RURAL AND URBAN

LIVELIHOODS

Objectives

Rural Livelihood

Main Occupation : Farming

Others
Fishing
Dairy Farming
Cattle Rearing etc.

Urban Livelihood

Occupations other than farming

Teacher, Doctor, Bank employee, etc.

INTRODUCTION

Livelihood refers to occupation or

employment which is necessary to provide
oneself
with basic needs. Based on
location, we can classify livelihoods as:
Rural Livelihood
Urban Livelihood

RURAL LIVELIHOOD
The major livelihood of people in rural areas is farming.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF
FARMERS
A) Landless farmers
1.
2.
3.
4.

They do not have their own land.

Their income is low.
They have to borrow money.
They fall in below poverty line (B.P.L)
list.

B) Marginal farmers
1.

2.

3.

4.

These farmers own very

small piece of land.
Income from land is
inadequate.
They work on other peoples
land.
These farmers are poor and
they too are listed in B.P.L
list.

C) Small farmers

1.
2.

3.
4.

5.
6.

They work on their

own fields.
Crops are consumed
by the farmer and his
family.
They are self
sufficient.
They use primitive
tools, and sometimes
hire tractors etc.
Animal manure is
used.
Food crops like rice,
wheat, barley etc.
are grown.

D) Rich farmers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

They own large lands.

They employ smaller farmers to cultivate their fields.
They use best seeds and pesticides.
They are rich and have all luxuries.
They sell their production in the market.
Sometimes they hoard grains and sell it when prices rise.

Other means of rural livelihood

Cattle rearing
Dairy farming
Fishing

Other Professions in villages

Other professions followed by other members of the Village:
Blacksmiths
Carpenters
Cobblers
Barbers
Washer men
Tailors
Postman

URBAN LIVELIHOOD
In towns and cities, people earn their
livelihood from activities other
than farming.
Jobs available in cities are I.
Office jobs (1)Government offices
(2)Private offices
II.
Opening of malls and shopping plazas
has led to managers, cashiers, shop
assistants, peons, and watchmen
III.
IV.
V.

In educational institutions, hospitals,

banks etc.
Teachers, Doctors, Postmen,
Policemen, domestic servants.
In factories as managers, designers,
engineers, machine operators,
mechanics, and labourers.