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DOCUMENT

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MIDTERM ESSAY

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MIDTERM ESSAY
Dark Romanticism and Realism were two influential
movements in the 1800s and early 1900s. Dark
Romanticism was a period when writers wanted to
explore the inner workings and psychological effects
of the mind, giving it that fantastical and shadowy 1

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approach. Unlike Dark Romanticism, Realism was the

movement in which novelists wrote about stories of
real people with real jobs. These writers wanted to
portray life for what it was, making a huge 2 impact in
the literary movement. Nathaniel Hawthorne, a darkromanticist writer, wrote the Scarlet Letter to show
the struggles of a young girl who sunk into the
temptations of sin. Dimmesdale, the man who was
also tempted 3 , lived a life of secrecy and misery.
Hawthorne uses symbolization to portray the
darkness that both felt throughout the book. Charlotte
Perkins Gilman, a realist writer, wrote the Yellow
Wallpaper to introduce a girl that suffered with 4
illnesses such as post-pardon depression. Realism was
an accurate description of how life was and is. Both
movements play influential roles in the way authors
write today, and it also shows the growth through
time. Dimmesdale and the narrator in The Yellow
Wallpaper both become mad because actions and
people have driven them to the point of absurdity.
Madness is the accumulation of past events that
constantly 5 haunts one's being, and becomes the
outcome of what could be considered insanity.
Dimmesdale has had to live and bear this sin for seven
years. The guilt, the sorrow, and the grief started to
become too much for him to handle, and all of his
thoughts and demons slowly started 6 to make its way

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and effect his being both physically and mentally. He

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was looked 7 at as an inspiration, a beautiful 8 man

with an angelic voice, someone that many could look
up to, but little did people know that he committed
adultery, something he has to face for the rest of his
life. He becomes too weak and lonely even though he
has both Hester and Pearl. Dimmesdale says, "Happy
are you, Hester, that wear the scarlet letter openly
upon your bosom! Mine burns in secret! Thou little
knowest what a relief it is, after the torment of a seven
years' cheat, to look into an eye that recognizes me
for what I am!" (Hawthorne 199). Dimmesdale tells
Hester that her situation is different to his situation
because she's been 9 able to confess, and she's been
punished for what she's done. He's had to keep this
hidden within, and he's happy he can finally share his
thoughts with someone. Dimmesdale can finally look
at someone, and feel free. Dimmesdale also goes on to
say, "God knows by giving me this burning torture to
bear upon my breast! By sending yonder dark and
terrible old man, to keep the torture always at redheart I had been lost 10 forever! (Hawthorne 210). He
brings religion into the matter and says that God the
one that has given him this flame to withhold in his
heart forever. Chillingworth has only made the matter
worse because he's been tormenting Dimmesdale in
order to 11 get revenge for what he has done. His
feelings and demons drive him to the point where he's
too depressed and mad to function, which ends up
killing him. Dimmesdale become psychotic because he
doesn't know what to do or how things could possibly
be resolved. Madness takes over his being.
In "The Yellow Wallpaper," Gilman introduces the
narrator as a girl that struggles with post-partum
depression. She's locked up in an abandoned place

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with windows barred up, and she's left there alone.

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She writes to relieve her stress and thoughts however

she doesn't want her husband, John finding out about
it. John intimidates the narrator, and while she's in the
house, the disgusting, yellow wallpaper constantly 12
haunts her. She continuously glares at the wallpaper,
and it somehow controls her state of mind. The

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destroyed her, and her thoughts continued to haunt

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her until she went on 14 a rage.

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Hawthorne and Gilman incorporate many elements

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writing. He represented Dimmesdale as someone like

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a sun but Dimmesdale was clouded by his thoughts 16 .

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narrator says, "Such a peculiar odor, too! I have spent

hours in trying to analyze it I wake up in the night
and fight it handing over me. The only thing I can think
of that it is like is the COLOR of the paper! A yellow
smell" (Gilman 8). She spends her time thinking about
the wallpaper and all of its certain 13 characteristics. It
blurs her mind, and drives her crazy, but she can't
stop thinking about it. She feels trapped physically and
mentally, and she becomes psychotic. She starts
imagining that there is a girl on the other side of the
wallpaper, and that girl symbolizes herself. The
narrator says, "I've got a rope up here that even
Jennie did not find. If that woman does get out, and
tries to get away, I can tie her!" (Gilman 10). She's
hallucinating and imaging the whole thing, but she
takes out her depression and madness on the
wallpaper. In order to free the girl, she rips all the
wallpaper off. It symbolizes the freedom she wanted
from her illness, the room, and John. Madness

of both dark-romanticism and realism in their stories.

Hawthorne incorporates 15 dark-romanticism by using
symbolization and including darker elements into his

He brought this shadowy approach to the character

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and constantly 17 used symbolization to add that

mysterious 18 effect to the characters and story overall.
Madness was portrayed all throughout the book,
especially for Dimmesdale, and the dark-romanticism
incorporated makes his character dimmer and more
grasping. Gilman incorporated 19 realism by

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introducing a real person with real problems and

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relatable 20 plotlines. The narrator in the story faced

issues that were badly treated 21 due to the lack of
knowledge people had about mental illnesses back
then, which resulted in her psychotic outrage because
her mind was bottled up with negative thoughts, and
she took it out on the wallpaper. She wanted to free
herself, and Gilman gave a realistic, mad 22 approach
to the character. Both authors wrote during
dissimilar 23 movements, giving the characters
different approaches to the same idea and traits of
madness.
All in all, both Dimmesdale and the narrator in The
Yellow Wallpaper represented the idea of madness 24.
They wanted to free themselves from their thoughts.
Dimmesdale couldn't find a way to escape his actions,
his past, and was never able to move forward like
Hester. The narrator was trapped and didn't know
how to express her feelings. She felt as if she wasn't
able to do anything for multiple reasons, and it
became too much for her. Their thoughts killed their
being, driving them to that point of madness.