Jennifer Boggs

May 3, 2016
Enlish 1020 Monsters
Invisible Pain, Invisible Tears

Table of Contents
1.A Shocking Skit
2. A Secret Diary
3Advice Column.
.4.Invisible Pain, Invisible Tears poem
5.Magazine Article
6. A Deep Conversation
7. The AD
.

Emotional abuse can be a difficult subject for some people. Some people believe that
there is no such thing as emotional abuse and that only physical abuse is what matters. This essay
is to prove them wrong. Emotional abuse is just as bad, if not worse, than physical abuse.

Set stage: Marie is in the kitchen cooking dinner. She stares solemnly into the spaghetti. As she
stirs, she contemplates the life she is currently living. She and her boyfriend have been together
for 3 years and in 3 years many things have changed. When the relationship first started things
were great. Johnny was very kind and gentle in the beginning, he made Marie laugh and smile
every time they were together. After a few months of dating, Johnny asked Marie to move in
with him and she declined. Marie wanted to be married before she lived with a man. It didnt
take long but Johnny convinced Marie to move in and they would be married shortly after. Three
years later and they still werent married and Marie wanted to make sure they never did. Marie,
still stirring spaghetti, looks up at the clock and sighs. Johnny will be home any minute.
Johnny walks in the front door, kicks off his boots and goes straight into the kitchen. Marie is
always in the kitchen cooking dinner when he gets home, as she should be, and dinner is to
always be on the table after his shower.
Johnny: Whats for dinner?
Marie: Spaghetti
Johnny (irritated): damn it Marie, didnt we just have that the other day? What made you think I
would want that crap again? I swear youre so stupid sometimes.
Marie (voice strained): We had it last week and there was nothing else to cook. You still havent
given me any grocery money.

Johnny: Whatever! I gave you money just the other day! What did you spend it on?
Marie(angry): You havent given me any money in three weeks! This is the last of the food, what
would you have me do?
Johnny: How about get off your lazy ass and go get a job? You dont do anything all day but sit
and watch TV.
Marie(furious): You told me not to get a job! You told me I was too stupid to work and that the
only thing I could do was clean the house and try not to mess up raising our son!
Johnny(laughing): I never said that Marie. See youre making things up again. I swear you need
a doctor to fix that damaged brain of yours. Make me a damn plate of food and smother it in
cheese. You cant cook for shit anyway.
Johnny walks out of the kitchen, laughing loudly. Marie grabs the cheese from the refrigerator
and
makes the plates. As she covers one plate fully with cheese, she wipes the tears from her face.

Later that evening. Marie sitting in the living room reading a book. Johnny sitting in his chair
watching TV when the phone rings.
Johnny to Marie: the phone is ringing Marie, get the damn phone!
Marie gets up and answers the phone
Marie: Hello? Oh, hey mom, how are you. Yes, just a second.
Marie walks into the other room, picks up the phone and sits down to talk to her mother. After
half an hour Marie returns to the living room and picks up her book.
Johnny: did you have fun whining to your mother?
Marie: I didnt whine to my mom. We just had a normal conversation.
Johnny: oh? And what did you two talk about?
Marie: Just this and that, nothing to interesting. Not that its any of your business.
Johnny(enraged):It isnt my business huh? You live in my house and everything little thing you
do is my business Marie! If it werent for me, you would be homeless and starving!
Johnny has gotten up from his seat and is towering over Marie, who is shrunk down into her
chair, trembling.

Johnny: How dare you think you can keep anything from me! You better watch that attitude girl
or youll end up out on your ass, living in the streets and Ill make sure you never see the kid
again.
Marie(in near hysterics): Ill go to court, you will never keep my son from me!
Johnny(laughing): wow Marie, youre stupid and crazy. What judge is going to give a child to
someone homeless and jobless. You couldnt even take care of him. Youll be out in the streets
with bums as your only company, so you better straighten up and remember whos boss.
Johnny stood up and strode out the room, confident that he had won the battle. Little did he know
that the conversation Marie had with her mother was about her escape. Marie would leave with
her son to her mothers house and Johnny would never see them again.
Emotional abuse is very real. It happens every day and is difficult to recognize. Unlike other
forms of abuse, emotional abuse leaves no marks or bruises because the damage is on the inside.
Unfortunately for victims of emotional abuse, the pain they have experienced is rarely visible to
the naked eye, (Sims 2008) There is still controversy about whether or not emotional abuse is a
legitimate form of abuse. This skit is but a sample of what emotional abuse is and what all can
happen in these relationships. Emotional abuse, in a way, is the worst form of abuse because
bones and bruises heal fairly quickly compared to the mind. This form of abuse is a lot more
common but isnt a subject we hear much about in society. Nearly one-quarter of women in the
U.S. are victims of severe physical violence at the hands of their partners at some point in their
lives, but nearly twice as many endure psychological aggression, ( Ginny Graves) Emotional
abuse happens twice as often as physical abuse, but it is something that is rarely covered in the
media. It is troubling that emotional abuse happen more often than physical abuse and yet some
will argue that it isnt even abuse. Emotional abuse is the worst kind of abuse.

Dear diary
Today was not a good day. Daniel was in a foul mood. I understand he was mad. I would be mad
too if I got chided at work in front of a bunch of people, but he really need to be so rude to me.
Maybe if I had hung his shirts up right, he wouldnt have screamed at me and called me such

horrible names. I know he is really mad when he calls me his favorite nickname, stupid cunt. I
remember the first time he said it, he made sure I knew exactly what it meant. He said it was a
woman who was basically worthless. I woman who was only good for one thing, to lay on her
back, shut up and take it. His exact words: a cum dumpster. I cant think of a more horrible thing
to call someone. What happened to the old Daniel? The one I fell in love with. Three years ago I
would have never thought he would turn into this monster. Someone who could hurt me so
deeply with just a few words. Where did I go wrong? What did I do to deserve this? I am so tired
of him talking about how fat I am. What else does he expect when he keeps bringing home all
this crap food. Donuts this morning, ice cream last nights and he has brought home left over
Chinese several days this week. I dont know why I keep eating. I know that after I eat it he is
going to call me a fat ass and tell me Im never going to be attractive if I keep eating. Its like he
does it on purpose. He brings home food just so he has a reason to be mean to me. The other day,
I really thought he was going to hit me. We had a fight and when we fight, its actually him
fighting and me just standing there. I learned long ago that it was better to just be quiet, he
calmed down faster when you didnt fight back. Unfortunately for me, I didnt feel like being
quiet that day. I was making breakfast the other day, when I burned some toast. The toast wasnt
even really burned, it was just a little more brown than Daniel likes it but dark brown toast was
such a big deal. He started calling me stupid, and saying what an idiot I must be since I cant
even make toast. I made the mistake of opening my mouth and saying that he was over reacting,
that it was just a piece of bread. He became furious and backed me into a corner, screaming at
the top of his lungs. He kept saying that he wasnt over reacting and that I was a moron who
couldnt even make toast. That is when he raised his fist and punched the wall beside my head. I
swear, all that shit over some over brown bread. I dont know why he got so upset over such a
little thing. Thats just Daniel though, always getting upset over ridiculous things. Its difficult to
deal with every day but somehow I manage. Maybe one day I will get away, but that day is not
today. So I will put this diary back in its hiding place and hope I have better news next time.

The cruelty of emotional abuse knows no bounds. The abuser will say and do anything to
keep the victim under control. A popular tactic of emotional abuse is something called the
gaslight effect. Gaslighting is when a person twists or contorts reality in order to control another
person. This form of control can be subtle at first but will become very apparent in time. stage
one is characterized by disbelief (Robin Stern) At first a person may not know what is going on
or they will be confused and not be able to believe another human being is acting this way.
stage two is marked by the need to defend yourself (Robin Stern) When the victim realizes
what is going on, they will try and stand up for themselves. Sometimes this has little to no affect
and can even make things worse. stage three gaslighting is the most difficult of all: depression
(Robin Stern) When the victim has lost all hope in being able to break free of the gaslighter, the
victim will go into a form of depression. The gaslight effect can make the victim doubt their self
and believe all hope is lost. The gaslight effect is just one more way emotional abusers control
and abuse a person. It is a cruel way to make the victim doubt everything they know. The
Gaslight effect doesnt just happen in intimate relationships. Gaslighters and gaslightees can be
of either gender, and Gaslighting can happen in any type of relationship (Robin Stern) It can
happen between two coworkers, with a parent or even sometimes with a mutual friend.
Gaslighting may not seem cruel but when the victim is so confused and distraught that they are
doubting their own mind, this is where the line is drawn.

QuestionIt!!!
Advice column

From: Thatgirl65
Date: March 7, 2029
Subject: Help?

Ok so I know this is an odd question but I think I am being abused. I know I know obviously if I was
being beaten I would know I was being abused, but he doesnt hit me. In fact he has never laid a hand on
me, but the mean and hurtful things he says just cant be normal. So my question is, if he doesnt hit me
but his words hurt is it abuse or am I over reacting? Please help!!!

From: Witchwitwings7
Date: March 7, 2029
Subject: Response
First off let me say that if you think you are being abused, then you probably are. If a man is saying things
just to hurt or control you then it is definitely abuse. He may not be beating you physically, but it sounds
like emotional abuse to me. I would need more info of course but just from that bit of information from
you, it dont sound good.

From: Str8hater50
Date: March 8, 2029
Subject: Response
Your over reacting, words dont hurt.

From: Butterfligurl
Date: March 8, 2029
Subject: Response
Dont listen to that asshole, words do hurt. Verbal abuse is a very real thing and can cause long term
damage on the brain. If a man is saying mean things to you and you have told him how you feel and he
still dont stop then he is definitely an abuser and you need to dump his ass. You deserve so much better.
Keep strong sweet heart.

From: Thatgirl65
doubting their own mind, this is where the line is drawn.
Date: March 8, 2029
Subject: Response
Thanks you guys for your responses. No he doesnt hit me, but he does call me stupid, worthless, and lots of other
names. He is constantly telling me how I aint worth shit and how he wastes money on me. Today he told me if I
didnt get out of his face than he would lock me in the closet. I was just sitting in the living room, not like I was
really bothering him of anything. I swear sometimes I wish I could just crawl under a rock somewhere and never
be found.
From: Witchwitwings7
Date: March 9, 2029
Subject: Response
OK, that is definitely abuse!!! You cant let him get away with that. You should do some research on emotional
abuse to find out exactly what it is and how you can deal with it and get help. I learned the hard way that living
under the cloud of emotional abuse does affect one's health and well being. ( Globus-Goldberg, Nancy) That is an actual
quote from a very good journal article. Just start googling emotional abuse and see what you can come up with.
Emotional abuse is a very bad thing and you dont deserve that crap. I wish you the best hunny.
From: Livordie63
Date: March 9, 2029
Subject: Response
This is such a load of shit, you arent being abused. Everyone knows what abuse really is, we see it on the news all
the time. Some bitch got her face smashed in by her drunk husband, now thats abuse. You are just whining!!!! If
he tells you to stop bothering him, then just do it. If he tells you your cooking is aweful, then it is and he just wants
you to cook better!! Its really not that difficult. You just need to toughen up and deal with it. Sounds like to me
that he is paying all the bills, so you should consider yourself lucky. Just suck it up!!!!
From: lillygal69<3
Date: March 10, 2029
Subject: Response
Dont listen to that idiot sweetie, he obviously has no clue what he is talking about. I did some research for you
online. Sometimes verbal abuse is so bad that you actually start believing what your partner says. (types of
abuse) Girl dont you believe anything that man says. He dont know shit. You are a beautiful person and you
deserve someone who is going to treat you right. Oh and btw dont let that man blame any of his abuse on you.
emotional abuse is never your fault. (types of abuse) See chick? It is never your fault when someone else tries to
hurt or control you. I hope you find your path and are able to get away. Try to keep us posted

From: Thatgirl65
Date: March 11, 2029
Subject: Response
Thank you every one for your help. It is good to know what there are still decent people out there.
Thank you for your support. I have been doing some research online and even made a few phone calls.
I have started making plans to leave. This advice column has really helped me. I have also learned a
few things from my research. This study supports previous research efforts that have
noted a significant relationship between level of depression and level of psychological abuse
(Kelly, Pg.56) This quote came from a journal article that was very helpful. The article was talking
about how emotional abuse often causes depression. That might be why I have been feeling so down
lately. Well anyway, thanks again guys and yes, I will keep you guys updated.

To many people poetry is a form of art. For year, Art has been a form of self-expression
and a sharing of ones opinion. What better way to show the reader what pain is cause by
emotional abuse that with a deep and sorrowful poem.

Invisible
The pain so strong, so real and so deep
Is something that no other pain could compete.
A vicious monster or a tempered child
Will make you wonder if he was born in the wild
The tongue is a weapon of very sharp steal
One that takes no care of how you feel
Invisible pain, invisible tears
A demon with no love or any fears

Struggling to rise every day

That fake smile in place to stay
Time passes by in a blur

But no emotion is allowed to stir

You finally know when the battle is lost
When you have given up hope and called them the boss
The name of the game is control and hate
Do what youre told and never be late
Invisible pain, invisible tears
Backed into a corner, with eyes like a deers

People walk by unaware of the burden

Because she hides those feelings under a curtain
If you ask, she will say oh I am fine
But she isnt the person to cry or whine
So she bottles it up inside
Until she is consumed and eventually dies
The abuse is very real no matter what is said
The victim grows depressed and refuses to get out of bed
Invisible pain, invisible tears
A shortening of a beautiful souls years

To seek so hard for a man to love

And be pushed to fly to the sky above
The moment that me has started to flip
That solid mask is starting to slip
He told you that mouth can get you in trouble
When he starts to advance, thats when you stumble
The fall is hard, a blow to the head
A few seconds pass, everything is red

Invisible pain, invisible tears

A monster that embodies all of your fears
A black curtained room with friends and family
People that love you and will miss you badly
They speak fondly of you in front of each other
Secretly they wonder if they should blame the mother
But none know the truth of this horrible event
love turned to hate, her hope was soon spent
found by the demon in charge of her pain
he blamed her of course, said she was insane
Invisible pain, invisible tears
She hid so well that the end was near

This future is not set in stone

It doesnt have to happen, you are not alone
Talk to your family and friends
You can decide how this story ends
Its time to sever this monsters control
No longer to bare the demons strong hold
Look to the sky, for the strength that you seek
And remember he makes all his children unique
Invisible pain, invisible tear
Your future is bright, youre in the clear

There are things a person can do to help themselves when they are being emotionally abused.
The first step for a woman to take is to admit to herself that she is being abused and that she is
not being treated fairly. (Kie-vining parg.5) If a person doesnt believe they are being abused
then they will not know to seek help. When a person doesnt seek help, things will progressively

get worse. Some victims will develop a coping mecanism called walking on egg shells. This is
where the victim learns what triggers an episode with the abuser. Recovery from walking on
eggshells requires removing focus from the repair of your relationship, or your
partner, and placing it squarely on your personal healing. (stosny Ph.D. parg.7) The
next step to recovery is to start for the victim focusing on themselves. For them to
work on dealing with all the trauma they have endured. Seek help from friends and
family, they want to help . Emotional abuse is a monstrous act and it is not
something anyone should bare alone.

NewHope Magazine
Author, Jennifer Boggs, is a
sophomore at Auburn
university Montgomery. Her
topic of Emotional abuse was
an assignment for her
English class.

The Silent Ones

Mark and Jessie have been together for 4 years, they have two beautiful sons and seem to live a
happy life. They go to all kinds of gathering with family and friends. They get along with
everyone. Everyone always said how well behaved their kids were, and how they were real quiet
sweethearts. Yes, the Crow family seemed to have a perfect life and a perfect family. If people
knew what was going on inside and behind closed doors, they would know the family wasnt so
perfect.
Emotional abuse is something that can be hid very well, when you dont know what emotional
abuse looks like. It doesnt leave bruises or scars so it damages the mind and not the body. The
mind is a bit harder to heal. When it comes to more severe forms of destructiveness, purely
emotional abuse is usually more psychologically harmful than physical abuse. (Stosny Ph.D,
parg.8) Emotional abuse is in a way a bit worse than physical abuse. Emotional abuse actually
happens more often than physical abuse. Emotional abuse, on the other hand, tends to happen
every daythe effects are more harmful because theyre more frequent. (Stosny Ph D, parg 8)
Think of a person getting physically abused everyday, how much harm that would do? The
media portrays Physical abuse stories, but not many stories of Emotional abuse. ) a police report
cannot be filed for a stolen self or a broken self-esteem and a picture cannot be taken of a
bruised and battered soul, emotional abuse is often neglected in public discourse about
domestic violence and abuse.(sims, Pg.377) The media is a direct influence on what the
audience knows. Many of the victims dont know they are being abused. How can I explain to
someone else that I didnt know it was okay to leave, because I didnt know I was being
abused? (page 381 paragraph 4) The answer: You cant. If a person doesnt know that
Emotional abuse is a real thing and something can be done about it, then they wont leave. Years
will go by that the abuse will slowly chip away every part of the person that they were.
Sometimes verbal abuse is so bad that you actually start believing what your partner says.
(types of abuse) The abuser wants control and manipulate you because he feels weak and
helpless in the real world. He has low self-esteem. (Kie-vining, parg.3) The abuser tears
another person down to build themselves up. Emotional abuse is a a well kept secret especially in
the Crow Family.
This seemingly perfect family had problems of their own. The father was a mean drunk,
amazingly he never hit the kids but the mouth he had on him could cut through diamond. The
boys were often told to go to bed and the mother made sure to always give them their allergy
medicine. On some nights though, the older son would wake and would hear what was going on
in the other room. Sometimes he would hear people laughing and singing, and other times he
would hear yelling and screaming. It all depend on the day. You see the yelling and screaming

didnt start until everyone went home. That is when things became the scariest. One night, the
boy woke and heard his mother screaming, get off of me, get off of me, over and over again.
The boy got out of bed and went to the living room. What he saw was his mother being held
down by the arm and the throat. His father was yelling, Shut up at full volume. The little boy,
frightened by what be saw said, mom? The father, startled, What the fuck are you doing in
here, Timmy? Get your ass to bed now! With that Timmy ran back to his room and jumped into
bed. He lay there shaking for what seemed to be hours. He didnt hear anything for the rest of the
night.
There are many forms of abuse, but Emotional abuse seems to be the worst one. It may be
difficult to recognize but its out there and it happens a lot more than people think. They play on
their wives' guilt (If you loved me, you would) They are closed-minded and believe their way
is the only way. (Kie-vining, parg.4) Reverse psychology is a way of manipulation, that means
that it is a form of abuse. This is just another sneaky way they are controling the victim. 22
of those participants who reported no distress within their current relationship were assessed as
being involved in a controlling or abusive relationship. Control is the main reason for emotional
abuse. Emotional abusers have many different tactics to get control. They will scream,
manipulate, threaten, break things. if the intent is to hurt, denigrate or intimidate, the act is
judged abusive.(Berg-cross, parg.2) Then there is the other side of emotional abuse. The
nonviolent form of emotional abuse is like giving their partner the cold shoulder. The abuser will
shut the victim out. This makes a person feel sad and lonely, like their feelings dont matter.
These are all forms of emotional abuse and every one of them has the potential to cause damage.
Late one night, after the kids had been send to bed, Mark and Jessie decided to have a little get
together. Many drinks were had and everyone was having a good time when suddenly Mark and
Jessie started fighting. They were yelling back and forth trying to scream at each other, over the
music. Mark was calling Jessie some very ugly names. One thing led to another and Mark had
pulled his gun out from behind the couch and had it pointed straight at Jessie. Mark shifted the
gun to the other side of Jessie and shot right beside her. Jessie went ballistic and started
screaming, you could have killed me. What the hell were you thinking.. She then proceeded to
pick up a chair and hit him over the side with it. There was blood everywhere. Tommy walked
into the living room to find his dad covered in blood. When Tommy gasped at all the blood,
Jessie screamed, get your ass back to bed boy and dont you move for the rest of the fucking
night. Tommy ran back to bed. One thing was for certain, the Crow family was no longer under
cover, people heard the shots and came running. People saw the blood and came with questions.
Of course, people started running their mouth as soon as they could. It was a juicy story. The
seemingly perfect family was in fact a crazy family.
The moral of the story is no one really knows what goes on behind closed doors. A verbal abuser
and all around jerk. Jessie was more than able to put up a fight, shooting a gun just feet from her
is a sick joke. People hide their true feelings very well and you would never know anything was
wrong.

An Important Conversation

Jasmine is sitting in the waiting room of her psychologists office. Ever since she and her husband
Split, she has been seeing Mrs. Springs.
Jasmine, she is ready for you, the secretary said in a cheery voice.
Jasmine walked into the somewhat familiar room and was already starting to feel more relaxed.
Mrs. Springs walks into the room.
Hey Jasmine, how you doing today?
Im doing fine
Thats good, do you have anything new that you want to talk about?
Well, I have been feeling a bit more depressed this week.
oh I see, well did anything happen this week?
No, not that I can remember. It was just a normal week.
So why do you think you are feeling more depressed this week?
My soon to be ex husband thought he could add me on facebook. I denied and deleted the
request so he wont be trying anything funny.
Mrs.Springs gave Jasmine a surprised look, oh so you knew what was bothering you and you
just wanted me to guess huh?
Sorry, I kind of just figured it out sitting here.
Thats alright, so he tried to add you on facebook, how does that make you feel?
Jasmine looked down in thought, Im not sure really, I guess kind of angry at myself for
wanting to add him.
Do you still have feelings for him?
Jasmine started to tear up, I dont know why, but I do, I do have feelings for him. They arent
real though. He didnt love me at all.
your feelings were real jasmine, even if his werent.
I want to start back sewing and reading again. After a couple years together, I had forgotten I
even knew how to sew.
Thats wonderful, you should have hobbies. You deserve to be happy jasmine.

Jasmine smiled and looked back down, Sometimes I still feel like I will never be rid of him.
It just takes time for everything to heal, the mind can be a tricky thing but time heals all
wounds. Although before you can start healing and move on from him, you must come to terms
with being an emotional abuse victim.
I know, but its difficult to think of myself as a victim. I have always thought I was pretty strong
for surviving the past few years.
Jasmine, it is time that you started working on yourself, treat yourself and your overall wellbeing will improve.
Yes, I think I will start with a pedicure. Its been a very long time since I had one of those. It
would be nice to be able to do something for myself.
You are a free woman now, you no longer have anyone controlling you.
Your right Mrs. Springs, I dont have anyone over me and telling me what to do. I dont have to
have food on the table a specific time or deal with the consequences. I dont have anyone telling
me I cant go see my friends and family. There is no one to control me!
Thats the spirit, you must learn to enjoy your life now.
I feel much better than I did when I came in. Thank you Mrs. Springs.
Youre more than welcome. Ill see you same time next week. Remember to keep your head up,
things will keep improving for you.

I chose a conversation for this part of my paper. I wanted to show the mental damage that
emotional abuse victims can get after a few years of abuse. The young woman still has feelings
for the man that has been abusing her for years. How can I explain to someone else that I didnt
know it was okay to leave, because I didnt know I was being abused? (Sims, page 381 ) Many
women who are being abused dont know it or they know something is wrong but they dont
know that it is abuse. ..even more perplexing, why when they do leave, they come back an
average of seven times (Graves, prag.14) These abusers have a very strong hold on the victims
mind. They eventually start to believe all the bad things that are being said to them. Eventually,
they start to believe that they cannot survive without that other person. With the help of a
therapist, a person should be able to fully recover from the abuse that has been done to them.
Being abused in any way is never okay. Remember that the abuse is never your fault.

Chitchat
With Wonda Springs

Are you feeling Sad? Lonely? Depressed?

Are you going through a divorce?
Have you ever been a victim of abuse?
Do you feel hopeless and wonder why you exist?
If you answered yes to any of these questions, then we are the place for you!
Wonda Springs has been a licensed psychologist for over 20 years and she
Wont quit till your back happy and satisfied.
Wonda Springs grew up in southern California, where she went to school and graduated with her Masters
Degree. After graduation she went all across the United States helping people come to terms with their past
so they could move on to another future. She worked for three years in a rehab Clinique, where she helped
many people get clean from drugs and alcohol. Wonda Springs has never given up on a case and she is
bound and determined to help as many people as possible.
Wonda Springs has helped thousands of people, and she can help you to

For more information please call 18000000

Works Cited Page

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Psychology - Continuing
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Health Problems Globus-Goldberg, Nancy. "An Emotional Abuse Survivor's Story: Nancy."
Ending Violence against Women. Springtide Resources, 1995-1999. Web. 19
Apr. 2016.
Graves, Ginny. "When Love Turns to Fear." Good Housekeeping 262.3 (2016):
72-75. MasterFILE Premier [EBSCO]. Web. 25 Feb. 2016.
Continuing Education Website. Web. 02 Mar. 2016.

Karakurt, Gnnur, and Kristin E. Silver. "Emotional Abuse in Intimate Relationships: The
Role of Gender and Age." Violence and Victims Violence 28.5 (2013): 804-21. AUM
Library. Web. 26 Mar. 2016.
Kelly, Virgina, Kelly Warner, Courtenay Trahan, and Karen Miscavage. "The
Relationship
Among Self-Report and Measured Report of Psychological Abuse, and
Depression for a Sample
of Women Involved in Intimate Relationships With Male Partners." Family
Journal 17.1 (2009):
51- 57. Web. 25 Feb. 2016
Kie-vining, John. "Why Do Men Abuse Their Wives? God's Hope Is Available."
Preach It, Teach It.
Family Ministery Publications, 2010. Web. 02 Mar. 2016.
Ph.D, Steven Stosny. "What Drives Emotional Abuse and How to Begin to
Recover." Psychology
Today. Compassionpower, 10 June 2015. Web. 27 Mar. 2016.
Sims, Christy-Dale L. "Invisible Wounds, Invisible Abuse: The Exclusion of
Emotional Abuse in
Newspaper Articles." Journal of Emotional Abuse 8.4 (2008): 375-402. Web.
26 Mar. 2016.

Stern, Robin. The Gaslight Effect: How to Spot and Survive the Hidden Manipulation
Others Use to Control Your Life. London: Fusion, 2008. Print
"Types of Abuse Www.loveisrespect.org." Wwwloveisrespectorg. Love Is
Respect Org. Web. 23
Mar. 2016.