TRHO

Explanation

To share the load between the cells, the MSC may request the BSC to
perform a specified number of handovers from one specified cell
(high load) to other specified adjacent cells which have less load.
The BSC examines if there are any calls that can be handed over
from the serving cell to some of these specified adjacent cells. In
this case it suffices that the specified adjacent cells satisfy the
following equation (3) in addition to the basic equation 1.
EQUATION 3.

AV_RXLEV_NCELL (n) > TrhoTargetLevel (n) + MAX (0, Pa) ; Where Pa = ( MsTxPwrMaxGSM1x00 (ADJ)
(n) - P )
EQUATION 1.

AV_RXLEV_NCELL (n) > RxLevMinCell (n) + MAX (0, Pa) Where Pa = ( MsTxPwrMaxGSM1x00 (ADJ) (n) P)
EQUATION 2.

PBGT (n) > HoMarginPBGT (n)

The parameter TRHO target level(n) (TRHO) (set for each adjacent cell) is the level which the
signal level AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) of the adjacent cell (n) must exceed before the traffic reason
handover to the adjacent cell (n) is possible.
MS txpwr max gsm(n) (PMAX1)-P or MS txpwr max gsm1x00(n) (PMAX2)-P, depending on the frequency
band, is the difference between the maximum RF power that an MS is permitted to use on a traffic
channel in the adjacent cell (n) and the maximum power of the MS (P).

The following figure shows the

process leading to a traffic reason handover.

Note

Traffic reason handover from the serving cell to the

adjacent cell in question is disabled when the value of the
parameter TRHO target level is 'not used.
The target cells for traffic reason handover are ranked only
according to radio link properties. Priority levels are not
used.

Traffic Reason Handover

(BSC Initiated)
Serving cell with load >
amhUpperLoadThreshold
Must not be used
together with
MSC initiated handover
Deactivation
amhTrhoPbgtMargin = N

Ranking of adjacent
cells only according RX
level
Check of adjacent cells with
condition 1a for trhoTargetLevel
condition 2a for
amhTrhoPbgtMargin

Yes
Power budget
<
hoMarginPGBT
Traffic
reason
handover

Adjacent cell with

sufficient RX level / power
budget load <
amhMaxLoadOfTgtCell

Power budget
>=hoMarginPGB
T
Power
budget
handover

No

Handover
failure

BSC Initiated TRHO

To avoid an overload situation, the BSC can initiate a
handover, if the load of the serving cell exceeds the
percentage defined by the parameter
amhUpperLoadThreshold (AUT)(BSC)(0..100)(80).
Like for the MSC initiated traffic reason handover, the
adjacent cells are ranked only according their RX levels. A
target cell must fulfil condition (1a) for the threshold
trhoTargetLevel, and condition (2a) for the power budget
margin set by the parameter amhTrhoPbgtMargin
(ATPM)(HOC)(-24..24,N)(N). If the power budget exceeds
the margin set by hoMarginPGBT, then a power budget
instead of a traffic reason handover is carried out. The load
of the target cell must not exceed the percentage defined
by the parameter amhMaxLoadOfTgtCell (AML)(SEG)
(0..100,N)(N). The process is summarized by Fig. 648.
BSC initiated traffic reason must not be used together with
MSC initiated traffic reason handover. To deactivate it,
amhTrhoPbgtMargin must be set to its default value N.

Advanced Multilayer
Handling
BSC Initiated Traffic Reason HO
Relieve load on contested cell(s)
Distribute load over the network
If the traffic load of the serving cell
exceeds a threshold, the different
(smaller) power budget margin is used
for all adjacent cells instead of the
existing HO margin pbgt (PMRG).
Multilayer Load Control
During low traffic hours, prevent the
use of the microcellular layer by
keeping MS in the macro layer (once
they camp on it)
Reduce unnecessary handover
between layers

Traffic Reason Handover

(AMH)
Range And Step

Description
Parameters

MO
Class

Abbreviated
Name

Default
value

BSC - MML
Name

ADCE

trhoTargetLev
el

-109...-47 dBm,
step 1 dBm
N = not in use

The minimum signal level when a traffic

reason handover is allowed to an adjacent cell.

0 dBm

TRHO

BSC

amhMaxLoad
OfTgtCell

0...100 %, step 1
%

The maximum traffic load in adjacent cell

allowed for a target cell of traffic reason
handover (TRHO).

70 %

AML

BSC

amhTrhoGua
rdTime

0...120 s, step 1 s

The guard time after a BSC-controlled or an

MSC-controlled TRHO, during which a
handover back to the original cell is not
allowed.

30 s

TGT

BSC

amhUpperLo
adThreshold

0...100 %, step 1
%

The upper threshold for the load of the base

station. The parameter is used to trigger BSCcontrolled traffic reason handovers.

80 %

AUT

BTS

amhMaxLoad
OfTgtCell

N, 0...100 %, step
1%

The maximum traffic load in the adjacent cell

that is allowed to be the target cell for a traffic
reason handover (TRHO). MML NOTE:
Range: 0...100 % and N default: N

AML

HOC

amhTrhoPbgt
Margin

-24...24 dBm, step

1 dBm

The power budget margin used when the load

of the cell exceeds the value defined with the
AMH Upper Load Threshold (AUT).

255 dBm

ATPM

Multilayer Load Control (AMH)

Parameters

MO
Class

Abbreviated
Name

Range And Step

Description

Default
value

BSC - MML
Name

BSC

amhLowerLoad
Threshold

0...100 %, step 1
%

Defines the lower threshold for the load of

the base station. The parameter is used to
trigger advanced multilayer handling
functionality with IUO and/or Dual Band/
microcell features.

20 %

ALT

HOC

amhTrafficContr
olMCN

Y, N

Indicates whether the Advanced Multilayer

Handling is used with micro cells or dual
band.

ATCM

If there is little traffic in serving cell, the following

handovers are not allowed:
- FMMS, DADL/B, Umbrella, fast moving MS support / MS speed detection
MS is kept in coverage layer