OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES

AND ILLNESSES
Topic 6

Introduction
Main goal of OSH is to prevent injuries and

illnesses at workplace
Injuries are caused by accidental release of
energy.

Trauma Injury and Death

Trauma is a body wound, produced by

a sudden physical injury, as from an

accident.
Trauma happened real time unlike
illnesses

Common Energy Sources

Cost of Injury and Death

Occupational injuries, illnesses and death need to pay

with compensasion, medical cost, production time.

Identifying Health Hazards

To prevet occupational illnesses
1) Identify health-related hazards
2) Evaluate them; and
3) Control them

Need to focus on prevention effort by identifying the most commonly

report illnesses

Temperature Extremes
Cold Stress
Blood circulation ensure that heat is balanced throughout our body.
Extrem cold environment can be a health hazard. Body temp <33
deg will cause hypothermia

Heat Stress
Will result in uneased work and dehidration
Body cannot maintain normal temperature

IONISING RADIATION
Radiation release wave which ionise atoms, including the

atoms that make up ou tissue, hence affecting our health.

Ionising radiation:
Alpha particles
Beta particles
Gamma and X-rays
Neutron

Unit for radiation

Radioactivity

Absorbed Dose

Dose
Equivalent

Exposure

Common Units

curie (Ci)

rad

rem

roentgen (R)

SI Units

becquerel (Bq)

gray (Gy)

sievert (Sv)

coulomb/kilogra
m (C/kg)

Control parameter to limit exposure

Time of exposed

Distance of the source to the person

Sheild between the source and the person

Calculation Method
Amount Source = 1Sv
Amount at 2 meters away = Sv
Standard of exposure maximum 50mSv/year

Hazardous Chemicals
Certain chemical is harms and hazadous to human

Need to take precaution in handling it.

Information needed for handling and

mitigation during accident
MSDS

Label

Material used as sheild from radiation

Air purifying for filtering alpha particles

Alluminium sheet blocking beta particles

Lead to absorb gamma or x-rays
Thick concrete to stop neutrons penetrations