NG DNG UML PHN TCH THIT K

H THNG PHN MM QUN L TUYN SINH

TI I HC NNG
APPLICATION OF UML TO ANALYZE AND DESIGN THE SYSTEM
OF MANAGEMENT OF ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS
AT DANANG UNIVERSITY
V DUY THANH
i hc Nng

TM TT
Chng ti trnh by mt phng php s dng Unified Modeling Language (UML) phn
tch thit k h thng (PTTKHT) qun l tuyn sinh ti i hc Nng. Qu trnh PTTKHT
gm cc bc t khu kho st thc t, xy dng m hnh dng d liu, xc nh cc tc
nhn, cc i tng, cc lp xy dng cc biu nh biu trnh t, biu lp, biu
i tng, biu cc trng hp s dng. Chng ti ng dng phn mm Rotation
Rose pht sinh m ngun chng trnh. Phng php ny c th vn dng gii quyt cc
bi ton khc: qun l sinh vin, qun l k ton,
ABSTRACT
In this article we present a method of using UML (Unified Modeling Language) for analysis and
design of the information systems, especially, the management of national entrance
examination at the University of Danang. This process contains the following stages: to make
an examination actually work, to create a data model, to identify agents, objects, classes and
construction of the diagrams such as diagram of order, diagram of classes, diagram of objects,
diagram of case, etc. We have used Rotation Rose software to design and generate the
source code of the program. This method can be applied in solving different problems such as
management of students, records accountancy, etc.
T kho: H qun tr c s d liu, phn tch thit k h thng, s dng d liu, tuyn
sinh.

1. Gii thiu
Vic ng dng UML trong phn tch, thit k h thng cho bi ton tuyn sinh i
hc Nng (HN) l vic lm c ngha thc t cao. Hin nay, tuy c chng trnh
tuyn sinh ca B Gio dc v o to (GD & T) nhng vn cha n nh v phi thay i
hng nm nn gy kh khn cho ngi s dng (v d: khi mun thay i mt s chc nng,
hoc iu chnh, thm mi, tnh ton, sa cc biu mu, chn im chun,... theo c th ca
tng trng, tng ngnh th chng trnh kh p ng c vi yu cu). Vi s pht trin
ca cng ngh phn mm, nhiu cng c lp trnh c pht trin v c kh nng h tr
mnh cho ngi s dng, gim thiu c cng sc ca lp trnh vin khi xy dng chng
trnh. Khi trin khai tin hc ho cc bi ton trong thc t, chng ta khng cn gp nhiu kh
khn khu vit chng trnh m vn chnh l khu thc hin phn tch, thit k h
thng cho bi ton .
Phng php phn tch, thit k h thng hng i tng gip chng ta hiu r
nhng cng vic phi lm, nhng yu cu thc t v s liu cn phi p ng, v trn c s
xy dng cc m hnh cn thit m t mi tng quan gia cc thnh phn trong h thng,
t d dng hn rt nhiu trong vic trin khai lp trnh cng nh bo tr, nng cp cho h
thng hot ng tt, p ng cc yu cu hay thay i ca ngi s dng.

2. C s ca ti
2.1. Cng tc tuyn sinh ti HN
Cng tc tuyn sinh vo i hc v Cao ng (H & C) din ra hng nm tuyn
chn hc sinh cho cc trng H & C. Tuyn sinh lin quan n rt nhiu cc i tng,
cc n v v yu cu c t chc cht ch, chnh xc, i hi s phi hp ng b gia B
Gio dc v o to (GD & T), cc S Gio dc - o to (GD - T), hi ng tuyn sinh
cc trng i hc, cao ng, cng cc ban, ngnh lin quan...
Thc t, do qui ch tuyn sinh thay i hng nm nn dn n cc chng trnh phc
v tuyn sinh ca B cng thay i thng xuyn. i hc Nng (HN) cng tc
tuyn sinh c mt s c th ring m chng trnh tuyn sinh ca B cha x l. Hng nm,
chng ti s dng chng trnh ca B cho nhng khu chnh nh nhp h s, in cc bo co
theo biu mu ca B, nhng chng ti phi t vit chng trnh x l cc cng on khc
nh phn chia a im v phng thi, dn ti v nh phch, v.v Chnh v l do trn, vic
hiu bit mt cch tng quan bi ton tuyn sinh l rt quan trng v cn phi c s PTTKHT
mt cch r rng.
2.2. Phng php PTTKHT
c nhiu phng php PTTKHT ang c s dng hin nay v ph bin hn c l
nhng phng php c cu trc nh: SADT (Structured Analysis and Design Technique - K
thut Thit k v Phn tch cu trc), phng php MERISE (Mthode pour Rassembler des
Ides Sans Effort - Phng php tp hp cc tng khng cn n lc), phng php
MCX (Mthode de Xavier Castellani - Phng php ca Xavier Castellani),
Mi phng php c nhng im mnh v im yu ring, vn m chng ti u
tin khi chn la mt phng php PTTKHT l: d s dng, c th m hnh ha mt cch
tng qut nht cc vn t ra trong thc t, c kh nng p dng cho lp cc bi ton phc
v qun l v c kh nng chuyn thnh chng trnh s dng trong thc t nhanh nht.
Trn c s yu cu trn, chng ti chn UML tin hnh PTTKHT cho bi ton
tuyn sinh ti HN. UML c pht trin bi Grady Booch, James Rumbaugh v Ivar
Jacobson ti cng ty phn mm Rational. Mc tiu ca h l to ra mt phng php mi,
phng php thng nht da trn cc phng php PTTK hng i tng xut ring r
trc bi Grady Booch, James Rumbaugh v Jacobson. Da vo vic hp nht cc k hiu
s dng trong khi phn tch, thit k cc phng php , UML a ra mt nn tng chun b
cho vic phn tch, thit k v kt qu c th vn dng t sinh m ngun. UML ra i cui
nm 1980, c hp nht t cc phng php hng i tng Booch, Oose (Jacobson) v
OMT (Rum buygh), UML c hng Rational pht trin t nm 1997, t nm 1997 c
hng OMG pht trin
S dng UML PTTKHT cn thc hin cc bc nh sau:
Bc 1: Xc nh cc tc nhn (actor), cc trng hp s dng (use case), mi quan
h gia cc trng hp s dng, t xy dng c biu cc trng hp s dng.
Bc 2: M t cc thuc tnh v cc phng php cho tng lp.
Bc 3: Xc nh lp cc i tng, mi quan h gia chng xy dng biu
lp, t xy dng cc biu i tng.
Bc 4: Xc nh cc th tc t cc trng hp s dng, t xy dng biu trnh
t v biu hp tc.
Bc 5: Xc nh cc ng x ca mi i tng thng qua cc biu .
Bc 6: Xc nh kin trc ca h thng bng cch xc nh cc thnh phn ca h
thng, xy dng cc biu thnh phn v biu trin khai.

3. M t cng tc tuyn sinh

Thc t cng tc tuyn sinh c chia thnh hai giai on. Giai on u do Ban TS
cc S GD - T thc hin. Giai on cui do Hi ng tuyn sinh cc trng H & C thc
hin.
Trn c s kho st cc giai on v cc cng vic cn thc hin, chng ti xy dng
s biu din lun chuyn dng thng tin trong h thng tuyn sinh nh sau:

Hnh 1. S dng thng tin trong h thng tuyn sinh

- Giai on u: B GD & T cung cp h s cho S GD - T, S GD - T cung cp
h s v trng Trung hc ph thng giao cho th sinh ng k d thi, th sinh ng k xong
chuyn ton b h s v S GD - T, S GD - T nhp s liu, thng k, kim tra, tch
trng. Tip n ng gi v chuyn danh sch v Hi ng tuyn sinh HN.
- Giai on cui: Hi ng tuyn sinh (HTS) tip nhn cc vn bn, qui ch t B,
nhn s liu do Ban TS cc S cung cp qua Ban o to, HTS tin hnh t chc thi, kt
qu thi c chuyn v Ban o to, Ban gim hiu, Ban TS cc S, B GD & T v n
tng th sinh.
4. Phn tch thit k h thng
Trong phn ny chng ti trnh
by cc bc chnh khi PTTKHT
bi ton tuyn sinh. M t cc s
tng qut bng cch to mi cc
bc.
4.1. Biu trnh t
Trnh t thc hin cc cng vic
v s tng tc qua li gia cc i
tng ca cng tc tuyn sinh c
m t bi biu trnh t sau y:
Biu trnh t ch ra s tng
tc gia cc i tng sp xp theo
trnh t thi gian. N m t ng x
ca cc i tng trong th tc, gip
ta hnh dung c kha cnh ng
Hnh 2. Biu trnh t
ca h thng.
Danh sch th sinh ng k d thi,
qua h thng tuyn sinh x l h s,
kim sot xc nhn hp l tr v h thng tuyn sinh (TS), h thng TS in giy bo d thi,
Hnh 2: Biu trnh t

chuyn cho th sinh d thi, h thng TS x l phch, im thi, chuyn kim sot kim tra xc
nhn kt qu thi, h thng in phiu bo kt qu thi chuyn v cho th sinh.
4.2. Biu trng thi

Hnh 3. Biu trng thi

- T biu trnh t biu din trn ta xy dng c biu chuyn trng thi c cc
trnh t nh sau:
- T trng thi bt u th sinh ng k d thi, x l h s, th sinh d thi, x l im
thi, th sinh nhn kt qu thi v kt thc.
4.3. Biu hp tc
Biu hp tc l mt cch khc th hin mt th tc. Khc vi biu trnh t l
tp trung th hin s tng tc gia
cc i tng theo trnh t thi gian,
biu hp tc tp trung th hin
quan h gia cc i tng.
- Th sinh ng k d thi, qua h
thng tuyn sinh x l s liu, s
liu tuyn sinh chuyn sang kim
sot, th sinh d thi, qua h thng
tuyn sinh x l kt qu thi, chuyn
kim sot v thng bo kt qu
tuyn sinh.
Hnh 4. Biu hp tc
4.4. Phn tch cc trng hp s dng

Hnh 5. Trng hp s dng QLHS

Cc trng hp s dng l mt cch s dng h thng, n ch ra trnh t cc hot ng
c th thc hin v iu mang li kt qu l cc gi tr c th nhn thy c i vi mt

tc nhn no . i vi tc nhn th sinh th khi h n np h s, h thng gip h c c

h s ng k theo ng yu cu v trng, ngnh hc v cc thng tin cn thit khc. i
vi cn b my tnh th h thng gip h lu tr h s ng k d thi. Sau khi h s c
lu tr, cn b my tnh s lp danh sch ng k d thi, nhp a im thi, s lng phng
thi, s th sinh mi phng cho tt c cc a im v h thng s to lp t ng danh sch
cho tng phng thi. Tc nhn qun tr h thng s dng h thng qun l cc ngi dng
ca h thng, thm, xa hoc sa i cc thng tin ca mt ngi dng no . T nhng
phn tch trn ta c th tm c cc trng hp s dng (xem hnh 5).
4.5. Biu lp
Cc lp thc th m t cc i tng c lu tr trong h thng. Ta c th tm ra
cc lp t nhng danh t lin quan n lnh vc ca bi ton c m t trong cc uses.
H thng tuyn sinh ta c cc lp i tng sau: h s th sinh, a im thi, tnh,
huyn, trng, ngnh, mn thi, phch, im thi, kt qu thi.
Tng t ta c th xc nh c quan h gia cc thc th khc nhau trong h thng
v biu din qua biu lp thc th nh sau:

Hnh 6. Biu lp
5. Cng c s dng
Trn c s PTTKHT nh trn, chng ti p dng phn mm Rotional Rose trin
khai vic PTTKHT v kim tra tnh ng n ca h thng. Rational Rose l mt phn mm
ca cng ty IBM, n cho php c t cc i tng, thit k cc biu mt cch trc quan
v trn c s s pht sinh t ng m ngun chng trnh theo ngn ng lp trnh c
chn nh C/C++, Visual, DB2, Foxpro, Dnh cho cc h qun tr c s d liu, chng ta c
th s dng Rotional Rose m t cc i tng, cc tc nhn, thit k cc biu v trn

c s s pht sinh t ng mt h thng cc c s d liu quan h, cc n v chng trnh

qun l cho tng m-un.
Trong khun kh ti, chng ti ch s dng phin bn min ph Rational Rose nn
ch c th p dng mc thit k cc i tng v cc biu nh m t trong phn 4 m
cha th pht sinh m ngun t ng. c c m ngun chng trnh, chng ti phi lp
trnh trc tip trn Foxpro 2.6.
6. Vn dng
T kt qu PTTKHT nu trn chng ti tin hnh xy dng phn mm phc
v cng tc tuyn sinh i hc v cao ng trn my tnh ti HN. H thng ny c
a vo s dng trong thc t v p ng cc yu cu t ra nh:
- tin cy: H thng c th kim tra d liu nhp vo v cho php t ng thc hin
mt s kim tra t ng i chiu v tm nhng bn ghi c s chnh lch v d liu, thng
bo cc s liu nhp sai c hng khc phc.
- Tnh bo mt: H thng s dng phng php m ho d liu bng bo mt
nhng ngi khng c nhim v s dng chng trnh khng th c c s liu.
- D s dng: Chng trnh c thit k trn giao din ha vi cc ca s, hp
thoi v hng dn s dng hp l.
- Tnh mm do: Ngi s dng c th thay i d dng cc qui tc v qui nh phng
thi, nh s bo danh, cch dn ti, cch nh phch,
- Tnh m: H thng ny d dng pht trin sa i, b sung cc chc nng mi
ph hp vi c th ring ca tng trng thnh vin ca HN.
Chng ti ci t h thng qun l tuyn sinh chy trn cc my PC windows 3.1
tr ln c ci t Foxpro for windows.
7. Kt lun
Chng ti p dng UML c kt qu PTTKHT bi ton tuyn sinh H & C ti
i hc Nng. T kt qu PTTKHT chng ti xy dng c h thng phn mm qun
l tuyn sinh ti i hc Nng v p ng c nhu cu thc t. H thng phn mm
ny gp phn phc v tt cng tc tuyn sinh ti i hc Nng v c th p dng c
cho cc trng khc trn a bn thnh ph Nng.
TI LIU THAM KHO
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