RATE OF REACTION

A. RATE OF REACTION
[SPM 2005]
45. The diagram shows the set up of the apparatus for an experiment to determine the rate
of reaction between sodium thiosulphate and sulphuric acid.
Gambar rajah menunjukkan susunan radas bagi eksperimen untuk menentukan kadar
tindak balas antara natirium tiosulfat dengan asid sulfurik.

Which of the following combination of conditions take the shortest time for the mark x to
disappear from sight?
Antara kombinasi keadaan berikut, yang manakah mengambil masa paling singkat
untuk tanda X hilang daripada penglihatan?

Sulphuric acid
Asid sulfurik
Volume/cm3
Isipadu/cm3
A
B
C
B

10
10
10
20

Sodium thiosulphate solution

Larutan natrium tiosulfat
Concentration/
Mol dm3
Kepekatan/
Mol dm3
1.0
1.0
0.5
0.5

Volume/cm3
Isipadu/cm3
50
50
50
40

Concentration/
Mol dm3
Kepekatan/
Mol dm3
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5

Temperature/C
Suhu/C

30
40
30
40

[SPM 2007]
33.

Diagram 11 shows the apparatus set-up for an experiment to determine the rate of
reaction.
Rajah 11 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi eksperimen untuk menentukan kadar
tindak balas.

Which of the following techniques is the most suitable to determine the rate of
reaction?
Antara berikut, yang manakah paling sesuai untuk menentukan kadar tindak balas
itu?
A. Record the time as soon as precipitate is formed
Mencatat masa sebaik sahaja mendakan mula terbentuk
B. Record the time taken to obtain the maximum temperature
Mencatat masa untuk mendapatkan suhu maksimum
C. Record the time as soon as the cross mark cannot be seen
Mencatat masa sebaik sahaja tanda pangkah tidak kelihatan
D. Recoed the time taken for the change of the pH value until a fixed pH value is
obtained
Mencatat masa bagi perubahan nilai pH sehingga nilai pH yang tetap diperoleh
42.

Which of the following is the correct match of a low rate of reaction and a high rate of
reaction?
Antara padanan berikut, yang manakah betul tentang tindak balas yang mempunyai
kadar tindak balas rendah dan kadar tindak balas tinggi?
Low rate of reaction
High rate of reacition
Kadar tindak balas rendah
Kadar tindak balas tinggi
Neutralisation between hydrochloric acid
Iron rusting
A and sodium hydroxide solution
Pengaratan besi
Peneutralan antara asid hidroklorik dan
larutan natrium hidroksida
Double decomposition between lead(II)
Neutralisation between hydrochloric acid
B nitrate solution and potassium iodide
and sodium hydroxide solution
solution
Peneutralan antara asid hidrolorik dan
Penguraian ganda dua antara larutan
larutan natrium hidroksida
plumbum(II) nitrat dan larutan kalium
iodida
Iron rusting
Fermentation of glucose solution
C Pengaratan besi
Penapaian larutan glukosa
Fermentation of glucose solution
Double decomposition between lead(II)
D
Penapaian larutan glukosa
nitrate solution and potassium iodide
solution
Penguraian ganda dua antara larutan
plumbum(II) nitrat dan larutan kalium
iodida

43

Table 2 shows the volume of carbon dioxide gas, CO2, collected in the reaction
between limestone powder and dilute hydrochloric acid.

Jadual 2 menunjukkan isipadu gas karbon diokside, CO2, yang dikumpul dalam
tindak balas antara serbuk batu kapur dan asid hidroklorik cair.
Time/minute
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
Masa/minit
Volume of
CO2/ cm3
0.0
4.5
7.5
10.0
12.5
14.5
16.0
17.0
Isipadu
3
CO2/ cm
Table 2
Jadual 2
What is the average rate of reaction during the second minute?
Berapakah kadar tindak balas purata dalam minit kedua?
A
1.25 cm3 minute-1
1.25 cm3 minit-1
B
2.50 cm3 minute-1
2.50 cm3 minit-1
C
5.00 cm3 minute-1
5.00 cm3 minit-1
D
12.50 cm3 minute-1
12.50 cm3 minit-1
[SPM 2009]
1

Which process has the highest rate of reaction?

Proses manakah yang mempunyai kadar tindak balas yang paling tinggi?

Rusting
Pengaratan
Respiration
Respirasi

C
D

Combustion
Pembakaran
Photosynthesis
Fotosintesis

24

In which of the chemical reactions can the rate be determined by measuring the
change in the gas volume?
Antara tindak balas kimia berikut, yang manakah mempunyai kadar tindak balas
yang boleh ditentukan dengan mengukur perubahan isi padu gas?

Acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution with iron(II) sulphate solution

Larutan kalium manganat(VII) berasid dengan larutan ferum(II) sulfat
Sodium hydroxide solution with dilute hydrochloric acid
Larutan natrium hidroksida dengan asid hidroklorik cair
Silver nitrate solution with sodium chloride solution
Larutan argentum nitrat dengan larutan natrium klorida
Calcium carbonate with dilute hydrochloric acid
Kalsium karbonat dengan asid hidroklorik cair

B
C
D

[SPM 2010]

31

Table 6 shows the total volume of hydrogen gas, collected at regular intervals for the
reaction between zinc and dilute hydrochloric acid.
Jadual 6 menunjukkan jumlah isi padu gas hidrogen, yang dikumpul pada sela masa
yang sekata bagi tindak balas antara zink dan asid hidroklorik cair.
Total volume of hydrogen gas (cm3)
Jumlah isi padu gas hidrogen (cm3)
0.00
8.00
14.50
20.50
24.00
26.50
26.50
26.50
Table 6
Jadual 6
What is the average rate of reaction?
Berapakah kadar tindak balas purata?
0.10 cm3 min-1
7.60 cm3 min-1
10.60 cm3 min-1
37.40 cm3 min-1
Time (min)
Masa (min)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5

A
B
C
D

B. FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE RATE OF REACTION

[SPM 2005]
46. In an experiment, the decomposition of 25cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 hydrogen peroxide
solution produces oxygen gas.
Dalam satu eksperimen, penguraian 25cm3 larutan hydrogen peroksida 0.1 mol dm-3
menghasilkan gas oksigen.
Graf isipadu gas oksigen melawan masa dilukis dan lengkung P diperoleh.

If the experiment is repeated using another solution, which solution will produce curve
Q?
Sekiranya eksperimen diulang dengan menggunakan larutan lain, larutan manakah
yang akan menghasilkan lengkung Q?
A . 25 cm3 of 0.15mol dm-3 hydrogen peroxide
25 cm3 0.15 hidrogen peroksida mol dm-3
B . 20 cm3 0.15mol dm-3 hydrogen peroxide
20 cm3 hidrogen peroksida 0.15mol dm-3
C. 15 cm3 of 0.15mol dm-3 hydrogen peroxide
15 cm3 hidrogen peroksida 0.15mol dm-3
D. 10 cm3 of 0.25mol dm-3 hydrogen peroxide
10 cm3 hidrogen peroksida 0.25mol dm-3

[SPM 2006]
13.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a catalyst?

Antara yang berikut, yang manakah bukan cirri mangkin?
A. A catalyst is specific in its reaction
Mangkin adalah khusus dalam tindak balasnya
B. A catalyst influences the quantity of product of a reaction
Mangkin mempengaruhi kuantiti hasil tindak balas
C. The chemical property of a catalyst remains unchanged at the end of the reaction
Sifat kimia mangkin tetap tidak berubah diakhir tindak balas
D. Only a little amount of a catalyst is needed to influence the rate of reaction
Hanya sedikit mangkin diperlukan untuk mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas

[SPM 2006]
43.

If you want to cook 100 potatoes within a short time, which is the most suitable
method?
Sekiranya anda ingin memasak 100 biji kentang dalam masa yang singkat,apakah
langkah yang paling sesuai dilakukan?
A. Boil the potatoes in pan
Merebus kentang dalam kuali leper
B. Boil the potatoes in a pressure cooker

Merebus kentang dalam periuk tekanan

C. Steam the potatoes in a steamer
Mengukus kentang dalam pengukus
D. Fry the potatoes in a wok
Menggoreng kentang dalam kuali.

[SPM 2007]
12.

The reaction between zinc,Zn and hydrochloric acid, HCl is represented by the
following equation:
Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
A student wants to determine the rate of the reaction in a school laboratory.Which of
the following methods is the most suitable?
Tindak balas antara zink, Zn dengan asid hidroklorik, HCl di wakili oleh persamaan
berikut:
Zn(p) + 2HCl(ak) ZnCl2(ak) + H2(g)
Seorang murid ingin menentukan kadar tindak balas itu di makmal sekolah.Antara
kaedah berikut, yang manakah paling sesuai?
A. Determine the change in temperature of the solution with time
Menentukan perubahan suhu larutan dengan masa
B. Determine the change in concentration of zinc chloride with time
Menentukan perubahan kepekatan zink klorida dengan masa
C. Determine the volume of hydrogen gas given off with time
Menentukan isipadu gas hydrogen yang terbebas dengan masa
D. Determine the change in the concentration of hydrochloric acid with time
Menentukan perubahan kepekatan asid hidroklorik dengan masa

[SPM 2010]
14

How does a catalyst increase the rate of reaction?

Bagaimanakah mangkin meningkatkan kadar tindak balas?

Increases the number of effective collisions

Meningkatkan bilangan perlanggaran berkesan
Increases the activation energy of the reaction
Meningkatkan tenaga pengaktifan tindak balas
Increases the total number of reactant particles
Meningkatkan jumlah bilangan zarah-zarah bahan tindak balas
Increases the kinetic energy of reactant particles
Meningkatkan tenaga kinetik zarah-zarah bahan tindak balas

B
C
D

30

When the temperature of a reacting mixture increases, the rate of reaction increases.
Which statement explains why the rate of reaction increases?
Apabila suhu campuran bahan tindak balas meningkat, kadar tindak balas
meningkat.
Pernyataan manakah yang menerangkan mengapa kadar tindak balas meningkat?

The total surface area of the reactant particles increases

Jumlah luas permukaan zarah-zarah bahan tindak balas bertambah
The total number of the reactant particles per unit volume increases
Jumlah bilangan zarah-zarah bahan tindak balas per unit isi padu bertambah
The reactant particles move faster and collide more often with one another
Zarah-zarah bahan tindak balas bergerak lebih cepat dan berlanggar lebih kerap
antara satu sama lain
The reactant particles which collide more often are able to overcome the lower
activation energy
Zarah-zarah bahan tindak balas yang berlanggar lebih kerap boleh mengatasi
tenaga pengaktifan yang lebih rendah

B
C

32

The following equation shows the reaction between zinc powder and hydrochloric
acid.
Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
How can the rate of production of hydrogen be increased?
Persamaan berikut menunjukkan tindak balas antara serbuk zink dengan asid
hidroklorik.
Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
Bagaimanakah kadar penghasilan hidrogen boleh ditingkatkan?
A
Increase the size of the zinc
Meningkatkan saiz zink
B
Increase the volume of water in the acid
Meningkatkan isi padu air dalam asid
C
Increase the volume of the hydrochloric acid
Meningkatkan isi padu asid hidroklorik
D
Increase the temperature of the hydrochloric acid
Meningkatkan suhu asid hidroklorik

C. COLLISION THEORY
[SPM 2005]

12.

The diagram shows the energy profile of a reaction.Ea is the activation energy foor
this reaction.
Gambar rajah menunjukkan profil tenaga bagi suatu tindak balas.Ea adalah tenaga
pengaktifan bagi tindak balas ini.

What will change the activation energy from Ea to Ea?

Apakah yang akan mengubah tenaga pengaktifan daripada Ea kepada Ea?
A . temperature
suhu
B. catalyst
mangkin
C. concentration
kepekatan
D. total surface area
Jumlah luas permukaan

[SPM 2005]
13.

Which of the following explains the meaning of effective collision?

Antara pernyataan berikut, yang manakah menjelaskan maksud perlanggaran
berkesan?
A. The collision where its energy is less than the activation energy
Perlanggaran yang tenaganya kurang daripada tenaga pengaktifan
B. The collision that has a low energy
Perlanggaran yang berlaku mempunyai tenaga yang rendah
C. The collision which takes place before a reaction
Perlanggaran yang berlaku sebelum sesuatu tindak balas
D. The collision that causes a reaction
Perlanggaran yang menghasilkan tindak balas

[SPM 2006]
30.

The following statements area related to the conclusion theory of a reaction.

Pernyataan berikut adalah berkaitan dengan teori perlanggaran bagi satu tindak
balas.
I.
II.
III.
IV.

The total surface area of the reactant particles increases

Jumlah luas permukaan zarah bahan tindak balas bertambah
The kinetic energy of the reactant particles increases
Tenaga kinetik zarah bahan tindak balas bertambah
The frequency of the collision between the reactant particles increases
Frekuensi perlanggaran antara zarah bahan tidak balas bertambah
The number of the reactant particles per one unit of volume increases
Bilangan zarah bahan tindak balas dalam satu unit isipadu bertambah

Which of the following combinations is true about the effect of the rise of temperature
on the reactant particles?
Antara kombinasi berikut, yang manakah benar tentang kesan peningkatan suhu ke
atas zarah bahan tindak balas?
A. I and II only
I dan II sahaja
B. II and III only
II dan III sahaja
C. III and IV only
III dan IV sahaja
D. I and IV only
I dan IV sahaja