Intensive

SCIENCE
SCIENCE

FOR
FOR
FORM
FORM 333
FOR FORM

WWW.SMKSP.COM

SCIENCE INTENSIVE PROGRAMME FOR FROM 3

CHAPTER 2 : BLOOD CIRCULATION AND TRANSPORT
SMK SUNGAI PASIR , O8OOO SUNGAI PETANI , KEDAH DARULAMAN.
TEL : 04-421 1764 FAX : 422 0203 LAMAN WEB : WWW.SMKSP.COM

1 Human Blood Circulatory System is the transport

5 The function of the heart is to pump blood to all parts

of the body.

system which consists of heart, blood vessels and blood.

Human Blood Circulatory System

Heart

Blood Vessels

Blood

2 Functions of the human blood circulatory system :

Transport useful substances :
oxygen, nutrients, hormones and antibodies to
all part of the body.
Transport waste products :
carbon dioxide, urea, excess water/mineral salts.
3 Human blood circulatory system act as a system of
tubes with a pump (heart) and valves that ensure
one-way flow of blood.
4 Blood flow in the human blood circulatory system can
be divided into two paths :
Pulmonary Circulation :

6 The valves prevent backflow of blood therefore

ensures the blood flow in one direction.
7 Blood vessels are tubes in the body that channel blood.
There are 3 types of blood vessel :

- Transports deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs

- Transports oxygenated blood from lungs to heart

Systemic Circulation
Characteristics

- Transports oxygenated blood and useful substances

from heart to all parts of the body (except lungs)
- Transports deoxygenated blood from all parts of the
body (except lungs) to heart

Artery

Vein

Capillary

Thickness of wall

Thick

Thin

Blood flow
Blood pressure

Fast

Slow

Very slow

High

Low

Very low

Cross section

Pulmonary Circulation
(From heart to lungs

very thin(one
-cell thick)

and back to heart)

8 Constituents of blood and their functions :

Constituents of blood
Systemic Circulation

Blood
cells

(From heart to all parts

of the body except

Plasma
Transport

lungs and back to

heart)

Red
blood cells

White
blood cells

Platelets

Transport

Protect body

Helps blood

oxygen

clotting

medium

9 The ABO System group human blood grouped into

four groups called A, B, AB and O.

16 Functions of the stomata :

Allow water vapour to diffuse during transpiration.
Allow the exchange of gases during photosynthesis
and respiration.

10 During blood transfusion, the donor's blood must be

compatible with the recipient's blood to prevent blood
agglutinate (clump together) and cause fatal blockage
in the recipient's blood vessels.
Recipient's
blood group

O
A
B
AB

17 The size of the stoma is controlled by the guard cells.

Donor's blood group

A
X

B
X
X

AB
X
X
X

18 Roles of transpiration :
Helps in absorption and transportation of water
and minerals in plants.
Supplies water for photosynthesis
Loses excess water
Maintains freshness of plant cells.
Cools the plant by evaporation during hot weather.

X Incompatibles

Compatibles

Universal Donor
People with blood group O
is able to donate blood to all the blood groups

Universal Recipient
19 Factors that affect the rate of transpiration :

People with blood group AB

is able to receive from all the blood groups

Factors
Temperature
Increase
Air movement
Increase
Light intensity
Increase
Humidity
Increase

11 Blood donation needed for treatment of accident or surgery.

The donated blood (usually 450 ml /1 pint or less e.g.400 ml)
can save the live of others.

12 The donated blood can be used either as unfiltered

blood or separated into components :
Component
Plasma

Rate of transpiration
increase

increase

increase

decrease

20 The transport system in plants consists of xylem and

phloem which are found in the leaves, stems and roots
To show the transport of water through xylem

Main uses
Great loss of blood in surgery & chilbirth

Red Blood Cells Anaemia

Platelets

Bone marrow failure, Leukaemia

13 Donated blood is collected in sterile plastic bags that

contain an anticoagulant to prevent clotting as well as
preservatives to keep the red blood cells alive.
14 Screening tests are performed for evidence of donor
infection with hepatitis, AIDS and others sexual
transmitted diseases.
To show the transport of synthesised food through phloem

15 Transpiration is a process of losing water (water

vapour) from the plants.
Transpiration occurs through the stomata / stoma of the leaves