VSr$
GMS$P]l M>st 'Y' ]l$ GMS$P]l A ^l^l$a. Cl VSr$$ ]l*]l A]lyl$
]l*{ll$ ClZ GMS$P]l MSylV> Byl G]l$ A]l VS]lZMS $Ms.
= 11.4125
= 130.2455
781.4734
6
44
75
68
63
71
N1 (12 + d12) + N 2( 2 2 + d 2 2)
N1 + N 2
N1 X 1 + N 2 X 2
N1 + N 2
Al *{ A]l$_
X2 =
160
=8
20
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
10 60 = 440 + 20X2
20X2 = 600 440 = 160
40 11 + 20 X 2
10 =
40 + 20
E]l$yl VSr$ X =
X = 10, 2 = 4.
N ( 2 + d12 ) + N 2( 2 2 + d 2 2)
= 1 1
N1 + N 2
Ayl$
X X2 = d2
X X1 = d1,
40(2.25 + 1) + 20( 2 2 + 4)
40 + 20
fi mi
fi
fi (mi x) 2
fi
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
{]l*MS ^l]l
x=
20
22 = 30 = 1.5
4 60 = 130 + 2022 + 80
4=
Cyl$ O *{ A]l$_
d2 = X2 X = 8 10 = 2
d1 = X1 X = 11 10 = 1,
Al *{ A]l$_,
2 =
x=
fi mi
fi
2015
= 20.15
100
1673
100
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
= 16.73 = 4.09
54 5.5 + 6 54
100
2 160 + 9 58.5 + 29 7 +
fi (mi x)2
fi
{]l*MS ^l]l =
1215 + 165
100
15 + 112.5 + 507.5 +
54 22.5 + 6 27.5
=
100
VSr$
10 & 15
9
15 & 20 29
20 & 25 54
25 & 30
6
ll
100
]l*]l:
4.09
100
20.15
+126.9 + 44.1
100
= 3.42
100
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
= 20.2977
^l]l VS$MS =
N1X1 + N2 X2
N1 + N2
b + 150 b
b 70 + (150 b ) 55
N1 + N2
N1 ( + d
)+ N (
N1 + N2
2
1
+d
N1 ( + d
)+ N (
N1 + N 2
2
1
+d
2
2
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
2 =
2
1
2
2
O yl$ ]l E]l$yl
10,000 + 25,000
150
=
50 + 100
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
N1 + N2
2
1
2
2
2
2
d2 = X2 X A A]l$MS$s....
60 =
N1 = b, X1 = 70 Kgs,
1 = 10 Kgs,
N2 = 150 b, X2 = 55 Kgs,
2 = 15 Kgs.
d1 = X1 X = 70 60 = 10
d2 = X2 X = 55 60 = 5
d1 = X1 X,
X=
QMS >[&6
]l*]l:
lVS $ Q = b A]l$MS$s...
MS Q = 150 b A]l#l$.
$]l$ lls ]lV>]l*, MS]l$ y ]lV>]l* VS_]lrl,
35,000
= 233.33
150
n2 1
12
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
10 60 = 440 + 20 X2
20 X2 = 600 440 = 160
X2 = 160/20 = 8
40 11 + 20 X 2
40 + 20
N1X1 + N2 X2
N1 + N2
10 =
X=
N2 = 20, X2 = ?, 22 = ?
E:
60 >$$]l JMS $ AMS]l$l]l$, l$$ ]l$V> 10, 4. D $Z 40 >$
AMS]l$l]l$, l$$ ]l$V> 11, 2.25 Al $W]l 20 >$ AMS]l$l]l$,
l$]l$ MS]l$MPyl.
( , l$l, 2003)
]l*]l:
40 >$]l$ lls ]lV>, $W]l 20 >$]l$ y ]l V>]l* .
Ayl$..
= 15.275 MSi$.
VS]l$MS:
1. ]l ]l E]l$yl {]l*MS ^l ]l B* ]l ]lMSVSl {]l*MS
^lZ VSt {]l*MS ^l]l MSs GMS$P]l Er$.
2. lls 'n' f Q {]l*MS ^l]l
= 15.275
ll lVS {]l*MS ^l]l
()
xi2
x
n
( ) ),
()
xi2
x
n
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
D *{ MS*y VS$$^l$M.
E:
JMS lVSZ "9' ]l$ $ $]l# VSr$, {]l*MS ^l$ ]l$V> 43 MSi$,
5 MSi$ B lVSZMS MlV > 63 MSi$ Eyl ^l]l l> l B lVS VSr$ $]l#,
{]l*MS ^l$ MS]l$MPyl.
As >$ ]l>Y ll =
n ( + (x ) )
xi2 = n 2 + x
2 =
22 = 30/20 = 1.5
4 60 = 403.25 + 2022 + 80
40 + 20
40 (2.25 + 1 ) + 20 ( 22 + 4 )
N1 + N 2
4=
2 =
AVS... E]l$yl
d2 = 8 10 = 2
()
20835
452
10
= 2083.5 2025
= 58.5
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
= 7.65
lVS {]l*MS ^l]l = 7.65 MSi$.
]l*]l:
l {M>, {Z lVSZ "9' ]l$ $ $]l# ll = 43 9
= 387 MSi$.
63 MSi $]l#yl ^l]l l$l lVSZ "10' ]l$ $ $]l# ll =
387 + 63 = 450 MSi$.
450 = 45 MSi$.
{$l, lVS VSr$ $]l# = 10
{Z lVSZ "9' ]l$ $ $]l# ]l>Y ll =
= n ( + (x ) )
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
(Measures of Dispersion)
Ml$
QMS >{&7
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
]l*$P$
3 5 10 15 20
$ Q 20 30 40 50 10
ll $ Q 150
9
15
20
3
| xi x |
n
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
>$ VSr$
n >$ Q
xi B* >$$
ll
47
]l*]l: ]l@#]l f]lZ VS^s ]l@# A]l l$.
l ]l$_ VSt B$ = .16,000
MSt B$ = . 1000
= 16000&1000 = . 15,000
VS$MS = 16000&1000/
16000+1000 = 15000/17000 = 0.88
s: $V> VS^^l$a, $V> A]lV>]l ^l$M]l^l$a. M> lZ
]l$ M]lyMS C Al MS_alOl$]l Ml M>l$.
]l$l]l$ ^l]l: lZ >$ VSr$ ]l$_ B* >$ ^l ]l$ ]l
AMS]l$l]l* ]l$l]l$ ^l]l As$. D ^l]lZ VSr$ As AMS]l$l]l$,
]l$lVSl, $MSZ HOl M>^l$a. Il V> AMS]l$l]l* $MS$s. D
^l]l {M> x1, x2, x3,... xn ]l$l ]l$ ^l]l =
1-4
5-8
9 -12
13 - 16
| xi x |
n
= 18/10
= 18
4
2
2
1
0
0
1
1
2
5
xi x
6
6
5
2
0
1
1
4
6
7
= 38
yi y
yi y
194
194
195
198
200
201
201
204
206
207
B${l
$]l# (yi)
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
( n = Ps MSr Q = 10 )
= 1.8 {V>]l$ ......... (1)
Cl lV> ${l B ]l$l]l$ ^l]l
]l$l]l$ ^l]l =
xi x
196
198
198
199
200
200
201
201
202
205
A${l
$]l# (xi)
${l A: 196, 198, 198, 199, 200, 200, 201, 201, 202, 205
${l B: 194, 194, 195, 198, 200, 201, 201, 204, 206, 207.
Il ]l$l]l$ ^l E*W_ ylsZ H ${l GMS$P]l MS_alOl$ MS]l$MPyl.
(, l$&2002)
]l*]l: ${l 'A' ]l$_ MS_]l Ps MSr VSr$ $]l# = Ps MSr
$]l# ll/Ps MSr Q
= 196+198+198+....+205/10
= 2000/10 = 200 {V>]l$
Cl lV> ${l 'B' ]l$_ MS_]l Ps MSr VSr$ $]l#
= 194+194+195+....+207/10
= 2000/10 = 200 {V>]l$
CMSPyl VSr$ $]l# As $]l# AMS]l$l]l$ Al * VS]l$^. yl$
${$ M ^l]l Ps MSr VSr$ $]l#$ ]l*]lV> E. C#yl$ ]l$l]l$
^l E*W_ H ${l Ps MSr $]l#$ GMS$P]l MSyl
{l$* MS]l$V.
xi x
di = x i x
|fidi|
3037.5= 7.5 150
3537.5 = 2.5 75
4037.5 = 2.5 75
4537.5 = 7.5 150
3750
|fidi|=450
(x ) =
f i x i
f i
f i d i 450
=
= 4.5 kgs
100
f i
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
= 3750/100=37.5 kgs
O l AMS]l$l]l$
xi fi
fixi
30 20 600
35 30 1050
40 30 1200
45 20 900
fi=100, fixi=
30
20
35
30
40
30
45
20
ll
100
]l*]l: lZ C_a]l $]l#$ >$$ (xi), ]lMS$ Q]l$ ]l@#$ (fi)
A]l$M stMS^lV> &
(kg)
]l$l]l$ ^l]l =
fi ]l@#]l, di =
xi B* >$$,
>$ VSr$
E: MS l ]l$l]l$ ^l MS]l$MPyl.
$]l#$ ]lMS$ Q
| f id i |
f i
30
20
20
30
| f i di |
f i
xi x
30
20
20
30
15
25
35
45
450
500
700
1350
fixi
450
100
100
450
|fidi|
f x
(x ) = i i
f i
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
O l ]l$l]l$ ^l]l
= 1100/100 = 11 ]l*$P$
s: g*$ Z A]l*]ll$ VS^lyMS V> ]l$l]l$
^ll yl$$.
| f i di |
=
f i
O l AMS]l$l]l$
= 3000/100 = 30 ]l*$P$
|fidi|=1100
1530 = 15
2530 = 5
3530 = 5
4530 = 15
di = x i x
fi=100,fixi=3000
fi
xi
ll
100
]l*]l: lVS ]l$l $]l (xi) = VS$]ll$+GVS$]ll$/2 Al *{
E*W_ B* lVSl$ ]l$l $]l$ MS]l$V stMS^lV> &
10-20
20-30
30-40
40-50
--^l---$ -
-^l--- ]l>Y-$
xn x
;
;
x3 x
x2 x
x1 x
;
;
)
x
(x
(x
(x
(x
);
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
xn
x3
;
;
x2
x1
(x x )
>$-$
(Standard Deviation)
{]l*--MS --^l--]l
QMS >{&8
(x
--^l--- ]l>Y-$
(x
) = 280
40 40-48 = 8
64
50 50-48 = 2
4
60 60-48 = 12
144
40 40-48 = 8
64
50 50-48 = 2
4
(x
(xn) (x x )
--^l---$
>$-$
40 + 50 + 60 + 40 + 50 240
=
= 48
5
5
(x
280
= 56 = 7.48
5
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
= 7.48 $-VS$--$
E: ll-r 'n' -f Q- {]l*--MS ^l-- MS]l$MPyl?
O l {]l*--MS -^l--]l
x =
()
{]l*--MS -^l--]l () =
D *{l -M- {l-MS l->-Z ^ A]l--. E----MS$ C_a-]l >$- AMS-]l$l-]l$
MS-t-V> E]l--yl$, C_a-]l >$Z M ^l->-$-$ E]l---yl$, {]l*--MS ^l--]lZ- -r-]l$ ]l-^l-y--MS y *{- yl-.
E: JMS s-]l*-l l]l _]l- 5 -]l*-^l- Z ^l-]l $-VS$-$ D lV> -E--. 40, 50, 60,
40, 50. Il Al- $-VS$-- {]l*--MS ^l--- MS]l$MPyl?
-]l*--]l: AMS-]l$-l-]l$ ( )
>$- ll/>-$- Q
M>-st Al- $-VS$- AMS-]l$-l-]l$ ( )
2
n
{-]l*--MS -^l--]l () =
-s: -{-]l*--MS -^l--]l $-]l G--yl* l-l-MSV>-l Er$.
{]l*---MS ^l----MS ]l$- -*-{l:
(x )
12
22
32
;
;
+ 2 2 + 32 + ...... + n 2 )
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
n (n + 1)(2n + 1) n + 1
6n
2
2
n
x (x )
n
O l {]l*--MS ^l--]l
n (n + 1)(2n + 1)
6
n (n + 1)(2n + 1)
6
xn2 =
M> l-l r
- 'n' -f Q- ]l>Y- ll
= n2
2
n
x = (1
n
n2
1
2
3
;
;
n n (n + 1) n + 1
=
=
n
2n
2
n =
n2 1
12
100
x
n2 1
12
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
15
12
2
100,
100,
100
50
48
12
n +1 n 1
2 6
n + 1 4 n + 2 3n 3
2
6
n + 1 2n + 1 n + 1
2 3
2
50
10
7.48
100 = 15.58 ___ (1)
48
--^l--- ]l>Y-$
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
100
100-48 = +52
2704
(x
n
(xn) (x x )
--^l---$
>$-$
A, B Cl- VS-r$ $-VS$-$ ]l*-]l M>-st B C-l--Z -MS-yl-V> Byl Br-V>-yl- G-MS
^l*-. -MS-yl-]l$ M-]l-y---MS ^l--]l VS$-MS MS_a-l-Ol$. ll-s E----Z ]l$]l 'A'
40 + 50 + 60 + 40 + 50 240
=
= 48,
5
5
A
B
As ^l--]l VS$-MS MS-tV> (16.66) E]l ]ly Br-V>-yl {-l--]l-Z -MS-yl GMS$P--]l-V> E
(2)
(1), (2) ]l$_ GMS$P-]l $-VS$--$ ^l ]lMS M>-s ll-s Br-V>-yl--; --MS-yl-V> Byl
]lMS M>-s ]ly Br--V>-yl- G-MS ^l-$-M--.
E: Cl-$ s--l$]l$ (A, B) l]l$ _]l- 5 ]l*^l-Z ^l-]l $-VS$--$ D lV> E-.
Il fr$t-Z-MS G]l-- G-MS -^l-*--?
13030
= 2606 = 51.04
5
51.04
100
48
()
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
66 + 42 + 68 + 48 + 61 + 69 354
=
= 59
6
6
(y )
73 + 19 + 63 + 58 + 43 + 39 295
=
= 49.166
6
6
Il i) G]l- {- l$$-V>Y E.
ii) G]l-$ -MS-Oyl-]l {- MS]l---^-$.
]l*--]l: i) -VS-r$ ]l*$P-$ =
ll ]l*$P-$/-S- Q
A
B
(x
(x x ) = 13030
-O l- {]l*--MS ^l--]l =
120
120-48 = +72
5184
5
5-48 = 43
1849
5
5-48 = 43
1849
10
10-48 = 38 1444
5329
361
3969
3364
1849
1521
2
n
= 16,393
16393
2
(49.166 )
6
(1)
2
n
x (x )
n
66
42
68
4356
1764
4624
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
17.74
100 = 36.08
49.166
A - ^l--]l VS$-MS =
= 314.870 = 17.74
= 2732.166 2417.295
A - {-]l*--MS ^l--]l =
73
19
63
58
43
39
'A' MSs 'B' VS-r$ ]l*$P-$ A-MS M>-st 'B' {--- l$$-V>Y El- ^l^l$a.
ii) {--Z- -MS-yl-]l$ M--s ^l--]l VS$-M>-$ MS]l$--MP--.
'A' {]l*--MS ^l--]l
2304
3721
4761
= 21,530
21530
2
(59 )
6
$--yl- ^l^l$a.
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
(2)
(1), (2) ]l$_ 'B' ^l--]l VS$-MS lMS$P-]l M>--st 'A' MSs 'B' ---MS-Oyl-]l {- MS]l--$-
10.36
100 = 17.56
59
B - ^l--]l VS$-MS =
2
n
y (y )
n
D l- {]l*--MS ^l--]l =
2
n
48
61
69
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
O $]l]l$ VS$$^l$M.
21 = 2
22 = 2 2 = 4
23 = 2 2 2 = 8
24 = 2 2 2 2 = 16
AVS 25 = 32
26 = 64,
27 = 128
28 = 256
29 = 512
210 = 1,024.
E:
(596)10 596(10).
O lV> M>MS$y MS]l "596' A > MS*y B Q l>]l*]lZ E]lr$ MSP.
R]l*]l:
"' As yl$ A A . R]l*]lZ ]l$]l "0', "1' Al yl$ AMS]l$ ]l*{ll$
yl. R]l*]lZ H Q A D yl$ AMS ]l*{ll$ Hyl$l$.
R]l*]l AM>s ]ll$V> "2' *]l$ A ^l$M.
"2' *$:
QOMS *l $ Es $]l "1')
20 = 1 (H
System)
]l$]l k ilZ yl QZ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9 Al AMS$ Es. Al$]l D Q]l$
l>]l*]lZ E A As$.
E:
]l$]l l ilZ yl A Q$.
HOl JMS Q l>]l*]lZ E A *_^s MS l V> >. (Decimal
R]l*]l
26
13 0
61
30
11
0 1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
21
0
150
75 0
37 1
18 1
9 0
4 1
2 0
0
1
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
"26']l$ "2' W VS "13', "0' ]l$. MSP]l >>. "13']l$ ]l$ "2'
W VS "6', "1' ]l$. D lV> VS "0' ]l^lal]lMS$ "2' W*
. ]l_a]l ]l$ ("0' "1') MSP]l >*. Cyl$ ]l_a]l ]l$ MS ]l$_ OMS
>*. C > ]l$]lMS$ "11010' ]l$. Cl ]l$]lMS$ M>]l R]l* ]lZ Q.
As (26)10 = (11010)2
(11010)2 A > "11010' Al Q R]l*]lZ E]lr$ A. l 11010(2) A
MS*y >$]l^l$a.
E: (150)10 R]l*]lZMS ]l*ayl.
l]l:
2
2
2
2
2
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
l]l:
C_a]l {Z Q$ R]l*]lZ E. s l>]l*]lZMS ]l*
E:
MS R{Z R N^lyl.
As (1011011)2 = (91)10
D lV> JMS Q]l$ R]l*]l ]l$_ l>]l*]lZMS l>]l*]l ]l$_
R]l*]lZMS ]l*a]l^l$a.
64 + 16 + 8 + 2 + 1 = 91
]l*]l "91'
E:
(1011011)2]l$ l>]l*]lZMS ]l*ayl.
l]l:
C_a]l Q 1 0 110 1 1
"2' *$ 643216 8 4 2
(11010)2 = (26)10
(150)10 = (10010110)2
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
16 8 4 2 1 16 8 4 2 1 16 8 4 2 1
11101
16 8 4 2 1
= 16 + 1, 16 + 4, 16 + 4 + 2 + 1, ,
16 + 8 + 4 + 1
= 17, 20, 23, , 29.
l]l:
C_a]l { l>]l*]lZMS ]l*
1 0 0 0 1, 1 0 1 0 0, 1 0 1 1 1, ,
2 7
2 31
2 11
01
(7)10 = (111)2
0 0 1 0, 0 0 1 1, 0 1 0 1, , 1 0 1 1
8 4 2 1, 8 4 2 1, 8 4 2 1, , 8 4 2 1
= 2, 2 + 1, 4 + 1, , 8 + 2 + 1
= 2, 3, 5, , 11
26
13
6
3
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
]l*$
1. 1000000000 (1 MSP]l "9'$$)
2. "170'
3. G) 11001
) 1000
) 0111
{MSt MSal
1. "512']l$ R]l*]lZMS ]l*ayl.
2. (10101010)2]l$ l>]l*]lZMS ]l*ayl.
3. MS R{Z R]l$ N^lyl.
G) 00001, 00100, 01001, 10000, ____
) 0010 , 0100, 0110, , 1010
) 0001, 0011, 0101, , 1001
As (26)10 = (11010)2
]l*]l & "11010' A]l#l$.
2
2
2
2
2