421312

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3
Part 1
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Part 2
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Part 3
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(retort)

(extruder)


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- (proportional limit)
( pl)
- (elastic limit)
( el)
- (yield strength, S y)
( y)
* (proof stress)
S0.2%


- (ultimate tensile strength, S u )

( u)
(tensile strength)
- (yield strength in shear)
S sy 0.6S y

- (Youngs modulus, E)

- (shear modulus, G)


- (hardness)
- (stiffness)
- (elasticity)
- (plasticity)
- (malleability)
- (ductility)

- (toughness)

- (cold working)
- (quenching)
- (aging)
- (hardening)
- (tempering)
- (annealing)

- (wrought iron) (slag)

1-3%


- (cast iron) 2.5 - 4%

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- (steel)
- (plain carbon steel) 3
- 0.050.3%

- 0.30.5%

- 0.5%


- (stainless steel) 3

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- (Factor of Safety)

, Sd (working stress)
Su= 700 MN/m2, Sy= 420 MN/m2
, Sd = 140 MN/m2

Su;
Nu = Su/Sd = 700/140 = 5
Sy;
Ny = Sy/Sd = 420/140 = 3



Nu = /
Ny = /
N = /



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