Professional Documents
Culture Documents
DNV-OS-H206 Transport and Installation of Subsea Objects PDF
DNV-OS-H206 Transport and Installation of Subsea Objects PDF
DNV-OS-H206
The electronic pdf version of this document found through http://www.dnv.com is the officially binding version
FOREWORD
DNV is a global provider of knowledge for managing risk. Today, safe and responsible business conduct is both a license
to operate and a competitive advantage. Our core competence is to identify, assess, and advise on risk management. From
our leading position in certification, classification, verification, and training, we develop and apply standards and best
practices. This helps our customers safely and responsibly improve their business performance. DNV is an independent
organisation with dedicated risk professionals in more than 100 countries, with the purpose of safeguarding life, property
and the environment.
DNV service documents consist of among others the following types of documents:
Service Specifications. Procedural requirements.
Standards. Technical requirements.
Recommended Practices. Guidance.
This service document has been prepared based on available knowledge, technology and/or information at the time of issuance of this document, and is believed to reflect the best of
contemporary technology. The use of this document by others than DNV is at the user's sole risk. DNV does not accept any liability or responsibility for loss or damages resulting from
any use of this document.
The Standards and Recommended Practices are offered within the following areas:
A) Qualification, Quality and Safety Methodology
B) Materials Technology
C) Structures
D) Systems
E) Special Facilities
F) Pipelines and Risers
G) Asset Operation
H) Marine Operations
J) Cleaner Energy
O) Subsea Systems
U) Unconventional Oil & Gas
CHANGES CURRENT
General
This is a new document.
Det Norske Veritas AS, company registration number 945 748 931, has on 27th November 2013 changed its
name to DNV GL AS. For further information, see www.dnvgl.com. Any reference in this document to
Det Norske Veritas AS or DNV shall therefore also be a reference to DNV GL AS.
General
This is a new document in a series of documents replacing the DNV Rules for Planning and Execution of
Marine Operations (1996/2000); this standard replaces Pt.2 Ch.6. Extensive revisions and/or amendments have
been made, with the following main changes:
Sec.2 General Requirements is new, combining new content with some original text from Section 4 of the
previous Rules.
The simplified method for estimation of dynamic lift loads and relevant soil force/capacities is covered in
DNV-RP-H103 and the items covering these parts in section 2 and 3 in the Rules are hence omitted.
Section 2 and 3 are now section 3 and 7 respectively and they have been considerably re-written.
Three (3) new sections have been added:
CONTENTS
CHANGES CURRENT ................................................................................................................... 3
Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 8
1.1
1.2
1.3
Application .................................................................................................................................................... 8
1.1.1 General ............................................................................................................................................... 8
1.1.2 Complementary standards ................................................................................................................. 8
1.1.3 Conditions for use .............................................................................................................................. 8
References....................................................................................................................................................... 8
1.2.1 Numbering and cross references ........................................................................................................ 8
Definitions..................................................................................................................................................... 10
1.3.1 Verbal forms..................................................................................................................................... 10
1.3.2 Terminology ..................................................................................................................................... 10
1.3.3 Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................... 10
1.3.4 Symbols............................................................................................................................................ 11
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
Planning ........................................................................................................................................................ 12
2.1.1 General ............................................................................................................................................. 12
2.1.2 Operation period............................................................................................................................... 12
2.1.3 Environmental conditions ................................................................................................................ 12
2.1.4 Critical design parameters................................................................................................................ 12
2.1.5 Installation site survey ..................................................................................................................... 13
2.1.6 Route survey..................................................................................................................................... 13
2.1.7 Risk management ............................................................................................................................. 13
Documentation ............................................................................................................................................. 13
2.2.1 General ............................................................................................................................................. 13
2.2.2 Design documentation...................................................................................................................... 13
2.2.3 Operation manual ............................................................................................................................. 14
Lifting appliances......................................................................................................................................... 14
2.3.1 Crane ................................................................................................................................................ 14
2.3.2 Other lifting appliances .................................................................................................................... 14
Load and motion limiting systems.............................................................................................................. 15
2.4.1 General ............................................................................................................................................. 15
2.4.2 Active heave compensation systems................................................................................................ 15
2.4.3 Passive heave compensation systems .............................................................................................. 16
Lifting equipment ........................................................................................................................................ 17
2.5.1 General ............................................................................................................................................ 17
2.5.2 Design considerations ...................................................................................................................... 17
2.5.3 Wet-storage of lifting equipment ..................................................................................................... 18
2.5.4 Custom-made lifting equipment....................................................................................................... 18
2.5.5 Lifting tools...................................................................................................................................... 18
2.5.6 Test lift ............................................................................................................................................. 18
Guiding and positioning systems ................................................................................................................ 19
2.6.1 General ............................................................................................................................................. 19
2.6.2 Control of lift.................................................................................................................................... 19
2.6.3 Guide lines/guide wires.................................................................................................................... 19
2.6.4 Bumpers and guides ......................................................................................................................... 19
Installation aids ............................................................................................................................................ 20
2.7.1 General ............................................................................................................................................. 20
2.7.2 Design considerations ...................................................................................................................... 20
2.7.3 Design factor .................................................................................................................................... 20
Miscellaneous systems ................................................................................................................................. 20
2.8.1 Dynamic positioning systems .......................................................................................................... 20
2.8.2 Ballasting systems............................................................................................................................ 21
2.8.3 Atmospheric diving systems ............................................................................................................ 21
ROV operations............................................................................................................................................ 22
2.9.1 Planning............................................................................................................................................ 22
2.9.2 Schedule and contingency................................................................................................................ 22
2.9.3 Maintenance and tests ...................................................................................................................... 22
2.9.4 ROV Tools ....................................................................................................................................... 23
2.9.5 Operation.......................................................................................................................................... 23
2.9.6 Navigation ........................................................................................................................................ 23
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
2.10
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.3
4.4
4.5
Loads ............................................................................................................................................................. 26
3.1.1 General ............................................................................................................................................. 26
3.1.2 Loadcases and analysis .................................................................................................................... 26
Vessel motions and accelerations................................................................................................................ 26
3.2.1 General ............................................................................................................................................. 26
3.2.2 Characteristic vessel motions generated by wind seas..................................................................... 27
3.2.3 Characteristic vessel motions generated by swell ............................................................................ 27
Loads ............................................................................................................................................................. 27
3.3.1 Weight and buoyancy....................................................................................................................... 27
3.3.2 Hydrostatic loads.............................................................................................................................. 27
3.3.3 Environmental loads......................................................................................................................... 28
3.3.4 Accidental loads ............................................................................................................................... 28
3.3.5 Pull-down and pull-in loads ............................................................................................................. 28
3.3.6 Off-lead, side-lead forces and horizontal offset ............................................................................... 28
3.3.7 Loads during positioning.................................................................................................................. 28
3.3.8 Other loads ....................................................................................................................................... 29
Structural design.......................................................................................................................................... 29
3.4.1 General ............................................................................................................................................. 29
3.4.2 Object ............................................................................................................................................... 29
3.4.3 Bumpers and Guides ........................................................................................................................ 29
3.4.4 Rigging lay down and securing........................................................................................................ 29
3.4.5 Seafastening and supporting structures ............................................................................................ 29
3.4.6 Inspection ......................................................................................................................................... 29
General.......................................................................................................................................................... 31
4.1.1 Application ....................................................................................................................................... 31
Submerged towing ....................................................................................................................................... 31
4.2.1 General ............................................................................................................................................. 31
4.2.2 Submerged tow of objects attached to installation vessel ................................................................ 31
4.2.3 Submerged tow of objects attached to towed buoy.......................................................................... 31
4.2.4 Surface or sub-surface tow of long slender elements....................................................................... 32
4.2.5 Loads and analyses........................................................................................................................... 32
Bundles.......................................................................................................................................................... 32
4.3.1 General ............................................................................................................................................. 32
4.3.2 Load-out of bundles ......................................................................................................................... 33
4.3.3 Towing of bundles............................................................................................................................ 33
Pipelines, risers, cables and umbilicals ..................................................................................................... 34
4.4.1 General ............................................................................................................................................. 34
4.4.2 Load out by lifting............................................................................................................................ 34
4.4.3 Load-out by spooling ....................................................................................................................... 34
4.4.4 Sea transport..................................................................................................................................... 34
Pipe joints ..................................................................................................................................................... 35
4.5.1 General ............................................................................................................................................. 35
4.5.2 Load out by lifting............................................................................................................................ 35
4.5.3 Sea Transport ................................................................................................................................... 35
4.5.4 Offshore pipe loading....................................................................................................................... 35
Subsea lifting............................................................................................................................ 36
5.1
5.2
General.......................................................................................................................................................... 36
5.1.1 Application ....................................................................................................................................... 36
Loads and analysis ....................................................................................................................................... 36
5.2.1 Loads ................................................................................................................................................ 36
5.2.2 Combination of loads ...................................................................................................................... 36
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
General.......................................................................................................................................................... 43
6.1.1 Application ....................................................................................................................................... 43
6.1.2 Risk management ............................................................................................................................. 43
Operational planning................................................................................................................................... 44
6.2.1 General ............................................................................................................................................. 44
6.2.2 Operation period............................................................................................................................... 44
6.2.3 Continuous operations...................................................................................................................... 44
6.2.4 Safety and contingency .................................................................................................................... 44
6.2.5 Operation manual ............................................................................................................................. 44
Installation spread, aids and ancillary equipment.................................................................................... 44
6.3.1 Installation spread ............................................................................................................................ 44
6.3.2 Calibration and testing .................................................................................................................... 45
6.3.3 Installation aids and ancillary equipment......................................................................................... 45
6.3.4 Abandonment and recovery system ................................................................................................. 45
6.3.5 In-line and termination structures .................................................................................................... 46
6.3.6 (Platform) Pull-in winch systems..................................................................................................... 46
Loads and design.......................................................................................................................................... 46
6.4.1 Loads ................................................................................................................................................ 46
6.4.2 Load effects ...................................................................................................................................... 47
6.4.3 Limit states ....................................................................................................................................... 47
6.4.4 Failure modes ................................................................................................................................... 47
Installation - General................................................................................................................................... 48
6.5.1 General ............................................................................................................................................. 48
6.5.2 Initiation .......................................................................................................................................... 48
6.5.3 Laying ............................................................................................................................................. 48
6.5.4 Lay monitoring................................................................................................................................. 48
6.5.5 Lay-down ......................................................................................................................................... 49
6.5.6 Shore pull ......................................................................................................................................... 49
Product specific installation requirements ................................................................................................ 50
6.6.1 Pipeline system installation.............................................................................................................. 50
6.6.2 Riser, umbilical and cable installation ............................................................................................. 50
6.6.3 J-tube pull-in of flexible risers, flexibles pipelines, umbilicals and cables ..................................... 50
6.6.4 Bundle and pipe string installation................................................................................................... 51
6.6.5 Tie-in of pipe strings and bundles ................................................................................................... 51
Tie-in operations .......................................................................................................................................... 51
6.7.1 Application ...................................................................................................................................... 51
6.7.2 General ............................................................................................................................................. 51
7.3
7.2
SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Application
1.1.1 General
1.1.1.1 This standard, DNV-OS-H206 - Loadout, transport and installation of subsea objects, provides
requirements, recommendations and guidance for loadout, transport and installation of subsea objects.
1.1.1.2 The standard applies to subsea objects being lowered to their final position on the seabed by cranes or
other means, or pulled down or ballasted from the sea surface. Typical objects covered are subsea structures,
pipelines, umbilicals, bundles, cables and risers.
1.1.2.2 General recommendations for planning, loads associated with and the design of marine operations are
given in DNV-OS-H101 and DNV-OS-H102.
1.1.2.4 For positioning and station keeping of installation vessels, relevant requirements in DNV-OS-H203
should be considered.
1.2 References
1.2.1 Numbering and cross references
1.2.1.1 Table 1-1 defines the numbering system used throughout this standard, in comparison with that
adopted in some of the DNV-H series of offshore standards, published to date. See Table 1-2.
1.2.1.2 The text in this standard includes references to the documents listed in Table 1-2. If indicated where
the references are given, the referenced text shall be considered as part of this standard.
Table 1-1 Numbering
Level
Sections
Sub-Sections
Paragraphs
Items
Numbering
1
1.1
1.1.1
1.1.1.1
1.2.1.3 Requirements herein are based on the document revisions listed in Table 1-2; however the latest
revision shall normally be applicable, unless otherwise agreed.
Guidance note:
The agreement should be made (normally through contracts) between the parties involved, typically Company,
Contractors and MWS.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
1.1.2.3 Complementary guidance and recommendations for lifting operations in air are given in DNV-OSH205.
Revision
Oct 2012
Oct 2013
Oct 2010
Oct 2011
Jan 2012
Apr 2012
See note
Feb 2012
Nov 2013
Apr 2014
Title
Underwater Deployment and Recovery Systems
Submarine Pipeline Systems
Dynamic Risers
Marine Operations, General (VMO Standard Part 1-1)
Marine Operations, Design & Fabrication (VMO Standard Part 1-2)
Load Transfer Operations (VMO Standard Part 2-1)
Sea Transport (VMO Standard Part 2-2)
Transit and Positioning of Offshore Units (VMO Standard Part 2-3)
Offshore Installation Operations (VMO Standard Part 2-4)
Lifting Operations (VMO Standard Part 2-5)
Note:
Publication of the complete DNV-OS H-series is planned during the period October 2011 - January 2015. Each OS will enter into force
on the date of publication. Until the OS is published the relevant requirements in DNV - Rules for Planning and Execution of Marine
Operations shall be considered governing.
1.2.1.4 The documents listed in Table 1-3 include information that through references in this text, clarify and
indicate acceptable methods of fulfilling the requirements given in this standard.
1.2.1.5 The latest revision of the informative references should normally be considered.
ISO-13628-5
ISO-13628-11
API 17E
API 17J
API 17B
Title
Risk Management in Marine- and Subsea Operations
Marine Operations during Removal of Offshore Installations
Modelling and Analysis of Marine Operations
Environmental Conditions and Environmental Loads
Qualification Procedure for New Technology
Subsea Power Cables in Shallow Water Renewable Energy Applications
Subsea Lifting (Planned issued October 2014)
DNV Standard for Certification No 2.7-3 Portable Offshore Units
DNV Rules for Classification of Ships
Offshore Fibre Ropes
DNV Classification Note 30.4 Foundations
GL Noble Denton Guidelines for Submarine Pipeline Installation
GL Noble Denton Guidelines for Offshore Wind Farm Infrastructure Installation
Guidelines for vessels with dynamic positioning systems
Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) Services
Remotely Operated Vehicle Intervention During Diving Operations
International Code of Practice for Offshore Diving
Design and operation of subsea production systems - Part 2: Unbonded flexible pipe systems for
subsea and marine applications
Design and operation of subsea production systems - Part 5: Subsea umbilicals
Design and operation of subsea production systems - Part 11: Flexible pipe systems for subsea
and marine applications
Specification for Subsea Umbilicals, Fourth Edition (ISO 13628-5:2009, Identical Adoption)
Specification for Unbonded Flexible Pipe
Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe
1.3 Definitions
1.3.1 Verbal forms
1.3.1.1 Verbal forms of special importance are defined as indicated below in this standard.
Table 1-4 Verbal forms
Term
Shall
Should
May
Definition
Verbal form used to indicate requirements strictly to be followed in order to conform to the document.
Verbal form used to indicate that among several possibilities one is recommended as particularly suitable,
without mentioning or excluding others, or that a certain course of action is preferred but not necessarily
required.
Verbal form used to indicate a course of action permissible within the limits of the document.
1.3.2 Terminology
1.3.2.1 Terms of special importance are defined as indicated below in this standard. See also DNV-OS-H101
for general terms and DNV-OS-H205 for lifting related terms.
Term
Characteristic condition:
Characteristic load:
Design load:
Design sea state:
Object:
Product:
Short term wave
condition:
Significant wave height:
Snap force:
Description
A condition which has a defined probability of being exceeded within a defined time period,
see also DNV-OS-H101 Sec.3 A300.
The reference value of a load to be used in the determination of load effects. See also DNVOS-H102, Table 3-1.
The design value of a load found by combining the relevant characteristic load(s) multiplied
by the appropriate load factor(s).
The short term wave condition which forms a basis for the design and design verification.
The structure handled during the marine operation, typically a structure, pipeline, cable, riser,
umbilical etc. that will be permanently installed subsea.
This is used as a collective term for the various objects covered in Sec.6.
A wave condition where significant wave height and zero crossing wave period are assumed
constant in the duration time, typically 3 hrs.
Four times the standard deviation of the surface elevation in a short term wave condition
(approximately equal to the average wave height associated with the highest third of all
waves).
Short-duration dynamic force associated with sudden changes in velocity of a lifted object,
or sudden tensioning of a slack cable system, e.g. in the case of uncontrolled lift-off from
a supply vessel or sea-bed, and/or during uncontrolled deployment/recovery through the
splash-zone.
Average wave period, i.e. average time interval between upward or downward crossings of
the still water level by the water surface.
1.3.3 Abbreviations
1.3.3.1 The list below defines abbreviations used within this standard:
ADS
AHC
ALS
CoB
CoG
DAF
DAFconv
DP
FMEA
HAZOP
MBL
MPI
PHC
ROV
TLP
ULS
UT
VIV
1.3.4 Symbols
AROV
dcab
Fcur
Fhyd
Fpd
Fsnap
Fstatic
Fstatic-min
Fstatic-max
Ftotal
g
Hs
K
lcab
m
TR
vcur
ct
1.3.4.1 The list below defines symbols used within this standard:
Guidance note:
A subsea installation operation could comprise several sub-operations, each with different limiting environmental
criteria.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
2.1.3.2 All possible environmental conditions (see DNV-OS-H101 Sec.3) shall be evaluated and considered
during planning.
water depth
tide
on bottom visibility
accuracy of survey equipment
available current data
wave/wind statistics for area in question
the expected operation reference period
expected time to reverse the operation
type of operation
contingency procedures, e.g. retrieval or abandonment of object
type of installation vessel/equipment
weather forecast and monitoring uncertainties
vessel response characteristics
deck handling/over-boarding restrictions
type of lifting gear
crane capacity and specifications
weight of crane wire (in deep water)
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
2.1.3.1 Subsea installation operations will normally be weather restricted; planning should include a thorough
evaluation of the expected environmental conditions to ensure that there will be adequate weather windows for
the planned operations.
2.2 Documentation
2.2.1 General
2.2.1.1 General requirements for documentation are given in DNV-OS-H101 Sec.2 B.
2.1.5.2 In general, installation site surveys should be carried out as described in DNV-OS-H204 Sec.2 [4.3].
2.2.2.2 If monitoring is used as a means of operational control, expected target monitoring results should be
documented by calculation. Target monitoring values and acceptable tolerances on them should be clearly
defined.
2.3.2.3 Structures, such as A-frames, forming part of a lifting appliance intended for subsea lifts should
normally fulfil the design, fabrication and test requirements applicable to cranes; see DNV-OS-H205 [2.2].
Guidance note:
Alternatively, it can be acceptable to define these parts as structures, see DNV-OS-H205 Sec.5. Normally this
approach would apply to temporary lifting appliances, used for specific operation(s). Note also Table 5-1 in
DNV-OS-H205.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
2.3.2.4 If traction winches are used for deep water installations, due considerations shall be made to the
possible failure modes of the rope.
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
2.2.3.2 The items listed below should be adequately covered in the manual. A clear reference to the documents
where this information could be found may normally be considered as adequately covered.
Guidance note:
System performance will depend on the type of rope and winch design. Discard criteria for the rope should be
established based on relevant failure modes identified. See DNV-OS-E303 Offshore fibre ropes (Condition
Management Program).
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
2.4.1.2 Load and motion limiting systems shall be designed, fabricated, installed and tested in accordance with
relevant recognised codes and standards, see DNV-OS-H101 Sec.1 B305.
2.4.1.3 Adequate capacity and functionality for the intended use shall be documented. A thorough description
of the system and its use during the planned lifting operation shall be provided.
Guidance note:
Typical elements to be evaluated are structural capacity, hydraulic capacity, sufficient stroke length, power supply,
adequate cooling etc.
2.4.1.4 Unless adequate reliability can be documented, contingency cases considering malfunction of the load
/ motion limiting system shall be investigated. Calculations may be carried out assuming accidental limit state
(ALS).
Guidance note:
Adequate reliability implies a documented risk of catastrophic failure less than 1/10,000 per operation. Hence, if the
risk of malfunction is greater than 1/10.000 the possible consequence of malfunction, which could be catastrophic
failure, should be analysed. All possible failure modes of load limiting systems should be identified using applicable
risk identification techniques and methods as described in DNV-OS-H101 Sec.2 C200. It should be documented that
the installation can be safely completed or abandoned at all times, without jeopardizing the integrity of the object.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
2.4.2.2 Efficiency of the heave compensator (in terms of stroke length and /or max pay out/in speed) shall
generally not be taken higher than 80% of the theoretical operational values.
Guidance note 1:
A safety factor of 0.9 on the stated and documented efficiency reduction factor is recommended, i.e. if the heave comp
system has 90% stated / documented efficiency, the maximum efficiency factor should be 0.9 0.9 0.8, or 80%.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
Guidance note 2:
The test results and operational records used to derive the efficiency factor should be based on data from operations
where the environmental conditions, depth, weight of object and other effects influencing the performance of the
heave compensation system are comparable with those of the planned operation.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
2.4.2.3 The motion (and if applicable, load) reducing effect of an AHC system should normally be applied
during sub-operations of limited duration only, e.g. final landing, final positioning or initial phase of retrieval
of a subsea object.
Guidance note:
Acceptable duration of AHC operations should be evaluated based on the criticality of the operation and the reliability
record of the AHC.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
2.4.2.4 Characteristics and performance of AHC systems shall be documented (see [2.4.1.3]). Performance
may be documented by testing and relevant operational records.
Guidance note:
Guidelines for performance of AHC systems are presented in DNV-RP-H201 App.C.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
2.4.2.5 If there is a high risk of significant suction forces and/or soil friction, the appropriate crane mode and
its limitations should be duly considered as indicated below:
AHC mode shall only be used in combination with measures to avoid excessive loads.
Guidance note:
Lifting off in AHC mode can give the crane operator control of the lifting speed. There is however a risk of excessive
loading.
Tension Control mode shall be used only in combination with measures to avoid excessive speed.
Guidance note:
Whilst lifting off in Tension Control mode can provide the crane operator with tension control, there is a risk of
excessive lifting speeds.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
2.4.3.2 The characteristics and performance of the PHC system shall be documented (see [2.4.1.3]). The
performance of the system can be documented by testing and/or operational records.
Guidance note 1:
Guidelines for performance of PHC systems are presented in DNV-RP-H201 App.C
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
Guidance note 2:
PHC systems can be set up in different ways e.g. with full stroke available to resist loads above the threshold setting
or with the stroke divided so that both load increases and reductions can be absorbed (within the available part-stroke
lengths).
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
Guidance note 3:
If the rigging includes multiple PHC systems the stability of the system should be demonstrated.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
2.4.3.3 If relevant, efficiency of the heave compensator in terms of stroke length and /or max pay out/in speed
should generally not be taken higher than 80% of the theoretical operating range.
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
Guidance note:
To use an efficiency factor of 80%, system performance of 90% of theoretical values should be documented.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
2.5.1.2 Subsea lifting equipment materials must be carefully selected to take account of the potential failure
mechanisms that may be caused or accelerated by the environment such as galvanic corrosion, stress corrosion
cracking or the effects of cathodic protection systems.
Guidance note 1:
If adequate lift stability is not obvious by inspection, the risk of overturning should be evaluated, documented and
mitigated. Adequate stability of the object should be ensured considering:
all possible unfavourable combinations of sling loads, buoyancy, CoB and CoG (CB and CG), see also DNV-RPH103 [3.6] and [5.6.1.6]
vertical wave loads
horizontal (differential) wave loads
current loads
lift dynamics.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
Guidance note 2:
Due to buoyancy, the tilt of the lifted object can change when being submerged. This should be considered when
defining the optimal tilt in air and water.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
2.5.2.4 Lifting equipment should be designed with attention given to the planned subsea release/connection of
the rigging.
2.5.2.5 Lift points and exposed areas of the lifted object should be designed to allow slackening of lifting wires
and release and controlled recovery of rigging items without snagging.
2.5.2.6 All lifting equipment shall as a minimum incorporate one safety barrier / retention mechanism (safety
latch, split-pin/cotter-pin etc.), itself being adequately secured and protected against accidental release.
Guidance note:
These safety barriers / mechanisms should not be affected by lifting or external loads.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
2.5.2.7 For lifting operations with dynamic forces that are large relative to the static weight of the object, it is
considered normal practise to incorporate a minimum of two safety barriers, again suitably protected against
accidental release. The primary safety barrier should have adequate strength to accommodate any possible load
direction.
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
2.5.2.3 Lift point layout and rigging design shall ensure adequate stability and acceptable tilt of the object
during all phases.
Guidance note:
ROV spring safety latch hooks should be avoided if there is any possibility of slack slings/snap forces. This because
even if the latch has a secondary release barrier the hook may come out of position and the latch take the load which
it is not dimensioned for.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
2.5.2.8 Lifting equipment containing hydraulic, pneumatic or other remotely operated release mechanisms,
shall be designed to fail safe.
2.5.2.9 Structural lifting elements, like spreader bars, lifting frames, etc. should preferably be free flooding. If
not, free flooding maximum depth rating to be calculated and marked on the equipment, see [3.3.2.1].
2.5.2.10 If trunnion-type lift points are used, slings should be mechanically secured against significant
displacement and unintended release during phases of variable sling load.
2.5.2.11 The lifting arrangement should have sufficient length to allow crane hook to be connected at deck
level in order to avoid working at height on board the installation vessel/barge.
Guidance note:
If not possible e.g. due to lifting height a proper plan for the hooking on including if required physical means as
rigging platforms, etc. needs to be in place.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
2.5.3.3 The destructive effect of cyclic loading shall be considered for equipment subject to such loading
during wet-storage (e.g. pick-up lines connected to buoys).
2.5.5.2 It shall be documented that the tool cannot accidentally release due to varying loads (typically low
tension) in the lift system.
2.5.5.3 Lifting tools designed for remote subsea release shall have a back-up release mechanism.
2.5.6.2 If the required tolerance on tilt of a submerged object is small (e.g. due to the need to engage with guide
posts), a subsea test-lift should also be considered.
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
2.5.3.2 If storage periods beyond normal inspection intervals are anticipated, the means for satisfying any
formal and regular inspection requirements should be agreed.
Guidance note:
The main purpose of this test is to find the tilt of the object in submerged condition. See also [2.5.2.3] GN 2. The
evaluation of need for testing should consider possible corrective action based on test results and the level of
confidence in CoG/CoB positions.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
2.6.2.3 Subsea disconnection of tugger lines should be suitably planned. If ROVs are to be used for
disconnecting tugger lines, consideration should be given to the limitations and recommendations in [2.9.1].
Guidance note:
The above is also applicable for retrieval/backloading of heavy rigging, spreaderbars, installation tools etc.
2.6.4.3 The design of guiding systems should consider contingency cases and should not limit retrieval of the
object.
2.6.4.4 Due consideration shall be paid to the possibility of the object/structure becoming jammed in the guide
system.
Guidance note:
Primary and a secondary guiding systems can be required to install structures with smaller tolerances than can be
safely achieved (e.g. without risk of jamming) by one system alone. Two independent guiding systems can also be
required in cases where large motions are expected. The primary system should be designed according [2.6.4.1] and
[2.6.4.2]; the secondary guiding system being designed to resist residual forces and achieve final alignment/
installation.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
2.6.4.5 Design requirements for bumpers and guides are given in [3.4.3].
2.7.2.2 Temporary attachments having the potential to damage the structure or other equipment should be
removed after final use without undue delay.
2.7.2.3 The use of surface-supplied gas/hydraulic power to connect/lock the object to a pre-installed seabed
unit should be avoided. If used, the risk of sustaining of mechanical damage during lowering/positioning
should be assessed and minimised; a sufficient back up system can be necessary to mitigate undue risk.
2.7.2.4 Subsea sheaves, blocks and other equipment that require lubrication during operation should have
closed or pressure-compensated lubrication systems.
2.8.1.3 DP capability should be continuously monitored throughout the operation, and the operation should be
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
2.7.2.1 Installation aids should be located such that they are not damaged during preceding operations, e.g.
lifting of structures, handling of piles, opening/closing of hatches, etc.
safely terminated if the DP-vessel will no longer be able to keep position if the single failure criterion
applicable to the equipment class should occur. In this context deterioration of environmental conditions and
the necessary time to safely terminate the operation should also be taken into consideration. Possible increase
in current forces and uncertainty in the weather forecasting (see DNV-OS-H101) shall be accounted for.
Guidance note:
DP capability plots should be used to verify power/thrust availability based on expected environmental conditions.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
2.8.1.4 Should a stand-off mode be impossible, preparations for abandoning or retrieval of an object should be
made in due time, prior to reaching the consequence analysis alarm.
Guidance note:
Stand-off mode is defined as a situation where operation is discontinued and vessel/product/object is temporarily held
in a safe condition. The Stand-off mode shall be designed as a safe condition as defined in DNV-OS-H101 Sec.2
A102. Adequate planning should be made to accommodate any vessel heading limitations and object handling
restrictions.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
2.8.1.5 Minimum clearances between a DP vessel and any fixed or floating structures shall be defined
considering the minimum clearances indicated in DNV-OS-H203 Sec.5 C200, see also DNV-OS-H205
[2.3.3.5].
Guidance note:
The DP procedure shall as a minimum include:
a description of the work that is planned performed
weather criteria (force and direction)
minimum distances between vessels
pre-operation DP testing requirements
foot print testing should be included if found relevant based on the required station keeping accuracy
reference systems setup, including evaluation of possible shadow effects on aerials and thrust interference on
hydro-acoustic transducers
engine room and switchboards configuration
communication procedures, internally and between vessels
copy of HAZOP/risk analysis findings and risk reducing measures
training/competence level of key DP personnel.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
2.8.1.6 For complex and/or close proximity DP operations involving one or more DP vessels, a DP operation
procedure shall be presented.
2.8.3.4 Operational reliability should be documented through presentation of dive logs, maintenance records
etc.
2.8.3.5 It should be documented that the ADS system is capable of operating under the given design and
operational criteria.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
2.9.1.4 All essential ROV interfaces should have appropriate grab bars or other means for stabilizing ROV.
2.9.2.2 Realistic ROV recovery time, both for planned maintenance and repairs shall be taken into account
during planning of the operation.
2.9.2.3 Subsea operations, where operation reference period is based on there being at least one operational
ROV at all times, should be equipped with at least two independent ROV spreads. The need for backup of
essential ROV tools should be assessed and if applicable the time needed to switch ROV tools/skids between
ROVs should be accounted for in the planning.
2.9.2.4 The ROV crew should be sufficient to provide 24 hours (around the clock) operability.
Guidance note:
Time/schedule critical ROV operations always implies 24hrs coverage, but such coverage may be deemed not
necessary on some ROVs and OBSROVs.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
Guidance note:
ROV operations involving moving targets should not normally be undertaken and any ROV manipulator or tooling
operation that requires the pilot to actively control the position of the ROV during performance of the task should be
avoided.
2.9.3.3 Function testing of ROV, ROV equipment and survey spread should be part of the test program
described in [2.10.4.1].
2.9.5 Operation
2.9.5.1 If complex operations reliant on the skill of the ROV operator alone cannot be avoided, ROV operator
experience shall be evaluated - training sessions specially adapted for the proposed operation can be
appropriate.
Guidance note:
See also [2.9.1.2]c, [2.9.3.2] and [2.10.5.2].
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
2.9.5.2 ROV thruster capacity for time critical operations should be at least 30% higher than the maximum
expected current force acting on the ROV and its umbilical.
dcab:
lcab:
AROV:
vcur:
2.9.5.3 For operations using both ROV(s) and diver(s), any restrictions on simultaneous working should be
clarified and considered in advance.
Guidance note:
For guidance on safety considerations that should be taken into account when divers are working with or in the vicinity
of ROVs, see AODC 032 Remotely Operated Vehicle Intervention during Diving Operations. These considerations
include entanglement of umbilicals, physical contact and electrical hazards.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
2.9.5.4 Wire cutting by use of ROVs should only be performed on slack wire ropes or on ropes with very low
tension, e.g. carrying own weight only.
2.9.6 Navigation
2.9.6.1 Means for locating and tracking of the ROV from the surface are required for navigational purposes
and emergency recovery.
Guidance note:
There is a potential risk of acoustic interference, such as shadowing or noise under several conditions, for example if
several vessels are operating in the same area. Frequencies for acoustic beacons should be selected to avoid
interference.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
Guidance note:
The horizontal current force on the ROV and the submerged cable may be taken as:
Fcur = 0.615(dcab lcab + AROV) vcur 2[kN]
where
Guidance note:
The launch and recovery system should incorporate a guide/cursor system to ensure controlled clearance with
vessel side during lowering through the splash zone.
Overboard launching and retrieval of large ROV's should not take place in sea states exceeding 2.5-3.0 m (Hs) if
not the ability to operate in a safe manner under more severe conditions has been documented.
Moon-pool ROV operations may be extended to Hs < 5-6 m, depending on the motion characteristics of the vessel.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
2.9.7.3 Launch and recovery shall as much as practically possible take place at safe distance from sensitive
subsea infrastructure.
2.9.8 Monitoring
2.9.8.1 Video monitoring of all Subsea operations should in general be provided, e.g. ROV, diver-operated,
etc. Any critical part of the operation should be performed with such monitoring.
2.9.8.2 All diving and complex Work-ROV operations should be monitored by independent ROV with
monitoring as its only task.
2.9.8.3 The ROV used for monitoring subsea operations should, as far as practically possible, be operated from
the installation vessel.
2.9.8.4 If the ROV operation has to be performed by a vessel other than the installation vessel, the stability and
reliability of the video-link system between the vessels shall be proven under the given conditions.
Guidance note:
Some operations can require a large horizontal distance between the installation vessel and the observation ROV, thus
necessitating a separate ROV vessel. The video-link should be tested prior to start of operation.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
2.9.9.1 ROV equipment capacities shall be chosen to suit the relevant depth.
Guidance note:
Both the ROV and any ROV tooling should be depth rated, and their stated depth limitation should not be exceeded.
General wear on the complete ROV spread during deep water operations is more extensive than during moderate
depth operations, it is important therefore that all required maintenance is done prior to operation. During deep water
operations special attention shall be given to lubrication systems which can be affected by the external water pressure.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
2.9.9.2 Current forces acting on the umbilical and ROV shall be defined, see [2.9.5.2].
2.9.9.3 Potential effects due to resonance in wires, cables, umbilicals, etc. shall be investigated and accounted
for in the design.
2.10.2.2 Effects of unexpected environmental conditions such as swell and current could be critical - the
forecast and/or monitoring shall include all relevant parameters.
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
2.10.4 Testing
2.10.4.2 If required system integration testing should be carried out onshore, proving that integration of all
components and tooling can be achieved. This can involve the manufacture / mock-up of simulation models.
If mock-ups are used, great care shall be taken to ensure that they replicate the actual item.
2.10.5 Organization
2.10.5.1 General requirements for the organisation, personnel qualifications and communication during
offshore installation operations are given in DNV-OS-H101 Sec.4 E.
2.10.5.2 The feasibility of subsea operations often relies on the correct completion of tasks by ROV - it should
therefore be ensured that ROV operators have the necessary experience and skills.
Guidance note:
Recommendations for manning level and ROV crew qualifications are given in NORSOK U-102, Section 6.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
2.10.6.3 For lifting/handling objects over the side of a vessel, risks relating to dropped objects should be
considered, see DNV-OS-H102 Sec.3 F300.
Guidance note:
For lifting operations taking place over a vessel side it is normally recommended to establish a safe over boarding
distance from any subsea assets following the principles in DNV-OS-H102 Sec.3 F303.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
2.10.4.1 Applicable integration testing should be carried out. Equipment subject to such testing shall be clearly
identified in the test program, see DNV-OS-H101 Sec.4 F200.
3.1.1.2 Loads associated with lifting in air (described in DNV-OS-H205 Sec.3) will normally be applicable
also for subsea lifting operations.
3.1.1.3 All loads should be assessed and categorized as indicated in DNV-OS-H102 Sec.3.
3.1.1.4 Vessel motions will normally have a significant effect on loads experienced during offshore operations
and should be assessed accordingly. See [3.2].
3.2.1.3 Moderate and low sea states in open sea areas are often composed of both wind wave systems and
swell. All relevant combinations of wind seas and swell should be considered, ref. DNV-OS-H101 Sec.3 C100.
Guidance note 1:
The wave conditions in a sea state can be divided into two classes, i.e. wind seas and swell. Wind seas are generated
by local wind, while swell is not. Swell seas are waves that have travelled out of the areas where they were generated.
Note that several swell components can be present at any given location.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
Guidance note 2:
For subsea lifting operations it is normally sufficient to consider the most unfavourable relevant combination(s) of
simultaneous wind seas and swell. As a minimum the combination of wind seas and swell acting with 90 (or 270)
difference in propagation direction should be considered. The combination of head (or stern) wind seas and swell with
propagation direction towards the crane side of the vessel/object deployment side of vessel will normally be more
severe than swell propagating in the opposite direction.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
3.1.2.4 Further requirements for different types of subsea operations are given in Sec.4, Sec.5 and Sec.6.
3.2.2.2 For subsea (lift) operations that are to be performed independent of vessel heading, vessel response
should be analysed for wave directions at least 15 off the vessel heading stated in the procedure.
3.2.2.3 Short crested sea with spreading n = 2 used in the directional function, ref. DNV-OS-H101 Sec.3 C902,
should be applied for operations that are independent of vessel heading.
Guidance note:
DNV-RP-H103 indicates that, for some cases, it can be acceptable to perform calculations for long-crested seas only.
If long-crested sea is used for simplicity, the following applies:
Vessel response should be analysed for wave directions at least 20 outside the vessel heading range. The heading
range should normally be taken as a minimum of 15, but in some cases 10 can be acceptable. Hence, in the latter
case the analysis should be carried out with vessel target heading 30.
Note that if neither other headings nor swell (see [3.2.2.1] and [3.2.3.1]) is considered, the operational limiting swell
(from other directions than the wind generated sea) should be set to zero (i.e. negligible).
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
Guidance note:
For vessel lifting operations, the following swell periods can be critical:
Swell periods coinciding with vessel roll and pitch natural period.
Swell period coinciding with natural period (eigenperiod) for horizontal motion (pendulum motion) of the lifted
object in air, given by DNV-RP-H103 [9.2.1.6].
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
3.3 Loads
3.3.1 Weight and buoyancy
3.3.1.1 The object weight, CoG, buoyancy and CoB should be defined according to DNV-OS-H102 Sec.3 C.
3.3.1.2 Maximum tolerances on CoG and CoB shall be defined with due consideration given to object stability,
criticality and sensitivity of the same during lowering through the wave zone, see [5.2.3.6].
3.3.1.3 The buoyancy and CoB will vary when passing through the splash zone. This shall be taken into
account whenever relevant.
3.3.2.2 Objects flooded during submergence shall have sufficient openings to allow the effective escape of air,
considering planned lowering speed.
Guidance note:
It may be necessary to suspend the object for a period of time below water (at a depth unaffected by waves) to allow
complete flooding, before lowering to depth.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
3.2.3.1 Critical swell periods should be identified and considered in the design verification, see DNV-OSH101 Sec.3 C1000.
3.3.2.3 The possibility of entrapped air should be evaluated and included in calculations when relevant. Loss
of stability, risk of implosion and slack slings should at least be investigated.
Guidance note:
Alternatively, for welded steel structures the above requirement could be documented by calculations showing that
the (plastic) design capacity in ULS of the connection is equal or greater than the hoist line MBL. The main input
parameters are in this case:
Design load in ULS = 1.0 MBL of hoist line.
Steel characteristic resistance, see DNV-OS-H102 Sec.5 A500.
Material factor, see DNV-OS-H102 Sec. 5 B400.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
Guidance note 2:
For an axially stiff cable with negligible bending stiffness the offset of a vertical cable with a heavy weight at the end
of the cable in an arbitrary current with unidirectional velocity profile may be calculated according to DNV-RP-H103
[5.2.2.1].
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
3.3.5.3 In general, the hoist line should constitute the weak link in the system. The ultimate capacity (MBL)
of attachment brackets, e.g. attachment of hoist line to the object, attachment of sheave to the bottom structure,
etc., should as a minimum be 1.3 times the MBL of the attached line.
3.3.7.2 Reaction forces from the soil should be determined and accounted for. See Sec.7.
Guidance note:
Such loads may be foundation reactions at seabed impact and suction forces, if an object needs to be recovered or
repositioned.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
3.3.7.3 Both ULS and ALS loads from the guiding and positioning systems shall be defined as found
applicable, see also [2.6.3] and [2.6.4].
3.4.2 Object
3.4.2.1 Adequate structural strength should be documented for the object involved in the subsea operation.
3.4.2.3 Appropriate consequence factors, see DNV-OS-H205 [5.1], should be applied to lift points, primary
and secondary structural elements.
3.4.2.4 Due consideration should be given to skew load cases, the effects of which are not normally covered
by in service design conditions.
3.4.2.5 Attention should be given to possible horizontal load components acting on the lift points.
3.4.6 Inspection
3.4.6.1 Inspection of lift points and lifting equipment should comply with the requirements relating to special
structural steel in DNV-OS-H102 Sec.6 B.
3.4.6.2 Lift points shall be inspected for each subsequent lift.
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
3.4.2.2 Lifted objects should be designed to withstand hydrostatic, hydrodynamic and any other loads
experienced during transportation and installation, as described in Section [3.3.1] to [3.3.8].
Guidance note:
The extent of inspection should be defined based on the available information about the lift point load history and the
original NDT. If no relevant information is available the inspection should be as for a new lift point, see [3.4.6.1]. Lift
points can be accepted for subsequent lifting based on a visual inspection only if;
a) the load history (since last MPI/UT inspection) of the lift points is known,
b) no excessive or uncontrolled loading of the lift points has occurred, or is suspected to have occurred during
previous lifts, and
c) no damages are detected during the visual inspection.
Lift points satisfying items b) and c) only, should be subject to 100% MPI before any subsequent lifting.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
3.4.6.3 Requirements for inspection of objects stored subsea should be agreed before lifting. Demonstration
of appropriate load history since the most recent NDT is normally required.
Guidance note:
See DNV-RP-H102 for specific guidance regarding removal of objects.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
Guidance note:
Three different tow configurations are covered in this sub-section:
Submerged tow of objects attached to Vessel
Submerged tow of objects attached to Towed Buoy
Surface or sub-surface tow of long slender elements (see also [4.3] which covers pipe bundles).
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
4.2.1.2 The operation reference period (TR) for the towing operation shall be assessed taking into account the
following:
4.2.1.3 Safe conditions before and after the tow shall be clearly defined.
4.2.1.4 The low towing speed that is normally expected for submerged towing.
4.2.1.5 Considering TR, the operation shall be classified as weather restricted or weather unrestricted, see
DNV-OS-H101 Sec.4.
4.2.1.6 All parameters that could be critical shall be considered during the modelling and analysis of a
submerged tow. See DNV-RP-H103 [7.3.2] for examples of critical parameters.
4.2.1.1 Recommendations in this sub-section are applicable for towing of submerged small-volume structures
and long slender elements.
4.2.3.2 Design of the towing arrangement shall comply with the requirements in DNV-OS-H202 Sec.4.
4.2.3.3 Hang-off rigging between the buoy and the object shall be designed in accordance with DNV-OSH205 Sec.4. The possibility of fatigue should be considered.
4.2.5.4 Calculated characteristic values of loads should have maximum 10% probability of being exceeded. In
order to verify that the corresponding design load is adequate it is recommended to also check the tail of the
distribution.
Guidance note:
E.g. the 1% probability of being exceeded load could be calculated and verified against the design load and the overall
structural safety requirement, see DNV-OS-H101 Sec.1 A200.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
4.2.5.5 Acceptable clearances to vessel side or moonpool sides should normally be documented by
calculations.
4.3 Bundles
4.3.1 General
4.3.1.1 This sub-section covers controlled depth tow and off-bottom tow of pipe and riser bundles.
4.3.1.2 The bundle design should be based on direct calculation of required bollard pull.
4.3.1.3 Bundle towing connections and wires should be designed based on dynamic analysis of the launch,
towing and holdback forces.
4.3.1.4 Appropriate design factors should be defined with reference to the following alternatives:
As for towing (DNV-OS-H202) if the object is floating in a controllable manner after a structural and/or
towline failure.
As for lifting (See Sec.5 and DNV-OS-H205) if the object is not controllable after a structural and/or
towline failure.
4.3.1.5 Bundle break-out forces shall be conservatively estimated. The effects of launch track slope/
settlement, mechanical resistance, launch bogie / roller condition and other relevant parameters that influence
the break out force shall be considered.
4.3.1.6 The stability of the total bundle and tow heads/structures shall be calculated for all stages of the launch,
tow installation and flooding. Side current forces, hydrodynamic effects during tow and free surface effects
during flooding operations should be considered.
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
4.2.5.3 All possible (relevant) loads and their appropriate characteristic value shall be identified according to
the principles in Sec.3.
4.3.1.7 Bundle behaviour during tow should as far as possible be estimated during design. Inline structures
should as far as possible be designed in a way that will minimise the generation of hydrodynamic drag and lift
forces that could cause an instable/fluctuating bundle configuration during tow.
4.3.1.8 Sensitivity studies shall be carried out for essential parameters such as weight, ballast, buoyancy,
salinity, cross current, towing speed, back tension, internal pressure loss etc. for relevant phases.
4.3.2.4 Bundle support and bending restrictions shall be defined, based on structural pipe analysis,
consideration of local soil conditions, the launch track characteristics and bundle weight and stiffness. Variable
conditions such as scour and erosion in wave effected zone and consolidation of the soil shall be considered.
Acceptable departure angles from launch way, in both horizontal and vertical direction, shall be defined.
4.3.2.5 Adequate means of monitoring environmental conditions and limiting load-out parameters shall be
established and tested before commencement of load-out.
4.3.3.1 Adequate means of monitoring environmental conditions, tow parameters and bundle configuration
shall be established and tested before commencement of tow.
4.3.3.2 Adequate back-up systems shall be available.
4.3.3.3 The tow route, including an adequate corridor to allow for the necessary deflection of bundle and
temporary lay-down areas, shall be surveyed prior to start of tow.
4.3.3.4 Prior to commencing the tow the bundle shall be ballasted to an acceptable configuration for the tow
4.3.3.5 Bundle parameters, configuration and feedback shall be systematically checked after commencement
of the tow. Deviations from expected values shall be recorded and any possible effects on the towing procedure
and bundle evaluated.
4.3.3.6 Bundle deflection and anchorage forces (required to stabilise the bundle in any predefined holding
locations) shall be analysed for the characteristic current conditions and loads.
4.3.3.7 Current speed (and direction) should be monitored at regular intervals during tow and holding periods,
unless extreme current values are used in the analysis of bundle behaviour. Contingency procedures should be
available and mitigating actions employed in case the current speed exceeds the design values.
4.3.3.8 Bundle behaviour following towline failure should be assessed and used as a basis for evaluating and
generating and appropriate contingency procedures.
Guidance note:
Qualification testing should be based on a product and configuration representative of the actual bundle and towing
conditions anticipated.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
4.3.3.9 The strength of the bundle should be documented as adequate for all potential situations, including that
where it is hanging freely supported only at each end.
4.3.3.10 If external ballast is used (normally chain) the bundle must be sufficiently robust to accept some loss
of ballast during tow, without undue effect on the bundle configuration.
4.3.3.11 Adequate abandonment equipment shall be carried on-board the lead tug(s) and trailing tug, to enable
controlled laydown and abandonment if necessary.
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
4.4.3.3 Continuous monitoring of the tension, pulling force and other relevant parameters by means of
measuring devices shall be performed during spooling; the accuracy required is given in DNV-OS-H101 Sec.4
D.
4.4.3.4 Critical steps in the spooling operation should be visually monitored continuously, including transition
points (rollers, deflectors, sheaves, chutes, spans etc.) to monitor for the presence of excessive twist - the
maximum allowable twist shall be defined.
4.4.3.5 Product lift/transfer arrangements and procedures shall be designed so that product limiting criteria are
not exceeded. Tension shall be maintained in free spans such that the resulting catenary does not infringe the
minimum bending radius defined for spooling operations.
Guidance note:
The product may be supported at each end by bend shoes, sheaves, chutes or bellmouths of a suitable radius.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
4.4.3.6 Any lifting gear/equipment and attachment points shall be configured such that the product remains
within all its design limiting criteria.
4.4.3.7 Lifting equipment used to handle in-line and end structures / end terminations shall be designed in
accordance with DNV-OS-H205 Sec.3. The design of lifting equipment and lift points on such structures
should consider all possible load directions and distributions between different parts of the rigging.
4.4.3.8 Methods involving for example soft slings, Chinese fingers or similar choked around the product, used
for pulling and/or hold-back of the product, shall be qualified prior to operation. Qualification should include
testing carried out on a configuration representative of the actual product and load conditions/directions.
4.4.3.9 The design of load-out vessel moorings should consider reaction loads during the spooling operation.
Vessel mooring design should consider tidal range, necessary offsets and heading variations, with reference to
pipe spans and allowable product loads.
4.4.3.10 Operators of the spooling units (winches, carousel, turntable, etc.) shall be in continuous radio
contact. Spare radio sets shall be available.
4.4.3.2 Spooling operations shall be designed such that the associated handling procedures do not result in
tension, twisting or bending of the product (including terminations and ancillary equipment) in excess of its
operational limitations.
4.4.4.2 The structural integrity of equipment such as reels, carousels and baskets shall be documented as
adequate. The actual transport condition and product parameters including, but not limited to, for example
content, packing arrangements, locked-in spooling tension, CoG, load distribution and weight/length
contingency shall be considered.
4.4.4.3 When transport is on board the installation vessel and the installation equipment also acts as
permanent/temporary seafastening, e.g. reel drive systems, the mechanical/hydraulic capacity of the
installation equipment shall be documented as sufficient for the relevant transportation loads. Special attention
should be given to systems depending on hydraulic pressure, gears and roller/bearing systems exposed to high
loads in a static condition.
4.4.4.4 The seafastening arrangements for storage reels not supported in a reel-drive system should be
documented for all phases.
Guidance note:
A seafastening release procedure should document that the reel is adequately secured until the reel drive system is
mounted.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
4.5.2.1 Handling and lifting of pipe joints shall be performed according to recognised procedures and methods.
Equipment used for handling and lifting shall be designed to prevent damage to coatings and/or prepared pipe
ends.
4.5.2.2 The capacity of lifting equipment shall comply with requirements in DNV-OS-H205.
5.2.1.4 The stiffness of the hoisting system can be calculated according DNV-RP-H103 [4.7.6].
5.2.1.5 If unavoidable, snap loads shall be analysed thoroughly.
Guidance note 1:
If the hoist line or one or more slings become slack, significant snap forces may be experienced. A slack condition
normally occurs if the hydrodynamic forces exceed the force caused by the static (submerged) weight of an object.
Appropriate limiting weather conditions should be defined where possible such that slack sling criteria are fulfilled
and snap loads are avoided, see [5.3.1.1].
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
Guidance note 2:
Characteristic snap loads may be calculated according to DNV-RP-H103 [4.7.2] or by more advanced methods, see
e.g. [5.3.2.4].
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
5.2.1.3 The estimation of hydrodynamic coefficients should follow the recommendations given in DNV-RPH103 [4.6]. See also DNV-RP-C205 for guidance.
by physical means (DNV-OS-H205 [2.3.2.1]). Note also that spreader bars and/or crane hooks can be subject to
critical (double) pendulum motions.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
5.2.3.3 All critical vertical positions of the object relative to the sea surface shall be included in the lift
analysis. See DNV-RP-H103 [4.5] for further guidance.
5.2.3.4 If clearances during deck handling operations are considered critical, see [5.6.1.4], lift off from the
deck of the installation vessel should be analysed to estimate the minimum clearances between the lifted object
and other structures/vessel side.
5.2.3.5 If tugger wires are used to control a lifted object, the required capacity of the tugger wire arrangement
should be calculated; both the winch wire tension and winch pay-out/pay-in speed should be considered.
5.2.3.6 The lifted object shall be documented as having adequate stability when lowering through the wave
zone. See [2.5.2.3].
5.2.3.7 Hydrodynamic forces on objects lowered through the water surface and below the wave influenced
zone, can be estimated using the simplified method described in [5.2.4]. Other methods may be applicable, see
[5.4].
5.2.3.8 The local strength of lifted equipment (including hatch covers, ancillary equipment, etc.) should be
checked for the effects of wave slamming.
5.2.3.9 Guidance for estimating loads associated with deepwater operations is given in Section [5.7.1].
5.2.3.10 Positioning loads are covered in [3.3.7], whilst geotechnical aspects related to landing on and retrieval
from the seabed are covered in Sec.7.
5.2.4 Simplified method for estimation of hydrodynamic forces acting on submerged objects
5.2.4.1 The Simplified Method described in DNV-RP-H103 [4.3], may be used to estimate the forces on
objects lowered through the water surface and down to the seabed. The method is equally applicable for
retrieval.
5.2.4.2 The intention of the Simplified Method is to provide a basic, albeit conservative, estimate of the forces
acting on a lifted object. Alternative calculation methods can be considered acceptable provided they follow
the general guidelines given in [5.4].
5.2.4.3 The Simplified Method may be adopted assuming the following criteria are fulfilled:
The size of the lifted object (overall length) is relatively small compared to the wave length.
The vertical motion of the object follows the crane tip motion.
The load case is dominated by relative vertical motion between object and water other modes of motions
can be disregarded.
Guidance note 1:
The horizontal extent of the lifted object (in the wave propagation direction) should be less than 1/4 of the typical
wave lengths of the waves exciting the structure. The force in the hoist line will normally be conservatively estimated
if the horizontal extent of the lifted object is larger than the above limitation. Forces experienced in individual slings
however can be underestimated as unsymmetrical loading can be more pronounced for larger objects.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
Guidance note 2:
The method is not applicable if the crane tip oscillation period or the wave period is close to the resonance period of
the hoisting system. For further guidance see DNV-RP-H103.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
Guidance note 3:
Note that the lifted object may be divided into main items and surfaces contributing to the hydrodynamic force, see
DNV-RP-H103 [4.3.9.6].
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
5.2.4.4 More accurate estimations are required if the criteria in [5.2.4.3] are not fulfilled, see [5.4].
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
5.2.3.11 It shall be documented that for landing operations relying on active heave compensation (AHC), the
crane tip heave motion and heave velocity remains within the compensating capacity of the AHC system. See
also [2.4.2].
Guidance note 1:
A 10% margin to the start of slack slings is assumed to be an adequate safety level given the load factors and
combinations stated in the ULS criteria.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
Guidance note 2:
When deploying objects that are close to neutrally buoyant (e.g. ROVs, etc) it will normally not be possible to fulfil
the slack sling criteria in moderate sea states. In such cases the hoisting system should incorporate a guide system to
ensure controlled clearance from the vessel side. Further, unless means to avoid snap loads are available, the
characteristic snap load should be accounted for in the design. The characteristic snap load may be calculated
according to DNV-RP-H103 [4.7.2].
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
5.3.1.2 The minimum static weight of an object as described in [5.2.1.2] should be applied when checking
slack sling criterion.
5.3.1.4 The Characteristic total force on an object should be established by applying the maximum static
weight, see [5.2.1.2].
5.3.1.5 The capacity checks described in DNV-OS-H205, Lifting Operations, relate to the weight of the object
in air. Hence, a converted dynamic amplification factor (DAF) should be applied equivalent to a factor valid in
air. The following relation should be applied in the equations given in DNV-OS-H205:
DAFconv = Ftotal / mg
where
DAFconv
m
g
Ftotal
Fstatic-max
=
=
=
=
=
5.3.1.6 The base case method in DNV-OS-H205 [5.1.2] should be used to define the load factors (and the
design load) only if the Simplified Method is applied.
5.3.1.3 In addition to the slack sling criterion, the capacity of lifted object and lifting equipment should be
checked according to DNV-OS-H205.
Guidance note:
The acceptance criterion in [5.3.1.1] is assumed to provide an adequate safety level given the load factors and load
combinations stated in the ULS criteria. If slack slings are encountered, the design loads should preferably be
calculated as indicated. However, the alternative given below in [5.3.2.7] can be found acceptable.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
5.3.2.7 If the approach in [5.3.2.6] is not followed, a load factor of 1.3 shall be applied on the total
characteristic lift force including snap load (i.e. characteristic static load + characteristic dynamic load). See
also GN above.
5.4.2 Documentation
5.4.2.1 General requirements for documentation are given in [2.2]. If alternative calculation methods are used,
additional documentation as described in this sub-section shall be made available.
5.4.2.2 Documentation based upon regular design wave approach should be comprehensively and thoroughly
described, such that the calculations are reproducible.
Description of how the hydrodynamic model of the vessel has been derived, load condition, etc.
Description of how the objects hydrodynamic coefficients have been derived. Values should be included
for both individual elements and the total added mass/damping.
Description of how slamming has been modelled, comparison of slamming loads versus analytical results,
results from model tests or CFD analyses.
Description of how extreme forces have been estimated.
5.4.2.4 As a minimum for CFD analyses, the following documentation is required:
5.4.2.5 If model test results are available, numerical simulation results should be compared and validated with
the model test.
5.4.2.3 As a minimum, for time domain analyses the following documentation is required:
5.5.3 Spools
5.5.3.1 Spools are typically slender structures, with concentrated masses at the ends. Relevant loads and
analyses methods should be adopted to consider possible dynamic effects associated with such geometry.
5.5.3.2 For objects with large horizontal extent e.g. long slender structures like spool pieces, spreader beams,
etc. more refined analyses (than the Simplified Method described in [5.2.4]) are needed to adequately establish
loads in individual slings.
5.5.3.3 Local reaction forces at support points should be considered.
5.5.3.5 Trial lifting of spools and/or jumpers shall be carried out to verify the rigging geometry prior to loadout. If the trial lift reveals that a sling is slack or the tilt angle is unacceptable, sling lengths shall be adjusted
and the test lift repeated.
5.6.1.3 In addition to the onshore test lift described in [2.5.6], a trial over boarding lift during mobilisation is
recommended to: verify available hook height, confirm that the intended lift path is free from obstructions,
confirm clearances to other objects/vessel side, check routing of tugger lines/tag lines, etc.
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
5.5.3.4 Free flooding of objects such as spools, spreader beams, etc. can cause large shifts in CoG, subsequent
instability and possible overturning. These effects should be duly considered.
5.6.1.4 The operational aspects for lift operations in air, see DNV-OS-H205 [2.3] are normally applicable also
for subsea objects.
Guidance note:
[2.3] in DNV-OS-H205 includes recommendations for:
control of lift
clearances
lifting (operational criteria and procedure details)
monitoring of lifting operations
cutting of seafastening.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
5.6.1.5 When lifting an object from a barge or other vessel on board a crane vessel positioned side by side, the
relative motion between the crane hook and the barge at the position of the lifted object is critical. The risk of
interference between barge/vessel and the lifted object after lift-off should be considered.
5.6.1.6 Assumptions, see [5.2.3.6], regarding stability of an object should be considered during lowering
through the wave zone. This can be particularly relevant in relation to:
tilting of partly air-filled objects during lowering
the effect of free water surface inside an object
the possibility of entrapped air.
5.6.1.7 During lowering of an object to the seabed the following should be considered:
Horizontal offset due to current (where the current velocity can be time-dependent and its magnitude and
direction variable with water depth).
Dynamics and possible resonance effects due to wave induced motion of crane tip on vessel.
Guidance note:
Landing velocity is the sum of the objects vertical heave velocity and the crane/hoisting system pay-out speed.
Adjustment of the weather criteria might be necessary to limit the landing velocity.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
5.6.2.3 Once the correct installation position has been confirmed, the lift rigging should be disconnected
without undue delay. ROV (or diver) access and snag free release of lift rigging are critical aspects that should
be considered early in the design process.
5.6.1.8 The objects maximum allowable landing velocity shall not be exceeded, regardless of whether the
structure is landed onto the seabed or another structure.
Guidance note:
The maximum length of time that the structure could be wet stored should be considered. Assessments should evaluate
likely seabed penetrations. Further guidance for calculating these effects are given in Sec.7.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
5.6.4.2 Contingency procedures shall, where necessary, consider and address whether the object could be
temporarily abandoned on seabed, temporarily suspended or recovered to deck of the installation vessel.
Guidance note:
See DNV-RP-H103 Sec. 5 for advice on how to calculate these effects. Note also that deep water is not specified as
a specific limit in this Standard as a reasonable fixed limit will depend on prevailing environmental conditions and
application, e.g. drilling, diving, subsea construction, renewable energy, etc.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
5.7.1.2 The permissible installation tolerances shall be determined taking into account the increased difficulty
in accurate seabed positioning caused by large water depth and environmental conditions (current).
5.7.1.3 Deep water lowering and landing/docking operations must be planned with due consideration of the
time needed for deployment / recovery of units, tools and ROVs, for handling, manoeuvring, guiding and
positioning.
Guidance note 2:
Detailed guidance regarding installation of cables may be found in DNV-RP-J301 Sec. 6. Additional guidance for
wind farm cable installations may be found in ND/0035, Section 10.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
Guidance note 3:
In this section, the installation of submarine pipeline and cable systems including pipelines, risers, cables and
umbilicals is referred to as laying operations; product is used as a collective term for the various objects covered
in this section.
Guidance note 4:
Further guidance on subjects not explicitly covered in this Section may be found in ND/0029. Examples are:
Installation of deep water Steel Catenary Risers (SCR).
Burial of pipeline by trenching and backfill, jetting, rock placement or dumping.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
6.2.4.3 The schedule shall include contingency time for possible repair/s (e.g. of damaged sheathing/coating).
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
Guidance note 1:
DNV-OS-F101 Sec.10 D gives requirements for:
vessels
position reference systems/ navigation reference systems
anchor systems, anchor patterns, anchor handling
dynamic positioning
cranes and lifting equipment
lay vessel arrangement, laying equipment, instrumentation
mobilization activities
qualification of vessel and equipment
calibration and testing.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
Guidance note 2:
For further guidance regarding installation spread for cables see DNV-RP-J301 [6.2].
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
6.3.1.2 The tensioner system shall be qualified for the actual product dimension to be installed. Variations in
outer diameter due to both production tolerances and dimensional transitions shall be within the working range
of the tensioner system.
6.3.3.2 Temporary product hang-off shall be well planned, using dedicated equipment only. The hang-off
system should normally consist of well supported hang off collar/clamp.
Guidance note:
Product hang off using soft slings, Chinese fingers or similar choked around the product can be accepted if the method
is properly qualified, see [6.3.3.3], prior to operation.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
6.3.3.3 Clamps and other attachment devices shall be qualified. Qualification should include testing carried
out on a configuration representative of the actual product and load conditions/directions.
Guidance note:
When clamping on coating materials with undocumented creep properties/shear properties, an endurance test shall be
included; the holding time should reflect the operational requirements. See [2.5.5] for requirements to lifting tools.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
6.3.3.4 All work in the proximity of the clamping area that could influence material properties or the load, such
as heat, chemicals, grease, vibration, aligning pipe/product with side force etc., shall be specially considered.
6.3.3.5 Clump weights used during initiation or pull down, shall be of suitable weight and design. Sharp edges
that could cause excessive point loads on or abrasion of the product and/or installation rigging shall be avoided.
6.3.3.6 Clamps/swivel joints shall be qualified for the product, configuration and installation method to ensure
correct functioning during all phases. Special attention should be given to self-aligning swivel joints which can
be required to accommodate very different angles under installation and in-place conditions.
6.3.3.7 Emergency hang off facilities shall be readily available at all times. Moving, mounting, operation,
holding capacity and power supply shall be tested and/or documented prior to commencement of the operation.
6.3.3.8 All clamps, protection frames, anchor flanges etc., shall be installed in accordance with the
specification and drawings, using appropriate bolt torque and to the specified tolerances.
6.3.3.1 The installation vessel shall carry a sufficient amount of spares for the lay operation, especially for
critical equipment/tools used over and close to vessel side.
Guidance note:
For Pipe in Pipe systems it is normally acceptable to assume only that the inner pipe or the annulus is flooded, not both.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
6.3.4.2 Rigging components used to attach the A&R winch wire to the product lay-down tool shall be designed
in accordance with DNV-OS-H205 Sec.4. See also [2.7.3.1].
6.3.6.3 Winches (including sheaves, blocks, foundations, etc.) used for product pull-in towards platform/other
installations should be commissioned according to approved procedures. See DNV-OS-H101 Sec.4 F.
Guidance note:
Winch commissioning should normally include dynamic load testing with 110% of the maximum expected load
during operation. Testing should be carried out using the number of wire rope layer(s) that will be present when the
maximum expected load occurs.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
6.3.6.4 Rigging components used to attach the winch wire to the product/pull-in head shall be designed in
accordance with DNV-OS-H205 Sec.4. See also [2.7.3.1].
6.4.1.3 This section considers loads related to the installation (construction) phases of the product. Loads
related to the operating phases of the product shall be treated in accordance with recognized design codes.
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
6.3.6.2 The safety factor philosophy shall be based on a consequence analysis. If pull-in wire failure is likely
to result in loss of the pull-in object, a safety factor comparable with the lifting equipment should normally be
used.
Guidance note:
Construction loads are described in DNV-OS-F101 Sec.4 D and should be categorised as P, Q or E loads.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
6.4.1.4 The most unfavourable load scenario for all relevant installation phases and conditions shall be
considered.
6.4.1.5 All loads and forced displacements which can influence the product shall be taken into account. For
each cross section or part of the system to be considered and for each possible mode of failure to be analysed,
all relevant combinations of loads which can act simultaneously shall be considered.
6.4.1.6 When considering the environmental design load the most unfavourable relevant combination, position
and direction of simultaneously acting environmental loads shall be used when documenting the integrity of
the system, see also DNV-OS-H102 Sec.4 C.
6.4.1.7 Any possible accidental loads shall be considered.
Guidance note:
Accidental loads are described in DNV-OS-F101 Sec.4 F and interference loads in Sec.4 E.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
6.4.2.4 Requirements for vessel motion analysis are given in DNV-OS-H102 Sec.4 B.
6.4.2.3 The characteristic load effects from the different load categories are combined with the inclusion of
load effect factors to constitute the design load effect. See also [6.4.3].
Guidance note 2:
Flexible pipe systems can include flowlines, risers and/or jumpers. I.e. flexible pipes may be used for both static and
dynamic applications. A flexible dynamic pipe will normally be categorized as a dynamic riser.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
6.4.4.3 The allowable MBR (minimum bending radius) shall be defined for all relevant loads.
Guidance note:
The definition should include at least the following information:
Tables/curves showing allowable bending (curvature) as a function of tension and pressure if applicable.
All possible failure modes.
Safety factor(s) included in the indicated MBR.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
6.5.2 Initiation
Guidance note:
The characteristic initiation load should be calculated as the maximum characteristic functional (P & Q) load
multiplied with a factor not less than 1.5 to include dynamic (environmental) effects.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
6.5.2.2 Purpose made initiation points, such as piles or dead man anchors, shall be load tested to 1.5 times
maximum characteristic bottom tension (functional load) during start-up prior to commencement of lay
operation. The direction of pull during test shall reflect the actual conditions during initiation. Holding time
should be at least 15 minutes.
6.5.2.3 If a diverless latch/sheave type of initiation system is used, ROV monitoring of the sheave is imperative
throughout the whole initiation phase. Further, crossings between running wires and other wires, pipelines,
mooring equipment etc. shall be continuously monitored.
6.5.2.4 The initiation head structure should have means of preventing overturning caused by product rotation.
Structures with COG above pipeline centre shall be specially considered.
6.5.3 Laying
6.5.3.1 Crossings shall be prepared according to the findings from a risk assessment.
6.5.3.2 Requirements for anchor positioned lay vessel operations are given in DNV-OS-F101 Sec.10 D400.
6.5.3.3 If anchors are used for positioning of laying vessel, the anchor handling tugs shall keep the anchor
secured on deck when manoeuvring above pipelines and other subsea equipment.
6.5.3.4 Weather limitations for anchor handling tugs should be defined and taken into consideration when
planning lay operations.
6.5.3.5 Vessel lay operations using dynamically positioned vessels shall comply with the requirements in
DNV-OS-H203.
6.5.2.1 The initiation point shall be of adequate design and have sufficient structural capacity to resist the
initiation load in any possible direction.
Guidance note:
The lay configuration may be controlled by tension, stinger tip clearance and lay back distance/touch down
monitoring. Depending on the installation vessel and type of product, the preferred method can alter.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
6.5.4.2 The product touch down point shall be monitored as well as other interface points that are critical to
the integrity of the product or represent a risk for fixed installations or other subsea installations.
6.5.4.3 In order to enable continuous lay operations, adequate contingency measures for touch down
monitoring shall be established in case of primary monitoring system failure.
6.5.4.4 The ROV monitoring laying operations shall have sufficient working radii to observe critical areas
such as touchdown point, turning points etc. during laying. See also [2.9].
6.5.5 Lay-down
6.5.5.1 The laydown head structure should have means of preventing overturning caused by product rotation,
structures with their COG above the pipeline centre shall be specially considered.
Guidance note:
In cases where orientation of lay down head structure is not relevant for the preceding operations, this requirement
could be disregarded. The requirement in [6.5.5.3] will apply in this case.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
6.5.5.2 Laydown tools shall be designed to resist the maximum laydown forces from all radial directions in
case of pipe rotation or include an effective swivel system.
6.5.5.3 Laydown tools should have a release mechanism that can be operated even if landed upside down or
on their side.
6.5.6.1 The requirements of this subsection are applicable to the execution, inspection and testing of shore pull
when products as described in [6.1.1.1] are pulled either from a vessel onto the shore, or vice versa.
6.5.6.2 Detailed requirements for the execution, inspection and testing of shore pull shall be specified,
considering the nature of the particular installation site.
6.5.6.3 Measuring devices shall be used to control the integrity of the product during execution of the shore
pull. The product tension and pulling force shall be continuously monitored, and shall be kept within allowable
limits. Monitoring with ROVs can be needed.
6.5.6.4 The winches shall be equipped with wire tension and length indicators and recorders. All measuring
equipment shall be calibrated, and an adequate amount of spares shall be provided to ensure uninterrupted
operation.
6.5.6.5 It shall be documented that ROVs are able to operate under the seastate expected for the operation in
question. Factors such as water depth, visibility and effect of breaking waves should also be considered.
6.5.6.6 Satisfactory abrasion resistance of the product coating shall be demonstrated for the installation
conditions.
6.5.6.7 Buoyancy aids or pre-installed seabed rollers may be used to maintain pulling tension within allowable
limits.
6.5.6.8 Buoyancy aids shall be designed providing sufficient redundancy. The number and capacity of
buoyancy elements shall be sufficient to ensure that the product will stay afloat in case of damage to or loss of
a realistic number of elements.
6.5.6.9 If buoyancy elements are used, handling of buoyancy elements and control of product catenary are
normally controlled by light workboats. The limiting environmental conditions for these operations shall be
specified so that work carried out from small workboats is feasible and safe.
6.5.6.10 Visibility and adequate lightening shall enable full overview of the floating product.
6.5.6.11 Workboat crews should be especially instructed/trained in order to control and handle the product
without the risk of imposing damages
6.5.6.12 A shore pull / shore initiation operation will in most cases be a shallow water operation, which can
limit the ability of the installation vessel to position freely, and can also limit the use of thrusters due to draft
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
limitations. The effect on the DP capacity and the system redundancy shall be carefully considered, to maintain
the required positioning capabilities.
6.5.6.13 Requirements and considerations related to design and preparation of landfall/onshore part of the
product system may be found in DNV-OS-F101, Submarine Pipeline Systems and in DNV-RP-J301 for Cable
Systems.
6.6.2.5 Laydown of product shall be engineered ensuring that the product can be abandoned without
compromising any parameters specified by the manufacturer. During project preparations, the product
abandonment and recovery arrangement shall be designed, including, for example, grappling lines for
recovery, marker buoys, etc.
6.6.2.6 Prior to planned abandonment of product, the ends shall be sufficiently protected from water ingress
so that the cable can be safely abandoned on and retrieved from the seabed.
6.6.2.7 Further recommendations to installation of subsea power cables may be found in DNV-RP-J301. The
recommendations in DNV-RP-J301 can also be applicable to other types of subsea cables such as fibre optic
cables.
6.6.3 J-tube pull-in of flexible risers, flexibles pipelines, umbilicals and cables
6.6.3.1 Prior to pull-in of products into J-tubes, the position of the J-tube, clamps, supports and product shall
be confirmed and evaluated with respect to assumptions made in the design. Potential damage shall be
identified and relevant measures taken if necessary.
6.6.3.2 To prevent the pulling head and product from jamming and to ensure that the J-tube is clear of debris
and obstructions, the diameter, roundness and cleanliness of the J-tubes shall be inspected by gauging pigs,
pulling a test pipe or similar.
6.6.3.3 The entry of the product into the bellmouth shall be continuously monitored, and the tension in the pullin cable shall be within specified limits.
6.6.3.4 Upon completion of the J-tube pull-in, a survey shall be performed to confirm the position of the
product including supports etc. Potential damage shall be identified and appropriate measures taken if required.
6.6.3.5 Any possible skew loads on pull-in heads associated with entry into the bellmouth, through bends etc.
shall be considered in the design.
6.6.3.6 Friction effects shall be calculated according to the principles in DNV-OS-H102 Sec.4 A600.
6.6.3.7 If lubricant is planned to be used during pull-in to reduce friction, the compatibility of the lubricant
with the surfaces in question both with respect to chemical reactions and friction reduction must be
documented. Testing may be carried out in order to establish applicable friction coefficients following the
principles in DNV-OS-H102 Sec.2 E400.
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
6.6.2.4 The clearance to installation vessel (moonpool or vessel side) shall be monitored and maintained
during all phases of the installation. In case of small clearances between product and vessel, contact points shall
be provided with suitably radiused protection.
6.6.5.2 In general, procedures for the operational sequences listed below should be established, including
contingency plans, and limiting weather criteria:
6.6.5.3 Suitable arrangements shall be provided for release of towing wire from pull head. Residual tension
and/or torsion should be considered.
6.7.2 General
6.7.2.1 The alignment and position of the tie-in ends shall be within the specified tolerances before completing
the tie-in.
6.7.2.2 During all handling, lifting and lowering into final position, open flange faces shall be protected against
mechanical damage.
6.7.2.3 Tie-in tool capabilities shall be sufficient to overcome forces from friction, soil build up, holdback and
misalignment.
6.7.2.4 Tie in tool capabilities shall be based on documented values achievable on site.
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
6.6.5.1 It is assumed that integration tests, if applicable, have verified the operability of the various tools and
equipment. Test reports should highlight and reflect critical operational sequences and their limiting factors.
7.1.3.1 For foundation failures which can have unacceptable consequences, such as structural damage or
irrecoverable, unacceptable displacements, material factors should be applied according to relevant design
standards, e.g. DNV CN30.4.
7.1.3.2 The adequacy of the normal load and material factors should be evaluated in relation to the proposed
installation procedure and governing boundary conditions.
Guidance note:
Provided that the installation is performed under controlled conditions by use of heave compensator, which effectively
prevents excessive impact velocity, standard safety factors can be used. Otherwise, adjustments should be agreed on
a case by case basis.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
7.2.1.2 Characteristic ULS positioning loads in vertical and horizontal direction should normally not be taken
less than 3% of the installed object's submerged weight including added mass.
subsea structures can and still do on occasion suffer foundation failure during installation, mainly in soft soil
conditions.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
7.2.2.2 Impact analysis should consider and establish relationships between the following factors:
7.2.2.3 Based on the impact analysis, the allowable maximum set-down velocity can be determined. In order
to control that the actual set-down velocity is less or equal, it will in most cases be necessary to use a heave
compensator, see [2.4], which controls and limits the heave motion prior to touch-down. Without heave
compensation, failure due to global displacement and/or local soil disturbance can occur. The consequences of
such incidents should be investigated.
7.2.2.5 The possibility of snap loading in the lifting wire when the object is set on the seabed should be
considered. This should in particular be focused upon moderate water depths with correspondingly stiff lifting
wire and when the maximum heave velocities are higher than the crane lowering velocity. If the wire is not paid
out sufficiently once the lifted object is set on the seabed, the force in the wire due to snap loading will in most
circumstances be increased due to seabed suction.
7.2.2.6 Deceleration associated with impact induces additional dynamic forces on equipment and structural
elements which should be evaluated; this effect is most relevant when installing an object on hard ground.
7.3 Miscellaneous
7.3.1 Effects of conductor installation and shallow well drilling
7.3.1.1 Conductor installation and shallow well drilling require attention from a subsea structure integrity
point of view.
7.3.1.2 Planning for conductor installation should take into account the potential for disturbance of existing
foundation soils and the risk of reducing stability of the structure (or of adjacent conductors) further.
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
7.2.2.4 When deciding upon allowable heave, the possible magnification of heave motions due to resonance
should be taken into account.
Guidance note:
Soil disturbance during drilling operations can result from hydraulic fracture, washout (uncontrolled enlargement
of the drilled hole), or shallow gas pockets.
Hydraulic fracture occurs where drilling fluid pressure is too high and fluid is lost into the formation.
Washout generally occurs in granular soils and can, in part, be induced by high drilling fluid circulation rates or
drilling without mud. Washout can produce large voids in the soil structure and lead to stress relief in the
surrounding soils.
When pumps are applied for disposal of drill mud the bore hole can collapse due to excessive suction.
These incidents can be accompanied by loss of circulation of drilling fluids or in creation of sea floor craters.
Thereby the stability of foundations can be reduced and displacements increased. These detrimental effects can
occur whether the drilling takes place after installation of the structure or before, e.g. through a pre-installed
template or for an exploration well.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
7.3.1.3 In case of pre-drilled wells, records of conductor installation and shallow well drilling shall be
available to the designer of the structure. The cuttings from the well drilling operation, if allowed to accumulate
on the sea floor, should be taken into account both in the object installation and retrieval procedures.
7.3.2.4 Retrieval force calculations/analyses shall be carried out according to recognised methods, see DNVRP-H103 Sec.6.
7.3.2.3 Retrieval forces are dependent on soil parameters, foundation geometry, lifting velocity, consolidation
time, contact pressure, etc.