SharifRazi

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AbulHasanMuhammadibnAlHusaynAl
MusawiknowninArabicasalSharifalRadi
(Arabic:
)orinPersianSharifRazi
(Arabic:
)orSeyyedRazi(Arabic:

)(c.9701015CE)wasaShi'iteMuslim
scholarandpoetwhowasborninBaghdad.Hewrote
severalbooksonIslamicissuesandinterpretationof
theKoran.HismostfamousbookisNahjalBalaghah
whichisacollectionofImamAli'ssayingsand
speeches.

Muslimscholar

AbulHasanMuhammadibnAl
HusaynAlMusawi
Title

alSharifalRadi

Born

970CE

Died

1015CE

Era

Islamicgoldenage

Jurisprudence ShiaJafari

HefoundedaschoolnamedDarul'Ilm(Arabic:

,literally"Houseofknowledge")inwhichhe
trainedmanystudentssomeofwhombecame
themselveslaterprofessors.Hisgraveislocatedin
Kazmain,Iraq.
Someofhisbooksareasfollows:

Main
interest(s)

Tafsir,Arabicliterature

Notable
work(s)

PeakofEloquence(collectionof
ImamAliquotations)

Influencedby

PeakofEloquence(Arabic:NahjalBalaghah)
TalkhisalBayananMajazatalQuran
Haqa'iqalTa'wilfiMutashabihalTanzil
Ma'anialQuran
KhasaisofAlAemmah

Contents
1Familyandlineage
2Educationandteaching
3Works
4Offspringanddeath
5Seealso
6Externallinks
7References

Familyandlineage
FatherofSayyidRazi:HisfatherAbuAhmedHusaynbinMusawasfifthinlineofdescendentfromthe
7thImam,MusaalKazimandheldtheprestigiouspositionofthe"NaqibalNuqaba"ofIraq,a
responsibilitywhichrequiredthemanagingofaffairsoftheSadat's(Prophet'sdescendants).Hewas
giventhetitleof"TahirAwhadDhualManaqib"anddiedin396AHandwasburiedintheshrineof

ImamHusayninKarbala.Athisdeath,SayyidRazi,whohadbeenactingashisfather'sdeputysince
381AH,officiallybecametheNaqibalNuqaba"andheldthepositiontillhisowndeath.Hisfather's
genealogyreads:HusaynbinMusabinMuhammadbinMusabinIbrahimMujabbinImamMusaal
Kazim.[1]AlThalibi(d.429),inYatimataldahr,abibliographyofpoetsandwritersofArabic,writes
aboutthefatherofalRazi:HisforefatherswereheldinhighrespectbythepeopleofIraq.Hisfather,
AbuAhmadforalongtimeoccupiedthepostofNaqiboftheTalibiyyin,apositionthatempoweredhim
tolookaftertheSayyidofAbuTalib'slineage.AtthesametimeheheldtheofficeoftheNazaratDiwan
almazalim(headshipofthehighestcourtofappeal)aswellastheofficeofthechiefofhajjaj(pilgrims
totheHolyKabah).Intheyear380/990herelinquishedthesepostsinfavourofhissonalSyedalRazi.
IbnAbialHadid(d.655or656/1257or1258),inhisprefacetotheSharhNahjalBalaghah,confirms
thisstatementsaying:HisfatheralNaqibAbuAhmadwasheldinhighregardatthecourtsofBanu
AbbasandtherulersofAlDayalimahandwasentitledasalTahirDhualManaqib.[2]
SayyidRazi'sMother:HismotherFatimahalsotracedherlineagetotheProphetandwasthedaughterof
HusaynbinAbuMuhammadalHasanalUtrushbinAlibinHasanbinUmaralAshrafthesonofthe
4thInfallibleImam,AliibnalHusaynZaynalAbidin.Shewasapiousandnoblelady,andwasheldin
highesteembyscholarsandothernotables.Atherrequest,thegreatscholarShaykhMufidcompiledthe
bookAhkamalNisawhichcontainsthefiqhi(religiousethics)rulesforwomen.Herfamilyhadcarved
outanindependentprincipalityinTabaristanonthesoutherncoastsoftheCaspianSea.Shediedin
Baghdadin385AH.[1]
HiselderbrotherSayyidMurtadhawasgreattheologianandpoet.SayyidMurtadha'swork(poems)are
stillbeingpublishedinCairoandBeirutandformpartofthecourseofArabicliteratureinthe
universitiesofthosetwocities.SayyidMurtadhahasagreatplaceamongtheShiaTheologianswitha
nicknameAlumulHudda(standardorwaymarkofthetruepathofreligion).[3]

Educationandteaching
AlRazigeniuscametothenoticeofhisfamilyandteachersataveryyoungage.Hestartedcomposing
poetryatthetenderageofnine.Hiswitandalertnessofmindsurprisedall.Hewenttodifferentteachers
tostudyvariousbranchesofIslamicsciences,Arabiclanguageandliterature.HestudiedSharhal'Usul
alkhamsahandKitabal'umdahunderalQadi'AbdalJabbaralMutazili(b.circa.325/936,
d.415/lO25),andstudiedArabiclanguageandgrammarunderAbuSa'idalHasanibn'AbdAllahibn
MarzbanalSirafi(284368/897979),anexpertofArabiclanguageandliterature.Healsowenttostudy
thelanguageandliterarysciencestoAbuMuhammadal'Asadial'Akfani,AbualHasan'Aliibn'isaal
Rummani(296384/90894),AbualFath'UthmanibnJinn(330392/9421002)andIbnNubatah(335
94/9461004).HestudiedhadithunderMuhammadibn'ImranalMarzabani(d.378/988)andAbuMasa
HarunibnMusaalTal'akbari(d.385/995).Histeacherinfiqh,besidesalMufid,wasMuhammadibn
alAbbasalKhwarizmi(d.383/993).AbuHafs'UmaribnIbrahimalKinaniwashisteacherinqira'ah
andtheQuran.MostofhisteacherswereeminentscholarsandwritersofArabic.Hehadstarted
teachingattheyoungageofseventeenwhenhewashimselfstudying.Hecompletedhiseducationatthe
ageoftwenty.Verysoonheacquiredfameasascholar,commentatoroftheQuran,thinkerandpoet.
Hisfameasapoetovershadowedhisexcellenceinallotherfields.Amonghisteachersafewother
namesmaybementioned:Abu'AlialHasanibnAhmadalFarsi(30777/91987),aMutaziliAbual
HasanalKarkhi'Aliibn'IsaibnSalihalRub'i(328420/939401029)andAbuIshaqIbrahimibn
AhmadalTabari(d.393/10023),afaqih(scholar)oftheMalikischool.Inthosedaysduetoaclimate
oftoleranceatleastamongscholarsandstudents,theShiaandSunnistudentsusedtoattendclassesof
teachersbelongingtodifferentsects.AnumberofalRadi'steacherswereSunniandMutazili.[2]

AlSharifalRazihadintimatefriendlyrelationsofmutualrespectandlovewitheminentcontemporary
scholars,poetsandwritersprofessingdifferentfaiths,whichwasanindicationofhisbroadhumanism
andtolerance.Sahibibn'Abbad(32685/93895),oneofthemostinfluentialofMuslimprimeministers
andagreatscholarofhisage,wasapatronofscholarsandpoets.[2]

Works
PeakofEloquence(Arabic:NahjalBalaghah)CompilationofAliibnAbiTalib's,speeches,writings
andsayings.LateSyedRazicompiledNahjalBalaghaoverathousandyearsagoandbeforehemade
theeffortsthesejewelswerescatteredallovertheIslamicliterature.Otherscholarswereintheprocess
ofdoingthesamething,butAllahgaveSyedRazitheopportunityandthewilltofinishthisenormous
task.AccordingtohimcertainwordsandexpressionsofNahjalBalaghaarematchlessinhuman
expressionbyeloquentwriters,IslamicthinkersandeventheadversariesofIslam.Thesepeoplehave
alwaysacceptedthatsomestatementsoftheNahjalBalaghaaresuperiortohumanexpressionand
beyondtheordinarylevelofthehumanbeing'sknowledgeatthattime.Mankindisindebtedtothe
endeavorsandinitiativesofSyedRaziwholefttheNahjalBalaghaforus.[4]TranslationofNahjal
Balagha[5]maybereadinthelanguages:
EnglishTranslationofNahjalBalaghah(PeakofEloquence)
French:Lavoiedelloquence.Ed.SayyidAttiaAbulNaga.Trans.SamihAtefElZeinetal.
2nded.Qum:Ansariyan,n.d
German:PfadderEloquenz(inzweiBnden).Trans.Fatimazoguz.Bremen:Eslamica,2007.
Romanian:Nahjalbalagha/Caleavorbiriialese.Trans.GeorgeGrigore.ClujNapoca:Kriterion,
2008.
Russian:(Put'krasnorechiya).Trans.AbdulkarimTarasCherniyenko.
Moscow:(Vostochnayaliteratura),2008.
Spanish:Lacumbredelaelocuencia.Trans.MohammedAlAnzaldaMorales.Elmhurst:
TahrikeTarsile,1988.
Persian&Urdu/Hindi.FirstProminentUrduPublisherisTanzeemulMakatib,Lukhnow,India
andinPakistanMahfoozBookAgency,MartinRoad,Karachi.

Offspringanddeath
SayyidRazi'sonlysonAbuAhmadAdnanwasalsoaprominentscholarofhistimeandafterthedeath
ofhisuncleSayyidMurtadhhewasentrustedwiththepostofNaqibalNuqaba.Hewasgiventhetitle
ofhisgrandfather"TaherDhualManaqeb"bytheBuhidrulerandwashighlyrespectedforhis
knowledgeandnobilityofcharacter.[6]
SyedRazidiedinthemonthofMohurram404A.H.attheageof45years.Somebiographistsareofthe
opinionthattheyearofhisdeathwas406A.H.attheageof47.HiselderbrotherSayyidMurtadhand
hisShaykhalMufdweresogrievouslystrickenthattheycouldnotleadthefuneralserviceofthatgreat
manandtheservicewasledbythePrimeMinisterAbuGhalibFukhrulMulk.[3]

Seealso

SayyidMurtadh
ShaykhalMufd
ShaykhalTs
ShaykhalSadq
MuhammadalKulayn
AllmahMajlis
ShaykhalHuralmil
Islamicscholars
ListofdeceasedMaraji

Externallinks
SharifRazi(http://www.imamreza.net/eng/imamreza.php?id=1591)
www.alislam.org(http://www.alislam.org/nahj/default.asp?url=3.htm)NahjalBalaghalink
[1](http://mominshoppingcenter.com/cart/index.php?main_page=product_info&products_id=24)
[2](http://www.amazon.co.uk/NahjulBalaghaAliIbnTalib/dp/0940368420)
NahjulBalagha:PathofEloquencebyYasinT.AlJibouri,publishedthrough.[7]

References
1. ^abhttp://english.tebyan.net/newindex.aspx?pid=69875
2. ^abchttp://balaghah.net/nahjhtm/eng/id/compiler/index.htm
3. ^abhttp://www.alhuda.com/NB%20INTRODUCTION.htm
4. ^http://www.nahjulbalagha.org/intro.php
5. ^alBalagha
6. ^http://www.islamlaws.com/marja/sayidrazi.htm
7. ^http://www.authorhouse.com/(ISBN1481712640,9781481712651&9781481712637(hc)

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